Ngikumema ukuthi uhlangane nabambalwa izinganekwane zaseGibhithe, lapho kugqama khona isiko laseGibhithe, umphakathi owakhiwa ezikhathini zasendulo futhi namuhla unolwazi oluningi olushiyelwe isintu. Umphakathi wase-Egypt uqala ngesikhathi se-Neolithic futhi eminyakeni edlule ube nezindaba eziningi nezinganekwane eziye zayiguqula yaba isiko lenganekwane abantu abaningi abalithanda kakhulu. Qhubeka ufunda futhi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezinganekwane zaseGibhithe!
izinganekwane zaseGibhithe
Impucuko yaseGibhithe ingenye yamasiko angewona aseYurophu eye yavusa izimanga nezithakazelo eziningi kubantu bomhlaba ngenxa yezinganekwane zayo zaseGibhithe, njengoba bekuyimpucuko yezwe lasendulo elinezinganekwane ezinkulu zezinganekwane eziye zakhuthazela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Yingakho izinganekwane zaseGibhithe, njengoba isikhathi sihamba, ziye zaguqulwa zaba iqoqo lezinkolelo eziye zazuza ukubaluleka okukhulu nokuthakazelisa phakathi kwezindawo ezizungeze uLwandle iMedithera namanye amazwe. Njengoba iGibhithe izwe loFaro kanye nezidumbu ezazinombuso omkhulu, lijabulela izinganekwane eziningi zaseGibhithe eziye zazama ukunikeza incazelo nombono wezwe.
Kungakho kuso sonke lesi sihloko sizokutshela izinganekwane zaseGibhithe eziyinhloko ezizama ukuchaza umbono wezwe ngokwabaseGibhithe. Ukuhlola kancane ngesiko abantu baseGibhithe abakhe phezu kwalo ukuze bakhe umbuso onamandla emhlabeni wasendulo.
Inganekwane Yokudalwa Kwezwe
Enye yezinganekwane zaseGibhithe ezihlobene kakhulu yileyo yokudalwa komhlaba, kuthiwa ekuqaleni kwesikhathi kwakukhona izixuku ezinkulu kuphela zamanzi amnyama ayembozwe ngokuphelele ubumnyama obumnyama. Kodwa lobu bumnyama abuzange bufane nobusuku, ngoba babungakadalwa. Konke lokho kwakuwulwandle olungapheli abaseGibhithe ababelwazi njengolwandle lwakudala iNun.
Lolu lwandle olungapheli luqukethe ngaphakathi kwalo zonke izakhi ze-cosmos. Kodwa njengoba konke kuhlangene umhlaba nesibhakabhaka kwakungakabi khona. Ngendlela efanayo kwakungekho nkulunkulu noma abantu. Kwakungekho ukuphila noma ukufa, umoya wezwe wawuhlakazekile futhi uzulazula esiphithiphithini esikhulu.
Kwaze kwaba ngesinye isikhathi umoya wezwe uzibiza ngokuthi uyaqaphela futhi ngalendlela kwazalwa uNkulunkulu wokuqala waseGibhithe, owaziwa ngokuthi uNkulunkulu uRa. Lapho uNkulunkulu uRa ezizwa eyedwa emhlabeni, wanquma ukudala uShu, uNkulunkulu womoya, ngomoya wakhe.
Ngemuva kwamathe akhe wanquma ukudala uTefnut ozoba unkulunkulukazi ohlanganisa umswakama futhi wabayala ukuthi bahlale olwandle oluyinqaba kakhulu iNun. Khona-ke uNkulunkulu uRa wabangela ukuba kuphume indawo eyomile enkulu olwandle ukuze aphumule kuleyo ndawo, uNkulunkulu uRa wayibiza ngokuthi Umhlaba.
Lowo Mhlaba uNkulunkulu awenza wavela waqanjwa ngokuthi iGibhithe futhi lapho uphuma emanzini olwandle lwakudala, uNun waphila ngenxa yamanzi. Ngalendlela uNkulunkulu uRa wanquma ukuthi lawo manzi asemhlabeni, kwazalwa kanjalo uMfula iNayile omkhulu.
Ngale ndlela uNkulunkulu uRa wayedala izinto eziningi phakathi kwezinto eziyinhloko kwakuwuhlaza nazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ayezenza ngeNun ngale ndlela uNkulunkulu uRa wayegcwalisa ubuze obukhona eMhlabeni. Ngesikhathi kwenzeka konke lokhu, uShu noTefnut babengabazala bamadodana amabili okwakuthiwa uGeb, owayezoba uNkulunkulu Womhlaba, noNut, owayezoba unkulunkulukazi wesibhakabhaka.
Ngemva kokukhula koGeb noNuts bashada, ngale ndlela izulu lalala emhlabeni lihlanganyela naye uNkulunkulu womhlaba. UShu owayenomona ngalesi simo wanquma ukubaqalekisa wabe esebahlukanisa ngokubamba isibhakabhaka ekhanda nasemahlombe, kuyilapho esebenzisa izinyawo zakhe ukubamba umhlaba.
Kukhona enye inguqulo yalezi zinganekwane zaseGibhithe lapho uGeb noNut, behlezi bendawonye, sasingekho isikhala sokuba uNkulunkulu uRa aqhubeke nokwenza indalo yakhe, yingakho acela uShu ukuba ahlukanise izingane zakhe. Ngale ndlela uShu usekela uNut ekhanda nasemahlombe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi umoya uhlala phakathi kwesibhakabhaka noMhlaba. Kodwa wayengenakumvumela uNut ukuba abe namadodakazi ayeyizinkanyezi, ngaleyo ndlela ebangela uphahla lwasezulwini.
Unkulunkulu uRa wayengenalo ulwazi lokuthi kwenzekani ngoGeb noNut, ngakho wathumela elinye lamehlo akhe ukuba afune uShu noTefnut ukuze bamtshele ukuthi kwenzakalani. Kodwa lelo liso alizange likuthole elalikufuna. Yingakho anquma ukuphindela ukuyobheka uNkulunkulu uRa.
Lapho leli hlo libuyela lapho uNkulunkulu uRa ekhona, wabona ukuthi kwazalwa elinye iso futhi leli lathatha indawo yalo. Leli hlo laba lusizi kakhulu laqala nokukhala. UNkulunkulu waze wakubeka ebunzini lakhe, kwadalwa ngale ndlela iLanga, kusukela ezinyembezini eziphuma iso, zawela emhlabeni futhi kusukela lapho kwazalwa amadoda nabesifazane bokuqala, ababehlala eGibhithe.
Njalo ekuseni uNkulunkulu u-Amun Ra wayehamba esibhakabhakeni egibele isikebhe esasihamba phezu kukaNtikazikazikazi. Njengoba yasibekela umkhathi owahlukanisa amanzi omkhathi namanzi akwalasha. Leso sikebhe uNkulunkulu u-Amun Ra ahamba ngaso esibhakabhakeni eziyisa elangeni sakhanyisa umkhathi wonke ngesikhathi esingamahora ayishumi nambili abenziwe abaseGibhithe.
Ebusuku unkulunkulukazi uNuts wagwinya ilanga, kodwa lalizophinde lizalwe ekuseni ngale ndlela uNkulunkulu uRa waqhubeka nendlela yakhe edabula iDuat, elilingana nesihogo saseGibhithe. Lapho uNkulunkulu uRa kwakudingeka awele khona ngeminyango eyishumi nambili, owodwa ngehora ngalinye ebusuku, le minyango ngayinye yayigadiwe inyoka eyayiyisitha sikaNkulunkulu uRa, owayebizwa ngokuthi u-Apep noma u-Apophis ngolimi lwesiGreki.
Injongo yenyoka kwakuwukuqeda ilanga nokuhleleka kwendawo yonke uma iwela iDuat, kodwa ilanga lalihlala ligwinya Nut futhi ngakusasa ekuseni uyohlala ezalwa kabusha futhi ngale ndlela uNkulunkulu u-Amun Ra wahamba ngomkhumbi esibhakabhakeni. amanye amahora ayishumi nambili enikeza kanjalo ekuzalweni kosuku olusha.
Inganekwane kaSinuhe
Ingenye yezinganekwane zaseGibhithe ezitholakala zibhalwe ezimbili ze-papyri yaseBerlin njengoba iqukethe izingcezu ezimbalwa zendaba, eyatholwa futhi yaqedwa isazi saseGibhithe uFrançois Chabás ngonyaka we-1863. izinganekwane kwamanye ama-papyri nasezindengezini ezihlukahlukene ezingamagobolondo.
Ukuba enye yezinganekwane zaseGibhithe ezivelele kusukela inganekwane itshela ukuthi uSinuhé wayengumgcinimafa wenkosi yaseGibhithe Eliphansi. Futhi wayengumngane omkhulu kanye nomphathi oyisibonelo wezindawo zenkosi futhi enolwazi lweqiniso lwenkosi. U-Sinuhé weza ukuzosho lesi sisho:
“Mina ngingumngane olandela inkosi yakhe. Inceku endlini yamakhosikazi yenkosi ehloniphekile indlalifa yomusa omkhulu inkosikazi yenkosi uSenusret eJenemsut; Indodakazi yenkosi u-Amenemhat, uNeferu, ohlonishwe kakhulu."
Indaba ixoxwa kumuntu wokuqala lapho kuboniswa khona umbala wesimo kanye nezincazelo zazo zonke izindawo, amasiko kanye nabantu baseGibhithe ngaleso sikhathi.
Yingakho umlingiswa oyinhloko uSinuhé ezotshela okwenzeka kuye, ukuthi angene ezinhlelweni ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwesigodlo noma esinye isandulela senganekwane yaseGibhithe yangaphandle. Njengoba uSinuhé ethunyelwa ukwazisa indodana yenkosi ebulewe, ebizwa ngokuthi uSesostris, owayelwa namaLibya, mayelana nezindaba.
Kodwa izithunywa zifika kuqala endodaneni yenkosi. Ngenkathi uSinuhé ecashile ukuze ezwe ukuthi isithunywa sithini endodaneni yenkosi. Uyabona ukuthi inkosi yabulawa ngemiyalo eyakhishwa indodana yenkosi, ukuze ithathe isihlalo sobukhosi.
USinuhé, esaba kakhulu ngalokho akwaziyo, ushiya ethukile, njengoba ekholelwa ukuthi ngenxa yokungasitholi itulo wayezojeziswa, unquma ukubalekela eGibhithe futhi athathe umgwaqo oya eRetenu, okwamanje iSiriya.
Ngemva kwezinsuku eziningi ehamba elambile futhi omile, watholwa futhi ezungezwe amaBedouin, amnika usizo, indawo yokuhlala nokudla. Inkosi yamaBedouin eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-Amanuense, yacela ukuhlala ngemva kokuba uSinuhé echaze konke okwenzeka kuye.
Inkosi yamnika isandla sendodakazi yakhe, uSinuhé ashada nayo futhi waba nezingane ezimbili. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, yayinezandiso eziningi zomhlaba. Ngalokho uSinuhe wazuza udumo nodumo. Wabuye waqashelwa njengeqhawe elikhulu njengoba omunye wojenene beNkosi u-Amunenshi wambekela inselele emncintiswaneni futhi wanqoba ngenxa yobuhlakani bakhe.
Kodwa isikhathi sasihamba futhi uSinuhé wazizwa edangele njengoba elangazelela izwe lakubo laseGibhithe. Njalo ebusuku uSinuhe wayethandaza ukuze akwazi ukubuyela ezweni lakubo njengoba esekhulile futhi efuna ukufela khona. Ngenkathi iseGibhithe inkosi kwakunguSesostris I, indodana endala kafaro owabulawa. Kodwa wayezithole esempini nabafowabo ukuze alondoloze amandla.
Lapho uFaro omusha ehlala esihlalweni sobukhosi, waziswa ngesimo uSinuhé ayenaso, owayeyindoda ethenjwa kakhulu enkosini eyabulawa. UFaro omusha wathumela ukuba amtshele ukuthi angabuya ngoba uyaziwa ukuthi umsulwa.
USinuhé, ejabule kakhulu, wanquma ukuhlanganyela iwayini lakhe nabantu futhi abuyele eGibhithe ukuze amukelwe uFaro omusha. UFaro wamamukela ngenjabulo uSinuhé futhi wamenza umeluleki wakhe, wamnika indlu enhle kakhulu ukuba ahlale nomkhaya wakhe. Ngendlela efanayo, wamnika isikhundla embuthanweni wamalungu omndeni wasebukhosini.
I-Legend of Sinuhé ingenye yezinganekwane zaseGibhithe lapho sitshelwa khona ngalokho okungenzeka uma kukhona ukwesaba ukwahlulela nokusola kanye nesifiso sokubuyela ezweni lakubo, nakuba uSinuhé wakwazi ukusebenza isikhathi eside noFaro omusha futhi. wafeza isifiso sakhe sokufela ezweni lakubo ngenkazimulo nodumo.
Inganekwane kaIsis kanye nawofezela abayisikhombisa
Ukuba ngenye yezinganekwane zaseGibhithe ezavela zibhalwe eStela Metternich, etafuleni elatholakala ngonyaka we-1828 e-Alexandria. Njengamanje leli thebula liseMetropolitan Museum yaseNew York.
Ukuba enye yezinganekwane zaseGibhithe lapho kuxoxwa khona izindinganiso zokuzizwa, ububele, inhlonipho nokubonga, okuyizici eziningana ezihlala zikhona kuzo zonke izinganekwane zaseGibhithe, kuyinganekwane ka-Isis kanye nofezela abayisikhombisa.
Kule nganekwane yaseGibhithe kuthiwa uNkulunkulu uSeth umfowabo kaNkulunkulu u-Osiris wayenomona omkhulu ngaye njengoba uNkulunkulu u-Osiris eshada noZinkulukazi u-Isis owayengumbusi waseGibhithe. Unkulunkulukazi u-Isis wayenendodana nonkulunkulu u-Osiris ogama lakhe linguHorus. Kodwa njengoba uNkulunkulu uSeti wayemzonda kakhulu uNkulunkulu u-Osiris, wayefuna ukuqeda injabulo yakhe.
Ngalokho wanquma ukwenza izinhlelo zokuhlukanisa lo mndeni. Nakuba unkulunkulukazi u-Isis nendodana yakhe uHorus bacasha, batholwa uNkulunkulu uSeti owabathumba futhi wababopha.
UNkulunkulu waseGibhithe Wokuhlakanipha Nobulungisa uToth wenza isinqumo esiqinile sokusiza uNkulunkulu u-Isis nendodana yakhe futhi wathumela ofezela bomlingo abayisikhombisa ababenamagama kaTefen, Befen, Mestat, Matet, Petet, Mestefef noTetet. Lezi zilwane eziyimilingo zazinenjongo enkulu yokuzivikela ebubini.
Unkulunkulukazi u-Isis nendodana yakhe bakwazile ukuphunyuka lapho bebevalelwe khona babaleka kanye nofezela abayisikhombisa bemilingo. Nakuba kwakudingeka bahambe ibanga elide ukuze bafike edolobheni lasePer-sui. Bafika lapho bahlangana nowesifazane ogama lakhe lingu-Usert.
Lapho ebona lona wesifazane endlini yakhe enkulu, unkulunkulukazi u-Isis wahamba wayomcela usizo. Kodwa owesifazane ebona ofezela abayisikhombisa. Watshela unkulunkulukazi u-Isis ukuthi wayengenakumsiza futhi wenqaba ukungena kwakhe endlini yakhe. Njengoba intokazi yayisaba ofezela abayisikhombisa.
Ngemva kwaleso senzakalo, unkulunkulukazi u-Isis kanye nendodana yakhe uHorus kwadingeka baqhubeke behamba, baze ekugcineni bathole inkosikazi empofu kakhulu, eyabanika indawo yokukhosela nokudla endlini yakhe naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi bathwala ofezela abayisikhombisa bemilingo. Unkulunkulukazi kanye nendodana yakhe bathola lolo sizo olukhulu entokazini empofu futhi bephephile.
Ama-scorpions anquma ukuziphindiselela ngalokho uNksz Usert akwenza, okwakuwukuphika u-Goddess Isis nendodana yakhe ukungena endlini yakhe. Ngakho-ke, ebusuku, ama-scorpions omlingo ahlanganisa bonke ubuthi emsila we-scorpion yemilingo okuthiwa iTefen. Lokhu kunyonyobela endlini yentokazi ecebile yahlaba indodana yayo.
Lokhu kwadala ukuthi indodana yakhe ibelesele yaze yashona ngenxa yobuthi eyayinabo emzimbeni, ngendlela efanayo nofezela babhula umlilo omkhulu endlini kaNkk Urset.
UNkk Usert wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngento ahlangabezane nayo kwaze kwadingeka ukuthi aphume ayofuna usizo ukuze indodana yakhe ingabulawa wukufa kofezela. Kwaze kwanzima uNkz Usert ecela usizo endodaneni yakhe, zaze zafinyelela ezindlebeni zeNkosikazi u-Isis, owabona ukuthi ingane ayinalo iphutha kulokho okwenziwa ngunina, wayala ukuba kuphume ushevu emzimbeni wengane. ngosizo lomlingo wakhe. Uphinde wathi makuvulwe umgodi esibhakabhakeni kuwele amanzi endlini ukuze kucishwe umlilo.
Indodana kaNkk Usert yalulama ngokushesha kulokho eyayinakho, owesifazane owabonga kakhulu futhi ezisola ngalokho ayekwenzile ngaphambili wamnika yonke inhlanhla owesifazane ompofu owayesize unkulunkulukazi u-Isis nendodana yakhe uHorus.
Ibutho Elilahlekile laseCambyses II
Ibutho elilahlekile likaCambyses II lingenye yezinganekwane zaseGibhithe ezibangele uzungu olukhulu phakathi kwabantu, ngoba linganyamalala kanjani ibutho lamasosha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50 oGwadule LwaseSahara ngaphandle kokushiya noma yimuphi umkhondo. Kuthiwa le nganekwane yaseGibhithe yenzeka ngonyaka ka-524 BC lapho inkosi yasePheresiya uCambyses II yayinenjongo yokukhulisa umbuso wayo futhi inenjongo yokuhlasela idolobha laseThebes, okwamanje eliyidolobha laseLuxor, eGibhithe. Ngenhloso eqinile yokugoba i-Oracle kaNkulunkulu uRa.
I-Oracle yayiseSiwa Oasis, ngalo mkhankaso omkhulu iNkosi uCambyses II yenza isinqumo sokuthutha amasosha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-50 kodwa indaba ithi uGwadule lwawagwinya.
Indaba iqala lapho iNkosi uCambyses II yasePheresiya ihlose ukunqoba iGibhithe. Kodwa i-Oracle kaSiwa yayivele ibikezele ukuthi uma umuntu ezama ukunqoba indawo yaseGibhithe uzolahlwa. INkosi yasePheresiya yenza isinqumo sokuhola amasosha ayo ayizinkulungwane ezingu-50 oGwadule LwaseSahara. Ukuze anqobe futhi abhubhise i-Oracle yeSiwa.
Kodwa ibutho alizange lifike eGibhithe, njengoba lanyamalala lapho linqamula uGwadule LwaseSahara. Nakuba kukhona enye inguqulo etshelwa ama-djinns asogwadule ukuthi lawo masosha aguqulwa aba amatshe angavamile angabonakala kude nogwadule olumhlophe. Ngenkathi eminye imithombo ithi isiphepho esikhulu sesihlabathi sibangele ukunyamalala kwakhe.
UFaro Djoser kanye nozamcolo weNayile
Umfula iNayile ubulokhu uwumthombo wokuqala wamanzi nokuphila endaweni yaseGibhithe, njengoba unikeza amanzi amaningi ahlanzekile kulelo zwe. Ngale ndlela, noma yikuphi ukuguquguquka noma ushintsho olwenziwayo lungabangela ukuntuleka kwamanzi futhi lokhu kungaba yingozi enkulu esifundeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izikhukhula uMfula iNayile onazo zamukelwa kahle kakhulu abantu baseGibhithe.
Inganekwane ithi uFaro Dyoser wayehlezi esihlalweni sakhe edabuke kakhulu, ethule futhi edangele, njengoba abantu bakhe base behlazekile njengoba kwase kudlule iminyaka eyisikhombisa futhi ukukhukhula koMfula iNayile kwakunganele kubantu.
Amanzi ayenganeli ukunisela insimu elinywayo kanti neziqiwi ezisezibayeni zase ziphela futhi lokhu kwakungabavumeli abantu ukuba bazidlise ngendlela engcono kakhulu.
Izinyanga zazidlula futhi uFaro Dyoser wayecindezeleke nakakhulu. Abantu babengenakudla. Abafokazana babuka ngokudabukisayo emasimini omile kanti izalukazi sezivele zaphela amandla izingane zikhala ngendlala. Ngisho neminikelo eyenzelwa onkulunkulu kwakumele iyekwe ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla.
UFaro wanquma ukucela usizo kundunankulu kanye nomngane u-Impoteh owayengudokotela, umdwebi wezakhiwo, isazi sezinkanyezi kanye nomlingo omkhulu. UFaro waya kumngane wakhe wathi:
"Izwe lethu libhekene nesimo esinzima - kusho inkosi ikhuluma ne-Imhotep -. Uma singasitholi isisombululo sizolamba. Kumelwe sisheshe futhi sithole lapho iNayile izalelwa khona ukuze sazi ukuthi yimaphi amandla kaNkulunkulu abangela ukuphakama kwamanzi "
Undunankulu wahamba efuna impendulo eya edolobheni laseHeliopolis, kwakukhona ithempeli laseThoth. Wayaziwa ngokuthi unguNkulunkulu wokuhlakanipha nomvikeli wababhali. Lapho umthakathi omkhulu wazinikela ekubuzeni ezincwadini ezazinolwazi ngokukhukhula komfula iNayile futhi ngemva kokuba eseqoqe konke ayengakwenza, wabuyela esigodlweni sikaFaro ukuze amtshele lokho ayekutholile.
Lokhu kwabonisa kuFaro ukuthi uMfula iNayile wazalelwa esiqhingini sase-Elephantine futhi wawuphakathi kwemigede emibili. Ukuthi ukukhanya okwaveza zonke izidalwa eziphilayo emhlabeni kwavela lapho. Le migede yayigadwe uNkulunkulu uJnum. Lo nkulunkulu umelelwa ngomzimba womuntu kanye nenhloko yenqama futhi ubhekwa njengomdali weqanda lokuqala okwavela kulo ukukhanya kwelanga.
Unkulunkulu uJnum wayebambe imisele yamanzi yoMfula iNayile, ngakho uFaro Dyoser wanquma ukuya kuleso siqhingi ayothandaza kunkulunkulu uJnum, kodwa wasala engenazimpendulo kwaze kwaba yilapho enqotshwa ubuthongo futhi wazumeka. UFaro waphupha lapho uNkulunkulu uJnum ebonakala kuye futhi wambuza ukuthi kungani edabuke kangaka.
UFaro wamtshela ukuthi ukhathazekile ngoba abantu bakhe baswele amanzi nokudla. Unkulunkulu uKhnum waphendula ngokuthi uthukuthele ngoba ayengakakhiwa amathempeli anele nakuba ayenikeze izipho nezinto ezihlukahlukene.
Ngemva kokuba uNkulunkulu jnum esho lokhu kuFaro, wanquma ukuvula iminyango yamanzi oMfula iNayile, owawulele njengenyoka ngaphansi kwezimbadada zakhe. UFaro wasuka esiqhingini sendlovu wenza lesi sithembiso:
"Umakhi wami oyingcweti u-Imhotep uzokwakha ithempeli lakho esiqhingini semvelaphi yomhlaba futhi indawo yakho engcwele iyoyiqapha kuze kube phakade imfihlo yesikhukhula seNayile"
Lapho uFaro Djoser ephaphama ebuthongweni, wabona ukuthi amanzi oMfula iNayile ayanda futhi ukugeleza kwawo kukhuphukile. Ezinyaweni zikaFaro kwakukhona isibhebhe esinomthandazo onikezelwe kuNkulunkulu ujnum owawuzoqoshwa kamuva emathempelini akhiwa egameni lakhe, njengoba kwakuthenjisiwe ufaro Dyoser.
Igama eliyimfihlo lika-Ra
Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zezinganekwane zaseGibhithe kwakuwukubaluleka okukhulu kwamagama, ngoba ngokwezinkolelo zabantu baseGibhithe, babemnika amandla amakhulu umuntu owayebizwa ngalelo gama futhi babenza bazi ukuthi lowo muntu unjani.
Yingakho-ke lapho ezalwa umuntu kufanele aqanjwe amagama amathathu emntwaneni, kodwa linye kuphela igama elabelwa ngalo emphakathini. Enye yezinganekwane zaseGibhithe kulesi sihloko ihloswe ngokunembile ukutshela mayelana negama eliyimfihlo lonkulunkulu abakhulu baseGibhithe: Ra.
Kutshelwa kule nganekwane yaseGibhithe eyaziwa kakhulu ukuthi ngesikhathi uNkulunkulu omdala uRa eqala ukulahlekelwa amandla akhe namandla akhe futhi abanye onkulunkulu babefisa ukuba namandla akhe.
UNkulunkulu uRa wayenamagama amaningi. Kodwa kwakukhona igama elalingaziwa muntu futhi kuleli gama uNkulunkulu uRa wakhipha iningi lamandla akhe obunkulunkulu. Yingakho uNkulunkulukazikazi u-Isis wayefuna ukwazi lelo gama elifihliwe likaNkulunkulu u-Ra ukuze anikeze isihlalo sobukhosi namandla amakhulu nezipho kundodana yakhe yesikhathi esizayo okuthiwa uHorus.
Unkulunkulukazi u-Isis onokuhlakanipha okukhulu wahlela uhlelo lokukwazi ukwazi igama elifihliwe likaNkulunkulu uRa. Ukuze enze lokhu, waqala ukuqoqa amathe e-effluvia kaNkulunkulu u-Ra futhi awaxube nomhlaba, ngale ndlela unkulunkulukazi u-Isis wazala izimfezi zokuqala. Ngemva kwalokhu wajikijela lezo zilwane lapho kwahamba khona uNkulunkulu uRa.
Enye yalezo zimfezi eyajikijelwa unkulunkulukazi u-Isis emgwaqeni yakwazi ukuluma uNkulunkulu uRa futhi yagula kakhulu. Unkulunkulukazi u-Isis wathembisa ukumnakekela futhi amphulukise ukuze amtshele ukuthi laliyini igama lakhe langempela elifihliwe. UNkulunkulu uRa wanquma ukwamukela isiphakamiso esinjalo ngombandela kuphela wokuthi u-Isis unkulunkulukazi ngeke ambule kunoma ubani omunye, kuphela indodana yakhe yesikhathi esizayo okuthiwa uHorus.
Lokhu kwakuyinto eyamukelwa unkulunkulukazi u-Isis ngendlela enhle. Khona-ke unkulunkulukazi u-Isis wenza ubuthi buphuma emzimbeni kaNkulunkulu u-Ra futhi wakwazi ukubuyisela isimo sakhe sempilo esiphezulu.
Njengoba eseluleme ngokugcwele kuNkulunkulu uRa, wakwazi ukwabelana ngegama noNkulunkulukazi u-Isis kanye nendodana yakhe yesikhathi esizayo uHorus. Ukumnika amandla amakhulu kanye nesihlalo sobukhosi esizayo saseGibhithe.
AmaHathor ayisikhombisa
Unkulunkulu uHathor uyaziwa ngesiko laseGibhithe njengonkulunkulukazi wenjabulo nothando futhi umelelwa njengenkomo enkulu yasezulwini eveza umhlaba nakho konke okukhona emhlabeni. Unkulunkulukazi uHathor wayenamadodakazi ayisikhombisa ayaziwa ngokuthi ama-hathores, kwakungonkulunkulukazi ababevela njalo uma umbhangqwana ubelethe ingane futhi yibo abaphethe ukumemezela isiphetho somntwana nesabazali.
Kuthiwa ingenye yezinganekwane zakudala zaseGibhithe lapho uFaro nomkakhe bengakwazi ukuthola abantwana. Kungakho lona wesifazane wadabuka kakhulu futhi uFaro wathandaza konkulunkulu ukuba bamnikeze ithuba lokukhulelisa umkakhe futhi ngaleyo ndlela abe nendodana.
Kwaze kwafika usuku futhi ngomlingo imikhuleko kafaro ayeyenzela onkulunkulu, wakhulelwa unkosikazi. Kanjalo ukuzala ingane enhle. Phakathi kwenjabulo nemikhosi ebigujwa ukuzalwa komntwana, amahhoko ayisikhombisa abonakale ekwazile ukumemezela isiphetho sendodana kaFaro kanye nabanye abantu abebekule ndawo ebiyelwe.
Lapho amahathore ayisikhombisa ememezela isiphetho sendodana kaFaro, ayizange ikuthande lokho onkulunkulukazi ababekumemezele. Njengoba kwakulotshiwe ukuthi isiphetho sendodana kaFaro kuyoba ukufa futhi iyofela ezandleni zenja, noma ingwenya noma inyoka.
UFaro, ukuze avikele ukuphila kwendodana yakhe okuwukuphela kwayo, wamyala ukuba akhe isigodlo phakathi nogwadule futhi ngaleyo ndlela afihle indodana yakhe esiphethweni sayo esibi. Isigodlo sasiqhelile futhi sihlukanisiwe nakho konke futhi kungekho ndlela yokungena kuyo.
Ngale ndlela, indodana kaFaro yachitha bonke ubuntwana bayo ivalelwe kuleso sigodlo esasifihlwe phakathi kwezindunduma nezindonga zemabula eyayakhiwe ngazo. Kodwa indodana yahlubuka ngoba yayifuna ukwazi izwe kwathi ngelinye ilanga isikhathele isizungu esingaka, uFaro wathi uyise akamnike inja.
Nakuba uyise engazange amtshele izikhathi eziningana ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthi isiprofetho samahathor ayisikhombisa sasiyogcwaliseka. Nakuba uFaro ngemva kokucabanga ngakho izinsuku ezimbalwa wathi inja engenabungozi ngeke ilimaze. Yingakho amnikeza umdlwane omuhle.
Ngale ndlela, isikhathi sahamba futhi inkosana encane yazizwa icindezelekile esigodlweni, esasifana nejele legolide. Yingakho inkosana yanquma ukweqa esigodlweni nenja yayo. Wathi efika edolobheni waqaphela ukuthi kunenkosazana enhle evalelwe embhoshongweni. Ubaba wakhe wayemvalele kule ndawo ukuze aqhelelane nabo bonke abakhongi.
Yilowo kuphela owayengafinyelela esiqongweni sombhoshongo ngokugxuma okukodwa okukhulu owayengaba nenjabulo yokushada nenkosazana. Inkosana encane yaziqinisa futhi yanquma ukunqoba inselele eyayihlongozwa ngemva kwemizamo eminingana engaphumelelanga yakwazi ukunqoba le nselele futhi yafinyelela phezulu kombhoshongo. Uyise wenkosazana owayedinwe ecasulwa ukuba khona kwale nsizwa wavuma ukushada nendodakazi yakhe enhle.
Ngemva kokuba sebeshadile ebusuku, inkosana encane yavuma kumkakhe omuhle ukuthi wayengubani nokuthi sasiyini isizathu sokuthunjwa kwakhe kanye nesiphetho ama-hathores ayisikhombisa ayesibikezele ngaye. Indaba le yenza inkosazana yathanda ijaha elaliyigadile likhangele ukuze lingahlaselwa yilezi zilwane ezintathu.
Ngobusuku obushisayo inkosazana encane yabona inyoka igibela embhedeni eyayihlala nenkosana encane. Wathatha induku wayishaya kanzima ekhanda inyoka, yashona khona lapho. Wabe eseyibamba wayinika inja ukuba idle.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi inja yashintsha isimo sayo yaba nobudlova kakhulu enkosana, kwaba khona into enyakazayo phakathi kwenja eyayenza yasabela ngaleyo ndlela. Kwenye yalezo ngesikhathi ehlaselwa yinja kwadingeka ukuthi agxumele emfuleni, lapho athola khona ingozi enkulu kwakukhona ingwenya enkulu kodwa isikhulile futhi ikhathele ukuyidla.
Kuthiwa ibutho likaFaro lalifuna ukumbulala ngenxa yalesi siprofetho, wabe esecela inkosana encane ukuba imsize ekubhekaneni nalolu bishi futhi imkhiphe emanzini ephila. Ngemva kokusuka emfuleni, waphinde wahlaselwa inja yakhe enobudlova nakakhulu.
Kulokhu azivikele ngokumshaya ngamandla ekhanda embulala ujuqu. Kodwa indaba ayizange iphelele lapho njengoba inyoka eyayidliwe yaphuma ngaphakathi kodwa yaluma inkosana encane yambulala ujuqu futhi ngalendlela sagcwaliseka isiphrofetho samahatho ayisikhombisa.
Ukufa kuka-Osiris
Mhlawumbe enye yezinganekwane zaseGibhithe ezaziwa kakhulu namuhla ukubulawa kukaNkulunkulu u-Osiris. Khona-ke uvuko lwakhe bese kuba ukuzalwa kwendodana yakhe uNkulunkulu Horus. Ingenye yezinganekwane zaseGibhithe ezisitshela ngezinkinga ezingase ziphakame emndenini nasekubulaleni njengethuluzi lokufeza amandla afiselekayo kanye nokungqubuzana okungakhiqizwa futhi kuholele ezixukwini eziphelele.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcXEIGnQgkg
Enganekwaneni yaseGibhithe kutshelwa ukuthi uNut, owaziwa ngokuthi unkulunkulukazi wesibhakabhaka, wayenabantwana abane, abesifazane ababili nabesilisa ababili. U-Osiris nguye owaba yiNkosi yabafileyo. Udadewabo u-Isis wayengunkulunkulukazi wenzalo. USeth owaziwa njengonkulunkulu wamandla anonya kanye no-Nephthys owaziwa ngokuthi yinkosikazi yendlu noma isivikelo.
Unkulunkulu u-Osiris waba iNkosi yeGibhithe lonke, njengombusi onomusa kakhulu futhi ogcwele ukuhlakanipha, watshela abantu bakhe ukuthi izitshalo zezolimo kufanele zenziwe kanjani. Wabuye wafundisa abantu bakhe indlela okufanele bakhulekele ngayo onkulunkulu futhi wabanika nesethi yemithetho okufanele balawule ngayo ukuphila kwabo.
Nakuba u-Osiris wayengumbusi omuhle kakhulu wayenesitha endlini yakhe futhi wenza itulo lokumbulala, lesi sitha kwakungumfowabo owaziwa ngokuthi uSeti. Ngakho umfowabo wanquma ukuzihlanganisa nabanye abantu ababenganelisekile ngo-Osiris futhi balinde ithuba lokususa u-Osiris.
Inkosi u-Osiris yanquma ukwenza idili futhi wamema umfowabo uSeti kanye nalabo bantu ukuba bazodla. Leso kwakuyithuba elihle lokubulala inkosi u-Osiris. USethi wayala ukwakha umkhumbi onamasokisi enkosi u-Osiris ncamashi, ukuze ungene kalula kuleyo ndawo. U-Osiris wazama isipho ngasinye waze wafika emkhunjini futhi wasizama.
Abakhi bozungu, bebona ukuthi iNkosi u-Osiris ihlola umkhumbi, baqala ukuphazamisa zonke izivakashi ngenkathi uSeti eqala ukubethela umkhumbi ukuze uwuvale futhi iNkosi u-Osiris yafela ngaphakathi kulowo mkhumbi.
Ngemva kokufa kuka-Osiris ngaphakathi kwebhokisi, abakhi bozungu banquma ukwethula umkhumbi eMfuleni iNayile.USeti wamemezela ukuthi umfowabo iNkosi u-Osiris ufile futhi kufanele ahlale esihlalweni sobukhosi, ngaleyo ndlela ethwesa umqhele wenkosi yaseGibhithe.
Unkulunkulukazi u-Isis ngosizo lwabanye onkulunkulu wabuyisela isidumbu sika-Osiris esasiyizicucu, lokho unkulunkulukazi u-Isis akwenza kwakuwukumcwilisa futhi esuka lapho wambuyisela ekuphileni. Ngaleso sikhathi walala nonkulunkulukazi u-Isis akhulelwa kuye owayezozala indodana yakhe uHorus.
Lapho unkulunkulu u-Osiris ebuyela ekuphileni, weza noshintsho olukhulu olwaluwukuba nguNkulunkulu wokuphila ukuze amxhumanise nonkulunkulu ohlobene nokuphila okuphakade kanye nokulondolozwa nokuqondisa kwabafileyo kwelinye izwe.
Kulokhu indodana yakhe uHorus kwadingeka ibhekane noNkulunkulu uSeti izikhathi eziningana ukuze ilwe nesihlalo sobukhosi. Lokhu kuzoletha inqwaba yezingxabano lapho uNkulunkulu uHorus ezoba umnqobi, ozothola ifa likayise.
Inganekwane yomsuka wekhalenda laseGibhithe
Ingenye yezinganekwane zaseGibhithe ezivelele kakhulu emlandweni waseGibhithe, ngoba kuthiwa ikhalenda laseGibhithe linezinsuku ezingu-360. Ngesikhathi uNkulunkulu uRa eqala ukudala umhlaba. UGeb noNut bashada ngaphandle kwemvume kankulunkulu uRa. Yingakho uNkulunkulu u-Ra ayala uShu ukuba abahlukanise ngale ndlela, kwakungathi umoya ungene phakathi koMhlaba nesibhakabhaka, ukhiphe umkhathi.
Kodwa uNut wayesekhulelwe uGeb futhi lapho ezwa lezi zindaba uNkulunkulu uRa waqalekisa uNut. Okwakuhlanganisa ukwenqabela uNut ukuthi abelethe phakathi nezinsuku ezingama-360 ezazihambisana nekhalenda laseGibhithe.
Njengoba uNut wayesekhathele kakade, wahamba wayokhuluma noNkulunkulu wokuhlakanipha, owakha isu lokuthenga isikhathi. Unkulunkulu waya kunkulunkulu wenyanga owaziwa ngokuthi uKhonsu. Ngalo nkulunkulu uqhubekile nokubheja okuningi ngesikhathi eya enyangeni futhi wawina izikhathi eziningana. Ngalokhu ukwazile ukuthola isikhathi esengeziwe sokuqeda izinsuku ezinhlanu.
Ngale ndlela kwakuwukuthi unkulunkulukazi uNut wasebenzisa lezi zinsuku ukuze akwazi ukuzala abantwana bakhe u-Osiris, uSeti, u-Isis noNephthys, u-Osiris ayezofinyelela isikhundla sikayise.
Indaba yomlimi ocikozayo
Phakathi kwezinganekwane zaseGibhithe ezaziwa kakhulu yileyo enikezelwe kubantu nakubantu abampofu, lena kwakuyindaba eyazalwa ngezikhathi zoMbuso Ophakathi.
Inganekwane yaseGibhithe isitshela inganekwane yomuntu ongumlimi owayempofu kakhulu kodwa ethembekile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo esebenza kanzima. Ubani owayenomuzi wakhe nomndeni wakhe endaweni kasawoti.
Lo mlimi wayehlale enesidingo sokushiya umuzi wakhe ukuze ayodayisa imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa epulazini lakhe. Kolunye lwalolo hambo alwenza, kwadingeka adlule endaweni lapho umphathi-mkhosi ayemnqabele khona ukuba adlule, emxwayisa ngokuthi lo mgwaqo ungowakhe.
Ngesikhathi laba ababili bexoxa ngale nkinga, izilwane ezazithutha le mikhiqizo ziqala ukudla izithelo zikaLieutenant. Lokhu kusetshenziswa u-lieutenant ukugcina lezo zilwane nezinto ezithengiswayo aziphethe.
Ngaphambi kwalesi simo, umlimi waya edolobheni Heliopolis. Kwakukhona ummeleli kafaro owaziwa ngokuthi uRensi. Umlimi uyachaza okwenzekile futhi waphikisana nesenzo senkohlakalo sikaLieutenant. Indlela umlimi abhikisha ngayo yadonsa ukunaka kommeleli kafaro owafika ezolalela umlimi owayenolimi olukhulu.
Ubulungisa bagcina benziwe lapho umlimi esekwazi ukubuyisela yonke impahla yakhe, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo konke u-lieutenant ayenakho wanikwa yena futhi waba yisigqila sakhe ngenxa yokonakala.
Uma uthole le ndatshana mayelana nezinganekwane zaseGibhithe ibalulekile, ngikumema ukuthi uvakashele izixhumanisi ezilandelayo: