Kubva kuColombia tichataura nezve boka iri rekuzvarwa, nhasi tichakuratidza kuburikidza nechinyorwa ichi chinonakidza, zvese nezve Social Organisation yeMuiscas, Mhuri kana mhuri yakakura, ine hukama nehukama hweropa. Usazvipotsa!
Sangano reSocial Organization reMuiscas rakanga rakaita sei?
Sangano remagariro evanhu reMuiscas rakabva pamhuri, iyo yaisanganisira boka revanhu vakabatana neropa. Mhuri idzi dzaiva neshe kana kuti ishe, aigona kuva muprista (ainziwo sheikh). Madzinza aimbove chikamu chedzinza, ndiko kuti, mapoka akati wandei akabatana uye akaumba boka rimwe revanhu. Sangano remagariro evanhu reMuiscas raive nemararamiro emagariro evanhu. Madzishe emadzinza, madzishe edzinza kana kuti vaprista vaiva nechinzvimbo chepamusoro-soro munzanga. Vaiteverwa nevarwi (vanonzi guechas).
Boka renzanga rinotevera raiumbwa nemhizha, vapfuri vendarama, vaumbi vehari, vashandi vomumigodhi yemunyu neyeemerald, vatengesi, uye vashandi vomumapurazi. Pakupedzisira, mune yakaderera stratum, vaiva varanda. Vakanga vari vavengi vemo vakanga vakundwa uye ipapo vakatapwa ndokumanikidzirwa kubatira mumarudzi.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti pakanga paine akawanda caciques mukati mesocial sangano reMuiscas. Avo vaiva nesimba guru vainzi Zipas naZaki uye avo vaiva nechinzvimbo chepasi vainzi maUzaki.
Social Structure yeMuiscas
Iri boka revanhu veko raive ne pyramidal social organisation, yakaumbwa nemadzishe, vapristi, varwi, vashandi vekurima, mhizha uye vatengesi, uye boka rakaderera: varanda.
Domains
VanaMuisca vakazvironga kuva madzishe. Aiva mapoka ezvematongerwo enyika aitungamirirwa nekachique, uyo aiva munhu mukuru wesangano. Miti iyi yaiperekedzwa nemasheikh, nhunzvi nevachemeri veguta. VaMuiscas vaiona madzishe ane simba zvikuru nemasheikh sevazukuru vakananga vavamwari. Madzishe nemasheikh ndivo vakapihwa simba rekupa vanhu chikafu. Kuti vaite izvi, vaiita tsika dzokukudza zvisikwa, kuvadzivirira uye kuita chero chinhu chipi zvacho chisingaoneki.
Nechikonzero ichi, macaciques (zipas kana zaques) aisakwanisa kutariswa mumaziso avo uye zvese zvavaigadzira zvaionekwa sezvitsvene. Tinotaura nezve caciques simba guru, nokuti paiva nemamwe "caciques" aitonga munharaunda (kazhinji vaiva guechas avo vainzi caciques nokuda kwezviito zvavo mukurwa). Miti iyi yainzi uzaques.
Naizvozvo, kuti guta rirambe riri pasi poutongi hwomutongi mukuru, zvakanga zvakakodzera kushandisa vasheveri vomutaundi. Vachemedzi veguta ndivo vaitungamirira kutaura kumiti yemunzvimbo iyi, vachivayeuchidza kuti vaiva nesimba guru vaiva vazukuru ava vamwari.
muzinda unoera
Paive nemahofisi makuru maviri anoera aive nesimba rechitendero, ndiwo:
-Iyo Tsvene yeTundama, iri mune yava kunzi Duitama, Paipa, Cerinza, Ocavita, Onzaga uye Soatá.
-Iyo Tsvene yeIraca, iri mune yava kunzi Busbanzá, Sogamoso, Pisba uye Toca.
Humambo hweGuatavita
Iyo Guatavita cacicazgo yakaumbwa muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX uye yaigara pakati penzvimbo inogarwa neMuiscas.
Humambo hweHunza
Humambo hweHunza hwakatanga mune yave kunzi Tunja, kanzuru mudhipatimendi reBoyaca. Madzishe ainyanya kukosha eHunza aiva: Hanzahúa, Michuá naQuemuenchatocha. Quemuenchatocha akanga ari mutungamiri akanga ari pachigaro pakasvika maSpanish, akaomerera pakuvanza pfuma yake kuti aidzivirire kubva kuSpain.
The Bacatá Chiefdom
Humambo uhwu hwakakura munzvimbo yeZipa. MaZipa makuru aiva: Meicuchuca (anonzi nevamwe vanyori venhoroondo ndiye Zipa wekutanga weZipazgo yeBacatá), Saguamanchica, Nemequene, Tisquesusa naSagipa.” Wekupedzisira aiva munun’una waTisquesusa uye akazotora chigaro choumambo pashure pokunge Tiquesusa aurayiwa nevaSpanish.
MaSheikh kana vapristi veMuisca
Vaprista veMuisca vainzi masheikh. Ava vaive nedzidzo yemakore gumi nemaviri yaitungamirwa nevakuru.
Masheikh aichengeta mitambo yose yorudzidziso ichishanda uye akanga ari rutivi rweimwe yenzvimbo dzakafanira zvikurusa dzenzanga, sezvo vaizvirangarira vamene vazukuru vavamwari kana kuti vamwari venyeredzi. Naizvozvo, mibato yose yorudzidziso yakakosheswa zvikuru.
Vapristi, kufanana nevakuru vemarudzi, ndivo vaichengeta chikamu chemutero wakaunganidzwa uye zvakasara pakukohwa.
The muisca warriors
Varwi veMuisca vaizivikanwa semaguechas. Ava ndivo vaiva nebasa rekuchengetedza nzvimbo yeMuiscas kumarudzi evavengi.
VeMuiscas vakazvironga zvematongerwo enyika uye zvekutonga kuburikidza neMuisca Confederation, iyo yaive yakaumbwa nematunhu mana: Zipazgo de Bacatá, Zacazgo de Hunza, Iraca neTundama.
Kuti ndive mumwe wemaguechas zvaisada kuve wevakuru, chaingodiwa kuratidza simba nehushingi hwavaive nahwo. Ma<em>gecha airumbidzwa nokuda kwezviito zvawo muhondo namamwe madzinza uye akawana rukudzo rukurusa.
Muisca mhizha nevashandi
Boka iri ndiro raiona nezvekugadzira mabasa emaoko, zvishongo nezvishongo zvaishandiswa neveMuiscas. Vaivawo nebasa rokushanda mumigodhi nokushanda muminda (kukohwa zvokudya zvose).
Chikwata ichi ndicho chaiita basa guru, ndosaka zvichinzi pasina ivo machinda, mapriste nevarwi havangararami.
Varanda
VaMuiscas vaigara vachirwa nemamwe marudzi. Mune rimwe nerimwe rawo, vakakunda vavengi vavo uye vakatora vakanga vasara senhapwa.
Varanda ndivo vaitarisira kuita mamwe mabasa avakanga vapiwa naMuiscas uye vaifanira kurarama maererano nemirayiro yavo.
Ko vaMuisca vakasvika sei paChigaro?
VaMuiscas vaive nemitemo yekutevedzana kwematrilineal. Nekuda kwehurongwa uhu, nhaka yakapihwa kubudikidza naamai.
Saka, vanakomana ve zaque kana zipa vakanga vasiri nguva dzose vekutanga mumutsara wekutevedzana. Kana paine murume aive baba vamai, ndiye aive nekodzero yechigaro.
Tsika nemararamiro
Zvekurima nechikafu: VaMuiscas vakagadzira nzvimbo dzekurima dzakapararira munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemamiriro ekunze. Munzvimbo imwe neimwe vaive nepekugara kwenguva pfupi, izvo zvakavabvumira kunakidzwa nezvigadzirwa zvekurima kubva kunzvimbo dzinotonhora uye dzakadzikama munguva dzakatarwa.
Iyi nzira yekurima, inonzi "microvertical model", yaiitwa zvakananga kana kuburikidza nehukama hwekuremekedza uye kuchinjana nemamwe mapoka emarudzi ayo maMuiscas akanga aiswa pasi.
Iyi modhi ingave inogadzirisa mhinduro kune zvimhingamipinyi zvezvakatipoteredza, sezvo zvirimwa zvizhinji zviri zvegore. Pamusoro pezvo, njodzi yenguva dzose yechimvuramabwe nechando, kunyangwe isingarevi kurasikirwa kwezvirimwa, inogona kukonzera kushomeka.
Chikamu chedambudziko chakagadziriswa nemhando zhinji dzembatatisi dzaivepo, uye zhinji dzemhando idzi dzaikwanisa kumira nechando mukati memwedzi mishanu kubva dzadyarwa.
Asi zvakare, nekuve nezvigadzirwa zvemhando dzakasiyana dzekupisa, vaive nekuwana kwakazara kuwana mbatatisi, mufarinya, bhinzi, mhiripiri, coca, donje, manhanga, arracacha, fique, quinoa uye tsvuku beech, kunyangwe iyo huru yekudya kwavo chiri chibage.
Sezvo vaMuiscas vakanga vasingazivi simbi, vairima ivhu nematombo kana midziyo yematanda munguva yokunaya kwemvura, apo ivhu ranyorova, naizvozvo vairangarira mwaka wokusanaya kwemvura kuva ngwavaira huru.
Mbatata, chibage uye quinoa ndizvo zvainyanya kudyiwa zvigadzirwa, zvakarungwa nemunyu, mhiripiri uye zvakasiyana siyana zvemishonga inonhuhwirira. Kaviri pagore, vanokohwa mbatatisi nechibage kamwe munyika dzinotonhora, kwaigara vanhu vakawanda.
Hazvizivikanwi kana vaishandisa dzinde rechibage rinotapira, sezvakaita zvizvarwa zvokuMexico, kana kuti uchi, uhwo hwaiva hwakawanda pamateru emakomo. Chinwiwa chakakosha cheMuiscas chaive chicha, chinwiwa chinodhaka chakaviriswa kubva muchibage.
Vaidzidzira kuvhima uye kubata hove, vapashure munzizi nemadziva emubani nemambure maduku netsanga dzavakapfuurira kugadzira kutozosvikira muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX.
Vaidyawo mapuroteni emuriwo akawanda senzungu, bhinzi necoca, uye mapuroteni emhuka akaita securi, nondo, tsuro, hove, majuru, makonye, shiri nemhuka dzesango. Vakuru veMuisca ndivo vaiona nezvekugovewa patsva kwechikafu munguva dzekushaikwa.
Munyori wenhoroondo wokuSpain Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo akataura kuti mumakore maviri okukunda kwacho, hapana kana zuva rimwe zuva zvinhu zvose zvaidiwa kuti zvipinde mumapako echiKristu zvakarasika. Anorondedzera kuti kwaiva nemazuva emhembwe zana, dzimwe zana nemakumi mashanu uye pazuva rokupedzisira nondo makumi matatu, tsuro uye sangano rinoda kuziva uye kunyange zuva remhembwe chiuru.