Ndezvipi vamwari veAztec? uye vangani variko?

Ini ndinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge chinyorwa ichi nezve Aztec tsika, yakawanda ruzivo rwakakosha kubva kune vamwari veaztec zvinokosha uye kuti vakabetsera sei nzanga yavo, uye kuti nzanga yavaAztec yakapa sei nyasha dzaipiwa kupfurikidza nemiitiro yakasiana-siana, mitambo nezvibairo zvemhuka navanhu, zvose kutevera upenyu hworubudiriro.

Vamwari veAZTEC

Vamwari veAztec

Kuumambo hweAztec, chitendero chakanga chakakosha zvikuru nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho kwakanga kwatova nezvitendero zvakawanda zvevamwari veAztec uye vaiita mhemberero dzemweya dzaigara dzichiitwa nevagari veAztec, kunyange zvazvo humambo hweAztec hwakaumba nharaunda yakakura zvikuru uye yakarongeka. muzinda wehupfumi waiva muguta reTenochtitlan, kubva ipapo vatongi veAztec vakatarisa mamwe maguta anokosha akadai seTlacopan neTexcoco.

Chitendero cheAztec chaive nechimiro chekudavira vanamwari vakawanda kubvira apo nzanga yaitenda kuvamwari vakawanda, mhemberero dzayo dzaigara dzichinangana kuna Mwari Huitzilopochtli, Mwari akanga akabatana zvikuru nezuva uye zvinonzi kwaari kuti guta reTenochtitlan rakanga ravambwa muMexico. .

Kunyange zvazvo sezvakambotaurwa, umambo hweAztec hwakanangidzira ngwariro pachitendero chinokosha zvikuru nemhaka yezvitendero zvavo zvorudzidziso, vakapa zvibairo zvakawanda zvavanhu nechinangwa chokufadza Mwari Huitzilopochtli, uyo maererano nezvinodavirwa navaAztec, uyu Mwari akarasikirwa zvikuru. weropa mukurwisana kwezuva nezuva Vakazvipirawo kumisa nyika nekuti vaive nechokwadi chekuti nyika yaizoguma mumakore 52.

Vaine zvitendero zvakawanda, vaAztec vakazvironga sesangano rezvematongerwo enyika rinotungamirirwa naHuey-tlatoani, uyo akasarudzwa nedare revamiririri vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana evanhu. Vaivewo nemufananidzo wamambo aifanira kuve nedzinza reToltec sezvo chitendero chairaira kudaro.

Muchinyorwa chino pamusoro poUmambo hweAztec, tichabata navamwari vakasiyana veAztec vainamatwa nenzanga, sezvo nzanga idzodzo dzakanga dzine kurwisana kwakawanda zvokuti dzinofanira kunge dzakatsvaka kutenda muna Vamwari veAztec, zvokuti dzakavakurudzira kupfuurira kurwa. .

Kunyange zvazvo Humambo hweAztec huchizivikanwa semubatanidzwa katatu sezvo wakaumbwa nemubatanidzwa wakakura weIndia kubvira maguta eTexcoco, Tlacopan neMexico-Tenochtitlan akabatana. Ose aitungamirirwa nevatongi vaidzivirirwa nevamwari pachavo.

Vamwari veAZTEC

Kunyange zvazvo zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti muchitendero cheAztec nyika yakavakwa uye yakaparadzwa kana, asi vamwari veAztec vakasangana uye vakaita sarudzo itsva yekuigadzirisa kechishanu, asi panguva ino vakanga vane pfungwa yekuparadzanisa. pasi kubva kudenga, uye Mwari anonzi Quetzalcóatl akasarudza kupa upenyu kumunhu nemiti yaizomushumira sezvokudya.

Muumambo hweAztec maivawo nemafungiro akasimba ekuti munhu aingova nehupenyu humwe chete kuti ararame, iyo yakanga isina hupenyu mushure mekufa, uye kana iwe waida kudarika mushure mekufa kwako sarudzo chete ndeyokuti iwe waifanira kuva wakanyanyisa. chakakurumbira nokuda kwaizvozvo ndechokuti varwi veAztec vaigara vachiedza kumira kunze nemitambo yavanoita pachikamu chimwe nechimwe chehupenyu hwavo.

vamwari vakuru 

Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza mashoko anokosha zvikurusa pamusoro paVamwari vose veAztec, sezvo nzanga yeAztec yaitenda zvakasimba muna vamwari vavo uye nenzira iyi vakasika vamwari vatsva sezvo chitendero chavo chaikura.Pakati pevamwari vanokosha zvikurusa veAztec Empire tine :

Ometeotl: MuAztec Mexican mythology, uyu Mwari anonzi Ometeotl, akazvisika uye anomiririra chimiro chechirume chekusika, ndiye zvakare murume waOmecihuatl uye baba vevana vamwari. Kunyange zvazvo ari mumwe wevamwari vekare munzanga iyi, akanga asina temberi uye nzanga yaisamuziva, asi aiwanzotaurwa munhetembo dzeboka repamusoro.

Kunyange zvazvo Mwari uyu achiperekedzwa nenzira inotevera Ometecuhtli naOmecíhuatl, vose vanomiririra hunyambiri saishe uye mukadzi. Mwari wekutanga anomiririra murume nepo wechipiri achimiririra munhukadzi munyika. Panziyo dzinoshandiswa pakunamata Mwari uyu tine idzi:

 Hapana kwazvinogona kuva »

Imba yemutambi wepamusoro;
Kwese kwaanokumbirwa,
Kwose kwose kwaanoremekedzwa;
Mbiri yake inotsvakwa, kukudzwa kwake panyika

hapana anogona kuva,
hapana anogona kuva shamwari
Uyo anoraramisa zvinhu zvose;
Inokumbirwa chete
Kudivi rake chete uye pedyo naye

Panogona kunge paine hupenyu panyika

Vamwari veAZTEC

Huitzilopochtli: Mumwe wevamwari vakuru veAztec uye akabatana zvakanyanya nezuva, anozivikanwawo se Ilhuicatl Xoxouhqui kana Tlacahuepan Cuexcontzi, VaSpania vasati vasvika, Mwari uyu ndiye ainyanya kunamatwa neUmambo hweAztec.Aiva neTemberi dzakawanda, asi huru yaiva muguta reHuitzilopochco (Huītzilōpōchco), iye zvino yava Churubusco.

Mungano dzechiGiriki, Mwari uyu anonzi Huitzilopochtli ndiye anopa kurongeka kwenheyo kana kusikwa kweMexico-Tenochtitlan, inzvimbowo iyo vanhu vekuMexico vanowana gondo richitora rudzi rwenyoka. Mwari Huitzilopochtli ndiye mwanakomana wemwarikadzi weKubereka, ari mwanakomana wezuva duku uye zuva rekare.

Gore rega rega bato rinoitwa muzita raMwari Huitzilopochtli, kunyangwe muMexican Nahua kana Mesoamerican vanhu isingazivikanwe uye yakafarirwa zvakanyanya nemuchinji Tlacaélel mumakore 1398-1480.

Pashure pokusvika kwavaSpania vakapa uyu Mwari zita idzva ravakamudana naro kuti Huichilobos, vakamupawo mavara akaipa eEurope ndokusaka vakaparadza tembere yake, zvivezwa, makodhekisi uye zvigadzirwa zvokurima.

Quetzalcoatl: Ndiye mumwe wevanonyanya kukosha vamwari veAztec sezvo ane nyoka ine minhenga, ivo vanomuonawo semwari mukuru weMexico pantheon, ndiye Mwari wechiedza, kubereka, budiriro uye ruzivo. Nenzira imwecheteyo, vanomuziva saishe wemhepo uye mutongi wekumadokero, vanomubatanidza neruvara ruchena.

Uyu ndomumwe wevamwari veAztec anomiririra hunyambiri hwevanhu uye anomiririrwa nenyoka ine minhenga, nyoka inomiririra muviri wenyama uye minhenga inomiririra misimboti yemweya, rimwe zita sezvinozivikanwa mwari weAztec ndiro rinotevera Nahualpiltzintli, "muchinda weNahuales"  uye ndiro zita rakapiwa vapristi vepamusoro-soro wedunhu. Iyo inewo mamiriro maviri: kune rumwe rutivi, inovaka nyika uye, kune rumwe rutivi, inoiparadza.

Vamwari veAZTEC

Coatlicue: Muchikamu chino pamusoro pevamwari veAztec tichataura pamusoro pemwarikadzi uyu ane zita rekuti Coatlicue rakaturikirwa muchiSpanish zvinoreva. siketi yenyoka, ndimwarikadzi achamiririra upenyu norufu. Kunyange zvazvo ari mwarikadzi ane chitarisiko chakashata, sezvo akapfeka siketi yenyoka uye muhuro make ane necklace izere nemoyo yaakatora kune avo vaakauraya.

Mumaoko ake netsoka ane nzara dzakapinza uye anogara aine nyota yezvibayiro zvevanhu, murume wake ndiMwari Mixcoatl, ndiyewo amai vaMwari Huitzilopochtli paakava nepamuviri kuna Mwari uyu, paakamubereka.

Izvi zvakabuda bhora reminhe rakawira mutemberi, dzimwe hama dzakaona iyi pamuviri yakasiyana-siyana dzakasarudza kumuuraya, asi Mwari Huitzilopochtli akabuda mudumbu raamai vake ane zvombo zvakakwana ndokumuponesa nekugura musoro wehanzvadzi yake yainzi Coyolxauhqui. uye pfuti mudenga kwayakazova Mwedzi.

Tezcatlipoca: Pakati pevamwari veAztec, Mwari uyu anomiririra kupa, kweasingaoneki uye yerima, huviri hwake hunopesana, anonziwo chena Tezcatlipoca, nepo ruvara rweTezcatlipoca rwutema. Zvakare zvinotsanangurwa munhoroondo yaMwari uyu ndezvekuti anoumba vaviri ((Ometecuhtli naOmecihuatl), anoitawo misimboti yechirume neyechikadzi.

Mutsika dzechiNahuatl, Mwari uyu akabereka vanakomana vana vainzi Yayauhqui Tezcatlipoca (dark Tezcatlipoca), wechipiri Tlatlauhqui Tezcatlipoca (Red Tezcatlipoca, inonziwo Xipe Tótec kana kuti Camaxtle), wechitatu aiva Tezouhqui Tezcatlipoca (yebhuruu Tezcatlipoca inozivikanwa seNahua) seHuitzilopochtli (hummingbird yekumaodzanyemba) uye yechina, Iztac Tezcatlipoca (white Tezcatlipoca) kana Quetzalcóatl.

Mungano dzechiNahuatl, mwari uyu anonzi Tezcatlipoca akatanga nyika, kwaingova negungwa rekare kwaingogara chikara chenyika. Ipapo Tezcatlipoca akapa rutsoka rwake sechinonyengera, uye chikara chakabuda ndokudya tsoka yake. Neizvi akapa mavambo esimba uye mufaro.

Vamwari veAZTEC

Yacatecuhtli: Ndiye mumwe wevamwari vekare veAztec uye ndiye anodzivirira vatengesi nevafambi, kunyange zvazvo varidzi venyika vokuMexico vaimupa varanda sezvibayiro kuti vamupe rombo rakanaka, nzira yake huru ndeyokumumiririra nemhino huru ichiita semutungamiri .

Uyu Mwari weAztec anobva kunguva yeMexico isati yasvika, anoshanda semutungamiri mukuru uye aipiwa copal kaviri pazuva nenguva dzetatu mangwanani uye kana mambakwedza atanga, kunze kwekuti vatengesi vakamutumidza nenzira iyi "uya ane mhino nhete semunzwa"

Cinteotl: Maererano nengano yokuMexico, mwari weAztec uyu anomiririra zvokudya kana kuti zvokudya sezvo achimiririra chibage, ndiMwariwo anomiririra hunyambiri, mukadzi nomurume panguva imwe chete, nenzira yakafanana anomiririra kudhakwa uye zvinwiwa mutsika dzose. .

Paanomiririra huviri hwechirume, anopiwa zita reCentéotl naCenteotl Tecuhtli (tecuhtli, "ishe"), uye kana achimiririrwa muhuviri hwake hwechikadzi, anomiririrwa nezita rekuti "Chicomecóatl" uye Centeotl Cihuatl (cihuatl). , "mukadzi").

Pakutsvaga nhoroondo yaMwari uyu anonzi Aztec Cinteotl, ndiye mwanakomana waXochiquetzal (mwarikadzi muduku akabatanidzwa norunako, vatano, uye mafaro, musande anochengeta pakuberekwa, vasoki, varuki, vapfuri veminhenga, vashori vamabwe, vavezi, mhizha, uye mhizha.)

Xochipelli: Ndiye mumwe wevamwari vanoremekedzwa zvikuru veAztec sezvo achipa mafaro ehupenyu, rudo, mafaro, kudhakwa kunoyera, zita rake rakashandurwa muchiSpanish rinoreva mwana wemaruva kana muchinda wemaruva. NdiMwari zvakare vane basa rekubereka nekurima.

Vamwari veAZTEC

Inoremekedzwawo nengochani nepfambi kunyangwe kuri kutorwa kweiyo Toltec budiriro, ivo vanomiririrwawo ne talisman seye teardrop chimiro chaamai veparera.

Tonatiuh: Ndiye mumwe wavamwari vanomirira zuva, vanomunamatawo somutungamiriri ari mudenga, anozivikanwawo sezuva rechishanu, uye maererano nezvinotaurwa, anotora simba kana zuva rechina radzingwa, sezvo rimwe nerimwe radzingwa. zuva rine zera raro pacharo.

Mwari weAztec anozivikanwa nezita rekuti Chantico, uye anomiririrwa nemhuka yemhembwe, kunyangwe mwari uyu ari murombo kwazvo, anokudzwa zvakare pavakaudza vamwari kuti vapinde mu pyre kuti zuva rechishanu rive. akasarudzwa.Akazviita nokuzvininipisa kukuru uye paakabuda akanga ane makwapa ejaguar.

Mictlantecuhtli: Ndiyo imwe yevamwari veAztec inomiririra rufu kana vakafa, inogarawo munzvimbo yepasi, mumutauro wechiNahual yaizivikanwa nezita rekuti Popocatzin, iro rakashandurwa muchiSpanish raizotsanangurwa sechinhu chinoputa, ndiMwari. yemumvuri uye inowanikwa yakaroorwa naMictecacíhuatl, vese vanotonga pasi penyika, nyika yevakafa kana humambo hweMictlán.

Mwari wevakafa anomiririrwa nemuviri wake wakafukidzwa nemapfupa evanhu uye chiso chake chine chifukidziro chakaita sedehenya, uye akashongedzwa nemaruva muchimiro chemaruva, rimwe pahuma uye rimwe pamutsipa wake, uye pakupedzisira mureza muchena unonzi amanda palli, unova unozivikanwa zvikuru nemapfekero ake.

Tlaloc: Ndiye mwari anomiririra mvura, anewo simba rekutonga mvura nemheni, nechipo chake anobatsira kukura kwechikafu chinodyarwa mukurima, kana kuine kusanaya kwemvura kwakawanda uyu mwari weAztec anokumbirwa kuti auye nemvura panyika. uye anopa upenyu kuminda.

Anozivikanwa samambo wezviitiko zvemuchadenga uye mweya weminda nemakomo, kunyangwe munguva yehumambo hweAztec aigara akakodzera kuita zvibayiro zvemhuka pamwe chete nevanhu, nharaunda yekuzvarwa yaigara ichibudirira chero chinhu. akabvunza zvake.

 Metztli: Ndimwarikadzi anomiririra mwedzi mungano dzeAztec, kunyangwe ariwo mwari mumwe chete asi aine zita raYohualticitl naCoyolxauhqui uye mwari wemwedzi Tecciztecatl; Kunyange zvazvo kuchinzi ndiye mwarikadzi wemwedzi nemhaka yokuti anotya mwoto, iye anonongedzerawo kumunhu anozvininipisa, mungano yamwari weAztec uyu ndiye anokonzera mafashamo nemadutu.

Xipe Totec: Ndiye Mwari weAztec uyo achamiririra hurume, huduku uye zvinomera zvitsva. Inomiririrwa nechifananidzo chinopfeka chifukidziro chedombo, mutsika dzechibairo dzokunamata Mwari uyu, vaprista vakabvisa mwoyo yavanhu kana kuubvisa ganda uye ipapo muprista anoisa paganda romuIndia akabairwa.

Mumazuva emabiko aMwari weZapotec uyu, asi gare gare akazogamuchirwa nechitendero cheAztec, anongodya kusvikira masikati, kuti akwanise kuona mweya ichaenda kudenga ichikumbira.

Mixcoatl: Mungano dzeMexico ndiMwari anomiririra madutu, hondo uye kuvhima, panguva iyoyo zvaidavirwa kuti Mwari Mixcóatl aigona kumiririra Gwara renzou. Kunyangwe kusvika parizvino Mwari Mixcóatl akavhiringwa nevamwari vanotevera Xipe Totec, Camaxtle, Mixcóatl naTezcatlipoca Rojo.

Airemekedzwawo neTlaxcaltecas naHuejotzincas avo vaimudana kuti Ishe Wedu Vakadzikwa. Zvainziwo akanga ari mwari wavatorwa, paiitwa mitambo nezvibayiro kwaari, mhuka dzinotevera dzaiunzwa kwaari: nyoka, shiri, netsuro.

Vamwari veAZTEC

Ehecatl: Ndiye mwari wemhepo, uye anomiririra mweya wekufema uri mumhuka dzese kubvira paakabatanidza dutu uye achiunza hupenyu, maererano nezvinotaurwa munharaunda yeAztec kuti ndiye akasika zuva nemwedzi mukufamba. Uye rinomiririra rudo nemuti wakanaka wakapendwa.

Panguva iyo chitubu chinofambisa makore kuitira kuti mvura inaye pazvirimwa, anomirawo pakati pavamwari vazhinji nekuti nzanga yeMexico inomuona segamba guru, anogara achisvika panguva yaanonyatsokodzera. Ndicho chikonzero nei mutero unobhadharwa kwaari, sezvinotaurwa, uyu Mwari weAztec anotanga nyika nekufema kwake sezvo zuva rinovhenekera uye rinosundira parutivi mvura. Kumiririrwa kwenyama kwaMwari kunoitwa kuburikidza nemasiki matsvuku ane mhino dzakanongedza.

Mhinduro: uyu mwari weAztec anomiririra mweya wemoto nekupisa, nemavara ayo etsvuku neyero uye kutaridzika kwemurume akachenjera kwazvo, anofananidzirwa nechinyavada nekuda kwefivha iyo vanhu vanotambura kana varumwa nemhuka iyi, uye nekuda kwechinyavada. Kune rumwe rutivi, huviri hwake hwechikadzi ndimwarikadzi weAztec Chantico.

Muna mwari weAztec uyu ainzi Xiuhtecuhtli, aityiwa kuti aizozviparadzanisa nevanhu vaimutenda, ndokusaka ainamatwa zvakanyanya kuti aende navo murima nemutete, paiitwa tsika dzekuti aperekedze. ivo vakaita zvibairo zvevaranda kwavaitora zvakabairwa, vakazarura chipfuva chake ndokubudisa mwoyo wake muzita raMwari uyu.

Atlacoya: Mumufananidzo wevamwari veAztec tinewo mwari uyu anomiririra kusanaya kwemvura nemvura nhema. Inomiririrwa neruvara rweyero ine jasi rakakura risina maoko.

Chalchiuhtlicue: Ndiye mwarikadzi weAztec uyo achamiririra kuberekwa, kwaanofanira kukudzwa pakubhabhatidzwa kwega kwega, aigara achiita basa rinokosha, ndiye mumwe wevanhu vanonyanya kukosha mutsika yeAztec uye ngano yeMexico, apo vafambisi vezvikepe vanotanga kufamba nechikepe. Vakamutakura vakaenda naye pasphinx kuti vadzivirirwe. Uyu munamato mukuru waigaronamatirwa kwaari kuti adzivirire magwa kubva pakunaya kukuru

Vamwari veAZTEC

“Vafambisi vengarava vanomukumbira mvumo yekufamba mumvura dzayo uye kuti dzichengetedzwe, ndosaka chero mubati wehove kana mufambisi wezvikepe achifanira kupa mupiro mumadziva ayo akatakura shuga, michero, quartz, nziyo kana minamato.

Zvisikwa zvese zvinodya nezvesimba rayo zvine chisungo chekuchengetedza nehupenyu hwedu pachedu, nekuti kana iyi Sacred Essence ikawira mukusaenzana kana kushomeka, zvinozotiunzira rufu nechirwere semhedzisiro (izvi hazvisi sechirango che "Mwari" asi. nekuda kwekufenda).

Acuecueyotl iko kukumbira kune imwe yekuratidzira kweChalchiuhtlicue, kunyanya muhupo hwayo hwemugungwa panguva yemafungu, Acuecueyotl yakashandurwa chaizvo kubva kumutauro weNahuatl kuenda kuSpanish dialect zvinoreva "Spiral of water" uye izvi zvinodudzirwa se SURGE (Hapana kwainoti "mwari kana kuti hongu?)"

Chantic: mwarikadzi ane mazita akasiyana-siyana mungano dzeAztec anonyanya kuzivikanwa nezita rekuti mwarikadzi wemoto wemoyo, ane chekuita nekukurisa kwevasikana vadiki kunoenderana nekupisa uye mwenje unopenya zuva rayo nderoga 23 Kurume uko Kwakanaka. bato munguva dzeAztec, zvibayiro nemhuka uye vamwe vanhu zvinopihwa.

Pamuviri wake pakaiswa svinga remheni uye chiso chake chakapendwa chitema.Muzinda wake mukuru wokunamatira iGomo reTepeyac, kunyange zvazvo vachiti ane chokuita nemashavi anogara musango.

Chicomecoatl: Ndimwarikadzi wekurarama nekuda kwekuti pese pachirimwa chibage, mabiko nezvibayiro zvaipihwa kwachiri kuti chizvarwe uye chiwande chive chikafu chevanhu, chakadanwa nezita rekuti Xilonen, iro rinoturikira Spanish yakanga yakaita semvere

Sezvo zita iri rairehwa nekuda kwebvudzi rine chibage, asi richinziwo mai vemwana chibage chinova chibage chinyoro, pachikamu chimwe nechimwe chechibage chaikumbirwa kuti chikure nenzira yakanaka uye. dzidyike., rimwe zita rakapiwa Mwari uyu nderechembere yakura sechibage kana muguri. Rite kana munamato waive waive waive unotevera:

“Mhungu nomwe, muka zvino, muka (…)! Ah, ndiMai vedu! Hamungatisiyi isu nherera: Mava kuenda kumusha izvozvi, vaTlalocan. Manomwe-Mazorcas, muka, muka...! Ah, ndiMai vedu! Iwe hausi kuzotisiya tiri nherera: wava kuenda kumusha izvozvi, vaTlalocan.

Cihuacoatl: Ndiye mukadzi wekutanga kuzvara, ndosaka ariye anonamatwa achibvunza kuti mukadzi akuda kuita mimba rinhi, ndiye mwarikadzi wepasi, mbereko nembereko. Zvinobatanidzwawo nemukadzi ari kuchema, nekuti akatanga kuchema zvinosiririsa zvakasvika kumweya wako nenzira iyi O, vana vangu, o, o! Dzakanzwikwa makiromita kure.

Zvaari mwari wokutanga kubereka, airangarirwa sounyanzvi hwomunhu uye hwoupenyu, muzvibayiro zvaipiwa kuchibayiro, mapfupa aikuyiwa murudzi rwakati rweguyo. Zvinonzi zvakare mune ngano kuti ndiye akanyevera nezvekuparadzwa nekudonha kweHumambo hweMoctezuma mumaoko evafambisi vengarava.

Madhokotera ese, vananyamukuta nevanhu vanoshanda munzvimbo dzehutano vakachengetedzwa nejasi remwarikadzi uyu kuti vashande pamwe nekubatsira vamwe vanhu. Akanga ariwo mutungamiri uye muunganidzi wemweya mukurwadziwa uye avo vaiuya kwaari vaitungamirirwa kuchiedza chisingagumi.

Huehuecóyotl: mwari wehunyanzvi, ishe wemimhanzi uye mutambo wekutamba, mutungamiriri wevakuru uye kuyaruka, sphinx yake inomiririrwa nekoyote ichitamba pamaoko ake, iye mwari weprankster kwazvo, ndiyewo mwari wepati, Achimiririrwa ne Mhuka yemhungu, inotaura nezvemanomano evanhu.

Inomiririrwawo nechakanaka nechakaipa, ndiyo chiyero pakati pechitsva nechakare. Ane vadikani vanoverengeka, saka kana mumwe munhu achida kuwana musikana, anotendeukira kuna vamwari veAztec, kunyanya uyu, kuti amutungamirire muchinangwa chake. Anogona zvakare kushandura chimiro kubva ku coyote kuenda kumurume uye zvakasiyana nenzira imwechete yaanogona kushandura gender. Pakupedzisira, ndiye mutongi wenziyo uye unyanzvi, vazhinji vevanyori vanozvipira kwaari.

Mhinduro: ndiMwari anomiririra usiku hwerima, anozviti ishe wehusiku, anodzivirirawo hope dzevakomana nevasikana, pane kuti aite zvibairo ainamatwa nemaparty netsika asi ane hupenyu chaihwo, paiitwa mabiko nekudya zvakawanda. kuvhenekera mweya asi nguva dzose usiku uchivhenekerwa nemwedzi wakazara.

shamwari: zita rayo uye tsika yeAztec zvinoreva dart remvura mumufananidzo waro rinogadzirwa nevabati vehove vanokumbira kudzikama kana gungwa rakasviba, rinonamatwa pachitsuwa cheChalco chero ane chirwere chinobva mugungwa anobvunzwa kune izvi. Mwari nekutenda kukuru uye achaita zvese zvinogoneka kuporesa, ndiMwari wemhizha nevafambisi vezvikepe, rwiyo rwekumukokera ndeichi:

Vamwari veAZTEC

   “Isa maoko ako pamwechete, isa maoko ako pamwe chete, mumba, tora maoko ako kudzokorora mutinhimira uyu, woapatsanura zvakare, aparadzanise zvakare panzvimbo yemiseve. Batai maoko, batanidzai maoko mumba, ndosaka ndauya, ndauya.

    Hongu, ndauya, ndakatora vana, hongu ndauya, vana vaneni. Vakuru vana, vakasanangurwa, navakuru vana, vakasanangurwa, zvirokwazvo, navakuru vana. Ivo vamene vanotungamira chiso chake, ivo vamene vanotungamira chiso chake, ivo vamene vanotungamira chiso chake”

Macuil Malinalli: Anoonekwa samwari weuswa weAztec uye ane mweya yevarwi vese veIndia vakafira muhondo. Pakaita hondo, Mwari uyu aikumbirwa kuti achengete mweya yavo uye kuti vasaparara panguva yekurwisana, zvibairo zvaiva zvekuuraya varwi vakakundwa muhondo.

Ixtlilton: Pakati pevamwari veAztec varipo, iyi ndiyo inomiririra mushonga uye hutano, kunyange zvazvo yakabatana neAztec Mwari wemvura yakasviba yataurwa pamusoro apa, Mwari uyu ane kuporesa zvinhu, temberi yake yaiva muguta reTlacuilohcan, "nzvimbo ye munyori". Munyaya yaunayo yakanyorwa nenzira inotevera:

“Chimwe chinyorwa chinorondedzera kuti… vakamuitira rondedzero yemapuranga akapendwa, setabhenakeri, maiva nomufananidzo wake. Munzvimbo iyi yokutaura kana mutemberi maiva nemidziyo yokuisira mvura yakawanda nezvirongo zvemvura, uye zvose zvakanga zvakafukidzwa namapuranga kana kuti makara; Mvura iyi vakaitumidza kuti tlatl, kana zvinoreva mvura nhema.

Kana mwana arwara, vaienda naye kutemberi kana kuti tabernakeri yamwari uyu Ixtlilton, uye vakavhura rimwe remagaba iwayo ndokupa mwana mvura iyoyo kuti anwe uye apore nayo; uye kana mumwe munhu aida kuita mutambo wamwari uyu, nokuda kwokuzvipira kwake aitora chifananidzo chake kumusha. Mufananidzo wake wakanga usiri mufananidzo asi mumwe wemachinda akashongedza mwari uyu sechishongo.

Tlacottzontli: Mwari weAztec anomiririra nzira yehusiku paunofamba usiku unozvitsaurira kwairi uye ichavhenekera nzira yako kubva pazvinhu zvese zvakaipa zvinogona kuitika kwauri chero uchizviita nekutenda. Anomiririrwa nejasi jena rakapfekwa pamafudzi echifananidzo chake.

Iztli: NdiMwari anomiririra usiku, chimiro chayo ndechemukadzi ane dombo dema rinokosha zvikuru uye rinorova, rinewo chimiro chebanga uye mune dzimwe tsika dzeMexico rinomiririrwa sechombo chikuru chakapinza.

Citlalicue: Ndiye mwarikadzi weAztec aigona kusika nyeredzi mukusakwana kwavo pamwe chete nemurume wake anonzi Citlaltonac, asi pamwe chete nemurume wake ivo vagadziri veMilky Way, Earth uye rufu nerima.

Cinteo: ndimwari weAztec anomiririra chibage, ane hukama nevamwe vanamwari, vanoumba ruvara rwerudzi rumwe norumwe rwechibage rwuri pakati pavo tina Iztauhqui Centéotl, mwari wechibage chichena, Cozauhqui Centéotl, mwari wechibage cheyero, Tlatlauhqui Centéotl, mwari wechibage chitsvuku, Yayauhqui Centéotl, mwari wechibage chitema.

Ahuiateteo: inomiririra kufara uye kunyanyisa kukuru kweruchiva, uye muenzanisi weuyu Mwari wechikadzi weAztec ndi cihuateteo. Ivo vanomiririrwa sevanhu vane cadaverous vaimbofamba-famba munhandare dzehondo, vakapfeka zvipfeko zvakajairika zvemurwi wekuMexico. Inowanikwawo se:

  • Macuilcozcacuauhtli (in Nahuatl: macuilcōzcacuāuhtli, 'gora shanu' macuilli, mashanu; cōzcacuāuhtli, gora')
  • Macuil Cuetzpalin (in Nahuatl: macuil cuetzpalin, 'five lizard' macuilli, five; cuetzpalin, lizard')
  • Macuil Malinalli (in Nahuatl: macuilmalīnalli, 'five grass' macuilli, shanu; malīnalli, uswa')
  • Macuilxochitl (muNahuatl: macuiltōchtli, 'tsuro shanu' macuilli, shanu; tōchtli, tsuro')
  • Macuilxóchitl (in Nahuatl: macuilxōchitl, 'five flower''macuilli, five; xōchitl, flower')
  • Macuilacatl (in Nahuatl: macuilacatl, 'five cane''macuilli, five; ācatl, cane')
  • Macuilacatl (muNahuatl: macuilacatl, 'mvura shanu'' macuilli, mashanu; ātl, mvura')
  • Macuilcalli (muNahuatl: macuilcalli, 'imba shanu''macuilli, shanu; calli, imba')
  • Macuil Cipactli (muNahuatl: macuil cipactli, 'makori mashanu''macuilli, mashanu; cipactli, alligator')
  • Macuilcóatl (muNahuatl: macuilcōātl, 'nyoka shanu' macuilli, shanu; cōātl, nyoka')
  • Macuilcuautitla (in Nahuatl: macuilcuāutli, 'gondo shanu'''macuilli, mashanu; cuāuhtli, eagle')
  • Macuil Ehécatl (in Nahuatl: macuilehēcatl, 'mhepo shanu' macuilli, shanu; ehēcatl, mhepo')
  • Macuil Itzcuintli (in Nahuatl: macuil itzcuintli, 'five dog''macuilli, five; itzcuintli, dog')
  • Macuilmazatl (in Nahuatl: macuilmazātl, 'five deer''macuilli, shanu; mazātl, nondo')
  • Macuilmiquiztli (in Nahuatl: macuilmiquiztli, 'five death''macuilli, five; miquiztli, death')
  • Macuilocatl (in Nahuatl: macuilocēlōtl, 'five jaguar''macuilli, five; ocēlōtl, jaguar')
  • Macuilolin (muNahuatl: macuilolīn, 'mafambiro mashanu''macuilli, mashanu; olin, kufamba')
  • Hookworm (muNahuatl: macuil ozomatli, 'monkey shanu' macuilli, shanu; ozomatli, monkey')
  • Macuil Quiahuitl (in Nahuatl: macuil quiahuitl, 'five rain''macuilli, five; quiahuitl, rain')
  • Macuiltépetl (in Nahuatl: macuiltepetl, 'five flint''macuilli, five; tecpatl, flint')

Centzon Huitznahua: Mwarikadzi anomiririra nyeredzi dzekumaodzanyemba uye nyeredzi dzekumaodzanyemba, ndiyewo mwarikadzi wembereko wehupenyu nerufu, hama dzemwarikadzi wemwedzi Coyolxauhqui aitonga. Apo mwarikadzi akava nepamuviri nemunhenga, mwanasikana wake mukuru ainzi Coyolxauhqui, nevana vake, vakafunga kuti chaiva chiito chinonyadzisa chaakasarudza kuenda kuGomo reCoatepec uye kubva ipapo achiona nyeredzi.

Centzon Totochtin: Ndimwari wechiAztec anomiririrwa muvanamwari mazana mana kana mweya midiki inosangana nezvidhakwa, uye ine hukama hwepedyo nezviroto nekumuka.Inozivikanwa zvakare muchitendero cheAztec nemazita anotevera:

  • Acolhua (muNahuatl: acolhua, 'iye ane mapendekete'''acolli, fudzi; hua, ane mapendekete')
  • Colhuantzíncatl (muNahuatl: colhuantzincatl, 'mugari weColhuacán''colhuacantzinco, colhuacan; tecatl, mugari we, mugari we, munhu we')
  • Cuatlapanqui (in Nahuatl: quatlapanqui, 'the head-opener'' cuaitl, head; tlapanqui, tlapana; tlapana, to break')
  • Chimalpanécatl (in Nahuatl: chimalpanecatl, 'inhabitant of chimalpán'' chimalpan, chimalpán; tecatl, inhabitant of, inhabitant of, person of')
  • Izquitécatl (in Nahuatl: izquitecatl, 'inhabitant of izquitlán''izquitlan, izquitlán; tecatl, mugari we, mugari we, munhu we')
  • Ometochtli (in Nahuatl: ometochtli, 'two rabbits''ome, two; tochtli, rabbit')
  • Papaztac (in Nahuatl: papaztac, 'the enervated' papaztac, panchtli; pachtli, enervate')
  • Teatlahuiani (in Nahuatl: teatlahuiani, 'munyura', munhu; atlahuiani, kunyura')
  • Tepoztécatl (muNahuatl: tepoztecatl, 'mugari wetepoztlán''tecatl, mugari we, mugari we, munhu we')
  • Tequechmecaniani (in Nahuatl: tequechmecaniani, 'iyo yakaturikwa' pauri, mumwe munhu; quechtli, neck; mecatl, rope; mecaniani, iyo yakarembera')
  • Tezcatzóncatl (muNahuatl: tezcatzoncatl, 'mirror hair''tezcatl, mirror; zontli, hair')
  • Tlaltecayohua (muNahuatl: tlaltecayohua, 'nyika inowira'' tlalli, pasi; tecayohua, iyo inowira, roll')
  • Tlilhua ( in Nahuatl : tlilhua , 'une inki nhema'' otli, inki nhema; hua, uyo ane')
  • Tomiyauh (in Nahuatl: tomiyauh, 'our corn wheat' to, our; miahuatl, corn wheat')
  • Toltécatl (in Nahuatl: toltécatl, 'inhabitant of tultitlán''toltli, toltitlán; tecatl, mugari we, mugari we, munhu we')
  • Poyauhtecatl (in Nahuatl: poyauhtecatl, 'inhabitant of yauhtlán' yauht, yauhtlán; mecatl, mugari we, mugari we, munhu we')

Cipactonal: mungano dzeAztec anozivikanwa samwari akasika zuva rekutanga pamwechete naOxomoco, mushure mehondo pakati pemadhimoni akati wandei akatumidzwa zita rekuti Mwari weAztec wekuongorora nyeredzi nemakarenda. Mwari uyu anofananidzwa naAdamu naEvha muchitendero cheCatholic.

Zita rake muchiSpanish rinoreva murume wedzvinyu, uye rinoreva zvinhu zvinotevera: Aive murume wekutanga, kutaura zvazviri tonalli inonzi "Cipactli" ndiro zuva rekutanga rekarenda yeMexico uye raive zuva rekutanga, remabviro uye imwe Inobva pakuti akagadzira karenda, chaizvoizvo "Cipactli" izuva re tonalli rekarenda dzvene reMexica.

Cihuateo: NdiMwari weAztec aimiririra midzimu yechikadzi, iyo yakaenda pasi pano mushure memakore mana erufu rwavo, yaitongwa nemweya yevakadzi vakafa vachizvara. Yaizivikanwa nemazita anotevera:

  • Cihuamazatl (in Nahuatl: cihuamazatl, 'deer woman''cihuatl, woman; mazatli, deer')
  • Cihuaquiahuitl (in Nahuatl: cihuaquiahuitl, 'raiin woman''cihuatl, woman; quiahuitl, rain')
  • Cihuaozomatl (in Nahuatl: cihuaozomatl, 'monkey woman''cihuatl, woman; ozomatli, monkey')
  • Cihuacalli (in Nahuatl: cihuacalli, 'woman house''cihuatl, woman; calli, house')?
  • Cihuaquauhtli (in Nahuatl: cihuaquauhtli, 'eagle woman''cihuatl, woman; quauhtli, eagle')

Pane chinyorwa chakaitika kare kare chine chinangwa chekudzivirira mazuva akaipa kune avo vakadzoka kubva kunze kwenyika, kubva pavakasvika nerombo rakaipa kwazvo uye nenzira iyi vaifanira kutora matanho akatevedzana kukwezva rombo rakanaka. mwarikadzi , gwaro rakanyorwa naFray Bernardino de Sahagún uye rinoti sezvinotevera:

“Uye nokuda kweizvi vaiapemberera uye mumhemberero iyi vaipa mutemberi yavo, kana kuti pamharadzano dzenzira, chingwa chakagadzirwa nemifananidzo yakasiyana-siyana. Mamwe, semashavishavi, mamwe ari muchimiro chemheni anodonha kubva kudenga, ayo avanodaidza kuti xonecuilli, uyewo mamwe tamalejos anonzi xucuichtlama tzoalli, uye chibage chakagochwa chinonzi izquitl.

Mufananidzo weava vamwarikadzi chiso chakachenuruka, sokunge chakadhayiwa neruvara ruchena zvikuru, maoko mamwe chetewo nemakumbo, vakanga vane nzeve dzendarama, vhudzi rakabatwa sevakadzi vane nyanga, huipil yakapendwa namasaisai edema, naguas. aiva nemavara akasiyana-siyana akavezwa.”

Chalchiutotolin: Ndiyo imwe yeVamwari veAztec iyo inomiririra zvirwere nehosha, sezvo veMexico vachiona turkey semhuka yezvokudya zvemhemberero, vachibayira kuna Mwari Chalchiutotolin inoshandura turkey kuita chikafu chehumwari, icho chakasimbisa zvinhu zvose. iyo, uyezve yaizivikanwa nehunhu hwehumambo uye vanhu vaisagona kuidya. VaSpaniard pavakasvika vakauya kuzotaura zvinotevera:

"Huku dzenyika idzi nemajongwe anonzi totolin. Idzo dzinozivikanwa shiri dzinopfuyiwa, dzine muswe wakatenderera uye minhenga yemapapiro, kunyange zvazvo dzisingabhururuke; imhuka yakaisvonaka pakati peshiri dzose; Vanodya chibage chakanyorova kana chidiki, uyewo nguruve yakabikwa nekukuyiwa nemimwe miriwo; Vanokandira mazai nekuchengeta huku.

Iwo ane mavara akasiyana, mamwe machena, mamwe matsvuku, mamwe matema uye mamwe mashava; varume vanonzi huexolotl uye vane dewlap yakakura uye chifuva chikuru, vane mitsipa mikuru uye makorari ane mavara; misoro yavo yakaita bhuruu, kunyanya kana vatsamwa, vakaiswa (kufinyamisa kumeso); vane muromo wenyama wakarembera pamuromo wavo… sheshe hadzi idiki pane jongwe, ipfupi, ine makorari mumusoro nepahuro.

Nyama yayo inonaka kwazvo; ane simba, uye anoisa huku dzake pasi pemapapiro ake, uye anodyisa vana vake vachitsvaka honye nezvimwe zvinhu.

Chimalma: Uyu mwarikadzi ndiye anomiririra amai vemwari weAztec, Quetzalcóatl, anonziwo Ce Ácatl Topiltzin, mumwe wevamwari vanoremekedzwa uye vanoremekedzwa netsika yeAztec,  Nyangwe aive iye Mwari akawana chibage, tsika nehupenyu zvakamufanirawo.

Murwi uyu akaumba guta kuti akunde mune dzimwe nzvimbo, nenzira iyi akatanga kuumba nzanga huru nokukunda misha yakavakidzana. Zvombo zvake zvikuru zvakanga zviri uta nemiseve, ipapo kuti Mwari akapotera mubako uye imomo vakaita tembere yake tsvene.

Huehueteotl: kucherechedzwa kunoitwa nehumwari hwaanahwo, ndiye mumwe wevamwari vekare muMesoamerica, uye anomiririrwa semurume akura uye akaunyana atove akaunyana uye akakotama, achireva zvese zvaakararama nazvo.

Ndiye mumwe wevamwari veAztec vanonyanya kukosha, mwari wemoto, nokuti ndiye akazvigadzira mutsika yeAztec, ndiye wokutanga waanofanira kuita mitambo nezvibayiro, iye akwegura zvokuti pavanokwevera. iye vanoita mikwinya yakawanda nemazino mashoma kuratidza kuti yakura sei.

Kukosha kwemwari uyu isimba rake pamusoro pemoto uye inzira yepakati mumitambo yese uye chibayiro mune dzimwe nzanga dzeAztec, anomiririra hupenyu nekuvandudzwa. Mukuwedzera, inovandudza nyika. Nenzira imwechete inofamba mumativi mana uye ndege dzepasi. Nekune rumwe rutivi, ine simba rekubatanidza mhuri, nzanga uye nepasirese zvakanyanya.

Itzpapalotitotec: Ndiye mumwe wevamwari vanokosha veAztec varipo, chimiro chake ndeche butterfly obsidian, uye anokosha zvikuru mumutauro weChichimeca, mwarikadzi uyu ane chitarisiko cheskeleton, anotakura mapanga maviri, iye chiratidzo che kuberekwa patsva nekuvandudzwa.

Kune tsika yeAztec, aimiririra amai vehondo uye chibayiro chevanhu, ndiye muchengeti werufu asi uyo anotonga paradhiso. Paunomubvunza iwe uchanakidzwa nerombo rakanaka uye hutano hwakanaka, uye saka iwe uchave wakabudirira uye iwe uchararama kwenguva yakareba.

Kana iwe wawana chinyorwa ichi pamusoro pevamwari veAztec chakakosha, ndinokukoka iwe kuti ushanyire anotevera malink:


Iva wekutanga kutaura

Siya yako yekutaura

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