Vagari venzvimbo yekofi vane midzi yavo muPaisa kuzivikanwa. Vanomira pachena nekuda kwemutsa wavo, kubishaira kwavo, mweya wavo webhizimusi uye chishuwo chavo chekufamba. Tsika dzayo, gastronomy yayo, nzira yayo yekutaurirana uye nhoroondo yayo inoita paisa tsika imwe yevakapfuma muColombia.
paisa tsika
MuColombia, munhu akaberekerwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwenyika, kunyanya kubva kumadhipatimendi eAntioquia, Caldas, Risaralda neQuindío, anozivikanwa saPaisa. Uye zvakare, mamwe matunhu edhipatimendi reValle del Cauca (kuchamhembe) uye Dhipatimendi reTolima (kumadokero) anozivikanwa nePaisa tsika. Maguta makuru munharaunda yePaisa iMedellin, Pereira, Manizales neArmenia.
Etymology
Paisa ishoko rekuti "countryman" rinoshandiswa munzvimbo zhinji dzeAmerica, muColombia rinoratidza boka rinotsanangurwa zvetsika nemutauro, rinozivikanwawo se "mountaineer" kana "antioqueño", tichireva nezveAntioquia yekare, iyo yaisanganisira mamwe mapurovhinzi. de Paisa, iro raive dare rimwechete rekutonga kusvika pakusikwa kweNyika yeCaldas muna 1905). Mumitauro, zvinoreva izwi rekuti (kureva) rakajairwa nemadhipatimendi eAntioquia, Caldas, Quindío, Risaralda, kuchamhembe nekumabvazuva kweMupata, uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweTolima.
Genetics
Panyaya yegenetics, maPaisas vanhu vari vega. Ongororo yeDNA inoratidza kuti huwandu hwekutanga hwepaisa hwakagadzirwa zvakanyanya nemusanganiswa wevarume kubva kuIberian Peninsula nevakadzi veAmerindian, zvino panguva yekuenderera kwekufamba kubva peninsula yakabatana neyakagadzikwa, kuwedzera chikamu cheEurope, izvi zvakakonzera kuti parizvino huwandu hwepaisa hune madzitateguru ekuEurope.
VaSpain vanobva kuExtremadura ndivo madzitateguru makuru ePaisas, segavhuna wekutanga wedunhu mukoloni Gaspar de Rodas. Mataundi anoverengeka, maguta, uye nzvimbo munharaunda yePaisa dzakapiwa mazita namataundi, maguta, nzvimbo, kana kuti mavara, semuenzaniso: Medellín nokuda kweMedellín de Badajoz; Cáceres mudunhu reCáceres; Valdivia kumukundi Pedro de Valdivia.
Historia
Mugore ra1537 mukundi Francisco Cesar akatungamirira rwendo rwekubva kuUrabá kuenda kurwizi rweCauca muDabeiba, achirambwa nevarwi vari pasi pemurairo wemukuru Nutibara. Muna 1540 Marshal Jorge Robledo akatanga guta reCartago. Nharaunda iyi yaive yakasarudzika kubva kune iyo koloni yese nekuti, kunyangwe ichokwadi chekuti makomo eAntioquia aiyevedza kuchera goridhe nekupfuya mombe, aive asiri ekugadzira nzvimbo dzakakura dzevanhu dzakadai seCartagena de Indias kana Santa Fe de Bogotá. .
Uku kuzviparadzanisa kubva kune imwe koloni ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekuzivikanwa kwetsika dzepaisas mukati meColombia yenyika. Kubva muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX kusvika pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, mhuri zhinji dzePaisa dzakatamira kumaodzanyemba kwenharaunda yeAntioquia mune yava kunzi bhandi rekofi reColombia.
Uku kutama kwemukati kunozivikanwa munhoroondo yeColombia se "Colonization yeAntioquia". Panguva ino, mazhinji emaguta nemataundi munzvimbo iyi akavambwa, akadai seCaldas, Risaralda, Quindío uye mamwe mataundi kuchamhembe kweValle del Cauca uye kumadokero kweTolima.
Musi waKurume 1616, XNUMX, mushanyi Francisco de Herrera Campuzano akatanga dhorobha reVilla de San Lorenzo del Poblado muValle de Aburrá, iro raizonzi Villa de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Medellín, akazotora zita chairo reMedellin. .
Medellín yakasarudzwa guta guru repurovhinzi yeAntioquia muna 1826. Muna 1849, pedyo neNevado del Ruiz, Manizales yakatangwa. Muna 1856 nyika yeAntioquia yakagadzirwa ichiunza dzimwe hondo dzevagari vemo pakati pevakasununguka nevanochengetedza. Muna 1863 guta rePereira rakavambwa. Muna 1886, ine centralized Political Constitution, Dhipatimendi reAntioquia rakagadzirwa.
Muna 1889 Armenia yakasikwa. Muna 1905, pasi pehurumende yeGeneral Rafael Reyes, Dhipatimendi reCaldas rakagadzirwa nechikamu chekumaodzanyemba cheDhipatimendi reAntioquia. Muna 1966, Dhipatimendi reCaldas rakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: Caldas, Quindío uye Risaralda.
Territory
Iko hakuna kupatsanurwa kwekutonga uko "paisa dunhu" riripo, asi panzvimbo pezvo inhengo iyo paisa tsika iripo, zvisinei zvinokwanisika kumisikidza dzimwe nzvimbo seyakasikwa nzvimbo yevanhu vepaisa:
Dhipatimendi reAntioquia ine nharaunda ye63.612 square kilometers uye huwandu hwevanhu vanopfuura mamirioni matanhatu vagari, maererano ne2005 manhamba, zvisinei, hazvingatariswe kuti dunhu rayo rose rinosanganisirwa mukati mePaisa tsika. Iyo subregion muDhipatimendi reAntioquia Urabá uye kuchamhembe kwedhipatimendi zvakanyanya kubatanidzwa munharaunda yeCaribbean yenyika.
MaPaisas ari, mukati meDhipatimendi reAntioquia, kunyanya munzvimbo ine makomo, pakati uye kumaodzanyemba, mune inonzi "Montaña Antioqueña". Guta guru iMedellin, inodaidzwa kuti Guta reEternal Spring uye inoonekwa sechipiri chedhorobha uye maindasitiri nzvimbo yeColombia. MuMetropolitan Area yeMedellín kune mamwe maguta akakosha seRionegro, La Ceja, Santafé de Antioquia, Puerto Berrío, Yarumal nemamwe. Maodzanyemba akadziva kumadokero kweDhipatimendi reAntioquia chikamu cheColombia Kofi Dunhu.
Dhipatimendi reCaldas rakavambwa muna 1905 nenzvimbo ye7.888 square kilometers uye huwandu hwevanhu vanopfuura mazana mapfumbamwe ezviuru, maererano nehuwandu hwezviuru zviviri neshanu, guta guru, Manizales, rakavambwa neAntioquians muna 1849 uye. rinotumidzwa zita rekuti Guta reMasuo Akavhurika.
Mugore ra1966, Dhipatimendi reRisaralda rakagadzwa kuburikidza nenharaunda yeCaldas ine nzvimbo yakazara ye4.140. shanu, iro Guta guru ndiro Pereira, iyo yakavambwa muna 1863 uye inozivikanwa seLa querendon, night owl uye Morena.
Dhipatimendi diki muColombia ndiro Dhipatimendi reQuindío rine 1.845 square kilometers, rakavambwa muna 1966 neguta reArmenia, La Ciudad Milagro, seguta guru, maererano neruzhinji census ye2005 ine huwandu hwevanhu vanopfuura mazana mashanu ezviuru. vagari.
Maguta eDhipatimendi reTolima ayo ari ePaisa tsika ari kumadokero kwedhipatimendi uye ari Roncesvalles (yakavambwa neAntioquians mu1905); Herveo (yakatangwa muna 1860); Lebanon (yakavambwa muna 1849); Casabianca (yakatangwa muna 1886); Murillo (yakatangwa muna 1871); Armero (yakavambwa muna 1895) uye Villahermosa (yakavambwa muna 1887).
Mataundi nemaguta ekuchamhembe kweDhipatimendi reValle del Cauca vanewo mavambo avo muPaisa tsika: Seville (yakatangwa neAntioquians mu1903); Alcalá (yakatangwa muna 1819); Algeria (yakatangwa muna 1904, inozivikanwawo se“Medellincito”); Bolivar (yakatangwa muna 1884); Calcedonia (yakatangwa muna 1910) Cartago (yakatangwa muna 1540), El Águila (yakatangwa muna 1905); The Union (yakavambwa muna 1890); Versalles (yakatangwa muna 1894) uye Trujillo (yakatangwa muna 1922).
Dialect
ChiCastilian chinotaurwa nepaisas chinozivikanwa seAntioquian Spanish uye inoratidzika mukati meColombia, inokurumidza uye panguva imwechete yakapfava, ine maColombian akawanda uye matunhu ayo ayo dzimwe nguva asingazivikanwe mune mamwe matunhu enyika.
Humwe hwemashandisirwo echiCastilian netsika yePaisa ndeye voseo mukutaura kwekutaura. Iyo Paisa inoshandisa vos panzvimbo ye tu, iyo tú inoshandiswa mukukurukurirana kwepamutemo, kunyange zvazvo yakajairika kuishandisa pakati pemhuri neshamwari. Nyangwe zvakadaro, vos inongoshandiswa pakutaura uye haiwanzo shandiswa mumagwaro ehurumende kana mumapepanhau sezvinoitika kune dzimwe nzvimbo kunoshandiswa shoko racho.
Vanyori vakawanda vanoshandisa izwi iri mumabhuku avo kusimbisa kuzivikanwa kwavo saPaisas, pakati pevamwe Tomás Carrasquilla, Fernando González, Ochoa Manuel Mejía Vallejo, Fernando Vallejo naGonzalo Arango.
Kufanana nemitauro yakawanda yekuAmerica muCastilian, paisa haisiyanise ruzha rwe "s" kubva kuna "z" kana "c" yakapfava. Munharaunda yePaisa mune mataurirwo akasimba etsamba "s", rinotsanangurwa seapicoalveolar "s̺", izwi rekuchinja pakati pe "s" na "f", yakafanana neizwi "sh" sepakati uye. kuchamhembe kweSpain uye kumaodzanyemba kweCentral America. Iyo 'apicoalveolar' yakapesvedzerwa nemaBasques, Catalans neExtremadurans, uye seseo yakafurirwa nevaAndalusi neveCanarians.
Gastronomy
Paisa cuisine inopesvedzerwa zvakanyanya nenzvimbo yayo yemakomo ekumaruwa. Iyo inoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwayo hwezviyo, mupunga, chibage, nyama yenguruve, nyama yemombe, michero yedunhu, mbatatisi nemhando dzakasiyana dzemiriwo.
Iyo Paisa Tray ndiro inomiririra zvakanyanya yedunhu uye inozivikanwa zvakanyanya mumaresitorendi eColombian chikafu muSouth America, Europe uye United States. Kazhinji inogadzirwa ne carne asada kana pasi nyama yemombe, nyama yenguruve, mupunga, bhinzi yeitsvo, chidimbu che avocado, sweet fried plantains, zai rakakangwa, chibage chichena arepa, uye dzimwe nguva chorizo.
Sopa de mondongo muto wakagadzirwa necubed tripe (dumbu remombe kana nguruve) yakabikwa nemiriwo yakaita sebhero mhiripiri, hanyanisi, makarotsi, makabheji, celery, matomatisi, cilantro, gariki, nemuriwo wemidzi.
Antioquia empanadas inogadzirirwa nekuravira, mwaka uye zvimisikidzo zvinogara zvichishandiswa muAntioquia. Iyo inoratidzirwa nehupfu hwakaonda zvakanyanya uye kuzadza kwakanyatsonaka. Kuzadza kwakajairika nyama, kutanga kwezvose, uye mbatatisi.
Mazamorra muAntioquia anowanzo kuperekedza panela uye yakakurumbira padivi dish yekudya senge paisa tray. Chinwiwa chinowanzo sanganisira tsanga dzechibage, dzakapwanyika nedhaka, dzozoiswa mumvura, uye pakupedzisira dzakabikwa kusvika dzapfava. Mazamorra yakajairika kwemasikati uye kudya kwemanheru chero nguva yegore. Mazamorra ndeyechikafu cheColombia chinoshandiswa sendiro yedivi kana sendiro huru, ingave yakajairika kana isina kurongeka.
Mimwe madhishi nezvinwiwa iAntioquian bhinzi, bhinzi dzine mahwanda, Antioquian sancocho, Antioquian black pudding, Antioquian soseji, nyama yakagochwa kana yakagochwa, Posta kana dikita mukomana kana "sudao", Hogao, Calentao paisa, Arepa paisa kana Arepa de Tela, Pelao chibage, chakachekwa, chakatumidzwa zita remadunhurirwa, muleteer, chocolo neAntioquian cheese, Peto, Antioquian cheese, Lentils, Antioquian tamale, Antioquian empanadas, Arequipe paisa with brevas, Marialuisa and confectionery, Piononos, Panderos, Pandesoques, Pandesoques, Pandesoques neParvandeques, chocolate Parvande. , Custard.
mumhanzi
Mimhanzi yakasiyana-siyana inorimwa mudunhu rePaisa, kusanganisira yechinyakare, yemazuva ano uye inotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kune mamwe matunhu kana nyika. Zviridzwa zvinosarudzwa zvekududzirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemimhanzi, kunyanya yechinyakare, ndiyo tiple uye gitare.
El Pasillo imhando yemimhanzi yechinyakare uye yekutamba yakaberekerwa kuColombia, yaive yakakurumbira zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzaiumba Viceroyalty yeNew Granada muzana ramakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe. Yakaberekerwa muColombia uye yakakurumidza kupararira munharaunda yose, kunyanya Ecuador (uko inonzi inonzi rudzi rwemimhanzi yenyika) uye, zvishoma, mumakomo eVenezuela nePanama. VeVenezuelan vanotaura nezvemhando iyi yemimhanzi se "valse".
Mukati mePaisa tsika yakadzika midzi zvekuti National Hall Mutambo unorongwa gore rega mudhorobha reAguadas mudhipatimendi reCaldas. Carlos Vieco Ortiz ndomumwe wevanyori vanonyanya kufananidzira Paisa ane anopfuura mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe akaumbwa makorido, kusanganisira mikoto yebato rake uye mikoto yake inononoka, imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa kuve mukoridho "Towards Calvary".
La musica chitaera chemumhanzi wakakurumbira weColombia werumba uye mapati akatanga mudunhu reAntioquia, inozivikanwawo semumhanzi we cantina kana mimhanzi ye guascarrilera kana kungoti guasca. Varimi vedunhu vakateerera kumarudzi akasiyana emimhanzi kubva kuMexico, Ecuador, Peru neArgentina akadai seMexicoan rancheras, corridos uye huapangos, tangos, waltzes, tonadas, zambas neArgentina corridors, uye Ecuadorian nePeruvia corridors nema boleros.
Ava varimi vepaisa, mumaXNUMX nemaXNUMX, vakasarudza kududzira marudzi ese aya nenzira yavo, vachigadzira guasca, mumhanzi wevarimi uye wemugomo wakashanduka pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX uye kutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX mune inozivikanwa se. semumhanzi wemukoto.
Paisa trova kana copla chimiro chemimhanzi chakagadzirwa muDhipatimendi reAntioquia, uye ine vaimbi vaviri vanokwikwidzana nemavhesi akaimbwa uye ane nhetembo. Iyo Paisa trova iri mumhanzi yakapfava ine bhinari kana ternary rhythm uko chakanyanya kukosha kuvandudzwa mune zvinotaurwa uye hunyanzvi hweanopikisa troubadours. Nekubvumirana kwakawanda, Salvo Ruiz naÑito Restrepo de Concordia vanoonekwa sevagadziri vePaisa trova.
Iyo tango kubva kuArgentina neUruguay yakave yakakurumbira muPaisa tsika yekutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri. Carlos Gardel, aionekwa samambo we tango, akafa mutsaona yendege muguta guru redunhu rePaisa, Medellín, mugore remakumi matatu nemana. Munharaunda yeManrique yeMedellín ndiyo "Tangovia" uko kune chivakwa chekukudza Carlos Gardel uye Tango Mutambo unoitwa ipapo.
Flower Fair
Gore rega rega Flower Fair inoitwa muguta reMedellin, inova mhemberero yeguta, uye ndiyo inomiririra chiratidzo chePaisa tsika. Mumhepo yemafaro emhando yecarnival, zviitiko zvakasiyana siyana zvisina hukama nemaruva zvinounzwa, zvinosanganisira makwikwi, mapurisa emota, Paso Fino bhiza parade uye asingaverengeki makonti.
Yekutanga Flower Fair yakarongwa naArturo Uribe Arango, nhengo yeBhodi yeMedellín Development uye Tourism Office musi waMay XNUMX, XNUMX, kupemberera zuva reMhandara Maria. Mutambo uyu wakatora mazuva mashanu nechiratidziro chemaruva chakaratidzwa muMetropolitan Cathedral, iyo yakarongwa neMedellín Gardening Club uye Monsignor Tulio Botero.
Segore rechiuru nemazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi matanhatu nesere, zhizha rakachinjirwa kumwedzi waNyamavhuvhu kupemberera rusununguko rwedhipatimendi reAntioquia pamwe nekukwidziridza nekusimudzira hunhu hwePaisa tsika. Ruva Fair imhemberero yekufananidzira yekubudirira kwetsika uye yerudzi uye yehupenyu hwese hwedunhu rose.
Mutambo uyu unopa mazana ezviitiko zvese zvakazara neruvara uye zvakaputirwa nezvinonhuhwirira zvinopihwa nemaruva edunhu, zvinosanganisira zviitiko zvakaita seManyurusi neFondas, Silleteros Parade uye "Cavalcade" pamwe nematanho emimhanzi munharaunda dzese dzeguta.
Chimwe chezviitiko zveMedellin Flower Fair ndiyo Silleteros Parade. The silleteros parizvino vanoisa zvigaro zvavo mumhando ina: Emblematic zvigaro zvine meseji yehunhu nehunhu kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwezviratidzo zvenyika kana zvechitendero kana mukukudza munhu ane mukurumbira.
Iyo Monumental Silleta ndiyo hombe, ingangoita maviri nemamita maviri, ine ruvara rwakawanda uye kushamisira kukuru, dhizaini inofemerwa nemunyori wayo vachishandisa mabhoti ese emhando ina dzemaruva ane korona yemaruva pakati yakakomberedzwa negladioli. uye spikes.
Chigaro cheChinyakare magadzirirwo emasadhi anoshandiswa nevarimi parwendo rwavo rwekuenda kuguta reMedellin kuunza maruva. Hukuru hwayo hunosvika masendimita makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi masere nemhando dzinenge zana dzemaruva echinyakare kubva mudunhu.
Silleta yekutengeserana inotumirwa nekambani yekutengeserana inoda kuti zita rayo ribatanidzwe semubatsiri weMedellin Flower Fair.
Zviratidzo zvePaisa tsika
Kuzivikanwa kwetsika yePaisa yakadzika midzi munhoroondo yekoloni uye mune "paisa" kuzivikanwa, iyo inomira pachena nemutsa wayo, kushingaira, mweya webhizimusi uye chishuwo chekutamba. Izvi zvakakonzera kukudziridzwa kwenzvimbo uko kurimwa kwekofi ndiyo injini yayo huru yemagariro nehupfumi.
iyo poncho
Iyo poncho chikamu chezvipfeko zvakajairika zvevarimi vematunhu anotonhora edhipatimendi reAntioquia pamwe chete ne espadrilles ye cabuya, iyo Aguadeño hat, machete, iyo Carriel uye iyo zurriago. Icho chirevo pakati pevagari venharaunda iyo poncho inofananidzira kumbundirwa kwemhuri yePaisa.
Iyo Paisa poncho yakagadzirwa neshinda yakachena uye kazhinji ine yakasviba uye yakakomba mavara. Kare vaigona kushongedzwa nemitsetse mitsvuku neyero asi nekufamba kwenguva dhizaini yavo yakareruka. Parizvino maponcho anonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeedema, zvakare rima rebhuruu kana grey rinosvika dema.
Maererano ne "El testamento del Paisa" naAgustín Jaramillo Londoño, zviyero zveponchos zvinofanira kuva: «…Iyo iyo muridzi wayo anayo kubva paminwe yerumwe ruoko kusvika kuminwe yerumwe nemaoko akazaruka». Mamwe maponcho nhasi ane collar, asi izvi zvinobva munguva pfupi yapfuura.
Aguadeño Hat
Iyo Aguadeño hat chimedu chakagadzirwa nemaoko chave chiratidzo chePaisa tsika uye yedunhu rese. Iyo ngowani yeAguadeño yakarukwa neruoko nefiber yeIraca palm (Carludovica palmata) mudhorobha reAguadas, dhipatimendi reCaldas.
Kare, heti idzi dzaive nekorona yakakwira, asi hadzisisiri kugadzirwa nenzira iyoyo, saka iyi modhi inofarirwa zvakanyanya nevateresi. Mazuva ano anogadzirwa nekapu yepasi, ane short-brimmed kana kuti akafara-brimmed uye anogara ari ekupedzisira akachena chose uye kunze kwemukombe ane ribhoni dema. Iyo yepakutanga uye yechokwadi Hat yeAguadeño inogadzirwa nefiber yakatorwa kubva pamoyo weIraca palm uye ndiko kunobva kuchena kwayo.
Nhoroondo inoti mumwe murume wekuEcuador ainzi Juan Crisóstomo Flores ndiye akaunza heti iyi kunharaunda iyi muna 1860 uye akadzidzisa vanhu magadzirirwo ayo. Vagadziri vekutanga vaive varume vese, gare gare vakadzi vaizobatana nekugadzira kwavo.
Iyo fiber yeraca palm inoiswa pasi pehupfu hwesarufa, mushure mekunge yakabikwa uye yakaomeswa mumumvuri, kuti ipe ruvara ruchena runofananidzira, ipapo mhizha dzine unyanzvi dzichapedzisa basa nekupa heti kushanduka uye chimiro. Muguta reAguadas, muDhipatimendi reCaldas, iyo iraca hat yekugadzira indasitiri yakasvika pakukosha kukuru, kusvika yave kudada kwenzvimbo, sekutaura kunoita mavhesi edetembo "Aguadas, nenhetembo Aurelio Martínez Mutis.
"Kuruka ngowani, kuruka nziyo, Iraca inoshanda vasikana vako vakatendeseka, semanyurusi anoenda, zuva nezuva kuruka mazuva. Uye varuki vako vanoimba vachisindimara pamusoro porudo, mufaro, nokuora mwoyo; maoko anozvininipisa evakadzi vaya vanopenda micheka yakarukwa nesarufa vakaita kuti kuvira kwezuva kwenyu kuve kwero uye vakaita kuti mambakwedza enyu achene.
njanji
Iyo carriel kana guarniel imhando yebhegi redehwe kana chikwama chekushandiswa kwechirume chakajairwa nePaisa tsika yeColombia kubvira panguva dzeukoloni. Ichi chipfeko chinoshandiswa chinenge chakasarudzika nevagari venzvimbo yePaisa uye inosiyanisa madzishe eAntioquia. Iyo carriel yaishandiswa zvakanyanya nemanyurusi. Imwe yeayo akasiyana maficha huwandu hukuru hwehomwe nemakamuri ayo anayo, mamwe acho anogona kunge ari "chakavanzika".
Kana iyo Dhipatimendi reAntioquia yaive nzvimbo yekurima chete, ngoro yaive chipfeko chekushandisa zvakanyanya, asi sekufambira mberi kwemaitiro emaguta, yakasiiwa kuti ishandiswe nevarombo, zvisinei, kuve chidimbu chinomiririra, chakava chiratidzo. nharaunda uye yese Paisa tsika.
Kune akati wandei fungidziro nezvekwakabva zita rekuti carriel kana guarniel, mumwe wacho anoti anobva paizwi remutauro wechiFrench Cartier zvinoreva kuti bhegi remuvhimi, imwe fungidziro inoti ndiko kushanduka kwemutsara mumutauro weChirungu Takura zvese ne. zvinoreva kutakura zvinhu zvose. Imwe bviro ndeyokuti yakabva mumutauro wechiHebheru Carr-I-El, “kutakura kana kuti kutakura” kana kuti Guarni-El (guarniel), “kuchengeta”.
Chifukidziro kana kumberi kana facade yecarriel yakagadzirwa neganda remhuka risina kupepetwa, kuti ive yechokwadi paisa carriel inofanirwa kuve nemvere uye inofanira kunyatsokandwa, mabhegi asina bvudzi ndeekutevedzera asina chinhu chepakutanga paisa. nguo .
Iyo yepakutanga Antioquia carriel yakagadzirwa nehofori otter kana tigrillo ganda, yaishandiswawo, kunyanya kugadzira ganda reshumba (puma) kana tiger (jaguar), asi nguva pfupi yadarika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvezvakatipoteredza, kudzivirira kuvhima nekuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwesango. marudzi, ma facade e carriel anogadzirwa ne calfskin, iyo inochengetedza mharidzo yepakutanga.
Iyo carriel ine tambo kana tambo, yekuturika kubva pafudzi, inosvika masendimita mana yakafara, yakagadzirwa nedehwe rakatetepa uye yakavharwa nematehwe ematehwe. Mimwe njanji yakanaka kwazvo ine zvishongo zvinogadzirwa nesimbi ndiro kana ziso uye mifananidzo yakaoma kunzwisisa yakagadzirwa neshinda dzegirinhi, yeyero uye dzvuku.
Pakutanga mapaisa carrieles aingova nezvikamu zviviri kana zvitatu, izvi zvakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kusvikira zvave nehomwe gumi nesere. Njanji dzemazuva ano dzine homwe dzinokwana mapfumbamwe dzinosanganisira ma crests matatu kana homwe dzakavandika dzakavigwa pakati pemaraini.
The Machete
Badza chishandiso chekushanda chine kukona kumwe chete icho pane dzimwe nguva chaigonawo kushandiswa sechombo chipfupi, bhemba rakafanana nebanga asi rine badza rakareba uye rinorema rinowanzotakurwa nemurimi rakasungirirwa kuruboshwe rwechiuno chake. . Yakaputirwa musheath yeganda yakashongedzwa zvakanyanya, kazhinji ine ruvara rwebrown. Iyo peinilla yakafanana nebhemba asi ine kaviri kumucheto uye blade nhete.
Badza mumaoko emurimi waPaisa chaive chisiri chombo asi chaakapinda nacho mugomo kunomubvutira nesimba nekudikitira munda waaizorima uye kwaaizovaka misha yevatangi iyo nekufamba kwemakore yakava. maguta makuru. Badza raive mumaoko epaisa chaive chisiri chombo chekupara mhosva asi chaive chombo chekuvaka zviroto zvekufambira mberi kwenyika yakabudirira.
Vhesi re “Romance al arriero” rakanyorwa naGuillermo Córdoba Romero: Apuroni yecanvas inorira/ yakarembera kubva muhudyu; / sheath yemuzinga / inopesana negumbo inorova / uye, yakasviba. Pamusoro pemapendekete / nyurusi rinopetwa.
The Muleteers
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mamuleteers ndiyo quintessential inomiririra yePaisa tsika. Ndizvo zvakakosha kuti muleteer, Juan Valdez, ave mufananidzo weColombia munyika. Manyurusi ndiwo akazvipira kutyaira manyurusi kutakura zvinhu, nhumbi, mhuka nechikafu kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe kuitira kugutsa zvinodiwa nezvigadzirwa izvi mumadhorobha madiki. Kazhinji, mamuleteer vaive varume vane hutsinye, vasina kana zvidzidzo zvishoma, vane zviwanikwa zvakawanda uye vane hungwaru.
Kuti vaite basa ravo, manyurusi aifanira kutarisana nemigwagwa ine ngozi uye ine materu, vachitambura nemamiriro okunze akaipa emumakomo marefu. Nekuda kwenhamburiko yavo huru, vakakwanisa kwete chete kuvandudza mamiriro avo uye ayo emhuri yavo, asiwo kubatanidza imwe yenzvimbo dziri kure dzeColombian geography nenyika yese.
Mamuleteer akatanga muchiitiko ichi kubva vachiri vadiki kwazvo, vachiita zviitwa zvepasi pasi uye kuburikidza nemakore ebasa nekuzvipira vakakwanisa kuumba simba rehunhu uye hunhu hunoshingirira hwaizovabatsira kumirisana nezvido zvebasa uye nekudaro kukwira zvinzvimbo. .kusvika pazvinzvimbo zveutungamiri uye kutova nezvipfuwo zvavo.
Mamuleteer akabatsira mukufambira mberi kwehupfumi hwedunhu iri, nekubatanidza nenyika yese, kugadzira migwagwa mitsva ine mapanga ayo aizoendesa kunzvimbo dzaive dzisingasvikike kusvika panguva iyoyo, asi chikuru chavanopa kugadzirwa kwetsika yePaisa, ne tsika dzavo, mararamiro avo, maitiro avo ekutaura uye kugadzira Paisa kuzivikanwa.
The Chaporera
La Chapolera mugari wekuColombia anogara mudunhu reKofi mudunhu rePaisa uye akazvipira kukohwa kofi mumadhipatimendi eCaldas, Risaralda, Quindío, uye mamwe mataundi kuNorth kweValle del Cauca. Iyo chapolera inosiyaniswa nemaitiro ayo echivanhu ekupfeka uye chimiro chedunhu nebasa rayo. Zita rekuti chaporera vakaripihwa neshavishavi rinozivikanwa nezita rekuti Chapola iro rinoenda kuminda yekofi panguva yekukohwa.
Netsika, mukadzi wePaisa akazvitsaurira kumabasa epamba, uye zvakangoitika, munguva pfupi yapfuura, mushure mekukunda rusaruro rwechirume uye kuwana rusununguko rwake kuti vakadzi venzvimbo iyi vakakwanisa kuzvipira pakukohwa kofi, chiitiko icho. Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo, ine chirevo chekuti ufambe pakati pematunhu akasiyana nemapurazi uchitsvaga pekupa mabasa avo semuunganidzi.
Kazhinji, zvipfeko zvechapoleras zvine jira rakarukwa mumusoro uye neheti yepalm pamusoro. Iro donje bhurauzi rakachena nemaoko mapfupi, rine mutsipa wakakwirira uye bolero, kazhinji rine zvishongo zvinosanganisira embroidery, ruches, mabhegi uye tambo dzakasiyana, kana bhurauzi rakapfekwa nemaoko marefu aya haana chero zvishongo, chete lace pa gokora .
Mipendero yacho yakareba, inosvika masendimita masere pamusoro pechidzitiro, yakagadzirwa nekotoni yakadhindwa kaviri, iyo inodhindwa inowanzobudisa maruva uye yakashongedzwa nemucheka wekucheka. Muchikamu chezasi anopfeka imwe kana maviri boleros uye anogara akapfeka petticoat, siketi inowedzerwa nekushandiswa kweapron yekudzivirira. Seshangu ma chapolera anoshandisa espadrilles. Pasi pechirafu bvudzi rinoputirwa mumakumbo akasungirirwa nemarabhoni, ane tambo refu, candongas kana mhete uye ruva guru mubvudzi.
Anozadzisa chipfeko chake nebhasikiti rakarukwa nerattan yakaonda ine nzeve mbiri dzinoshandiswa kusungirirwa pachiuno, tswanda iyi inoshandiswa kunhonga kofi yakananga kubva kumatavi emuti wekofi uye woenda nayo kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza.
Semutero kumukadzi wePaisa uye kurumbidza magariro, magariro, tsika uye hunhu hwemhuri hwaanomiririra, gore rega rega muna Gumiguru Kutonga kweLa Chapolera kunoitwa pamhemberero dzekuyeuka kweguta reArmenia.
Ngano, ngano uye mashura ePaisa tsika
Mutsika yePaisa mune zvitendero zvisingaperi, izvo zvinosiyana munharaunda nenharaunda, sezvo kune zvakasiyana-siyana; zvisinei, mazhinji acho akajairika munzvimbo yese yePaisa. Dzimwe dzenguva zhinji ijeti yemeso akaipa; opals kubvisa zvitsinga; runyanga rwe unicorn, fang of the morrocoy, mbambo yechikara chikuru, fang of alligator, ziso renondo, dendere remacuá, congolo uye covalonga nezvimwe zvinhu zvemashiripiti zverombo rakanaka.
Mafirita erudo edhorobha reRemedios ane mukurumbira mukuru uye ave nemukurumbira muDhipatimendi rose reAntioquia. Ngano dzakawanda dzakakurumbira, kana vamwari vanodzivirira vemakomo, nzizi, mataundi neminda zvakajairwa nevagari veAntioquia uye pakati pevazukuru veAntioquian colonization.
Ngano dzevanhu vepagomo dzinogadzirwa kubva mukukora kwemasango, mumatsime enzizi nehova, mumapako nenzvimbo dzisina vanhu dzemakomo, dzakawanda dzengano idzi dzinobva panguva yekuumbwa kweAntioquia uye. kumuka kwezvinotendwa munharaunda yevatorwa.
Pakati pezvakanyanya kupararira ngano uye ngano iMadremonte, inova humwari hwemakomo nemasango eAntioquia neOld Caldas; Maererano nechitendero, inodzora mhepo, mvura uye nzvimbo yose yemiti. La Patasola, ndiye mwarikadzi wehukobvu hwesango remhandara uye pamusoro pemawere emakomo, anoratidzika semukadzi ane gumbo rimwe chete rinopera mumahwanda emombe, asi anogona kuchinja zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.
IHojarasquín yemasango, inofananidzwa nemasango, ayo anoonekwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, achikwanisa kuva semunhu kana semhuka, anogara akafukidzwa nemizambiringa uye ferns kana kutora chitarisiko chemuti unofamba murume. Amai veRwizi inyonyo inoonekwa munzizi, hova, madhamu uye pamahombekombe egungwa uye inodzinga vana.
Dzimwe ngano dziripo mutsika yePaisa dzinoreva mavara akave akakurumbira nekufamba kwenguva uye anoonekwa sezvipoko mumaruwa nemumadhorobha: la Llorona, el Patetarro, María la Larga, la Rodillona, la Colmillona, la. Mechuda, the Green Lady, the Meneses, the embers, the girl from the letter, María Inés, María Pimpina, Mareco, the Guando or the Barbacoa del Muerto, vanoziva, varoyi, goblins, the Mohán and many others.
Zvimwe zvipoko zvine zvimiro zvemhuka kana kuti zvinomiririra mhuka dzengano dzakadai se: imbwa nhema, nguruve yeGuaca, nyurusi rine makumbo matatu, shavishavi dema nemamwe.
Kunewo ngano mukati mePaisa tsika dzinobva pane zvakaitika kare zvakadai sengano dzeChief Nutibara uye mukoma wake Quinunchú; ngano yaMaría Centeno, amai vemigodhi muAntioquia; ngano yemhuri yekwaCastañeda; Baba López, muprista ane mukurumbira nevamwe.
madremonte
Madremonte inozivikanwawo seHoneysuckle, hunhu hwengano dzePaisa tsika asi inowanikwawo mungano dzeColombia yese, kunyanya muAntioquia, nechepakati nekumadokero Andes yeColombia, uye Magdalena neCauca mipata. . Kutenda kwake kunobva kuvamwari vevanhu vekare veko kwaaimiririra Amai Pasi.
Tsanangudzo yaakapihwa inochinja-chinja, sechisikwa chinotyisa chechikadzi chakafukidzwa nematavi akabatanidzwa mossy nemizambiringa, nemeso akajeka, dzimwe tsananguro dzinoti mukadzi akanaka kwazvo, ane hunhu hwakanaka uye akapfeka zvakanaka, aine maziso akajeka. korona yakagadzirwa nematavi nemiti. Anorondedzerwawo sechembere yakapera, ine bhonzo ine mitezo yakareba kwazvo yakapfeka rokwe rakagadzirwa nemashizha.
Maererano nedzimwe shanduro, inooneka mumachakwi kana kuti mukati-kati memasango kana kuine madutu makuru uye inoridza mhere inotyisa inonzwika pamusoro poruzha rwokutinhira. Maererano nekutenda kwevakwiri vemakomo, kana mvura yerwizi kana rukova iine makore, imhaka yekuti Madremonte iri kugeza mavari.
La Madremonte ine basa rekuchengetedza masango, kutarisira maruva nemhuka. Chinoshungurudza vavhimi, varedzi nevatemi vehuni, chinonzi chinotambudzawo varume vasina kutendeka, nevanopokana miganhu yemidziyo. Inobuda zvine nyasha kutarisira makomo nemasango kana zuva rovira uye nziyo dzeshiri dzemasikati dzisingachanzwiki. Paanozoshamisa munhu asingaremekedzi dunhu rake, anomuverevedza ndokuvapfimba ndokuvakwevera musango gobvu umo anodya.
Hunhu hwake nemapfekero ake zvinoroya chero munhu anovatarisa zvoita kuti varasikirwe mukati mesango. Inokwezva vose vakuru nevana. Kugezera munzizi kunopisa mvura yadzo uye kunoparadzira zvirwere. Inogona kurambwa nekutarisana nayo chiso nechiso, pasina kuratidza kutya uye kuirova nematavi efodya.
Madremonte yakabatana nehumwari hweDabaibe weCatío, Nutabae uye Chocoe vanhu, mumakomo edunhu reAntioquia, yakafananawo nePachamama yeAndes yePeru neBolivia, ngano dzaMaría Lionza neCapu muVenezuela. , mwari wemumvura Yara anobva mudunhu reAmazon, uye Caa Yurí muBrazil.
The Leaf Scratcher of the Mountain
Hojarasquín del Monte chisikwa cheanthropomorphic nechitarisiko chemurume, musoro wemunhu uye trunk ye guayacán, yakafukidzwa nemachamizos, wild lichens uye ferns. Vamwe vanoti unoita semuti unofamba. Vamwewo vanoti chisikwa chine musoro wembongoro nemuviri wemunhu, kune vanototi itsoko hombe ine mvere ine muviri wakafukidzwa nemashizha akaoma nehunyoro.
Hojarasquín del monte inotarisira kutarisira makomo, miti yavo yesango uye mhuka dzinogara mairi. Kuburikidza nekurira kwemhere yerwizi, anodzidza apo munhu ane chinangwa chokukuvadza chisiko anenge ava kusvika, uye anoziva zvokuita kuti azvidzivirire. The Mountain Scratch inogona kuita vanofamba musango, asi kana mufambi ane vavariro dzakanaka, Scratch Leaf inomuratidza nzira yekudzokera.
The Castaneda Mhuri
Mumhemberero dzematunhu mazhinji eColombia uye kunyanya mudunhu reAntioquia, pane tsika ine chekuita neCastañeda Mhuri inofananidzira kubatana kwemhuri, kudzokera kunyika kwavakaberekerwa uye tsika zhinji dzakadzika midzi mutsika. . Iri boka recarnival rakabatana zvakanyanya nerusununguko rwevaranda rwakatanga muAntioquia pakati pezana ramakore regumi nemasere, uko Mhuri yeCastañeda yaibatanidzwa zvakanyanya.
Sajeni Don Ignacio Castañeda nemudzimai wake Doña Javiera Londoño nerubatsiro rwechikwata chavo chevaranda vakatanga kushandiswa kwemugodhi wavo wavakadaidza kuti "Aventaderos de Guarzo" uri muEl Retiro muDhipatimendi reAntioquia. Varume vekwaCastañeda naLondoño vakanga vakakurumbira nokuda kwokubata varanda vavo zvakanaka, vaivabata nenzira yorudo norudo, vachiva nechokwadi nguva dzose kugara kwavo zvakanaka kwomuviri nokubatwa zvakanaka.
Don Ignacio naDoña Javiera vakasvika pachisarudzo, nekubvumirana, kupa varanda vavo rusununguko rwavo, rwavakasiya mukunyora, vachitaura mukuda kwavo. Parufu rwaSajeni Don Ignacio Castañeda muguta reRionegro, chirikadzi yake, Doña Javiera Londoño de Castañeda, akamusunungura varanda vake zana nemakumi maviri nevanomwe. Chiitiko ichi chemakore gumi nemasere ndekekutanga kuitika muAmerica yose.
Vatema zana nemakumi maviri nevanomwe vakasunungurwa vakagamuchira zita rekupedzisira revaridzi vavo vekare, Castañeda, uye kubva panguva iyoyo vakaita chisungo chekupemberera mutambo weVirgen de los Dolores gore rega rega. Pakupera kwegore rimwe nerimwe avo vaichimbova varanda vakauya kuzopemberera rusununguko rwavo rwavakawana uye vachirangarira nomufaro zuva re“Retirement” yavo kubva muuranda nokuzivikanwa kekutanga savarume vakasununguka.
Vakasunungurwa vatema vakasvika kubva kunzvimbo dziri kure kwazvo dzenzvimbo yedunhu uye vakagadzira Mhuri yeCastañeda. Nerudo, rudado nekutenda, vakataura nemuromo izvo zvaive zvatova ngano, nyaya yaDoña Javiera Londoño de Castañeda, wekutanga kupa rusununguko kuvaranda munhoroondo yese yeAmerica.
Uyu musangano wevaranda vakasvika rusununguko rwavo rweMhuri yeCastañeda muEl Retiro ndiyo yakamutsa Fiesta de los Negritos, iyo setsika inopembererwa muna Zvita naNdira wega wega.
The Patasola
Zvinoenderana nechitendero chePaisa tsika yakajairika yevarimi veAntioquia colonization kumadokero kweColombia. Icho chisikwa chinotyisa, chedhimoni uye chinotyisa chinoonekwa mumakona akakomberedzwa emasango, esango remhandara uye mumakomo emakomo edunhu rinonzi Antioquia Grande.
Patasola munhu wemusango anoonekwa negumbo rimwe chete rinoperera mubovine kana bere mahwanda anosiya gwara rakaturikidzana rinovhiringa nekuvhiringa mhuka dzinotambudzwa. Negumbo rayo roga rinofamba nekukasika. Mumunhu uyu unipedal, zvidya zviviri zvakabatanidzwa kuita gumbo rimwe chete. Idzimu rakaipa, rine hukasha hwakafanana nehwehasha dzengano dzeEurope. Iye ishamwari yemhuka dzesango dzaanodzivirira kubva kuvavhimi uye chero munhu anoda kuvakuvadza.
Kukonzera kutya pakati pevatemi, vanofamba, vanochera migodhi, uye vanogara. Iyo patasol inogona kuchinja chimiro chayo zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Pane dzimwe nguva anotora chitarisiko chemukadzi ane zamu rimwe chete pachipfuva chake, maziso akaputika, muromo muhombe, mazino anotyisa, mhino yakakochekera, bvudzi rakamonyoroka, miromo yakazara uye ine nyama, maoko marefu uye anogara aine gumbo rimwe chete.
Dzimwe nguva anoshandura kuita mukadzi akanaka uye anoyevedza anonyengedza vasina kungwarira, anovakoka kuti vamutevere uye achivatungamirira mumakwenzi uye anovavhiringidza. Panguva iyoyo anobva aputika nekuseka ndokutora chimiro chake chepakutanga. Vamwe vanopupura vanoti vakanzwa Patasola achichema zvinotyisa seyemukadzi akarasika uye kana vamuwana anoshanduka kuita chikara chinozvishingisa pavari.