Ndinokukoka iwe kuti uzive zvese zvakadzama zve Mwarikadzi Hathor anozivikanwa semwanasikana wamwari weZuva Mumwe wevamwari vakakosha vechitendero cheEgypt panguva yepakati nepakati neHumambo Hutsva. Akanga ariwo amai, mudzimai, mudzimai, hanzvadzi uye ziso raRa uye Mwari Horus. Anozivikanwa zvakare samwari wemufaro, humai uye mudziviriri wevana.Ramba uchiverenga uye udzidze zvakawanda nezve mwarikadzi!!
Mwarikadzi Hathor
Mwarikadzi Hathor ndomumwe wevamwarikadzi vakuru uye mareferensi echitendero cheEgypt yekare. Ndiani aiita mabasa akasiyana-siyana uye maitiro evanhu veEgipita. Mwarikadzi Hathor ndimwari wedenga. Kuti aizivikanwa saAmai uye seshamwari yaMwari Horus uye nenzira imwecheteyo neSolar Mwari Ra.
Humwari uhu hwagara hwakabatana nehumambo hweEgypt yekare. Nokuda kweizvo Mwarikadzi Hathor ave achizivikanwa saamai vokufananidzira vavanafarao veEgipita, sezvo iye akanga ari uyo aivamirira munzvimbo yapasi. Mukuwedzera, Mwarikadzi Hathor aive nebasa rakakosha paakatora basa rekuve Ziso raRa sechimiro chevakadzi.
Kutakura mufananidzo weZiso raRa. Aive nenzira yekutsiva uye nenzira iyi akazvidzivirira kubva kuvavengi vake. Asi zvakare ine divi rekubatsira iro rinomiririrwa mumufaro, rudo, kutamba, mimhanzi, zvepabonde uye kuchengetwa kwaamai. Asi Mwarikadzi Hathor aifanira kushanda somuperekedzi wavamwari vechirume vakawanda veEgipita uye saamai vevana vavo.
Aya mativi akaratidzirwa namwarikadzi weEgipita Hathor anoita muenzaniso mukuru wemimba yechiEgipita yechikadzi. Zvinonzi mwarikadzi Hathor akakwanisa kuyambuka miganhu achiyamura mweya yevakafa yakanga yarasika mukushanduka kubva kuupenyu kuenda kurufu.
Mwarikadzi Hathor akamiririrwawo mungano dzeEgipita nemufananidzo wemhou, sezvo mhuka iyi yakabatana neyaamai neyekudenga. Asi chimiro chayo chinonyanya kumiririra ndechemukadzi ane nyanga dzemombe uye pakati anotakura dhisiki rezuva. Kuenzana namwarikadzi Hathor zvakare akamiririrwa nemufananidzo weshumba, sycamore kana ureo.
Parizvino pane zvinomiririra Mwarikadzi Hathor mumifananidzo yeBovine yakafanana neyeEgypt art yakaitwa mumireniyamu yechina BC. Asi ongororo dzakaitwa dzinoti Goddess Hathor anogona kunge akazviratidza muOld Kingdom Egypt yekufambidzana pakati. makore 2686 AD uye 2181 BC. c.
Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nerubatsiro rwevatongi veEgipita uye vanafarao venguva iyo vakatungamirira Umambo hwekare nenzira iyi Mwarikadzi Hathor akava mumwe wevamwari vanokosha zvikuru muEgypt. Kuve mumwe weVamwarikadzi kwakatsaurirwa mamwe tembere kwaari, iyo yakanyanya kunaka yaive yeDendera iri kuUpper Egypt.
Saizvozvo, Mwarikadzi Hathor ainamatwa muTemberi dzevamwari vechirume vaive varoora vake. MaIjipita vaiikoshesa zvikuru iyo yaibatanidza nenyika dzekunze dzakaita seKenani neNubia sezvo nyika idzi dzaive nezvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita semi-anokosha nezvinonhuwira. Nenzira yakafanana, vanhu vazhinji venyika idzi vaimunamata.
Asi muEgipita mwarikadzi Hathor akanga ari mumwe wavamwari aikokurirwa zvikurusa muminyengetero yapachivande yavanhu veEgipita uye mipiro yemhiko yakasiana-siana yaipiwa kwaari. Vainyanya kumupa zvipo vaive vakadzi nekuti vaida kubata pamuviri uye kuita vana.
MuHumambo Hutsva, kufambidzana pakati pe1550 BC na1072 AD, Mwarikadzi wechiIjipita Isis naMut vakatora chinzvimbo chaive naGoddess Hathor muhumambo uye nepfungwa yaaigara muEmpire Empire. Asi akanga achiri mumwe weVamwarikadzi vaiyemurwa uye vaidiwa nevaEgipita.
Pashure pokunge Umambo Hutsva hweEgipita hwasvika kumugumo, Mwarikadzi Hathor akafukidzwazve namwarikadzi Isis uyo akatora mukurumbira wakawanda. Asi akanga ane vakawanda vakatendeka uye chitendero chikuru chakabhadharwa kwaari kusvikira chitendero chekare chadzimwa mumazana emakore ekutanga enguva ino yatiri kurarama mairi.
Mavambo amwarikadzi Hathor
Mavambo amwarikadzi Hathor ane hukama hwepedyo nemifananidzo yemhou, sezvo ichionekwa kakawanda mumabasa emifananidzo akapendwa muEgypt yekare kubva mugore ra3100 BC. Nenzira imwechete vakasimbisa zvimiro zvevakadzi vane maoko adzo mudenga uye muchimiro chegonyo chinoita mufananidzo wenyanga dzemhou.
Mifananidzo yose inogadzirwa mumifananidzo yeEgipita iyo inogadzirwa mukumiririra mombe uye vakadzi vakasimudza maoko avo vane hukama humwe mwarikadzi Hathor. Sezvo mhou dziri muEgypt tsika dzakanyanya kuremekedzwa nokuti dzinomiririra zviratidzo zvekudya uye amai. Sezvo mombe dzichichengeta vana vadzo uye dzichivapa mukaka unodiwa kuti vagone kurerwa nekusimbiswa. Nenzira yakafanana, vanhu vanodya mukaka unogadzirwa nemhuka iyi.
Pane chimedu cheunyanzvi hwekuEjipita chinonzi The Gerzeh Palette, icho chinoonekwa sedombo nderenguva yeprehistoric yeNagada II pakati pe3500 BC na3200 AD. Iri basa rounyanzvi rokuIjipiti rine mufananidzo wemusoro wemhou une nyanga dzakakombama mukati dzakakomberedzwa nenyeredzi dzakasiyana-siyana.
Magadzirirwo akaitwa runyoro rwaGerzeh anoratidza kuti mhou iyi iri pedyo zvikuru nedenga. Nenzira imwecheteyo mutsika yeEgipita vaimiririra vamwarikadzi vanoverengeka munguva dzakazotevera vakabatana nedenga uye muchimiro chemhou, pakati pavo vamwarikadzi Hathor, Meheret naNut vakatanhamara.
Zvisineyi kubudikidza nezviitiko zvese izvi Mwarikadzi Hathor haataurwi chero kupi zvako, asi kana dzinza rechina reEjipita rasvika pakati pemakore 2613 BC na2494 AD. muHumambo hweEgypt yekare. Asi kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvakabatanidzwa naGoddess Hathor zvinova zvenguva yeArchaic Period inotangira pakati pemakore 3100 BC uye gore 2686 AD.
Asi kana Mwarikadzi Hathor aine chimiro chake chakajeka, nyanga dzaanopfeka mumusoro make dzakachinjika kunze, kwete mukati seanowanikwa mune predynastic yeEgypt art. Ndosaka mwari weEgipita ane nyanga dzakapinda achiwanikwa paNarmer Palette. Uye iyi palette inotangira kubva pakutanga kwetsika dzeEgypt. Sezvakaita pamusoro pe palette sebhandi raMambo Narmer.
Asi maererano nezvidzidzo zvakaitwa paNarmer Palette, muEgyptologist Henry George Fischer akauya kuzosimbisa maererano nekuferefeta kwake kuti mwarikadzi anoonekwa muNarmer Palette ndiye mwarikadzi Bat. Mumwe wevamwarikadzi veEgipita uyo nokufamba kwenguva akafananidzirwa nechiso chomukadzi asi akanga ane nyanga dzakakombamira mukati uye dzairatidzira mukati senyanga dzemhou.
Asi kumwe kuongorora kwakaitwa nenyanzvi yeEgyptologist Lana Troy yakasvika pakugumisa kuti muzvikamu zvezvinyorwa zvePiramidhi dzeHumambo hweEgypt yekare Mwarikadzi Hathor ane hukama neapuroni yamambo inoita mubatanidzwa nebhanhire ramambo. .Mambo Narmer uye izvi zvinoratidza kuti ndimwarikadzi Hathor uye kwete mwarikadzi weEgipita Bat.
Mudzinza rechina rekuIjipita, Mwarikadzi Hathor akava mwari ane mukurumbira uye ane mukurumbira nokudaro akabvisa Mwari wekare weEgypt weGarwe ainamatwa kuDendera. Iyi yaive iri muUpper Egypt. Nenzira iyi Mwarikadzi Hathor akava musande weguta iroro.
Paaiva munharaunda yeHu, chitendero chikuru chakanga chichibhadharwa kuna mwarikadzi weEgipita Bat. Asi kubva kumakore 2055 BC na1650 AD vamwari ava vakabatana vachipa zita rimwechete rinozivikanwa seGoddess Hathor. Pamusoro pezvidzidzo zvebhaibheri zviripo zvakatenderedza vanafarao veIjipita veHumambo hwekare, yaive yakanangana naMwari Ra, ari uyu mambo wevamwari vese veEgipita uye mutsigiri waFarao kana mambo wepanyika. Kunyange zvazvo Mwarikadzi Hathor akakwira kudenga naMwari, akava mudzimai wake uye naizvozvo ndiye amai vevose vafarao.
Mabasa aive namwarikadzi muEgypt Tsika
Mutsika dzechiIjipita Mwarikadzi Hathor aive nemhando dzakasiyana uye akaitira vanhu vekuEjipita mabasa mazhinji. Mukuferefeta kwakaitwa nenyanzvi yeEgyptologist Robyn A. Gillam, kwaakasvika pakusimbisa kuti kusiyana uku kwemafomu akatorwa namwarikadzi Hathor kwakaitika nekuti dare reHumambo hwekare rakasarudza kutsiva vamwari vakati wandei vainamatwa nevanhu vekuEgipita. Tichifunga kuti izvi zvakapihwa nekuratidzwa kwamwarikadzi Hathor kuhumambo hweHumambo hwekare.
Muzvinyorwa zvekare zveEgypt, kune ruzivo pamusoro pekuratidzwa kweMwarikadzi Hathor, uko kunoshumwa kuti vaivapo. “Hathors nomwe” asi kune mamwe magwaro apo kune ruzivo pamusoro pevamwarikadzi vakawanda kusvika kuhuwandu hwe 362. Nechikonzero ichi muEgyptologist Robyn A. Gillam asvika simbisa "Kuti Mwarikadzi Hathor anga ari rudzi rwehumwari uye kuti haana chinhu chimwe chete." Ndicho chikonzero nei zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaratidzwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakabatanidzwa nevanhu veEgipita namwarikadzi Hathor, izvo zvinotevera:
Mwarikadzi Wekudenga: Kuna Mwarikadzi Hathor, akati wandei akafanirwa akaiswa kubva kuMukadzi wekudenga kuenda kuna Mwarikadzi weKudenga. Sezvo vanhu veEgipita vakati aigara mudenga naMwari weEgipita Ra uye nevamwe vamwari vezuva. Kwenguva, maererano nekutsvakurudza, vanhu vekuEgypt vaitenda kuti denga rakanga rakaita semvura uye Mwari weZuva aifamba naro.
Ndosaka zvichiudzwa mungano dzavo pamusoro pekusikwa kwenyika kuti zuva rakabuda pakutanga kwenguva. Nepo mwarikadzi Hathor aimiririrwa semhou iri iyo cosmic amai vevaIjipita. Eya, Mwarikadzi Hathor namwarikadzi Mehereti vairangarirwa semhou yakabereka Mwari weZuva ndokumuisa pakati penyanga dzake kuti amudzivirire.
Nenzira imwe cheteyo, zvainzi Mwarikadzi Hathor akabereka Mwari weZuva pakubuda kwezuva kumwe nokumwe.Sezvo anoberekwa mazuva ose. Ndokusaka zita rake muEgipita rakanga riri ḥwt-ḥrw kana kuti ḥwt-ḥr, iro rinogona kududzirwa se. "Imba yaHorus" Saizvozvowo, inogona kunzwisiswa se “Imba yangu idenga” Ndokusaka mwari werukoni ainzi Horus aimiririra denga nezuva kuvanhu veEgipita.
Neiyi nzira, pakutaura nezveimba yaMwari Horus, kunongedzerwa kumimba yamwarikadzi Hathor kana kuti mudenga kwaakafamba kana kuti saMwari weZuva anoberekwa pakubuda kwezuva kumwe nokumwe.
Sun Goddess: Saizvozvo, mwarikadzi Hathor aizivikanwa semumwe wevamwarikadzi vezuva, uye aive mufananidzi wechikadzi wevamwari vezuva Ra naHorus. Akanga ari chikamu chevamwari vakachengeta Mwari Ra kambani, paaifamba mumatenga muchikepe chake chikuru.
Ndicho chikonzero Mwarikadzi Hathor aizivikanwa se "The Golden Lady” nekuti kupenya kwaro kwaive kwakafanana nekwezuva uye muzvinyorwa zvekare zvinonzi guta reDendera “Mwaranzi yechiedza inobuda mairi inovhenekera Pasi rose”. Nenyaya dzaitaurwa, vakamubatanidza namwarikadzi Nebebethepet uye zita rake raireva Mukadzi wezvipo, Mukadzi wemufaro kana Mukadzi wemboro.
Muguta reHeliopolis, Mwari Ra, Mwarikadzi Hathor naNebethetepet vainamatwa nokuti vakanga vari madzimai aMwari Ra. Nenzira iyi, muEgyptologist Rudolf Anthes akauya kuzofunga kuti zita ramwarikadzi Hathor rinoreva imwe yedzimba dzaHorus muguta reHeliopolis uye kuti yainyatsobatana nepfungwa dzehumambo hweEgipita.
Mwarikadzi Hathor aivewo mumwe wevamwarikadzi vakazadzisa basa reZiso raRa. Aimiririra chikamu chechikadzi mukati me diski yeZuva uye chikamu chesimba iro Mwari Ra aive naro. Inoturikirwawo seMwarikadzi Weziso uyo aionekwa sedumbu rakazvarwa Mwari weZuva.Muchikamu ichi mabasa aHathor Goddess aipesana sezvo aive amai, mudiwa, mukadzi, hanzvadzi nemwanasikana waMwari Ra ari pano. kuratidzwa kwekufamba kwezuva zuva nezuva.
Mumasikati, Mwari weZuva akadzokera kumutumbi wamwarikadzi, akamupa pamuviri zvakare uye akaunza vamwari vaizozvarwa mangwanani aitevera. Kufanana naMwari Ra pachake uyo akazvarwa patsva, pamwe chete nemwanasikana wake Ziso Goddess. Ndicho chikonzero Mwari Ra anopa mwanasikana wake uye panguva imwe chete anozvipa iye pachake uye izvi zvinounza kuberekwa patsva nguva dzose.
Ziso raRa rakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza Zuva raMwari kubva kuvavengi uye raiwanzofananidzirwa secobra yakarurama, aureus, kana shumba. Imwe fomu iyo Ziso raRa rinozivikanwa ndiyo fomu inozivikanwa se "Hathor yezviso zvina” uye inomiririrwa nemhungu ina apo chiso chimwe nechimwe chinonongedzera kunzvimbo huru neiyi nzira chinogona kucherekedza tyisidziro ingavandira pakumirira Mwari weZuva.
Ndiko kusaka kuine ngano dzakawanda muHumambo Hutsva dziri pakati pa1550 BC na1070 AD apo panotaurwa apo Mwarikadzi Weziso akatanga kutsamwa asina kuzvibata. Ngano inokosha inorondedzerwa mubhuku remariro matsvene rine musoro "Bhuku reMhou Tsvene".
Apo Mwari Ra anotumira Mwarikadzi Hathor seZiso raMwari Ra kuti ape chirango kuvanhu vanofunga kuronga kupandukira hurumende yaFarao iyo Mwari Ra akaisa. Mwarikadzi Hathor anoshanduka kuita shumba huru uye anotanga kuuraya vanhu vese vakaronga kurwisa kwakadai kune vafarao.
Asi Mwari Ra ane danho ramwarikadzi Hathor rakashanduka kuita shumbakadzi kuuraya vanhu vese uye anoraira kuti doro rive nedhayi dzvuku uye rigovaniswe pasi rese. The Eye Goddess anotanga kunwa hwahwa ndokusanganisa neropa uye akadhakwa mwarikadzi anodzokera parunako rwake netsitsi.
Inonyatso enderana nenyaya iyi ingano inotaurwa nezvaMwarikadzi ari Kure, munguva dzekupedzisira nedzePtolemaic. Iko mwarikadzi weZiso ari muchimiro chamwarikadzi Hathor anotanga kupandukira kutonga uko Mwari Ra anayo uye anotanga kuita kuparadza kwakawanda mune imwe nyika yekunze, inogona kunge iri Libya kumadokero, Nubia kumaodzanyemba, saka kana Anopera simba nekurasikirwa kweziso raRa uye ndipo apo Mwari Ra anotumira mumwe Mwari anonzi Thoth kuti amudzosere.
Mwarikadzi weEgipita Hathor akadzikama uye ane rugare, iye zvakare anova mukwasha waMwari weZuva kana Mwari anomudzosa. Ndokusaka izvo zvimiro izvo Ziso ramwarikadzi, akanaka uye anofara uye ane chisimba uye ane ngozi kwazvo, acharatidza chitendero cheEgipita chekuti vakadzi "gamuchira zvishuwo zvakanyanyisa zverudo nehasha"
Mufaro, Dhanzi nemimhanzi yakanaka: Mutsika dzechiEgypt, chimwe chezvinangwa zvayo chikuru ndechekupemberera mafaro anopa chinangwa kuhupenyu uye anoonekwa sezvipo izvo vanamwari vanopa kumunhu. Ndokusaka vaIjipita vakazvipira kutamba, kudya, kunwa uye kutamba pamitambo yechitendero. Mhepo yainhuwirira maruva ainhuwirira rusenzi.
Mazhinji emafomu ayo Mwarikadzi Hathor anotora aisanganiswa nemhemberero uye anozivikanwawo samambokadzi wemimhanzi, mapato, kutamba, maruva, kudhakwa uye mura. Kana Nziyo dzichiridzwa muTemberi, vaimbi vanofanira kuridza udimbwa, mitengeranwa, matambureni nengoma vachikudza mwarikadzi Hathori.
Sistrum chiridzwa chinoita sechinorira uye chaishandiswa zvakanyanya pakunamata Mwarikadzi Hathor, sezvo chiridzwa ichi chaive nerevo dzezvepabonde. Ndicho chikonzero chiridzwa ichi chaive chakabatana nekusikwa kwehupenyu hutsva.
Izvi zvinhu zvataurwa pamusoro apa zvine chekuitawo nengano dzakataurwa nezveZiso raRa. Sezvo yakagadziriswa nengano yedoro uye kuparadzwa kwevanhu vose kwakadziviswa. Mushanduro dziripo pamusoro peKure Mwarikadzi, nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwemusango, Ziso Rokudzungaira rakanga richidzikira parainyaradzwa nekuda kwekuti budiriro yaisimudzira kutamba, mimhanzi uye waini inonaka.
Mvura yeRwizi rwaNire kana yakura inotsvuka nekuda kwemarara ematombo, izvi zvakafananidzwa neruvara rwewaini nedoro raive neruvara rutsvuku nekuda kwengano yekuparara kwevanhu. Nenzira iyi, mitambo muzita remwarikadzi weEgipita Hathor yakaitwa panguva yekufashamira kweRwizi rwaNire uye panguva iyoyo vakatanga kutamba mimhanzi uye kutamba vachinwa zvinwiwa zvakawanda, nokudaro vachinyaradza kutsamwa kwemwarikadzi anodzoka.
Muzvinyorwa zvekare zvetemberi yeEdfu zvinonzi Mwarikadzi weEgipita Hathor zvinotevera: "Vamwari vanomuridzira sistrum, vamwarikadzi vanomutamba kuti vabvise hasha dzake dzakaipa”. MuTemberi yaMadamud rwiyo rweRattaui runoimbwa kwaari umo mutambo unorondedzerwa seuyo wekudhakwa.
Inoitwa sekudzoka kwengano kweEgypt Goddess Hathor kuEgypt, panguva iyo vakadzi vanogona kumuunzira maruva, nepo zvidhakwa nevatambi vachimuridzira ngoma. Vamwe vanhu vanotsaurira matambiro kwaari mubhokisi retemberi sezvo ruzha uye mhemberero ichadzivirira nzvimbo dzisina kunaka uye masimba ane utsinye.
Nenzira iyi zvinogona kuve nechokwadi kuti Mwarikadzi weEgipita Hathor ari muchimiro chake chinofadza zvikuru apo murume wake wechirume akamumirira mutemberi yake, kunyange zvazvo mudiwa wengano wamwarikadzi Hathor ari Mwari Montu uyo achamuberekera mwanakomana.
Runako, Rudo uye Zvepabonde: rutivi runofadza rwamwarikadzi weEgipita Hathor runoratidzira kuti ane simba guru rechikadzi uye rokubereka. Ndicho chikonzero mune dzakawanda ngano dzekusikwa kwenyika akabatsira kusika Nyika. Sezvo zvainzi Atm aive Mwari musiki uye kuti aive nezvinhu zvese mukati make. Zvese zvaive zvagadzirwa kuburikidza nekuita bonhora pakati paShu naTefnuf uye nenzira iyi nzira yekusika inotanga.
Ruoko rwakashandiswa kuita chiito ichi rwaiva ruoko rwaMwari Atum, uyo ndiye aimiririra rutivi rwechikadzi uye aimiririrwawo samwarikadzi Hathor, Nebethetepet kana Iusaaset. Kunyangwe ichingori ngano yechinyakare mutsika dzeEjipita inotangira panguva yePtolemaic pakati pa332 BC na30 BC, Mwari Jonsu ndiye achaita basa rakakosha munguva ino yeIjipita sezvo vamwari vese vari vaviri vakabatanidzwa vachipa. kusikwa kunobvira kwenyika.
Nenzira iyi zvinofungidzirwa kuti Mwarikadzi Hathor aizova mudiwa wevamwari vechirume vakawanda veEgipita, asi Mwari ainyanya kukosha kuVamwarikadzi veEgipita Hathor akanga ari Mwari weZuva Ra. Nepo mwarikadzi Mut aive aigara achiperekedzwa naMwari Amun aive mwari mukuru weIjipita Humambo Hutsva. Kunyange zvazvo Mwarikadzi Hathor agara ane hukama naMwari Ra.
Nepo vamwari Amun naNut vasingawanzo hukama nekubereka uye zvepabonde, uye mune akati wandei mamiriro vanoisa vamwari vakaita saIsis kana Mwarikadzi Hathor. Ndosaka munguva dzekupedzisira dzenhoroondo yeEgipita Mwari Hathor uye Zuva Mwari Horus vaionekwa semurume nemukadzi mumaguta eDendera neEdfu.
Mune dzimwe shanduro dzinotaurwa, zvakasimbiswa kuti Mwarikadzi Kure pamwe chete namwarikadzi Hathor naRattaui vaive vadyidzani vaMwari Montu. Ndokusaka munyaya dzepabonde mune nyaya dzakawanda. Somuenzaniso, pane imwe nyaya yakaitika kuMiddle East Empire yaiva nezita racho Nyaya yaMufudzi. Kwaanosangana namwarikadzi ane mvere akaita semhuka. Uye paanomutarisa mumachakwi, anotya zvikuru. Asi rimwe zuva kana achipfuura nemumachakwi anozviwana aine mukadzi akanyanya kunaka uye anokwezva.
VaEgyptologist vakadzidza nyaya iyi vakasvika pakufunga kuti mukadzi anotaurwa nezvake ndimwarikadzi Hathor kana kuti mukadzi ane hunhu hwakada kufanana nekuti ari mupengo uye ane njodzi asi panguva imwe chete ane hunhu uye akanaka. Mumwe muongorori anonzi Thomas Schneider akauya kuzotaura kuti kusangana kwaiita mufudzi namwarikadzi kwaiva kumufadza.
Mune imwe nyaya pfupi iyo yeEgypt Humambo Hutsva uko kune gakava pakati paSeti naHorus, iko kunetsana pakati pevamwari veEgipita. Sezvo Mwari weZuva akagumbuka sezvo mumwe Mwari akamutuka. Paanenge akarara pasi kuti azorore. Pashure penguva yakati, Mwarikadzi Hathor anoratidza mativi ake epedyo kuna Mwari weZuva kuitira kuti apfuure hasha dzake.
Mushure maizvozvo, Mwari weZuva akasimuka kubva pachigaro chake akatanga kuita mabasa ake semutongi waari. Panguva iyoyo munyaya yacho, vanhu vose vaidavira kuti kurongeka uye upenyu hwaibva pamafungiro aMwari weZuva.Naizvozvo, zvakaitwa namwarikadzi Hathor zvaikosha kudzivirira kuparadzwa kwevanhu.
Ichi chiito hachina kujeka kana chaiva chiito chekuita zvepabonde kana kuti Mwari abvise hasha dzaainzwa, saka hazvina kunyatsojeka kuti nei Mwari Ra akatanga kunyemwerera Mwarikadzi Hathor. Mune mamwe mabhuku echiIjipita pamusoro pamwarikadzi wechiIjipita Hathor akarumbidzwa nekuda kwebvudzi rakanaka raanaro uye mazano anoitwawo kuti mwarikadzi wechiIjipita Hathor paakaita zvekukwezva kwake pabonde akarasikirwa nekiyi yebvudzi.
Rudzi urwu rwebvudzi rwakaraswa namwarikadzi weEgipita Hathor rwakaenzaniswa neziso roumwari iro mwari Horus akarasa uye apo Seti akarasa machende ake mukati memvura yakaoma zvikuru pakati paava vamwari, zvichireva kuti kiyi iyo mwarikadzi Hathor yakarasa yakanga inokosha sezvakangoita kukuvadzwa kwakanga kuna vamwari vose vari vaviri mumiviri yavo.
Kunyangwe Mwarikadzi weEgipita aizivikanwa semukadzi werudo. Nemhaka youtano hwayaiva nayo nemhaka yokuti munhokwe yakanga iripo yaChester Beatty I, womudzinza roumambo rechi1189 (c. 1077-XNUMX BC), varume nevakadzi vanotsaurira nhetembo kuna mwarikadzi Hathor kuti aende nadzo kuvadiwa vavo. Pane zvitsidzo zvinototaura kuti vakanamata kuna mwari uye mudiwa akasvika kudzimba dzake.
Chiremerera chehumambo uye humai: mwarikadzi Hathor ave achirangarirwa kuva mai vavamwari vazhinji veEgipita. Anoonekwawo saamai vaMwari Horus asi panguva imwechete anozadzisa basa rekuve mukwasha waMwari. Ndiyezve mudzimai waMambo uye mai vaMugari wenhaka. Mwarikadzi Hathor ndiye mufananidzi waMwari wevahosi paNyika.
MuEgypt Mythology inofungidzirwa kuti vabereki vaMwari Horus ndiOsiris naIsis. MuNhema yeOsiris iyo inorondedzerwa kubva kuHumambo hweEgypt yekare, Mwari Horus anochengetedza hukama namwarikadzi Hathor, kunyange zvazvo zvichisimbiswa kuti iyi ngano yakwegura. Sezvo Mwari Horus achingobatana chete naVamwari Osiris naIsis apo ngano yaOsiris inooneka.
Kunyange zvazvo nekufamba kwenguva Mwarikadzi Osiris akabatanidzwa saamai vaMwari Horus, Mwarikadzi Hathor aigara aine basa iroro, kunyanya paaifanira kuyamwisa Farao mutsva. Ndosaka paine mapepa enhokwe panomiririrwa mhou inoyamwisa mwana mugwenzi, inomirirwa sedzidzo yaive nemwana uyu mungano dzevaEgipita.
Mukaka wakapiwa mwana namwarikadzi Hathor waive chiratidzo cheumambo nehumwari uye pawaive nemifananidzo yamwarikadzi achichengeta mwana, mwana iyeye aive nekodzero yekutonga vanhu ivavo. Nenzira imwecheteyo, hukama huripo pakati pavamwari Horus naHathor hwakapa hunhu hwavo simba rekuporesa. Nokuti ziso rakarasika raHorus rainzi rakadzorerwa pashure pokunge mwari Seti aricheka.
Munguva yekupedzisira kubva 624 BC kusvika 323 BC, ruzhinji rweIjipita rwakatarisa pakunamata mhuri imwechete yehumwari uye mumwe murume mukuru wechirume, aive nemukadzi nemwanakomana mudiki. Nenzira iyi, zvivako zvekubatsira zvinonzi mammisi zvakatanga kuvakwa, kuitira kuti vakwanise kupemberera kuberekwa kwemwari wemwana.
Sezvo mwana uyu Mwari achizounza kuvandudzwa kwechadenga uye achave mugari wenhaka mutsva wehumambo, ari Mwarikadzi Hathor amai vevazhinji venzvimbo dzeVamwari vanoumba vatatu. Muguta reDendera neEdfu Mwari Horus ndivo vaive baba ukuwo Mwarikadzi Hathor vaive mai apo mwanakomana wavo aizivikanwa nezita rekuti Ihy zita rake raireva muimbi wenziyo.
Uyu mwanakomana waHorus namwarikadzi Hathor akafananidzira mufaro wakabatanidzwa nechiridzwa che<em>sistrum. Vaivewo nevamwe vana vakaita samwari mudiki anozivikanwa saNeferhotep mune rainzi guta reHu. Nenzira imwecheteyo, mifananidzo yakawanda yevana yaMwari Horus yakagadzirwa.
Muvanhu veEgipita, mukaka wemukaka wemuonde wakatorwa sechiratidzo chehupenyu uye hutano. Neiyi nzira yakava chiratidzo chinokosha zvikuru kuvaEgipita. Sezvo mukaka uyu waive wakaenzana nemvura yerwizi Nile panguva yemafashamu sezvo yakaunza kubereka kuNyika yaive yakaoma uye isingabereki.
Pakupera kwenguva dzeRoma uye nguva yePtolemaic mumatemberi akati wandei eEgypt ngano yekusikwa kwenyika yaisanganisirwa, uko pfungwa dzemadzitateguru pamusoro pekusikwa kwepasi dzakagadziriswa. Mutsara uripo wengano yamwarikadzi Hathor muguta reDendera unosimbisa zvikuru kuti iye mwari wezuva.
Pamusoro pekuve Mwarikadzi wekutanga weEgipita kubuda mumvura dzepakutanga dzakazvarwa mushure mekusikwa uye maererano nemanyoro anoyera kuti chiedza nemukaka zvaMwari Hathor zvakakwanisa kuraramisa uye kuzadza vanhu vese nehupenyu.
Samwarikadzi Mesjenet, ane hukama nehumai. Asi Mwarikadzi Hathor ane mufungo wezvinozoitika uyo wakavakirwa paidi rokuti mwarikadzi achatora zvimiro zvinomwe zvakasiyana kuti azive kuti ndiani achava vanafarao vachaberekwa uye kukwanisa kufanotaura avo vachafa. Sezvakataurwa munyaya yehama mbiri uye munyaya yemwana wamambo.
Zvimiro zvaamai izvo Mwarikadzi Hathor anotora zvinogona kufananidzwa nemativi ayo mwarikadzi Isis namwarikadzi Mut vanawo. Asi mune zvose zviri zviviri kune zvakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana kubva pakuzvipira uko Mwarikadzi Isis anopa kumurume wake nemwanakomana achamiririra rudo runogamuchirwa nenzanga, kupfuura rudo rwepabonde uye rusingadzivisiki urwo mwarikadzi weEgipita Hathor anopa kune vaakaroorana navo.
Nepo rudo rwunopihwa naGoddess Mut rwuri rwehutongi kupfuura hunhu hwepabonde, nepo Mwarikadzi Hathor ane hunhu hwekunyengedza varume vakaroora sekunge aive mukadzi wechienzi kwavari.
Munyika dzekunze uye mukutengeserana: Kuve Egypt humambo panguva iyoyo, yakachengetedza hukama hwakawanda hwekutengeserana nenyika dzinoverengeka uye nemaguta ari mumahombekombe akaita seSyria neKenani. Kunyanya neguta reByblos. Izvi zvakaita kuti chitendero chevaIjipiti chipararire kune mamwe maguta munharaunda iyoyo.
Zvese izvi zvakawanikwa mune imwe nguva yeAkare Empire Empire. Ichi ndicho chikonzero maIjipita aitaura nezvamwarikadzi uye muchengeti mutsvene weguta reByblos raizivikanwa seBaalat Gebal. Mwarikadzi uyu ainzi mwarikadzi wepanzvimbo iyi achienzaniswa namwarikadzi Hathor. Kubatana kwevamwarikadzi vose uku kwakawedzera kusimba zvekuti zvinyorwa zvekare zvemuguta reDendera zvinoti mwarikadzi Bhaalati Gebhari aigarawo muguta iroro.
Nenzira yakafanana, vaEgipita vakaenzanisa Mwarikadzi Hathor namwarikadzi Anat, mwarikadzi anozivikanwa nokuda kwokubereka kwake. Uyu mwarikadzi weguta reKenani aifarira zvenyama asi panguva imwe cheteyo ane hasha zvekuti ainamatwa nevaEgipita muHumambo Hutsva.
Muzvinyorwa zveEgipita zvounyanzvi zvomuguta reKanani, mwarikadzi asina kupfeka Anati aripo akapfeka wigi yakamonereka ingabva pamifananidzo yakaitwa namwarikadzi Hathor. Kunyangwe maererano nezvidzidzo hazvina kutsanangurwa kuti ndeupi mwarikadzi anomiririra mifananidzo uye nei vaIjipita vakatora iyi iconography maererano nemwarikadzi Anat. Kunyange zvazvo vaimunamata samwari wechikadzi akaparadzana namwarikadzi weEgipita Hathor.
Chimiro chezuva chamwarikadzi uyu chakaita basa rinokosha zvikuru mukubatana nekutengeserana sezvo vaEgipita vaidavira kuti aizodzivirira ngarava dzaifamba muRwizi rwaNire uye mumakungwa akanga ari mhiri kweEgipita. Nekuti basa rake raive rekuchengetedza chikepe chaishandiswa naMwari Ra mudenga.
Saizvozvo, rwendo rwakaitwa naNubian mwarikadzi mungano dzeEgipita rwakanga rwakabatanawo nemwarikadzi Anat munyika idzi. Yakanga yakabatana zvakanyanya neSinai Peninsula. Kuti panguva iyoyo zvaisaonekwa sechikamu cheHumambo hweEgipita. Asi yakanga iri seti yemigodhi yeEgypt uko kwakashandiswa zvicherwa zvakasiyana-siyana, pakati pavo paiva nemhangura, turquoise uye malachite.
Imwe epithets yainzi mwarikadzi Hathor, panguva iyoyo yaiva turquoise mukadzi. Izvi zvinoreva zvicherwa zvaive neruvara rwegirinhi. Ndokusaka mwarikadzi weEgipita Hathor aizivikanwawo seMukadzi weFaience. Iri rakanga riri hari yeruvara rwebhuruu negirinhi yainzi nevaIjipiti iruvara rweturquoise yegirinhi.
Mwarikadzi weEgipita Hathor ainamatwa zvikuru mumigodhi kudzivirira upenyu hwevaranda uye munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzokuchera uye nzvimbo dzemigodhi dzakawanikwa mugwenga reArabia roUmambo hweEgipita. Mumigodhi yeamethyst yeWadi el-Hudi, kwaaimbonzi Mukadzi weAmethyst.
Munharaunda yekumaodzanyemba kweEgypt, pesvedzero yamwarikadzi Hathor yakawedzera kusvika kunharaunda yekare yePunt. Yakanga iri pedyo nenharaunda yemhenderekedzo yegungwa inoganhurana neGungwa Dzvuku uye iyi yakanga iri manyuko makuru erusenzi iyo mwarikadzi Hathor akabatanidzwa nayo. Nenzira imwecheteyo zvakaitwa nedunhu reNubia raive kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwenzvimbo yePunt.
Mune biography yemukuru Herjuf uyo aive weVI dzinza pakati pemakore (c. 2345-2181 BC), akasiya akanyorwa rwendo rwakaitwa kunharaunda iri pedyo neguta reNubia. Pakaunzwa akawanda ebhoni nematehwe akasiyana-siyana kubva pamapani nezvinonhuwira zvaFarao. Mumashoko iwayo akasiyiwa akanyorwa nomukuru mukuru mukuru weIjipiti, anorondedzera kuti zvinhu izvi zvavakabva nazvo munzvimbo iyoyo zvakanga zviri zvechienzi uye chipo chakabva kuna mwarikadzi Hathor kuna Farao.
Mune dzimwe nzendo dzakaitwa kunharaunda yeNubia nechinangwa chekubvisa goridhe, vakaunza kapoka katsva panguva yehumambo hutsva nepakati hweEgypt. Kune avo vafarao vakati wandei vakasarudza kuvaka matembere akati wandei mudunhu reNubian kwavaive vatongi.
Hupenyu mushure mekufa: Kune nyaya dzinoti vanamwarikadzi vakasiyana-siyana vakabatsira mweya yevakafa kuwana chinangwa chayo muupenyu hwapashure porufu. Mumwe wemwarikadzi uyu aizivikanwa seAmentit. Aive mwarikadzi wekumadokero aimiririra makuva anozivikanwa senecropolis kana boka remakuva aive mumahombekombe eRwizi rwaNile, aizivikanwa sehumambo hwehupenyu mushure merufu.
VaEgipita vakarangarira irori kuva basa ramwarikadzi Hathor. Nenzira imwechete iyo Mwarikadzi Hathor akauya kuzoyambuka muganhu weEgypt Empire nedzimwe nyika, akakwanisa kuyambuka muganhu pakati penzvimbo dzevapenyu nedzevakafa. Aibatsira mweya yevafi kuti ikwanise kupinda muumambo hwevakafa, ndokusaka akanga akabatana zvikuru nemakuva, ndipo pakatanga shanduko yehumambo uhwu.
MuTheban necropolis yaimiririrwa segomo rakashongedzerwa umo mhou yakaonekwa ichimiririra Hathor. Basa raakaita samwarikadzi mudenga rakanga rine chokuita noupenyu pashure pokunge munhu ayambukira kunzvimbo yavakafa.
Samwarikadzi wedenga aifanira kubatsira Mwari Ra mukuzvarwa patsva kwezuva nezuva. Ndicho chikonzero nei aiva nemabasa anokosha muzvitendero zvaiva nevanhu vokuIjipiti kubvira paakabatsira mweya yevakafa munzvimbo yevakafa sezvo vakawanda vaidavira kuti vaizoberekwazve sezuva idzva pamambakwedza ega ega.
Makuva nenzvimbo yepasi zvakadudzirwa sedumbu ramwarikadzi Hathor kubva uko mufi achazvarwa patsva. Nenzira iyi vamwarikadzi Nut, Hathor naAmentit vaigona, muzvinyorwa zvekare zvakasiyana-siyana, kuendesa mweya yemushakabvu kunzvimbo yavaigona kudya nokunwa nokusingaperi. Ndokusaka mwarikadzi Hathor pamwe chete namwarikadzi Amentit vanomiririrwa mumakuva.
Nokudaro vanogamuchira mweya ichangobva kufa munzvimbo yevakafa sezvavanoita vana vavo vasati vaberekwazve. Mumagwaro amariro ayo anozivikanwa kubva muUmambo Hutsva, upenyu pashure porufu hwakaenzanisirwa sebindu rakaisvonaka zvikuru uye rakaorera nokuda kwokudyara. Anotungamirira pairi bindu rakaisvonaka akanga ari mwarikadzi Hathor.
Mwarikadzi pano aimiririrwa muchimiro chomuti ndokupa mvura kumweya wakanga uchangobva kufa. Nepo mwarikadzi Nut aive nerimwe basa asi Mwarikadzi Hathor akamudaidza kuti amupe pabasa rake. Zvakakosha kuti mumutauro weEgypt hupenyu mushure mekufa hune chikamu chepabonde.
Nokuti muNhema yaOsiris apo Mwari anourawa, akamuka apo anozviwana amene achibatirana namwarikadzi Isis naHorus anoberekerwa imomo. Nenzira imwecheteyo, mumafungiro ezuva kuti kune kubatana pakati paMwari Ra uye Mwarikadzi wekudenga, vachabvumira Mwari Horus kuberekwa patsva kwake. Nenzira iyi, chiito chepabonde chinobvumira mufi kuberekwa patsva.
Ndicho chikonzero nei vanamwarikadzi Isis naHathor vachibatsira pakumutswa kwevakafa kune hupenyu hutsva, izvi zvinoitwa nekukurudzira masimba ekugadzirisa evanamwari vechirume pane kuzadzisa kana kutamba basa rinokosha. VaEgipita vekare vakatangira mushakabvu ndokuisa zita raOsiris kuitira kuti ribatanidzwe norumuko.
Muenzaniso wakajeka weizvi waiva mukadzi anozivikanwa nezita reHenutmehyt aizova "Osiris-Henutmehyt" Nokufamba kwenguva mukadzi uyu akanga ane hukama nemasimba echikadzi uye echirume. Ndichiri muUmambo hweEgypt Yekare zvakatorwa sezviri pachena kuti vakadzi vaifanira kubatana nevanamati vamwarikadzi Hathor muupenyu hwapashure porufu. Varume vanofanira kunge vakaita zvimwe chete naOsiris.
Munguva yechitatu yepakati yehumambo hweEjipitori kufambidzana pakati pemakore (c. 1070-664 BC), vanhu veEgipita vakatanga kuwedzera zita ramwarikadzi weEgipita Hathor kuvakadzi vakafa pachinzvimbo chekuisa zita raOsiris.
Asi mune zvimwe zviitiko vazhinji vakafa vakapiwa zita raOsiris-Hathor kuratidza kuti mushakabvu akanga ane betsero nesimba rinomutsidzira ravamwari vose vari vaviri. Mukati menguva iyoyo yeHumambo hweEgipita yaibatwa sechitendero chechokwadi chokuti Mwarikadzi Hathor aitonga muupenyu apo Osiris aitonga murufu.
Mifananidzo yeHathor
Sezvambotaurwa, Mwarikadzi Hathor anomiririrwa nemufananidzo wemhou inotakura solar disk panyanga dzayo dzakakombama. Uyu mufananidzo wakanga wakakosha zvikuru apo mwarikadzi akanga achirera Farao. Nenzira imwecheteyo Mwarikadzi Hathor aigona kuratidzika semukadzi ane musoro wemhou. Asi chiratidziro chakajairika chakaitwa naGoddess Hathor ndechemukadzi akapfeka nyanga dzemombe uye dhisiki rezuva.
Ichi chinomiririra aipfeka dhirezi dzvuku kana turquoise chubhu kana musanganiswa wemavara ese uye nyanga dzakaiswa muhafu yakaderera kana musoro wegora waive wakajairika muIjipita mambokadzi wevanhu muNew Empire Egypt.
Apo Mwarikadzi Isis akagamuchira chishongo chimwe chetecho muUmambo Hutsva vamwarikadzi vaviri vaigona bedzi kutsauraniswa apo chifananidzo chacho chaiva nechinyorwa chakanyorwa chine zita ramwarikadzi. Basa remwarikadzi Amentit. Mwarikadzi Hathor aipfeka mumusoro make akapfeka chiratidzo chokumavirira panzvimbo pokupfeka nyanga dzemhou.
VaHathor Vanomwe vakaita mufananidzo weboka remhou nomwe pamwe chete dzaiperekedzwa namwari muduku wokudenga noupenyu uhwo pashure porufu hwaizivikanwa senzombe yokuMadokero.
Yaimiririrwawo nedzimwe mhuka dzakaita seureo yaive muchimiro chemhungu. Inova motif yeEgypt art art uye inomiririra vamwarikadzi vakasiyana-siyana vanogona kuzivikanwa neZiso raRa.
Paakaratidzwa neureo ivo vaimiririra divi rake rine chisimba asi panguva imwechete inodzivirira zvakanyanya. Nenzira imwe cheteyo, akaitwa kuti aratidzike seakashandurwa kuva shumbakadzi ine pfungwa yechisimba zvakafanana asi panguva imwe chete achidzivirira Mwari.
Ukuwo, kana mwarikadzi Hathor achimiririrwa sekatsi yemumba, anowanzo gadzira chimiro cherunyararo cheZiso reZiso paanomiririrwa semuti wemuonde unooneka kumusoro kwemuviri wake uchibuda pahunde.
Zvakare Mwarikadzi Hathor aigona kuoneka panhokwe setsvimbo. Asi panzvimbo paizvozvo akanga akabata tsvimbo yehumambo. Uri mucherechedzo wesimba raiwanzotakurwa nevamwari vechirume. Vamwarikadzi vega vaigona kutakura kana kushandisa tsvimbo yeuas, aive Mwarikadzi Hathor uye avo vane hukama neZiso raRa.
Mwarikadzi Hathor aiwanzofananidzirwa neine sistrum yezvikepe. Iyo yakafanana necella kana naos mutemberi uye yakakomberedzwa nemipumburu inoyeuchidza maentenna akatakurwa namwarikadzi Bat. Asi kana sistrum yaiswa pairi, ine misiyano miviri: mwarikadzi, wekutanga, anopfeka pfundo rakapfava nepo imwe yacho yakaumbwa nekiresi yesimbi ine mabheseni akawanda anozununguswa mumitambo yakasiyana.
Chimwe chiratidzo chakakosha icho Mwarikadzi Hathor anotakura chionioni sezvo izvi zvakagadzirwa negoridhe kana mhangura furemu uye nenzira iyi vanofananidzira dhisiki rezuva nenzira imwechete iyo yakabatana nekunaka uye chikadzi. Mimwe mibato yegirazi yakatakura chimiro chemwarikadzi Hathor pamwe nechiso chake.
Nguva zhinji Mwarikadzi Hathor akamiririrwa nechiso chemunhu asi aine nzeve dzemombe, paakaonekwa kubva kumberi uye kwete muprofile, yaive yakajairika muEgypt art. Kana Mwarikadzi anoratidzwa muchimiro, vhudzi rake rinomonereka kuita loop.
Mwarikadzi Hathor akapendwawo nemasiki aionekwa pambiru dzematemberi makuru emuEgypt Empire. Makoramu aya aishandiswa mumaTemberi akati wandei akavakwa muzita ramwarikadzi Hathor uye mune mamwe matemberi aive akakumikidzwa kune vamwe vamwarikadzi.
Idzi mbiru dzakagadzirirwa kutakura zviso zviviri kana zvina zvichiita kumiririra kwehuviri hwamwarikadzi weEgipita Hathor. Ichi chinomiririra chiya chekuchenjerera pamwe chete nerunako kana muchimiro chayo chine ngozi. Makoramu eHathoric ane hukamawo nechiridzwa chemimhanzi sistrum.
Ndokusaka zviridzwa zveSistrum zvinogona kuve nemubato wazvo mufananidzo wechiso chemwarikadzi Hathor pamwe nemakoramu apo sistrum ye nao inobatanidzwa mumusoro wamwarikadzi.
Kunamata kunoitirwa Mwarikadzi
Munguva yeNeit yekare, Mwarikadzi Hathor aive mumwe weakakurumbira uye ane simba wedare rehumambo reEjipitori. Asi mudzinza reVI, Mwarikadzi Hathor akava mwarikadzi aiva noukama hwakanyanya naFarao. Ndosaka muvambi wedzinza iri anozivikanwa saFarao Seneferu. Akarayira Mwarikadzi Hathor kuti avake temberi uye mwanasikana wake Djedefra akanga ari mupristakadzi wokutanga wetemberi iyoyo uye mupristakadzi wokutanga wamwarikadzi Hathor ane humbowo.
Vanafarao veHumambo hwekare vakatanga kupa mipiro kumatemberi aive akatsaurirwa kune mamwe madzimambo kana vamwari vaive vakabatana zvakanyanya nehumambo hweEgipita. Kunyangwe zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mwarikadzi Hathor aive mumwe wevashoma vaigamuchira marudzi aya ezvipo kubva kuvafarao, nekuti vatongi vemaguta vakatanga chinamato chakakosha kunamwarikadzi Hathor uye nekudaro vanokwanisa kubatanidza matunhu nedare rehumambo reEgypt.
Ndokusaka mwarikadzi weEgipita, Hathori, aitoresa mitero mizhinji yavanhu veEgipita padunhu rimwe nerimwe pakanga pane temberi yokumukudza. Vazhinji vevakadzi vaive vehumambo hweEgypt, asi vaive vasiri mambokadzi, vaive kutungamira manejimendi echitendero chakapihwa kuna Mwarikadzi Hathor panguva yeHumambo hwekare.
Pharaoh Mentuhotep II, aive mambo wekutanga weMiddle Kingdom aive asina hukama nevatongi veOld Kingdom. Farao uyu akaita kuti hutongi hwake huve pamutemo nokuzviratidza semwanakomana wamwarikadzi Hathor.
Mifananidzo yemhou yeHathor yakanga ichiyamwisa Farao Mentuhotep II, ivo vanobva mukutonga kwake kwekutanga uye vapristakadzi vazhinji vakaiswa semadzimai ake, kunyange zvazvo pasina chokwadi chokuti vakaroorana naFarao. Sezvo nzira yeEgypt Middle Kingdom yakaenda. Vahosi vakapfeka makeup kuti vataridzike zvakafanana sezvinobvira kukuzvarwa patsva kwakananga kwamwarikadzi Hathor. Nenzira imwe cheteyo vanafarao vakanga vachizviita kuti vafanane naMwari Ra.
Kufarira kwamambokadzi kweEjipita kwaive kwakafanana kana kufanana kunaMwarikadzi Hathor kwakaenderera kwenguva yakareba muMiddle Kingdom yose neEgypt New Kingdom. Vahosi veIjipita vaifungidzirwa vakapfeka ngowani yamwarikadzi Hathor kubva kumagumo edzinza rechigumi nesere.
Pane mufananidzo muEgypt tsika yeHeb Sed yeAmenophis iyo yaifanirwa kupemberera nekuvandudza hutongi apo Mambo anoratidzwa pamwe chete namwarikadzi Hathor nemukadzi wake Mambokadzi Tiy. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mambo akanga ane muchato wokufananidzira namwarikadzi Hathor apo bato rakanga richipfuurira.
Hatshepsut aive mukadzi aitonga pamwe chete naFarao mumakore ekutanga eHumambo Hutsva. Akamira kunze nokuda kweukama hwaaiva nahwo namwarikadzi Hathor sezvo hwakanga hwakasiyana zvikuru, sezvo akashandisa mazita namazita aimubatanidza namwarikadzi wechiEgipita Hathor. Nenzira iyi, akakwanisa kuita kuti hurumende yake ive pamutemo pamberi pevanhu vekuEgypt, avo vaiwanzotungamirirwa nemumwe murume.
Mukadzi uyu akarayira kuvakwa kwetemberi huru mukukudza Mwarikadzi weEgipita Hathor, nenzira imwechete yaakarayira kuvakwa kwetemberi yake yemariro. Kuti yaizova nechapel yakanga yakatsaurirwa kuna mwarikadzi Hathor.
Muguta kana dunhu reDeir el-Bahari, yakanga yaiswa senzvimbo yekunamatira Mwarikadzi Hathor kubvira Middle Kingdom. Paive zvakare nekukosha kwakawanda kwaMwari Amun panguva yeHumambo Hutsva sezvo izvi zvakapa kuoneka kukuru kumukadzi wake uye nehukama hwemwarikadzi Mut mukati menguva iyi. Mwarikadzi Isis akatanga kuoneka ane mabasa akasiyana-siyana ayo negamuchidzanwa aingova aMwarikadzi Hathor sezvo akanga ari iye bedzi mwarikadzi wezuva.
Nenzira yakafanana, ava vamwari vakanga vane revo huru mukurwisana namwarikadzi Hathor, kunyange zvazvo akapfuurira kuva mumwe wavamwarikadzi vanokosha zvikurusa muUmambo Hutsva hwose. Apo kusimbiswa kwakaitwa muchitendero cheMwarikadzi Hathor kwaiva maererano nekubereka, zvepabonde uye kuitika.
Humambo Hutsva hweIsis hwakaramba huchivharisa Mwarikadzi Hathor nemabasa ake nevamwe vamwarikadzi vaisagona kutora mabasa avo. Mukati menguva yechiGiriki yeEgipita, apo vaGiriki vakasvika, vakatonga Egipita uye rudzidziso rwavo rwakakura muukama hwakaoma netsika dzeEgipita. Nepo dzinza rePtolemaic rakatanga kutora nekugadzirisa mafungiro echiIjipita nezvevamwari vehumambo.
Izvi zvakatanga naArsinoe II, uyo akanga ari mudzimai waPtolemy II, vanhu ava vainyatsobatanidza vahosi vavo namwarikadzi Isis uye nevakawanda vevamwarikadzi vekuEgipita. Kunyanya vakaita chinongedzo nemwarikadzi wavo werudo nebonde aive Aphrodite.
Zvakadaro maGiriki pavanotaura nezvevamwari vese vekuIjipita vanovadudzira nemazita evamwari vavo vechiGiriki uye dzimwe nguva vanodana mwarikadzi Hathor. Hunhu hwamwarikadzi weEgipita Isis namwarikadzi Hathor hwakabatanidzwa pamwe chete neunhu hwamwarikadzi wechiGiriki Aphrodite.
Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nechikonzero chokururamisa kubatwa kwaiitwa vanamambokadzi vePtolemaic sevamwarikadzi. Neiyi nzira mudetembi Callimachus akakarakadza kuti ngano yekiyi yamwarikadzi Hathor yakanga iri yokurumbidza Berenice II nokuda kwokubaira rutivi rwebvudzi rake nokuda kwaAphrodite. Mukuwedzera, zvimiro zvemifananidzo zvaakagoverana namwarikadzi Isis namwarikadzi Hathor, zvakadai samagora nenyanga dzemhou, zvakaoneka mumifananidzo icharatidzira nhambo yamambokadzi wePtolemaic akapendwa sokunge iwo akanga ari iwo. Mwarikadzi Aphrodite.
Tembere muEgipita muzita ramwarikadzi
Mwarikadzi uyo aitsaurirwa temberi dzakawanda kwaari akanga ari kuna Hathor, kupfuura kuna mwarikadzi upi noupi weEgipita aivapo. MuHumambo hwekare hwekare, nzvimbo yakakosha yechitendero yakavakwa muzita ramwarikadzi Hathor yaive munzvimbo yeMemphis.
Mwarikadzi wemitsamvi Hathor akawanwa ikoko, kwaainamatwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana muMemphite necropolis yose. Munguva yeHumambo Hutsva, Tembere yamwarikadzi Hathori wemionde yaiva kumaodzanyemba ndiyo yaiva temberi huru yaainamatwa. Panzvimbo iyoyo Mwarikadzi Hathor anorondedzerwa somwanasikana mukuru wamwari weguta anonzi Ptah.
Ndichiri muchitendero chinoitwa kuna Mwari Ra uye Mwari Atum muguta reHeliopolis, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweguta reMemphis, pakanga paine temberi yaizivikanwa seHathor-Nebethetepet iyo, maererano nekutsvakurudza, yakavakwa muMiddle Kingdom.
Kunyange zvazvo mukonachando nomuonde zvakanga zviri pedyo neiyi nzvimbo tsvene, kunobvira kuti vainamata mwarikadzi Hathor nemitambo yakawanda neratidziro dzakasiana-siana. Mune mamwe maguta akanga ari kuchamhembe kwerwizi rwaNire, akadai seYamu neTerenuthis, temberi huru dzakavakwa kuti vanamate uye kunamata Mwarikadzi Hathor.
Apo vatongi voUmambo hweEgipita hwekare vakavamba kuvaka nokugadza maguta muKumusoro neMiddle Egypt, nzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzokunamatira vamwari veEgipita dzakatangwa imomo, pakati peakatanhamara zvikurusa pakanga pane mwarikadzi Hathor. Munzvimbo dziri Cusae, Akhmim neNaga ed-Der.
Munguva yekutanga yepakati penguva yakaonekwa pakati pemakore 2181 na2055 a,C. chifananidzo chakavakwa chekumunamata muGuta reDendera uye chaigara chichiendeswa kunzvimbo yeTheban Necropolis iyo yaizivikanwa senzvimbo yevafi.
Pakatanga Humambo hwepakati, Pharaoh Mentuhotep II akaraira kuvakwa kwetembere huru yekumisa Mwarikadzi Hathor nenzira iyi kuti vamunamate zvachose muDeir el-Bahari necropolis. Guta riri padyo iDeir el-Medina, yaive imba yevashandi vekuguva muNecropolis panguva yeHumambo Hutsva.
Munzvimbo iyoyo maivawo netemberi dzakanga dzakatsaurirwa kuna Mwarikadzi Hathor uko yakaramba ichishanda uye yaigara ichivakwazve kusvikira nguva yePtolemaic yasvika. Pashure paizvozvo guta iri rakasiyiwa kwemazana emakore akawanda.
Tembere yeHathor iri muguta reDendera, iri temberi yekare kudarika muUpper Egypt. Tembere iyi yakabva kudzinza rechina. Nekupera kweHumambo hwekare temberi iyi yakapfuura tembere dzeMemphite mukukosha.
Kunyangwe madzimambo mazhinji akawedzera kuTemberi kwainamatwa Mwarikadzi Hathor munhoroondo yese yeEgipita. Kunyangwe vhezheni yekupedzisira yeTemberi yakavakwa munguva yePtolemaic neyeRoma, parizvino ndiyo imwe yematemberi eEjipita akachengetedzwa zvakanyanya nekufamba kwenguva.
Sezvo Humambo Hwekare hwakapfuura, vazhinji vevaprista veGoddess Hathor vaisanganisira avo vaive nechinzvimbo chepamusoro, vaive vakadzi uye vaive nhengo dzemhuri yehumambo muHumambo hwose uhu, vakadzi vakabviswa zvishoma nezvishoma kubva munzvimbo idzodzo dzeupristi. Nepo vahosi vainyanya kubatanidzwa nechitendero chemwarikadzi Hathor vaive nezvinzvimbo zvavo neropafadzo.
Nenzira iyi, vakadzi vakanga vasiri voumambo hweIjipiti vakanga vachinyangarika pazvinzvimbo zvepamusoro nevaprista, kunyange zvazvo vakadzi vakaramba vachishumira nokunamata Mwarikadzi Hathor kuburikidza nenziyo, sezvo vazhinji vevakadzi ava vaiva vaimbi mutemberi dzainamatwa vamwari munyika yose. geography yeEgypt.
Mhemberero netsika yainyanya kupiwa mutemberi dzakasiyana-siyana kuna mwari upi noupi weEgipita chaive chinopiwa chezuva nezuva. Imomo chifananidzo kana kuti chifananidzo chamwari weEgipita ainamatwa chaifanira kupfekwa nokudyiswa.
Iyi tsika yemazuva ose yaiitwa nenzira imwe chete mutemberi dzose dzeEgipita. Kunyangwe zvese izvi zvinhu zvakapihwa sezvizhinji zvinopihwa mumatemberi ese. Asi miitiro yaiitwa mukukudza mwarikadzi Hathor yakagamuchira zviridzwa zvakadai se<em>sistrum. Kuwedzera kune menat necklace. Munguva dzakazotevera Mwarikadzi Hathor akapiwa magirazi maviri aizomiririra zuva nemwedzi.
Mapato muzita ramwarikadzi
Muzita ramwarikadzi Hathor, mitambo yegore negore yaiitwa kumuremekedza nokumuremekedza, uye mitambo iyi yaisanganisira mimhanzi, kutamba, uye zvinwiwa zvaiva netsika sechinangwa chavo chikuru. Vanhu vose vakapinda mumitambo iyi vaida kusvika pamwero wakati womufaro worudzidziso.
Ndicho chikonzero nei vakazviita sezvo zvakanga zvakaoma zvikuru kana kuti zvisina kujairika kuita rudzi urwu rwomutambo murudzidziso rweEgipita. Munzveri uye nyanzvi yeEgyptologist Graves-Brown akasvika pakutaura kuti vanhu vaichengeta mazororo aya muzita ramwarikadzi Hathor vaida kutsvaka chimiro chakachinjwa chendangariro kuti vazvibvumire vamene kubatira pamwe nenzvimbo youmwari.
Muenzaniso wakajeka waive bato rainzi Drunkenness, ikoko kudzoka kweziso raRa kwakarangarirwa, izvi zvakapembererwa pazuva rechimakumi maviri romwedzi waTot. MumaTemberi mainamatwa Mwarikadzi Hathor uye neziso ramwari Ra, yaipembererwa munguva yeMiddle Kingdom asi yaizivikanwa zviri nani munguva dzePtolemaic neRoma.
Kutamba, zvokudya uye zvinwiwa zvakagoverwa panguva yepati yeKudhakwa zvakamiririrwa sezvinopesana nemarwadzo, nzara nenyota izvo vaIjipita vaifanira kupfuura uye izvi zvakabatanidzwa nerufu. Kunyange apo chisimba cheziso raRa chakasunungurwa, chakaunza njodzi nerufu kuvanhu. Ndosaka mutambo wekudhakwa unopembererwa hupenyu, kuwanda uye mufaro.
Mune rimwe bato rinoitika muTheban iro rinozivikanwa seMutambo Wakanaka weMupata uye unobva kuMiddle Kingdom paunotanga kupembererwa muMiddle Kingdom, mufananidzo wavainawo Mwari Amun uye unonamatwa muTembere. yeKarnak. Asi vakachiendesawo kune dzimwe temberi dzakadai seNecropolis neTebana. Panguva iyo vanhu vemunharaunda vakatozoenda kumarinda uko kwakaonekwa hama dzavo dzemushakabvu dzichikwanisa kuvaitira zvipiriso, pakati pekudya, kunwa nekutandara.
Kunyange zvazvo Mwarikadzi Hathor asina kumbopindira mumitambo iyi kusvika pakutanga kweHumambo Hutsva. Pazvakaonekwa, kuvapo kweAmun kwaive mumatemberi eDeir el-Bahari uye ichi chaionekwa sechiito chekubatana kwepabonde pakati paMwari uyu namwarikadzi Hathor.
Matemberi akawanda akavakwa munguva yePtolemaic, kusanganisira iyo iri muguta reDendera, kwavanopemberera Gore Idzva reEgypt nemhemberero nemitambo, uko mufananidzo wehumwari waanopirwa. Mutero unomutsiridzwa nekusangana naMwari Zuva.
Mumazuva pamberi peGore Idzva reIjipita, chifananidzo chamwarikadzi Hathor chakawanikwa muguta reDendera chinotamirwa kune wabet, inova kamuri chaiyo mutemberi yakatsaurirwa kumubatanidzwa wemifananidzo yechitendero pamwe chete namwari wezuva.
Munzvimbo iyoyo inoiswa pasi pedenga rakashongedzwa nemifananidzo yakasiyana-siyana yezuva nedenga. Ipapo, pazuva rokutanga reGore Idzva reEgipita, uri mwedzi wokutanga waThoth, chifananidzo chamwarikadzi Hathor chaitorwa pamusoro pedenga retembere kuti chigoshambidzwa nechiedza chezuva, chichiita kuti chifananidzike. Mwari weSolar Ra kana Horus.
Mhemberero iyo yakanyatso kunyorwa pamusoro pekunamata mwarikadzi Hathor mutambo unoitika muPtolemaic unozivikanwa seMutambo weMusangano Wakanaka. Mutambo uyu unoitika mumwedzi weApep uye unotora mazuva angangoita gumi nemana. Mufananidzo wamwarikadzi Hathor unowanikwa muguta reDendera unotakurwa nechikepe kuenda kutemberi dzakasiyana-siyana kunonamatwa mwarikadzi Hathor uye nokudaro anogona kushanyira vamwe vamwari.
Rwendo rwunotorwa nechifananidzo chemwarikadzi Hathor ruchaperera mutemberi yaMwari Horus muguta reEdfu. Ikoko mufananidzo wamwarikadzi Hathor uchasangana nomufananidzo waMwari Horus uye zvose zviri zviviri zvichaiswa pamwe chete.
Sezvo bato richizotora mazuva gumi nemana, rimwe zuva rinotorwa kutora zvidhori zviviri zvaMwari Horus namwarikadzi Hathor pamwe chete kuti vavige uye vaonekwe saMwari weZuva uye Ennead. Mamwe magwaro echiIjipiti epanguva iyoyo anosimbisa kuti vanamwari vaviri ava vaiita tsika nezvibayiro kuvamwari vakavigwa.
Vatsvakurudzi vakawanda uye veEgyptologist vakafunga kuti mutambo uyu wakafanana nemuchato pakati paMwari Horus uye Mwarikadzi Hathor. Kunyangwe muongorori weEgypt Martin Stadler achisiyana nepfungwa iyi uye anoisiyanisa, izvo zvavanoita vanamwari ava kumutsiridza vamwari vanovigwa.
Mumwe muongorori anozivikanwa saCJ Bleeker akafunga Mutambo Wekuungana Kwakanaka semhemberero yekudzoka kwamwarikadzi Kure. Sezvo izvi zvichibva pane nhema yeziso rezuva rinotsanangurwa mumatemberi pamazororo. Nenzira imwecheteyo, Barbara Richter anotsigira kuti bato rinongomiririra zvinhu zvitatu panguva imwe chete, izvo kuberekwa kwaMwari Horus uye Mwarikadzi Hathor nemwanakomana wavo, Mwari muduku Ihy.
Izvi zvinopembererwa muguta reDendera mushure memwedzi mipfumbamwe yeMutambo wemusangano wakanaka sezvo izvi zvichimiririra kushanya kwakaitwa namwarikadzi Hathor kuna Mwari Horus nenzira iyi vanomiririra kubata pamuviri kwemwanakomana wavo Ihy.
Kunamata Kumucheto kweIjipiti
Munguva yeUmambo hweEgypt Yekare, madzimambo navanafarao vaipa zvinhu kutemberi yainamatwa Mwari wechikadzi Bhaalati Gebhari, yaiva muguta reByblos, vachishandisa shanduro yamwarikadzi Bhaalati pamwe chete namwarikadzi Hathor. hukama hukuru hwebhizinesi neguta iri rinonzi Byblos. Munguva yekutonga kwaThutmosis III, temberi yakavakwa iyo yakatsaurirwa kuna Mwarikadzi Hathor kuti ape mutero kwaari uye kumudana kuti mudzimai weByblos.
Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vachiti iyo yakavakwa yaiva nzvimbo tsvene mukati metemberi yamwarikadzi Bhaarati Gebhari. Nekuwa kweEgypt New Kingdom. Mwarikadzi Hathor, uyo aiva noukoshi hukuru nomukurumbira, akawira pamwe chete nezvisungo zvokutengeserana zvaiva nematunhu ose ari maviri.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvakatanhamara kubva pakutanga kwemireniyumu yokutanga Kristu asati auya zvinoratidza kuti panguva iyoyo munhau vaEgipita vakatanga kurondedzera vanamwarikadzi Isis namwarikadzi Bhaalat Gebhari.
Pane ngano yengano pamusoro pekuvapo kwamwarikadzi Isis mutaundi reByblos. Kunyange zvazvo chokwadi ichi chakataurwa mumutauro wechiGiriki naPlutarch mubhuku rine musoro unoti Isis naOsiris muzana remakore rechipiri AD. C., ipapo panoratidzwa kuti Mwarikadzi Isis akanga atotsiva uye atora kutonga kweguta reByblos mainamatwa Mwarikadzi Hathor.
VaIjipiti vaiva muSinai vakavakawo temberi munzvimbo iyoyo. Temberi huru yainzi Serabit el-Khadim, yaive kumadokero kwepeninsula. Yakanga yakatsaurirwa kuchinamato chamwarikadzi Hathor uyo aive musande wemigodhi munzvimbo iyoyo.
Inobva pakati peMiddle Kingdom uye kusvika pakupera kweEgypt New Kingdom. Kumabvazuva kwepeninsula yacho kwaiva neMupata unozivikanwa zvikuru weTimna. Kuganhurana nemiganhu yeEmpire Empire, iyi ndiyo yaive nzvimbo iyo nzendo dzemigodhi dzemwaka dzakatanga panguva yeHumambo Hutsva.
Paive nenzvimbo tsvene yakanangidzirwa kuna Mwarikadzi Hathor iyo nekufamba kwenguva yakasiiwa nekuda kwemwaka yakaderera yakaitika munzvimbo iyoyo. VaMidhiani vemo, avo vakanga vari vanhu vaishandisa vaEgipita sebasa rokuchera migodhi. Ivava vakakwanisa kupa mipiro kuna Vanamwarikadzi vaHathor yakaitwawo nevakuru vavo.
Pashure penguva yakati vaIjipita vakasarudza kusiya nzvimbo iyoyo munguva yedzinza rechiXNUMX. VaMidhiani vakasarudza kuchinja temberi iyoyo kuti ive nzvimbo tsvene yokunamatira vanamwari vavo. Pane kudaro, maNubians aive kumaodzanyemba kweEgypt vakasarudza kutora chitendero cheEgypt, muHumambo Hutsva apo guta reNubia raive pasi pehutongi hweEgipita.
Vanafarao vakaraira kuvakwa kwetembere dzakawanda muguta reNubia dzakatsaurirwa kunamata Mwarikadzi Hathor. Pakati pavo, temberi yaFaras neyaMirgissa inotanhamara. Pamusoro pezvo, temberi dzaRamses II naAmenophis III dzakavakwa muguta reNubia dzakakudza vamwari vechikadzi vakasiyana vakaita samwarikadzi weEgipita Hathor. Pamusoro pemukadzi waAmenofi, Tiy muguta reSedeinga.
Munguva iyoyo humambo hwakazvimirira hweKush hwakamuka muguta reNubia. Humambo uhwu hwakanangidzira zvitendero zvahwo pamadzimambo eKushite sezvo pfungwa yavo yaive yehumambo hweEjipita. Ndosaka vaiona vamwarikadzi Hathor, Isis, Mut naNut savanaamai. Vanamwarikadzi ava vakaita basa rinokosha muchitendero chevaKushite.
Muumambo hweGebheri Barkal yaive nzvimbo inoera kwazvo kuna Mwari Amuni. Ndicho chikonzero nei Kushita Tahargo akaraira kuvakwa kwematemberi maviri, yekutanga muzita ramwarikadzi weEgipita Hathor uye imwe temberi kuna mwarikadzi Mut. Sezvo vamwari vese vari vaviri vaive shamwari yamwari Amun. Uku ndiko kwaive kutsiviwa kwetembere dzakasara kubva kuNew Egypt Empire.
Kunyangwe muguta reNubia mwarikadzi ainyanya kunamatwa aive Isis, nekufamba kwenguva chinzvimbo chake chakawedzera, ndosaka munguva yeMeroitic munhoroondo yeguta reNubia mwarikadzi Hathor aizova shamwari yevamwarikadzi Isis mumatemberi. iri munzvimbo iyoyo.
Kunamatwa kwakakurumbira kwamwarikadzi
Kunyange zvazvo tsika nemitambo zvaiitwa mumatemberi. VaEgipita vainamata vamwari vavo vari voga nokuda kwezvikonzero zvomunhu oga zvakawanda mudzimba dzavakamuitira atari sezvo kuberekwa kwomwana kwakanga kune ngozi zvikuru kuna amai pamwe chete nomucheche muEgipita yakare.
Asi vana vaidiwa zvikuru nemhuri, ndokusaka kubereka uye kubereka mwana zvisina ngozi zvakanga zviri pokutanga kuvaEgipita uye itiro hanya murudzidziso rwakakurumbira. Ndicho chikonzero nei vanamwarikadzi vembereko vakadai saHathor naTueris vainamatwa zvikuru munzvimbo tsvene dzakagadzirwa mudzimba.
Vakadzi veEgipita pavakanga vava kuda kusununguka, vakagwamba kana kuti kupfugama pacheya yokuberekesa yakanga yakagadzirwa nezvidhinha uye yaiva neburi pakati.
Parizvino, chigaro chimwe chete chekuberekwa kubva kuEgypt yekare chakachengetedzwa uye chakashongedzwa mumufananidzo unoratidza mukadzi akabata mwana wake uye pamativi ane mufananidzo weMwarikadzi Hathor achimubatsira.
Munguva dzevaRoma paive nemifananidzo yaigadzirwa neteracotta yaishandiswa mumusha, uko vakadzi vaimiririrwa vachigadzira musoro asi vachiburitsa nhengo dzavo dzesikarudzi. Sezvo Mwarikadzi Hathor akanga amboita kuti akurudzire Mwari Ra. Kunyangwe zvinorehwa nenhamba idzi hazvisati zvazivikanwa.
Asi vatsvakurudzi vakapikisa kuti zviumbwa zvinomiririra Mwarikadzi Hathor naVamwarikadzi Isis kana kuti zvakabatanidzwa namwarikadzi wechiGiriki Aphrodite. Nekuratidza kuti vakaorera uye vane dziviriro kubva munzvimbo dzisina kunaka.
Mwarikadzi Hathor akanga ari mumwe wavamwari vashomanene vakakumbirwa kupedza zvinetso zvomunhu oga, sezvo vaEgipita vazhinji vaiunza zvipiriso zvavo zvomunhu oga kutembere. Nepo zvizhinji zvezvinopiwa zvaipiwa mwarikadzi weEgipita Hathor zvakanga zviri zvechiratidzo chaaimirira muEgipita.
Zvipiriso zvakagamuchirwa namwarikadzi Hathor akanga ari machira akapendwa mavara akasiana-siana, pamwe chete nemifananidzo yamwarikadzi mumwe cheteyo nemifananidzo namahwendefa aimirira mhuka, asi rudzi urwu rwezvipiriso hazvizivikanwi kuti chairevei. Mimwe mifananidzo inotaura nezvemabasa aaiita muumambo hweIjipiti. Asi akanga asina kuitirwa chinangwa chikuru chomupi wezvipo. Kunyangwe zvichinzi zvipiriso izvi zvaifanira kuita kuti Mwarikadzi afare uye asaburitse divi rake rine njodzi uye rinotyisa sezvo aigona kukonzera kuparadza kwakawanda muguta nepanyika.
VaEgipita vakawanda vakanyora minyengetero kuna Mwarikadzi Hathor kuti varange mbavha uye kuti vanhu vakanga vane utano husina kunaka vaporeswe uye vamwe vapfidze nokuda kwezviito zvavo zvakaipa. Kunyange zvazvo minamato yainyanya kukosha pamusoro pamwarikadzi Hathor yaiva yokuti anounza zvakawanda kumhuri nevagari veEgipita pamwe chete nechikafu chakawanda muupenyu uye kuvigwa kwakanaka panguva yerufu.
Práctica dzimba dzemariro
Sezvo Mwarikadzi Hathor anozivikanwa samwari wepashure perufu, nyaya yake inoonekwa muEgypt funerary art zvinyorwa. Pamwe chete nevamwe vamwari vakaita saOsiris naAnubis. Mwarikadzi Hathor ndiye mwarikadzi ainyanya kushandiswa mukushongedza makuva ehumambo panguva yeIjipita Humambo Hutsva.
Munguva iyoyo mwarikadzi aioneka kazhinji kazhinji saMwarikadzi akagamuchira vakafa kuti avabetsere kuyambukira kuupenyu hwapashure porufu. Mimwe mifananidzo yakasara nekufamba kwenguva inoreva mwarikadzi Hathor zvisina kunanga. Pane mifananidzo inoratidza vakadzi nevarume vachiita chivanhu chenhokwe icho chavakaita chaive chekuzunza asi tsika iyi hazvizivikanwe kuti chinangwa chayo chikuru chaive chei. Asi zvimwe zvinyorwa zvichiripo zvinoona kuti ruzha urwu rwaive rwamwarikadzi Hathor.
Kana iwe wawana chinyorwa ichi nezve Goddess Hathor chakakosha, ini ndinokukoka iwe kuti ushanyire anotevera malink: