Egypt nhoroondo yayo huru tinotoziva kuti inodzokera kumashure makore anopfuura 2000 asi isu tinoziva nezvevamwari vayo, Nhasi tinokuunzirai kuburikidza nechinyorwa chino chinonakidza zvese zvine chekuita nemazita evamwe. Vanamwari VaIjipita uye zvimwe zvakawanda
25 Vanamwari vekuEgipita (Biography, Unhu uye Nhaka)
Vamwari veEgipita ndivo vaiva nhamba huru dzezvitendero netsika munzanga yekare yeEgipita. Aya marudzi okutenda akaumba mutoo wakaoma zvikuru webatira pamwe pakati pavamwari navanhuwo zvavo, vachipwiswa nokudzora namasimba masimba aava vamwari, vanokwanisa kuchinja mugumo wavanhu.
Nenzira iyi, hunhu, zvipiriso, minamato uye dzimwe tsika dzakatsaurirwa kuna vamwari veEgipita, zvakange zvakanangwa chete kuwana tsitsi uye kukwanisa kuvimba nenyasha dzavo.
Kune rumwe rutivi, munhu anozivikanwa zvikuru kubva kuEgypt yekare ndiye pharao uyo, kunze kwekutonga, akashanda sechibatanidzo pakati pehumwari nevanhu. Vagari vemo vakaratidzira marudzi ose okuteerera kwaari kuti vachengete vamwari vavo “vanofara” uye kuchengeta chimiro chechigarire chenhevedzano norugare.
Vamwari vanokosha zvikuru veEgipita
Pazasi pane rondedzero yevamwari vanokosha veEgipita, ine tsananguro pfupi yeumwe neumwe uye tsananguro yekurudziro yavakave nayo munhoroondo yose.
1.geb
Akanga ari mwari waSeti, Nephthys, naOsiris, uye akarondedzerwa somurume ane hanzi mumusoro make. Hapana rudzi rwekunamatwa kwave kunzi kwaari nekuda kwemamiriro ake saMwari wepanyika. Kwakanga kuri chiratidzo chokubereka, uye kudengenyeka kwapasi muEgipita kwaibatanidza mwari Geb nokuseka kwake.
2. Ammit
Muviri wemwarikadzi uyu wakaumbwa nemhuka nhatu dzakasiyana: shumba, ngwena nemvuu. Kusiyana nevamwe vamwari vose, Ammit aionekwa sedhimoni uye aityiwa nokuda kwezvose zvaaimiririra (rufu).
3.Shu
Baba vaNut naGeb uye murume weTefnut. Pamwe chete naye, vaive vamwari vekutanga veEgipita vakagadzirwa naAtum. Akanga ari mwari wedenga nezuva; Basa guru raShu rakanga riri rokutsigira muviri wamwarikadzi Nun nokudaro ndokuparadzanisa denga napasi.
4. Nzungu
Mai mwarikadzi waNephthys, Seti, Isis naOsiris. Nekuda kwekuumbwa kwemuviri wayo mudiki uye wakareba, yaimiririra denga. Maererano neEgypt yekare, Nut aimedza zuva manheru ega ega uye aivhenekera panguva yekuzorora kwemangwanani. Mufananidzo waro wakajeka unowanikwa mumatemberi mazhinji, pamwe chete nemabhokisi evakafa.
5. Amun
Mwari uyu aizivikanwawo saAmoni uye aive mwari mukuru weguta reThebes. Akanga ari mutsigiri wavafarao veguta rimwe chetero uye akaiswa panzvimbo yakakwirira zvikurusa yeboka ramwari pedyo namwari Ra. Kubatana pakati paAmun naRa kwakabereka mwari anonzi Amon-Ra, uye akabhabhatidzwa sa“mambo wavamwari”.
6.Anubis
Mwari uyu aimirirwa semunhu ane musoro wehunguhwe. Mwanakomana waSeti naNefitsi, ndiye aiva mudziviriri wevakafa. Anubis ndiye aive nebasa rekuunza vakafa kuzuva ravo rekuparadzwa. Zvaive zvakabatanawo nehurongwa hwekuchemedza uye kuchengetedzwa kwemitumbi.
7. um heh
Akanga ari mwari wepasi, ane zita raiva nerevo ye“mudyari asingagumi”. Aifananidzirwa nemurume ane musoro wembwa aigara mudziva remoto.
8. Anati
Mwari wechikadzi aikosheswa zvikuru mutsika dzechiEgypt yekare. Tembere dzinoverengeka dzakapiwa kwaari, nokuti aimiririra mwarikadzi wehondo. Mwari Ramses pachake akatumidza mwanasikana wake kuti Bint Anat (mwanasikana waAnat muchiArabic).
9. Kutsvoda
Kusiyana nevamwe vamwari, Bes akadhonzwa akatarisa kumberi kwete muprofile. Aive mupfuhwira, ane mitezo mipfupi, aine rurimi rwakanamira, uye ainzi mwari wekubereka. Bes anofungidzirwa kuti aidzinga madhimoni usiku uye akadzivirira vanhu kubva kumhuka dzine njodzi.
10. Kufara
Aiva mwari aimiririra mafambiro eNairi, aiva murume ane mazamu makuru nedumbu uye chishongo mumusoro make chakaitwa nezvinomera zvomumvura. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti aigara mumapako enzizi uye kuti chitendero chake chakaitwa chakapoteredza guta reAswan.
11. Horus
Mukwikwidzi mukuru wamwari Seti, mwari uyu akanga ari muzukuru waIsis naOsiris. Mufananidzo wake wakagara usingazivikanwi: vamwe veEgyptologist vanoti akanga ari murume ane musoro wefalcon, vamwe sefalcon yakazara, uye vamwe vanoti Horus aiva mukomana ane vhudzi-bvudzi akagara pamakumbo amai vake.
Mushure mekuuraya mwari Seti, akava mambo weEgipita, akanga ari mwari wedenga uye aionekwa semudziviriri wemadzimambo.
12. Imhotep
Aive mumwe wevashoma vashoma kuwana chinzvimbo chaMwari. Aive nyanzvi yemasvomhu yekuIjipita uye akashanda sechancellor panguva yeTatu Dynasty. Iye pachake akavaka guva rake mune yaizova nzvimbo yake yokupedzisira yokuzororera (ave akavanda kubva ipapo uye haasati azivikanwa kwaaripi).
13.isis
Munhu akakosha mungano dzeEgypt yekare, Isis aive mudzimai waOsiris naamai vaHorus. Aive akabatana netsika dzemariro uye anonzi akagadzira amai vekutanga kubva kumasara akachekwa aOsiris.
Paakamutsa Osiris, akapa upenyu kuna Horus, iyo yaakanziwo mwarikadzi weupenyu, kuporesa uye mudziviriri wemadzimambo. Kune tsika yekare, Isis aimiririra mudzimai akanaka, ane rudo, akazvipira uye ane hanya.
14. Nephthys
Mwanasikana waGeb naNut, hanzvadzi yaIsis, mudzimai waSeti uye amai vaAnubis, mwarikadzi uyu aizivikanwa se "mukadzi wedzimba dzeumambo". Kufanana namwarikadzi Isis, Nephthys anonzi mwarikadzi weEgipita anochengeta vakafa.
15. Osiris
Mumwe wavamwari vanokosha zvikuru, akanga ari mambo wokutanga weEgipita. Zvaifungidzirwa kuti ndiye akaunza budiriro kurudzi rwevanhu. Akamutswa nomudzimai wake Isis, nokudaro akava mwari wepasi nomutongi mukuru worufu.
16.Ra
Akanga ari mwari mukuru wezuva, anomirirwa somunhu ane musoro worukodzi. Husiku hwega hwega aienda kunyika yepasi kuti arwise uipi nemhirizhonga, uye mambakwedza aizvarwa patsva. Madzimambo eIjipita aizviti vazukuru vaRa, ndicho chikonzero vaizviti "Vanakomana vaRa".
17. Seti
Akanga ari mwanakomana waGeb naNut, mukoma waOsiris. Ainzi mwari werima, nyonganyonga nenyonganyonga. Akafananidzwa nemurume ane mhino refu nenzeve refu, zvichida dehenya remhungu. Seti akauraya munun'una wake uye akaba chigaro cheushe cheEgipita, uye vazhinji vevamwari vaimuvenga. Horus akakwanisa kupedzisa Seti, mune yainzi ihondo pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa.
18. Tefnut
Mwarikadzi wekunyorova nekuora, aive mukadzi waShu naamai vaNut naGeb. Pamwe chete nemurume wake, vaive vamwari vekutanga vakagadzirwa naAtum. Akaratidzwa muzvimiro zviviri: mukadzi ane musoro weshumba kana shumbakadzi.
19.Ptah
Airangarirwa kuva musiki wenyika nokuda kwemifungo yake neminamato, naizvozvo akarangarirwa kuva mwari musiki. Ptah aiva neukama nemhizha uye aiva netemberi mukukudza kwake.
20. Nefertum
Maererano nengano dzeEgypt, pakutanga raive ruva relotus raivepo panguva yekusikwa kwenyika uye rakabva kutsime rehupenyu. Airangarirwa kuva mwanakomana wamwari musiki, Ptah, uye mwarikadzi Sekhmet. Aiwanzotaridzwa ari jaya rakanaka, rine muviri.
21.Mehen
Mwari weEgipita aimirirwa nenyoka huru airangarirwawo somumwe mwari anodzivirira. Akarwisa mwari Ra mukati mokuburuka kwake kwousiku murima (rangarira kuti Ra akanga ari mudziviriri wezvakanaka).
22.Khonsu
Zita rake rinoreva kuti “mufambi,” zvichida rine chokuita nerwendo rwaaiita manheru oga oga kumwedzi. Mwari uyu aiva nebasa rinokosha pakusika upenyu nezvisikwa. Nenzira iyi, aionekwa samwari wemwedzi.
23.Khnum
Ndiye mumwe wavamwari vekaresa veEgipita mungano uye anomirirwa somurume ane musoro wegondohwe. Zvikurukuru anotendwa kuva manyuko eNairi, akarangarirwawo kuva musiki wavana, uyo akavabudisa mumatope kuti avapinze mudumbu ramai vavo.
24.Ishtar
Akanga ari mwarikadzi worudo, mbereko, zvepabonde, hondo, uye simba. Aive mwanasikana waAnu. Zvinotendwa kuti ndiye munhu waMwari wepasi Venus.
25.Khepri
Uyu mwari weEgipita anofarirwa zvikuru mumanovhero enganonyorwa dzesainzi nemabhaisikopo. Yaiva nechokuita nebete reblue. Khepri inofananidzira kusikwa uye kuberekwa patsva. Akadhonzwa semunhu ane musoro webete.
Temberi yezuva, inonziwo astral, kubva kuOld Kingdom
Temberi yaNiuserre chete (Farao wedzinza reV) ndiyo yasara uye yasara. Temberi iyi iri muAbusir, kumaodzanyemba kweGiza.
Idzi itemberi dzakavakwa kuti vanamate zuva, Ra, uye kuti vazivisewo kuna Farao. Izvi zvinoruramisa zvinhu zviviri zvinoonekwa: obelisk uye chikepe chezuva. Ivo vari munzvimbo yerenje, matembere akavhurika, uye haazokanganisa Humambo Hutsva kusvika nguva yeAmenophis IV.
Temberi ye Niuserre
Inosanganisira pavilion mumupata waitaurirana nevamwe vese nenzira yakafukidzwa uye inotungamira kune yechipiri pavilion inovakwa kwakakodzera kwetembere yezuva.
Itaundi rakavakirirwa rine chivanze chakavhurika umo zvinhu zviviri zvinokosha zvinofanira kusimbiswa: atari iri seri kweobelisk, inoguma nepiramidhi, chikamu chendarama chinonyatso ratidza mwaranzi yezuva.
Kurudyi muchivanze kune nhevedzano yezvivako zviri matura uye nokuda kwezvimwe mhemberero. Obelisk yacho yaisvikwa kubva paberere rakatarisana nechivanze nemukoto waiva kuruboshwe. Kunze kwenzvimbo yakakomberedzwa, kune masara ematombo ekuvaka ayo anotendwa kuti ndiyo ngarava yezuva.
Temberi yemariro yevamwari veEgipita
Inoonekwa muHumambo hwekare asi haina chimiro chakanyatso cherechedzwa, icho chichaitika muHumambo Hutsva, iyo inoteedzera maitiro ane hunhu anozofanana neaya evamwari kana temberi dzekare.
Temberi yaMambokadzi Hatshepsut
Temberi iyi iri padivi pechivakwa chekuviga cheMentuhotep kuDeir el Bahari. Neimwe nzira ndinoitevedzera asi yakanyanya kuoma. Kunyange zvazvo ine ruvara rwakanyanya, haipesani nemamiriro ezvinhu, kunyange zvazvo inenge iine pendi uye imwe nzvimbo yezvinomera. Haisi temberi yemochari.
Inonzi hemispeans nekuti ine chikamu chakatarisana nekunze uye chikamu chakachekwa nedombo. Kuti usvike ikoko, pakanga paine nzira huru yakayambuka nemhomho yemasphinxes uye yakakomberedzwa nemapindu. Aya mapuratifomu matatu akaiswa kumusoro ane lintel chimiro chinotsigirwa nembiru dzinosvikwa nemarampu.
Kune machapel akatsaurirwa kuna vamwari vakasiyana, iyo inonyanya kukosha muHathor, uko kunochengetwa mbiru dzeHathoric dzinonakidza, uye muAnubis. Chikamu chekupedzisira chinochekwa mudombo. Inobva kune classical structure.
Yakanga ine yakakosha kwazvo kushongedzwa kwezvivezwa, zvese mukuyamura uye statuary. Yakavakwa nemugadziri weSenmut, uyo ainyanya kukosha, aitungamirira kudzidzisa vana vaHatshepsut uye zvichida kunyange mudiwa wamambokadzi.
Hatshepsut aive mambokadzi weGumi Regumi nesere akagara pachigaro semutongi wemwanakomana wake Thutmose III, aive achitarisira kuparadza akawanda emabasa amai vake. Kunyange zvazvo akanga ari mutongi, akatonga saFarao wechikadzi akazara uye ainzi aitonga somurume, waaiwanzofananidzirwa kwaari akadaro.
El ramesseum
Yakarairwa kuti ivakwe naFarao Ramses II wedzinza rechiXNUMX, asi kwasara matongo mashoma. Yakanga iri chivharo chikuru chakapambwa zvakanyanya uye kubva pakutanga matombo akatanga kubviswa kuti avakwe gare gare.
Padivi payo pakawanikwa zvisaririra zvedzimba dzekuchengetera zvinhu. Mbiru dzeOsiris dzakashandiswa mukuvakwa kwayo uye zvisaririra zve colossus yakaputsika zvinosara.
Heano mamwe malink aunofarira: