El Ubuciko besimanje Kuwukubonakaliswa okuzama ukuthwebula ukucabanga komphakathi wanamuhla ngalokho umdwebi akubona eqinisweni lakhe futhi akudlulisele emsebenzini wobuciko. Ukuze umphakathi ukwazi ukuthwebula okwenzekayo. Kungakho ubuciko sebuphenduke isenzo sokwengezwa kwemizwelo ehlala ifuna izisusa ezintsha. Qhubeka ufunda futhi uthole okwengeziwe!
ubuciko besimanje
I-Contemporary Art iwubuciko obuqala ukuzibonakalisa kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, futhi lokho kuhlobene kakhulu nomphakathi wanamuhla, nakuba ochwepheshe abaningi bethi kuwumfanekiso womcabango womphakathi. Yingakho kungashiwo ukuthi ubuciko besimanje buzalwa emisebenzini eyenziwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Kodwa umqondo wobuciko uhlobene kakhulu ngoba uhlukaniswa nesikhathi lapho utholakala khona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubuciko besimanje bukhiqizwa amaciko esikhathini samanje.Isibonelo esicace kakhulu kwakuyimidwebo eyenziwa uLeonardo Da Vinci ekhulwini le-XNUMX kulowo mphakathi wangaleso sikhathi, okwakuwubuciko bawo besikhathi samanje.
Imibandela Yobuciko Besimanje
Ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi umsebenzi wobuciko ungowobuciko besimanje, kusetshenziswa imibandela embalwa ukuze kutholwe ukuthi umsebenzi uhambisana nobuciko besimanje kanye nezinkulumo zobuciko zamanje, okuyilezi ezilandelayo:
Ubuciko besimanje kanye ne-avant-garde: Iphuzu elivelele kakhulu lokwazi ukuthi umsebenzi uthinta ukubonakaliswa kobuciko besikhathi samanje yileyo misebenzi eyenziwe kusukela ekuqhumeni kwe-avant-garde okwenzeka ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Imisebenzi yobuciko eyenziwe kusukela ekuqhumeni kwe-avant-garde yayinochungechunge lwezici ezizozihlukanisa neminye imisebenzi eyenziwa ngaphambili, ngoba yethula izinga lomqondo nelihlelekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abadwebi babe nemibono ecacile eyenza uguquko kwezobuciko kusukela bephula isikhunta sendabuko ukuthi imidwebo yenziwe ngaphezu kwemvelo yokuhlola ababenayo.
Ukunyakaza okwenzeka kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi futhi okuyingxenye yobuciko besimanje yi-expressionism, i-surrealism, i-fauvism, i-Dadaism, i-cubism, i-futurism ne-neoplasticism.
Ubuciko kanye nobudala besimanje: Enye inkomba esetshenziswa kabanzi ukunquma ukuthi umsebenzi wobuciko ungowobuciko ukuthi uhlobene nenkathi yangaleso sikhathi ekupheleni kwekhulu le-1789, kanye neNguquko YaseFrance, etholakala phakathi kweminyaka ye-1799-XNUMX.
Kungakho ubuciko besimanje buhlobene nokuhamba kwe-romanticism njengoba le nhlangano ibonakala ngenkululeko, imizwa, ukuzithoba kanye nobuntu.
Ubuciko besimanje kanye ne-postmodernity: Umbandela wesithathu ogqamayo wokwazi ukuthi umsebenzi wobuciko uhlobene yini nobuciko ukucabangela indawo yokuqala ye-postmodernism, njengoba ochwepheshe abaningi bezobuciko beyibeka phakathi kwamashumi eminyaka yama-60s nama-70s ekhulwini lama-1945. Ngenkathi abanye bethi ubuciko besikhathi samanje baqala lapho kuphela iMpi Yezwe Yesibili ngo-XNUMX.
Ubuciko besimanje buphinde bubonakale ngokubuya kwegagasi le-avant-garde elihambisana nomnyakazo owaziwa ngokuthi ubuciko be-pop kanye neqiniso elisha lesi-French. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvela okunye ukunyakaza kobuciko, okufana nobuciko bomqondo, i-minimalism kanye ne-abstract expressionism, kanye ne-hyperrealism, i-neofiguration, ukufakwa, ukwakhiwa nobuciko basemadolobheni.
Ingemuva
Ubuciko besimanje bunokufana okuningi nobuciko besimanje noma lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ubuciko be-avant-garde, njengoba izinto ezivamile kanye namasiko afakwe emcabangweni we-postmodern ayabuzwa. Ngale ndlela, iqala ku-poststructuralist theory lapho kugcizelelwa khona ubuciko be-postmodern ngokumelene nobuciko besimanje ngeqiniso elilula lokuthi ubani owenza umsebenzi wobuciko.
Ngale ndlela, imvelaphi kanye nokuzithoba kwamaciko kwezobuciko besimanje kuthathwa njengokuhamba phambili, ngoba kundliwa ezinye izinhlobo zobuciko ezenziwe ngamaciko kwezinye izikhathi. Kodwa lokho okwenziwa yingcweti kwezobuciko besimanje ukukuchaza kabusha futhi kunikeze enye incazelo emsebenzini.
Ngokunikeza omunye umbono womsebenzi wobuciko, umdwebi usebenzisa ezinye izimfanelo emisebenzini efana nezici zamasiko, ezombusazwe, ezenhlalakahle kanye zokuxhumana zesikhathi samanje. Lokhu ngomnqopho wokukwazi ukunqoba izimiso zothando nezizimele zokudalwa kobuciko.
Isici esigqame kakhulu kwezobuciko besimanje ubudlelwano obusondelene kakhulu enabo nezikhungo nezakhiwo eziqinisekisa imisebenzi yobuciko, njengezindawo zemibukiso yezobuciko, iminyuziyamu kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi imibukiso yobuciko noma iminyaka emibili yobuciko. Lezi zikhungo zisetshenziswa amaciko ahlukene ukwenza umsebenzi owenziwe ube semthethweni bese ukwazi ukuwubiza njengobuciko besimanje.
Omunye wabanduleli abavelele kwezobuciko besimanje umdwebi wendabuko waseFrance owaziwa ngokuthi uMarcel Duchamp nomsebenzi wakhe owaziwa ngokuthi umchamo owakhonjiswa njengomsebenzi omkhulu wobuciko besimanje ngonyaka we-1917.
Lo msebenzi waziwa njengento etholakele ukuthi ngesiNgisi izoshiwo njengento esele yenziwe futhi ibingomunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yobuciko besimanje ekhulwini lama-XNUMX.
Le ndlela yokwenza ubuciko besimanje yaqala emcabangweni wokuthi noma iyiphi into ingaba ubuciko. Ngalesi sisho kuyagqanyiswa ukuthi imisebenzi yobuciko ibaluleke kakhulu uma kubhekwa isakhiwo sayo sobuciko ohlelweni okumele udlule kulo umsebenzi wobuciko ukuze uqinisekiswe.
Futhi, ngokugqashula inkolelo-mbono yokuthi umsebenzi wobuciko onawo, uba yisibonelo esisha futhi umdwebi uyaqhela ebungcwetini obekwenzeka ngokuphula izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngomsebenzi awethulayo uMarcel Duchamp, uhlukana nesethi yama-paradigms akhona, ngoba owangaphambili ukhipha wonke umsebenzi wezandla ukuze enze umsebenzi wobuciko futhi aziveze njengomphathi womsebenzi wakhe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, yaqala ukuguqula imibono okwakudingeka yenze ubuciko besikhathi samanje, ngisho nabadwebi bezobuciko be-avant-garde bayithatha njengemibono yokuqala kakhulu. Njengoba zazinika ukubaluleka okukhulu emcabangweni noma kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi umsebenzi wobuhlakani kunasento yobuciko ngokwayo.
Omunye wemibandela okumele iciko eliphuma ku-conceptual art kumele lihlangabezane nazo ukuze umsebenzi walo wobuciko ulethe kwezobuciko besimanje ukushintsha kwe-paradigm.Ngale ndlela kuthiwa bonke abaculi besimanje bangabaculi be-post-conceptual.
Eyodwa ngaphambi nangemuva
Ubuciko besimanje bunesiqalo ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, futhi bazalwa ngenxa yesethi yamasu asetshenziswa ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Nakuba ochwepheshe abaningi bezobuciko beqinisekisa ukuthi ubuciko besimanje buzalwa ngendlela ye-impressionism kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-Post-Impressionism.
Kuphinde kwafunwa abagxeki bezobuciko ukuthi lezi zinhlangano bezibuye zibe yintuthuko kwezobuciko be-avant-garde ekhulwini lama-XNUMX. Phakathi kwazo kuzogqama ukunyakaza kobuciko okulandelayo, njengeFauvism, Constructivism, Neoplasticism, Cubism, Expressionism, Surrealism, Futurism kanye neDadaism.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi zonke lezi zinyathelo zobuciko zineqoqo lezinto ezizobe zivame kakhulu, enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezo zemibono. Kodwa ngokwesitayela abaphelelisi futhi uma kuziwa ekusunguleni kukhona uthando lobuciko besimanje obungazange bubonakale.
Kungakho kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ubuciko besimanje bubonakala ngoba ngaphakathi kwenhlangano ngayinye yezobuciko kukhona ukuqwashisa ngobuciko besimanje lapho isici ngasinye noma iminyakazo eminingi yobuciko ingabonakala. Njengoba ngokunyakaza ngakunye kumayelana nokubheka umqondo omusha ngaphakathi kobuciko besimanje ukuze ukwazi ukuphika okwedlule futhi uhlale ufuna imodeli entsha yobuciko.
Amaciko amaningi obuciko besimanje azama ukuthola incazelo entsha yemisebenzi yobuciko ngombono ohlukile weqiniso njengoba engafuni ukulingisa abanye abaculi. Yingakho bahlale befuna into entsha lapho behlola khona umbala, ukwakheka kanye nokuma.
Ngale ndlela umdwebi uyohlale efuna ubuciko obusha besimanje obushiya umbukeli womsebenzi wobuciko enomdlandla. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ayihambisani neqoqo lemisebenzi yobuciko ephindaphindiwe. Ngaphezu kokuzinikezela kusethi yamafomu amasha, uzohlala enethuba lokuqala kabusha kwezobuciko besimanje, ukuthola amafomu amasha ngombala kanye nokumelela umsebenzi.
Art Contemporary ekhulwini lama-XNUMX
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, ubuciko besikhathi samanje buzohlukana nazo zonke izincazelo ezaziwayo futhi zizobonakala yiqiniso lokuthi umdwebi uzokwazi ukujabulela inkululeko ephelele ekwakheni umsebenzi wakhe wobuciko. Nakuba kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubuciko besimanje bungeza izimbongi nabacabangi abakhululekile ukuze laba bantu banikeze umbono ocacile weqiniso futhi bafundise ukuthi yini engenzeka esikhathini esizayo.
Mayelana namasu asetshenziswa abadwebi kwezobuciko besimanje, bayoba nekhono lokuhumusha lokho okwenzeka empeleni, bakulungisele umsebenzi wabo wobuciko noma baveze imicabango yabo ngokungaphumuli nokunganeliseki.
Nakuba ubuciko besimanje busekelwe ukuze iciko lithwebule emsebenzini walo wobuciko inkululeko ayizwayo. Kodwa ngaphandle kokweqa nokubeka uchungechunge lokweqisa emsebenzini wobuciko osukela kokudala kakhulu kuye kokulula. Nokho, ngokugcwalisa umsebenzi wobuciko ngokweqisa, ochwepheshe abaningi baye bawubiza ngokuthi ubuciko obuwohlokayo.
Abaculi abaningi abaye bavikela iminyakazo yobuciko ehlukene baye baqinisekisa ukuthi uma imisebenzi yobuciko besimanje ikhokhiswa kakhulu ingabangela ukungakhululeki kubabukeli abafike beyifanelekele njengemisebenzi yokunambitheka okubi kakhulu.
Ukunyakaza kwe-Avant-garde ku-Contemporary Art
Ezobuciko besimanje, abaculi bebehlale befuna amasu nezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokwenza umsebenzi wobuciko odonsa ukunaka kwababukeli, okhombisa iqiniso noma ubuhlakani bomculi, yingakho iciko lixuba amasu okunyakaza okuhlukahlukene. ezobuciko ukuze uthole okungcono kakhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela sihlanganise umsebenzi wobuciko osebenzayo njengobuciko besimanje ngale ndlela sizochaza imiqondo yokunyakaza okuhlukahlukene kwe-avant-garde ekhona phakathi kwethu okukhona:
I-Impressionism: kulo mnyakazo sifuna ukwazisa izimo zengqondo ezivezwa yingcweti ngemibala eqinile futhi enodlame kodwa enencazelo eminingi engokomfanekiso ukuze ivuse isithakazelo sombukeli.
I-Fauvism: Ibonakala ngokuthi umdwebi ushintsha amathoni emvelo futhi usebenzise imibala eqinile kakhulu futhi ukushaywa emdwebeni kumakwe kakhulu ukuze kugcizelelwe ezingxenyeni zomsebenzi.
I-Futurism: ku-futurism umdwebi uzama ukwengeza emsebenzini wobuciko uhlobo oluthile lokunyakaza noma isivinini ngemigqa nezithombe ukuze umsebenzi wobuciko ube nokunyakaza okunesigqi uma ubhekwa umphakathi.
I-cubism: le nhlangano yobuciko iye yaqashelwa ngoba amaciko asebenzise izinhlangothi ezimbili emsebenzini wobuciko ngokwengeza izindawo eziyisicaba. Ngale ndlela, ufuna ukubola kwezimo zejometri ukuze anikeze umsebenzi umuzwa wokujula nokunyakaza.
I-Dadaism. Kuyinhlangano eyazalwa njengendlela yokubhikisha ukubhekana nemithetho ebekwe phezu kwemisebenzi yobuciko eyahlukene kwezobuhle. Njengoba le nhlangano ifuna ukumela inkululeko nobuciko bomculi. Esinye sezimiso zakhe ukuketula ukucabanga nokubeka imiqondo engabonakali kubuciko besimanje.
I-Neoplasticism: Isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwemigqa eqondile ukuze kukhawulwe izibalo zejiyomethri, kusetshenziswa imibala eyinhloko kanye nezinhlangothi ezimbili ukuveza ubumsulwa namandla obuciko besimanje.
I-surrealism: Lo mnyakazo wobuciko ugxile ekudluleleni ngale kweqiniso ngokusebenzisa ingqondo yeciko ukuze akhe umsebenzi wobuciko odonsa ukunaka komphakathi obukayo.
I-Constructivism: Lokhu kunyakaza kwazalelwa eRussia, kwase kuqala ukusabalala kulo lonke izwekazi laseYurophu futhi kubonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwezibalo zejometri ezichazwe kahle kakhulu futhi ezichazwe emsebenzini wobuciko ngokusetshenziswa kwemibala eminingi.
Izigaba ze-Contemporary Art.
Ubuciko bunemvelaphi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, kodwa ngokunyakaza okuhlukahlukene kobuciko buye badlula ezigabeni ezimbalwa eziholele ekuvezeni amaqiniso amaningi nokudalwa kwamaciko, phakathi kwawo sinalokhu okulandelayo:
I-Informalism: lesi sigaba siqondwa kusukela onyakeni we-1945 kuya onyakeni we-1960, senzeka ngokuhambisana nokunyakaza kwe-expressionist e-United States, futhi sigxile kwezobuciko obungabonakali, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo imisinga yobuciko eminingi ihlukaniswa njenge-lyrical abstraction, indaba yokudweba.
I-pop: kusukela ngo-1960 kuya ku-1975 futhi isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zamasiko adumile njengezikhangiso nezincwadi zamahlaya. Ize yaba nomthelela emhlabeni wesinema ngokugxila ekufuneni ibhanal ngokusebenzisa indida.
I-Deconstruction kanye ne-Postmodernity: Ibonakala ngokuphikisana nobuciko besimanje futhi izama ukwenza isithombe somphakathi wanamuhla. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo uyayichitha yonke iminyakazo yezobuciko kwazise uthatha ngokuthi yonke le minyaka ayiphumelelanga kwazise ubuciko bukhuluma ngobuciko bubodwa ngaphandle kokuthi kube wumsebenzi womphakathi.
Uma uthole lesi sihloko sobuciko besimanje sibalulekile, ngikumema ukuthi uvakashele izixhumanisi ezilandelayo: