Tinokukoka iwe kuti uzive munyaya inotevera kuti ndezvipi Mapiramidhi eMexico yekare inonyanya kukosha uye inomiririra munhoroondo uye ingani dzenzvimbo idzi dzave nzvimbo dzetsika uye dzevashanyi. Dzidza nezve nhoroondo yayo, mavambo uye zvinoreva pazasi.
Mapiramidhi eMexico yekare
Kutaura nezve nhoroondo yeMexico pasina mubvunzo inoreva zvivakwa zvayo zvekare, izvo zvakaratidza kare uye shure munzira yekucherechedza tsika munyika iyoyo. Muchinyorwa chedu nhasi tichave tichidzidza muchidimbu nezvePiramidhi yeMexico yekare uye chikamu chenhoroondo yavo.
Haisi chakavanzika kune chero ani zvake kuti mapiramidhi eMexico anotsanangurwa semhando yekuvaka iyo inongoendesa isu kune pre-eSpanishi nguva, apo vazhinji vevanhu veko venguva iyoyo vakatanga kuyedza hunyanzvi hwavo maererano nekuvaka, vachigadzira rudzi urwu. yezvivakwa zvekare.
Marudzi mazhinji akawedzera ruzivo rwavo rwekuvaka zvekuti vakakwanisa kugadzira marudzi ese ezvivakwa, kusanganisira mapiramidhi, temberi uye mamwe maguta ayo nanhasi anoramba achikwezva kutarisa kwemunhu wese. Gadzirira kuwana nyika inonakidza yakatenderedza mapiramidhi ekare Mexico.
Usati watanga, zvakakosha kuziva kuti mapiramidhi eMexico akave zvivakwa zvinomiririra zvakanyanya kunharaunda zhinji dzechivanhu munyika iyoyo, kunyanya kuvaMaya neveMexica. Kune akawanda ane mukurumbira zvivakwa, semuenzaniso Meya weTemplo, Calakmul uye zvechokwadi Teotihuacán.
Templo Meya
Tichatanga rwendo rwedu rwePiramidhi yeMexico yekare muTemplo Mayor, inoonekwa nevakawanda seimwe yezvivakwa zvine nhoroondo huru kwazvo munyika. Maererano nekuverenga kuripo, temberi iyi yakawanikwa kekutanga muzana remakore rechiXNUMX uye kubvira ipapo yave nzvimbo inoera yenharaunda dzaive netsika yekuparidza evhangeri.
Ngatiyeukei kuti panguva iyoyo yehutongi hwevapambevhu, vanhu vaitungamirira kuparidza evhangeri vaimbove netsika yokuvaka makereke patemberi dzakafanana dzavasati vasvika kuSpain – vachidziviga. Chokwadi vakauya kuzoshandisa matombo ematemberi aya kugadzira makereke avo.
Pane dzimwe nguva vaitarisira kuparadza zvachose matemberi echivanhu kuti vavake machechi avo kubva pakutanga. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti vaevhangeri vaiona temberi dzechivanhu sedzenhema uye ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvakaita kuti vaparadze zvachose chivakwa ichi. Wakanga uri muitiro wokufananidzira umo rudzidziso rweKaturike rwakakurira zvitendero zvomunzvimbomo.
Nechikonzero ichi, zvinotendwa kuti kuwanikwa kweiyo inozivikanwa seTemplo Mayor haina kuchembera senge mune dzimwe nyaya. Maererano nezvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaitwa, zvakaratidzwa kuti temberi iyi yakavakwa pamusoro penzvimbo yakaratidzwa naHuitzilopochtli kuti vaMexico vawane Aztlán.
Pakutanga, kuvakwa kwenzvimbo yacho kwaiitwa chete nemadhaka nehuni, zvisinei nekufamba kwemakore chivako chacho chakagadziridzwa kuchinja kutsva nokuti vatongi veTenoctitlán vaiva netsika yokupa mipiro yavo kuti vakwanise kugadzirisazve nzvimbo yacho, kusvikira. yakava chishongo chekuvaka munhoroondo yeMexico.
Inguva yakafanirawo kutaura kuti Huitzilopochtli anonzi ndiye mwari wekutanga kugamuchira kunamatwa kana kunamatwa muTembere huru. Nokufamba kwenguva uye kuitira kudzivirira kuchinjwa kwechisiko chapose pose, vaMexicas vakatanga kunamata vamwe vamwari, kusanganisira Tlaloc.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, piramidhi pakutanga yakatsaurirwa kuna mwari Huitzilopochtli yakava kaviri, sezvo vamwari vepamusoro veMexica vaigara ikoko, vakadai saTlaloc naHuitzilopochtli.
Teotihuacan
Iyo Teotihuacán Archaeological Zone iri muNyika yeMexico, nzvimbo yaunogona kuwana maviri emapiramidhi anozivikanwa uye ane mukurumbira ekare Mexico yenguva dzese, sePiramidhi yeZuva uye Piramidhi yeMwedzi. Ose mapiramidhi anoshanyirwa zvakanyanya uye ane nhoroondo refu uye inonakidza iyo inofanirwa kudzidza nezvayo.
Sezvo data rekutanga tinogona kutaura kuti Archaeological Zone yeTeotihuacán inoratidzirwa nekuwedzera kwayo kunoshamisa uye kuoma. Zvechokwadi kusvikira zvino hazvisati zvave zvichiita kuti zvive nechokwadi kuti chimiro ichi chekare chakamuka sei, asi vazhinji vanochera matongo uye anthropologists vakazvipira kuedza kuzarura zvose zvakavanzika zvakavanzwa kuseri kwenzvimbo iyi inonzi Teotihuacán.
Vazhinji venyanzvi idzi vakabvumirana pane imwe data yakakosha, semuenzaniso zuva rekuvambwa kweguta. Vazhinji vanoti kutenda mugore ra500 BC pakavambwa guta. Vanorambawo vachiti guta rakasiiwa nevagari varo muzana remakore rechinomwe, kunyange hazvo pasina akakwanisa kuwana zvikonzero kana zvikonzero zvakaita kuti vagari ava vabve muguta.
Ichokwadi ndechokuti Teotihuacán yakagara kwenguva yakareba, yakashandurwa kuva guta risina guta, risina vagari, uko kusurukirwa chete uye kusurukirwa kwakawanda kwaigona kufema. Zvakaramba zvakadaro kusvika pakusvika kwevaMexicas, yaionekwa seyekutanga nharaunda inotungamira kudzosa guta kuhupenyu. VaMexico vakakatyamadzwa nehukuru hwezvivakwa ndokuzvipa zita rekuti Teotihuacán.
Unoziva here zvinoreva Teotihuacan? Maererano nenhoroondo, izwi iri rinoreva "Guta reVamwari", zvisinei kuti munguva pfupi yapfuura kwakabuda shanduro itsva pamusoro pezvinoreva chaizvo izwi iroro. Dzimwe nyanzvi kubva kuNational Institute of Anthropology and History dzinoratidza kuti guta harina kunzi Teotihuacán asi Teo Huacan, saka zvarinoreva zvechokwadi zvinozove "Guta reZuva".
Kunze kwekukakavadzana uku uye kuvhiringidzika, izvo zvisingagoni kupokana ndezvekuti Archaeological Zone yeTeotihuacán ndeimwe yevakashanyira uye yakakosha muMexico. Nzvimbo iyi inoumbwa nemapiramidhi anoyevedza uye mamwe maensembles ekuvaka akaiswa panzira (La Calzada de los Muertos) iyo inosvika makiromita mana muhukuru.
Chichen Itza, Tembere yeKukulkan
Tinoramba tichiziva mapiramidhi akakosha eMexico yekare. Panguva ino ndiko kutendeuka kweTemberi yeKukulkan, inoonekwa seimwe yenzvimbo dzine nhoroondo munyika yeAztec. Iyi piramidhi yechiratidzo iri muArchaeological Zone yeChichen Itza, muYucatan Peninsula.
Pamusoro pakataurwa kuti Archaeological Zone yeTeotihuacán ndiyo yakanyanya kuwanda uye yakashanyirwa muMexico, zvisinei Chichén Itzá haisi kure kumashure. Zvinoenderana nekuverenga, zvinotendwa kuti nzvimbo iyi zvakare iri pakati peakanyanya kushanyirwa munyika uye imwe yeakanyanya zviratidzo uye yakakosha, ndosaka ichivanza nhoroondo inonakidza.
Guta rakavambwa, sekureva kwevaongorori vazhinji, pakati pe325 ne550 AD. Vaya vaitarisira kuvaka guta reChichen Itza vaiva vaMaya, vakagara munzvimbo yacho kwenguva yakati. Makore gare gare, kunyanya mugore ra800, maToltec akasvika munharaunda, avo vakanga vachitarisira kurwisa nharaunda yacho.
Kupinda ikoko kwakakonzera musanganiswa wetsika pakati pevaMayans nevaToltec, musanganiswa wakatungamirira kukutora tsika itsva nezvitendero. Vagari vemo vakatanga kunamata Quetzalcóatl kunyange zvazvo vachinzi Kukulkan. Pakanga pari nokuda kwechikonzero ichi kuti nzanga dzechivanhu dzomunharaunda yacho dzakatanga kuvaka temberi kana kuti piramidhi yeKukulkan, mukukudza mwari iyeye.
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti mugore ra2077, Chichen Itza yaionekwa seimwe yezvinomwe Zvishamiso zveNyika nekuda kwekuvaka kwayo kunoshamisa uye nhoroondo inochengetwa iyi inomiririra nzvimbo yeMexico tsika.
Palenque
Kune maguta mazhinji ane nhoroondo muMexico asi rimwe rakakosha pasina mubvunzo iguta rePalenque, riri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweChiapas. Iri iguta rinoyevedza reMayan rinogona kuwanikwa pakati pesango rinopisa, rakakomberedzwa nezvinoyevedza zvakasikwa nzvimbo, mapopoma emvura nenzizi.
Zvinoenderana nevanotungamira vaongorori uye nyanzvi, guta rePalenque rakavambwa mugore re100 BC. Rakagarwa kwenguva yakareba, ingangoita chiuru chamakore, zvisinei nenzira isingatarisirwi uye ichiri isinganzwisisike, guta rakasiiwa riri roga nevagari varo, avo vakapukunyuka mariri pakati pemakore 600 ne800 pashure paKristu.
Zvikonzero zvakaita kuti vagari veguta rePalenque vabve munzvimbo iyi hazvisati zvaziviswa. Chinongozivikanwa ndechekuti guta rakanga rasara riri roga. Guta racho raive rakaumbwa nezvisaririra zvakaita se: guva raMambokadzi Tsvuku, Imba, uye hongu, piramidhi kana Tembere yezvinyorwa, mukati umo masara aMambo Pakal anochengetwa.
Calakmul
Tisati tataura nezvenhoroondo yaro, pane mukana wekumbomira zvishoma pane zvinoreva izwi iri. Maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda, izwi rokuti "Calakmul" rinogona kududzirwa se "mapiramidhi maviri akavakidzana" kana "Guta rezvikomo zviri pedyo". Chokwadi ndechekuti iyi ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzinonakidza uye dzenhoroondo idzo tsika dzeMayan dzinotipa.
Calakmul iri muCampeche uye nhoroondo yayo inonakidza chaizvo. Nemhaka yezvizhinji zvakawanwa, zvinogona kuzivikanwa kuti nharaunda iyi yakagarwa kekutanga makore 200 pashure paKristu, zuva iro vagari vayo vokutanga vakasvika panzvimbo yacho.
Zvinoenderana nedata rakapihwa neNational Institute for Federalism uye Municipal Development, guta raive nevanhu vanopfuura zviuru makumi mashanu mukati memakore 50 BC. C. uye 322d. C. Sezvakaitika kuna Meya weTemplo, Calakmul yakawanikwawo muzana remakore rechi925.
Izvi zvakaitika nekuti panguva yeColony, vatsva havana kuwana simbi dzinokosha munharaunda, vasingafungi kuti kuti vapinde munzvimbo iyi, njodzi yakawanda yaifanira kutorwa, nekuti kuwana kwaive kwakaoma chaizvo, kunyanya nekuda kwekukora. of the Jungle.
Nechikonzero ichi, guta reCalakmul rakaramba rakanyura mukukanganwa uye rakavanzwa kweanopfuura makore 600, kusvika razowanikwazve muma30s. Parizvino inoonekwa seimwe yakakosha uye inomiririra maPiramidhi ekare Mexico munhoroondo, ine ruzivo rwakawanda rwekupa kune yayo uye kune vashanyi.
Unogonawo kufarira zvinyorwa zvinotevera: