José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori, akagadzirwa semurwi wekuMexico akakwanisa kusimudzira pasi pechigaro cheMutungamiriri weRepublic.
Porfirio Diaz
Vakawanda vanoshamisikaNdiani aiva Porfirio Diaz? Uyu aive musoja wekuMexico uye wezvematongerwo enyika aive musimba remutungamiri wenyika kwemakore makumi matatu nerimwe, akaumbwa munguva nomwe. Zvimiro zvake zvechinzvimbo zvakadanwa nevanyori vezvakaitika kare veMexico, nguva yePorfiriato.
Temu yake yekutanga semutungamiri wenyika yakaitika mushure mekukunda kwakatangwa mushure mekuita kweTuxtepec Revolution. Hondo iyo yakaitwa pakati paNovember 28 wegore 1876 kusvika Zvita 6 wegore rimwe chetero.
Kuvandudza kwechipiri kwehurumende yake kwakaitika mukati menguva kubva February 17, 1877 kusvika May 5 wegore iroro. Mushure meizvozvo, yakagadziridzwa mukati mebumbiro remitemo yeNovember 30, 1880, mushure mekumisa mirau inodiwa kubumbiro remitemo yenyika.
Mushure mezviitiko zvose izvi, akatora simba remutungamiri weMexico pasina kukanganisa kubva mugore 1884 kusvika 1911. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti asati atanga semutungamiri akazvibata semurwi.
zvechiuto
Porfirio Díaz akamira pachena semusoja muhondo dzakadai seChipiri cheFrench Intervention muMexico. Kune rimwe divi, akaita zvine hungwaru muHondo yePuebla, pamwe nekukombwa kwePuebla, Hondo yeMiahuatlán uye zvakare Hondo yeLa Carbonera.
Zvakare, zvakakosha kutaura kuti muna Gumiguru 15, 1863, ipapo Mutungamiri Benito Juárez akasarudza kugadza Porfirio Díaz Division General. Mushure meizvi, musi wa28 wemwedzi mumwe chete iwoyo, mauto aitarisa nezvesimba remauto akaitwa mumatunhu eVeracruz, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala nePuebla.
Zvakakosha kuratidza kuti pakati pevatambi vakasimbisa Porfirio Díaz, akaita izvi kuburikidza nesarudzo dzake dzehondo muhondo dzakaitika mukati mehurumende yeOaxaca. Pakati pezvisarudzo zvake zvakanaka, akakwevera mapoka emagandanga kurwisana neFrench, nechinangwa chekugumisa kuedza kweFrance kutonga.
Pakatanga Kubvumbi 1867, Porfirio Díaz akasarudza kuenda kuPuebla, kuitira kuti mushure meApril 15 awane kukunda uye nokudaro atungamirire mauto erepublic kuguta guru reMexico.
Porfirio Díaz anofunga kuita mhirizhonga achipokana nehurumende yemubatanidzwa achikurudzirwa nemafungiro akasiyana kaviri. Chiito chake chekutanga nemaoko chaipesana naBenito Juárez, achiita Plan de la Noria. Kana uchida iwe unogona kudzidza zvishoma nezve zvinyorwa zvakaita seizvi nazvo Ignatius Manuel Altamirano
Izvi zviitiko zvakakonzera kunetsana naSebastián Lerdo de Tejada. Ndiko mushure meizvi ndipo paanotsanangura Chirongwa cheTuxtepec. Urongwa uhwu hwakaitwa zvinobudirira, zvichiita kuti Porfirio Díaz atange semutungamiri wedunhu reMexico.
Akazvitsanangura semudziviriri akazara wezvinhu zvinotungamira kushanduka nekufambira mberi. Pakati pezviito zvakakosha zvaakaita paakaramba ari pachinzvimbo chemutungamiri wenyika kwaive kubudirira kwekuwedzera kuwedzera kwenjanji muMexico.
Biography
La Biography yaPorfirio Diaz kunoratidza kuti akaberekerwa muOaxaca, Mexico, muruwa rwaimbonzi Antequera, pana September 15, 1830. Rubhabhatidzo rwake rwakaitwa naJosé Agustín Domínguez samwari, zuva rimwe chetero raakaberekwa.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti akanga ari mwanakomana wechitanhatu wekubatana kwaJosé Faustino Díaz Orozco naMaría Petrona Cecilia Mori Cortés, murume nomudzimai vakabatana muwanano tsvene muna 1808. Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti baba veuyu munhu anokosha munhoroondo yeMexico. yakanga iri munzvimbo yemigodhi nesimbi.
Pamusoro peizvi, José Faustino anofunga kujoina mauto evapanduki anotungamirwa naVicente Guerrero. Imo mune aya mauto akagadzirwa naJóse Faustino sechiremba wemhuka, gare gare nekuda kwebasa rake rekunzi colonel.
Muna 1819 vabereki vaPorfirio Díaz vanokwanisa kubata mwanasikana wavo wekutanga anonzi Desideria. Mushure meizvozvo, mapatya Cayetano naPablo vanozvarwa, zvisinei, hupenyu hwavo hwakaputirwa munhamo mushure mekufa vachiri vadiki. Ipapo vamwe vasikana vaviri vanonzi Manuela naNicolasa vanoberekwa. Porfirio akaberekwa muna 1830 uye pakupedzisira munun'una wake ainzi Felipe Díaz Mori, akaberekwa muna 1833.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti muna 1820 vabereki vaPorfirio vakatamira pakati peguta reOaxaca. Pano vanosarudza kutenga imba yevaeni iri pedyo netemberi yeVirgen de la Soledad. Iyo inozivikanwa nekugamuchira vafambi vanopfuura nemuguta iro.
Chekupedzisira, José Faustino Díaz anokurudzirwa kutanga bhizinesi rakatsaurirwa kuhutema. Izvi zvakabvumira mhuri kuva nemamiriro ezvinhu ezvemari akanaka kwemakore mashomanana.
korera morbus denda
Muzhizha ra1833, hosha yekorera morbus yakaitika muguta reOaxaca. Ndicho chikonzero nei José Faustino Díaz akatapukirwa nechirwere pakutanga kwaAugust uye akasarudza kuita kuda kwake pakupera kwemwedzi iwoyo. Midziyo iyi yakapihwa mukadzi wake zvizere.
Mushure menhamo, mhuri haina kukwanisa kuzviriritira muimba yevaeni saka vakasarudza kutamira kuSolar del Toronjo. Vatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaitika munguva idzodzo, mamwe e mitsara isingakanganwiki yePorfirio Díaz, akafuridzirwa nenhambo dzake dzendangariro “Kufunga kwake kwakanaka uye mabasa ake saamai zvakamupa nzira yokurebesa pfuma iyoyo shoma kwenguva refu”
Kune rumwe rutivi, vasikana Díaz Mori, Manuela, Desideria naNicolasa, vakasarudza kutanga nemabasa ekuruka, kusona nekugadzira zvokudya uye madhiri, nechinangwa chekutengesa kuitira kuchengetedza hupfumi hwakagadzikana mukati memwoyo wemhuri.
Matriarch anoenderera mberi nekudyara nopales aine chinangwa chekuagadzira kuti atengese mushure memhedzisiro. Panguva imwecheteyo, akatanga kupfuya nguruve, mushure mekudzidzisa imwe yepatio yeimba yake kuti aite basa iri.
Makore ekutanga ekudzidza
Makanga muri muna 1835 apo Porfirio Díaz akapinda muChikoro Cheushamwari. Ichi chimiro chedzidzo chaive mukati mehutongi hwematunhu eOaxaca. Apa ndipo apo mutambi akakwanisa kudzidza kuverenga uyezve kunyora.
Maererano nehupenyu hwake, zvinonzi semukomana akapedza nguva yakawanda yekutamba uye kupedza nguva neshamwari nevavakidzani vaaiva navo muSolar del Toronjo. Kune rumwe rutivi, maererano nenyaya, pane imwe nguva pakati pekutsamwa pakati pehama, anosarudza kuisa pfuti pamhino yaFerikisi, paakanga akazorora, nokudaro achimupisa. Izvi zvakaita kuti vafonere Félix el chato Díaz.
Seminar
Porfirio's godfather ainzi José Agustín Domínguez y Díaz, chidzidzo chakatanga semupristi uye gare gare saBhishopi weAntequera. Anokurudzira kuti amai vaPorfirio vamupinde museminari.
Naizvozvo, pakasvika 1843 hunhu hwakapinda muTridentine Seminary yeOaxaca, ichikura mukati mechikamu chedhigirii reBachelor mune zvehunyanzvi. Izvi zvakaitika mukati memakore matatu. Ndicho chikonzero nei muna 1846, Porfirio akadzidza nezvekudzidza kwefizikisi, masvomhu, pfungwa, girama, chiLatin, uye rhetoric.
Aivawo nemagiredhi akanaka, kunyanya mumakirasi echiLatin. Nechikonzero ichi anoenderera mberi nekupa makirasi mumutauro uyu kuna Guadalupe Pérez, uyo aive mwanakomana waVaMarcos Pérez, aine chinangwa chekugadzirisa matambudziko ehupfumi emhuri.
Kupindira kwakaitwa neUnited States kunharaunda yeMexico, kwakaunza kumwe kumukira uye kupandukira kwenhengo dzemaseminari. Uyo aibva kuOaxaca akanga asiri kure kumashure nezviito izvi, ndicho chikonzero nhengo dzayo dzakatanga kukurudzirwa nekurwisana nevapambi ava.
Nechikonzero ichi, vakatanga nepfungwa dzechimurenga dzaitsigirwa nevapristi nevadzidzisi vaishanda mukati mechikoro. Nechikonzero ichi, kuti muna Gumiguru wegore rekuvhozhokera kwevaAmerica, boka revadzidzi rinosarudza kusangana nagavhuna weHurumende, nechinangwa chekukumbira kuti vapihwe kupinda mumauto ehondo yenyika. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti Porfirio Díaz aive chikamu cheboka iro.
Iri boka revakomana raive mukati meSan Clemente Battalion. Pasinei nezviito zvose izvi, hondo yakapera nguva pfupi pashure pacho uye hapana nhengo yeboka yakakwanisa kushanda mukati mehondo.
Latin makirasi
Porfirio Díaz akashanda semurairidzi wechiLatin naGuadalupe Pérez, aive mwanakomana wegweta rakakosha Marcos Pérez, munhu ane hukama hukuru naBenito Juárez.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti rimwe zuva mushure mekupedza makirasi naGuadalupe, baba vake, vanosarudza kukoka Porfirio kuti atore chikamu navo mumhemberero yemubairo yakaitika kuLiberal College.
Mushure mekugamuchira mudzidzisi wePérez mudiki, anosangana nagavhuna wehurumende panguva iyoyo, aive Benito Juárez. Ikoko mukomana anoona kuti vanhu vakaita saMarcos Pérez naBenito Juárez vanoitika sei, uye pamusoro pazvo, anoenderera mberi nekuteerera mazwi anoratidza ruzivo rusingawanikwe mukati memusangano. Ndicho chikonzero, mushure mechiitiko ichi, anosarudza kuisa parutivi seminari.
Institute of Sciences uye Arts yeOaxaca
Porfirio anokurudzirwa mushure mekuita kwake kupinda muInstitute of Sciences and Arts yeOaxaca, panguva iyo jaya rafunga kupinda muchikoro ichi, nzvimbo iyi yaizivikanwa nekunzi ine zvinhu zvekunyepa. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, godfather wake, uyo akanga atoshanda sebhishopi, anosarudza kubvisa rubatsiro rwemari rwaakamupa, pamwe chete nemanzwiro.
Pasinei nemamiriro ake matsva, Porfirio Díaz anokwanisa kushanduka mukati mezvidzidzo zvake munzvimbo yemutemo. Chii chakaita kuti awane pakupera kwegore 1850 zita remudzidzisi mukati meInstitute of Sciences and Arts yeOaxaca.
Kune rumwe rutivi, mamiriro ehupfumi umo mhuri yake yakawanikwa yakaita kuti Porfirio ave bolero. Gare gare anosarudza kushanda munzvimbo inochengeterwa zvombo kwaanoshanda ari pasi pebasa rokugadzira pfuti uye pashure pacho anova muvezi.
Muna 1854 anoenderera mberi achitsiva Rafael Urquiza mukati mebasa remuraibhurari weInstitute of Sciences and Arts of Oaxaca. Mibato yose iyi yakanga ine vavariro yokuvandudza mugariro wezvemari umo mhuri yake yakazviwana amene.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti mushure mokunge Manuel Iturribarrí asiya chigaro chemutemo wepanyama nekuda kwekurwara, ndiye Porfirio Díaz uyo akamutsiva. Ichi chinzvimbo chitsva chinovandudza zvakanyanya mamiriro ehupfumi emhuri yake uyezve zvinomuendesa kune imwe nhanho muhupenyu hwake hwehunyanzvi.
Kubudirira muzvidzidzo
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti chimiro ichi chakakura nehunyanzvi hukuru mumutemo weRoma. Izvo zvakaita kuti ave mudzidzi ane mamakisi epamusoro muchizvarwa chake.
Pakati pevamwe vaaishanda navo vaiva Matías Romero naJosé Justo Benítez. Kune rimwe divi, aive mudzidzi weBenito Juárez mumutemo wehurumende kubva 1852 kusvika 1853.
hupenyu hwehanzvadzi dzake
Kana baba vake vafa, hanzvadzi yaPorfirio, Desideria, anosarudza kuroora Antonio Tapia, anoshanda somutengesi munharaunda yeMichoacán. Murume uyu ane vana vakati wandei. Zvisinei, pane ava vaviri chete vanokwanisa kurarama. Mukadzi wacho akagara muMikoacán kusvikira panguva yokufa kwake.
Nekuda kwake, Nicolasa anosarudza kuroora achiri mudiki uye zvakare anova chirikadzi achangoroora. Iri mushure mezviitiko izvi, kuti haasiye chero rudzi rwevana.
Manuela, kune rumwe rutivi, akatanga ukama hwokunze kweroorano nachiremba anonzi Manuel Ortega Reyes. Ndiyo mushure meizvi kuti Delfina Ortega Díaz anoberekwa, uyo nekufamba kwemakore anova mudzimai wasekuru vake Porfirio.
Basa rechiuto
Musi waKurume 1854, 1853 mudunhu razvino reGuerrero, Florencio Villareal naJuan N. Álvarez, vanosarudza kuendesa kunze Chirongwa cheAyutla, chinotsvaga kumisa budiriro yemutungamiri wenyika yaAntonio López de Santa Anna. Wezvematongerwo enyika aive ari kushandisa chigaro chemutungamiri kechigumi nerimwe, kubva muna Kubvumbi XNUMX.
Kuburikidza nechinyorwa ichi ndipo panotanga inonzi Ayutla Revolution. Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti iye akaronga mafambiro makuru muOaxaca aive Marcos Pérez, pamwe chete neshamwari dzake dzakanyanya kukosha dzezvinangwa. Ndicho chikonzero, pakati pavo vose, vanotanga kugadzira hurongwa nechinangwa chekubatana nesangano rechimurenga.
Mushure meizvi, vanoenderera mberi nekuve nevanobatika vane hukama zvakanangana nevatambi vekuMexico vaive muguta reAmerica reNew Orleans pasi pechinzvimbo chenhapwa. Pakati peizvi pakanga pane zvakaitika panguva iyoyo yaBenito Juárez, akanga atamira kunharaunda yacho nemhaka yokusawirirana naSanta Anna.
Nekudaro, izvi zvinounza kusungwa kwaMarcos Pérez nedzimwe nhengo dzakataurirana netsamba nevakatapwa, sezvo mapurisa ehurumende epachivande achikwanisa kuwana zviito zvavo.
Porfirio Díaz mukutsvaga kwake kwekuchinja anoedza kushanyira Pérez, zvisinei, hazvisi nyore kwaari nekuda kwezvirambidzo zvakatemerwa nehurumende kurwisa vasungwa ava.
Pasinei neizvi, Porfirio haaregi, saka anokwanisa kukwira shongwe dzeimba yemamongi nekubatana kwehama yake humwe husiku munaNovember. Izvi zvinomutungamira kuti ataure naPérez kuburikidza nemutauro wechiLatin.
Mushure memamiriro ezvinhu aya, kuregererwa kunopihwa kumajeri uye saka Porfirio anofunga kuzivisa Pérez nezvechisarudzo. Pakasvika Zvita wegore rimwe chetero, Pérez akadzingwa nagavhuna uyezve, gwaro rokusungwa rakapiwa Porfirio Díaz, sezvo iye pachake akasarudza kuvhota pachena achipikisa Santa Anna, nokudaro achitsigira Álvarez.
Juan Álvarez panguva iyoyo, anosarudza kuronga boka remagandanga, nechinangwa chekutarisana nemauto ehurumende munharaunda yeTeotongo panosvika Kukadzi wegore ra d 1855. Iva nechokwadi chekuzvizivisa nezvinyorwa zvakaita se. Biography yaGuadalupe Victoria
Kusiya basa kwaSanta Anna
Muna Nyamavhuvhu 9, 1855, Santa Anna anosarudza kusiya chinzvimbo chake semutungamiri mushure mezviitiko zvakasimudzwa pamusoro pake. Ndosaka achipinda muchiteshi chengarava cheVeracruz kuenda kuCuba.
NdiJuan N. Álvarez anova purezidhendi wenharaunda yeMexico, sezvo ari iye akatungamira masangano echimurenga achipikisa Santa Anna. Pana Nyamavhuvhu 27 wegore rimwe chetero, Benito Juárez anodzoka, apedza makore mashoma ari muhutapwa muUnited States. Mushure meizvozvo, Benito Juárez anogadzwa kuva gavhuna weOaxaca.
Kune rumwe rutivi, Celestino Macedonia, akashanda somunyori wehurumende yeHurumende. Ndicho chikonzero nei chirevo chekugadza Porfirio Díaz semukuru wezvematongerwo enyika anotarisira Dunhu reIxtlán akatorwa.
Díaz anokwanisa kuita murindi wekutanga mukati meiyi nharaunda, kunyangwe aine vanhu vakati wandei vachipikisana naye, sezvaive zvakaita mukuru wemauto ehurumende. Zviri pamwe chete nemauto matsva aya kuti Díaz anotora chikamu muOaxaca muhondo mugore ra 1856. Muchiitiko ichi chezvakaitika kare akakuvadzwa nebhoti uye mushure meizvi Esteban Calderón anoenderera mberi kumuvhiya.
Mubairo webasa rako
Porfirio Díaz akapiwa mubairo wezviito zvakasununguka zvaakaita paakaramba ari mubasa rake rechiuto. Munhu akamupa kuzivikanwa uku aive Mutungamiri Ignacio Comonfort. Kune rumwe rutivi, ndiye akapa hutungamiri hwemauto eIsthmus yeTehuantepec, iyo yaiva muSanto Domingo Tehuantepec.
Mushure mechiitiko ichi, chimurenga chekuchengetedza chakasimuka, saka Porfirio Díaz akasarudza kutora mutungamiri weJamiltepec, iri munharaunda yeIxcapa. Ndiko kutenda kwechiito ichi kuti zviitiko zvakarongwa nevanochengetedza zvakachengetwa kure.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti munharaunda yeTehuantepec, ndezvekuti Díaz anosvika pakuziva Mauricio López, anoshanda ari pasi pezvinhu zvakasununguka. Pamusoro peizvi, aive nemukana wekufambidzana nemaneja weposvo wepo, aizivikanwa saJuan Calvo. Pamwe chete naJuan A. Avendaño, akashanda munharaunda yacho somutongi nomutengesi, uye Charles Etienne Brasseur, akanga ari murume wokuFrance akanga achifamba mundima yacho.
Kune rimwe divi, Díaz yenguva, yakagadzira hukama nezvinhu zvetsika yeZapotec uyezve iyo Mixtec tsika. Zvakakoshawo kutaura kuti akakurudzirwa kuti adzidze zvakawanda pamusoro peMixtec zuva rega rega nokuti amai vake vaiva muzukuru wevaAborigines ava.
Uyewo, akava nomukana wokugoverana naJuana C. Romero, mukadzi anokosha akabva kumhuri yakatanhamara yezvamatongerwe enyika. Nenzira yakafanana, apo Porfiriato yakanga ichikura, murume wacho akasarudza kuva rutivi rwamativi akatanhamara eIsthmus.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti maiva muna 1860 apo Porfirio Díaz akasiya nharaunda yeOaxaca kekutanga. Kuratidzira mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika, maererano nezvipupuriro zvakadai seizvo zvaBrasseur, kuti akanga ari murume ane chiremera chepamusoro, sezvo akanga ane hunhu hwoukuru. Pasina kusiya parutivi, zvinhu zvakajairika zveMexico.
Kune vakawanda, Díaz aive neimwe halo yevakuru vakuru. Panguva imwecheteyo, hunhu hwake hwakanaka nehungwaru hwakapenya pakuita sarudzo dzine chekuita nekushanduka kwenyika yake. Kuburikidza neizvi akatanga kunzi murume weOaxaca.
shanduko yehondo
Panguva yakatanga Hondo yeReform, Porfirio Díaz aive mumwe wemauto aitungamirwa naJosé María Díaz Ordaz naIgnacio Mejía muhondo dzakaitwa muCalpulalpan.
Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti mushure mekukura kwake kukuru, akapiwa zvinzvimbo zveColonel uye lieutenant general mumakore matatu chete. Pakupedzisira, mushure mekukunda kwakasununguka kwakagadziriswa muna Ndira 11, 1861, Porfirio akasarudza kukwikwidza mutevedzeri wemubatanidzwa, kubva mudunhu raakaberekerwa. Izvi zvinowana kukunda muparamende, pasi pekumiririrwa neOaxaca, mune inodaidzwa kuti Congress of the Union.
Zvisinei nekukunda uku, Díaz anosarudza kugara kure nechinzvimbo chake kwechinguva aine chinangwa chekujoinha mauto, mushure mekuurayiwa kwakarongwa nevachengetedzi vachipokana naMelchor Ocampo, Santos Degollado naLeandro Valle, uyo akatora nzvimbo yake paakanga asipo. chinzvimbo chake chaive Justo Benítez.
Kokorodzano muLondon
Pana October 31, 1861, musangano wakaitwa muLondon umo vamiririri veSpain, France neEngland vaibatanidzwa. Nyika dzese idzi dzaive nechinangwa chakafanana chaive chakanangana nekuwana nzira yekumanikidza Mexico kubhadhara zvikwereti zvayo.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akavepo mushure mekumiswa kwekubhadhara kwakaitwa naBenito Juárez, sezvo nyika yaive isina mari. Chii chakakurudzira maFrench, Spanish neChirungu kuenda kuvhu reMexico kubva kumahombekombe eVeracruz, Orizaba neCórdoba.
Mauto emauto ekunze aya aitungamirwa naJuan Prim, Dubois de Saligny naJohn Russell. Nekudaro, nekuda kwaManuel Doblado, uyo panguva iyoyo aishanda seGurukota rezvekune dzimwe nyika, mauto eSpanish neChirungu akabva abuda, sezvo zvibvumirano zveLa Soledad zvakabuda pachena.
Pasinei nenhaurirano, hapana chakabvumirana nemauto eFrance, saka vakasarudza kugara munharaunda yeMexico. Iko kutanga kwaKurume 1862 kuti vanoenderera mberi nekuzvisimbisa mukati menyika. Ava vaive nemauto anosvika zviuru zvishanu, avo vakarairwa naCharles Ferdinand Latrille, aive nemusoro wekuti Count of Lorencez.
Paive pakupera kwaApril wegore iroro apo mauto eFrance akagara muLas Flores, nzvimbo yaiumba dunhu reVeracruz. Mushure mezviitiko izvi, Benito Juárez anosarudza kuratidza kuna Ignacio Zaragoza, kuti ave chikamu cheuto rinosunungura iro rinozopedzisira raita muHondo yeReform, nechinangwa chekugumisa mauto eFrance akagara muPuebla.
Pakuvamba kwaMay, Porfirio Díaz, mumubatanidzwa nemamwe masoja, anosarudza kupa rutsigiro kurwisa maFrench muHondo yePuebla. Iko mushure meizvi kuti kukunda kunowanikwa, izvo zvinotungamira mauto evavengi kudzokera kuOrizaba.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti Díaz aive nebasa rekudzivirira nzvimbo yekuruboshwe yeguta. Kwaaigara achipikisa kurwiswa kwakarongwa nemauto eFrance. Kune rumwe rutivi, mushure mekukundwa uye kutiza, ndiPorfirio Díaz naGonzález Ortega, vanozvitsaurira kune basa rekudzingirira mauto anopinda nechisimba, nechinangwa chokuvaparadza zvachose.
Nekudaro, Zaragoza inosarudza kumisa zviito zvavo, zvichiita kuti vaFrance vabudirire kutiza. Mushure mekuita uku kwaZaragoza, musoja anofunga kumutumira tsamba kuna Juárez, aine chinangwa chekumuzivisa nezve zvese zvakaitika muhondo. Mariri, akaratidzira nenzira yakasarudzika zvese zvakaitwa naPorfirio Díaz.
Kufa kwaSaragossa
Pakutanga kwaSeptember, Zaragoza akafira munharaunda yePuebla. Kune rumwe rutivi, pakutanga kwegore 1863, Emperor weFrance Napoleon III akasarudza kutumira mamwe mauto kuMexico, nechinangwa chekuwana kukunda kwakakwana uye nokudaro kugadzira nzira yeEuropean geopolitical zvakare mukondinendi yeAmerica.
Federico Forey akanga ari mutungamiri wemauto akanga ari muPuebla kubvira muna Kubvumbi 1863. Ukuwo, akanga ari Jesús González Ortega uyo akapfuurira kudzivirira nzvimbo yacho nemauto ake. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti akawana kubatana kwaMiguel Negrete naFelipe Berriozábal y Díaz.
Zvose izvi zvakatungamirira kuhondo shomanana nemigumisiro isina kubudirira kumativi ose emutambo. Nekudaro, mushure mekumirira kwakawanda, maFrance anowana kutonga pakati paMay. Ndicho chikonzero nei Porfirio Díaz akasarudza kuparadza zvombo zvose nemagwaro kuitira kuti maFrench arege kuvatora.
Panguva iyo maFrench anokwanisa kupfuura nhare dzinochengeterwa mauto eMexico, mauto ese aive chikamu cheiyo republican akatorwa sevasungwa vekorona yeFrance.
Kubata uye kuvharirwa
Porfirio Diaz. Pamwe chete nevamwe vatori vechikamu vemauto ehondo, vakatorwa uye vakachengetwa mukati meConvent yeSanta Inés, yaive muPuebla. Mushure mekutorwa, vasungwa vemauto vakaendeswa kuVeracruz. Uku ndiko kwavaizoendeswa kuMartinique.
Nekudaro, nekuda kwehungwaru hwavo hunoshamisa, vese Berriozábal naDíaz vanokwanisa kutizira kuguta guru renyika yeMexico. Zvichiri kuitika izvi, nzira yekutiza yaiitika kuna Juárez nenhengo dzake dzakavimbika dzekanzuru. Izvi zvakakonzerwa nekuti mauto aipinda nechisimba aJuan Nepomuceno Almonte aivatevera nekubatana kwemauto eFrance.
Zvese izvi zvinotungamira Díaz kuti ataure naJuárez pakupera kwaMay, muhurukuro iyi mubvunzo wakabvunzwa nemutungamiri wenyika unomira pachena, une chekuita nekuti Díaz aive nechido chekurwira rusununguko rwenyika yake.
Tichifunga izvi, Porfirio anoratidza kuti anofanirwa kuronga nekuendesa battalion kuti ienderane nemauto eFrance uye vanobatana navo. Kuburikidza neizvi uye pasi pesimba raSebastián Lerdo de Tejada, kuti mutungamiri wenyika anopa Díaz 30000 nhengo dzemauto ake anovimbwa nawo emauto.
Pamwe chete nemauto aya Díaz anofunga kuenda kunharaunda yeOaxaca. Pamusoro peizvi, anonyorwa sagavhuna wenguva pfupi. Mumwedzi waChikumi anosvika muOaxaca pamwe chete naManuel González nemukoma wake Felipe. Izvo zvakakosha kuti titaure kuti González akatiza kubva kumaConservatives mushure mekufa kwaComfort.
Hondo pakati pemagandanga
Mukati megore ra1864, hondo dzakawanda pakati pemagandanga aitungamirirwa naDíaz naGonzález dzakaitika. Izvi zvakabvumira Oaxaca kuti isambotongwa nemaFrench.
Pasinei nokukunda kwomunhu oga uku kwehurumende, mamiriro acho ezvinhu akanga achinetsa, sezvo vachengeti vetsika vakanga vachiwana nzvimbo yakawanda zuva nezuva pashure pokukunda kwakawanda muhondo. Nechikonzero ichi kuti Juárez afunga kusiya Monterrey kunanga kuPaso Norte. Verenga zvishoma nezvezvinyorwa zvakadai Vana magamba
Zviitiko izvi pazvakamuka, boka remauto pamwe nevafundisi vane pfungwa dzinochengetedza vakasarudza kutamira kuVienna, Austria, nechinangwa chekupa Archduke Maximilian weHabsburg korona yeHumambo hweMexico pamwe chete nemukadzi wake Carlota muna Gumiguru 1863.
Sarudzo yekupa masimba kuna Maximilian yakaitwa mushure mekurukurirano pakati pevakuru vezvematongerwo enyika uyezve nhengo dzenzanga yepamusoro muMexico, uko archduke aive tarisiro yakanaka yekushanda samambo. Ipapo ndipo apo Humambo hutsva hweMexico hwakagadzwa munaJune 10, 1864.
Oaxaca Kusimbisa
Kwekutanga kwaFebruary wegore 1865, Porfirio Díaz anoenderera mberi nekugadzira zvinhu zvinokwanisa kusimbisa mamiriro ayo Oaxaca anozviwana. Zvese izvi mukutsvaga kuderedza mauto aitungamirwa naAquiles Bazaine vaive vangosara nhanho shoma kuti vatore Antequera.
Bazaine anotanga hurongwa hwake hwekuzvisimbisa munharaunda yeOaxaca pakati paKukadzi uye mushure memamiriro akati wandei maanotanga kurwira nharaunda, Díaz anofunga kuzvipira pakati paJune.
Zvichipa izvi, Bazaine anorayira kuti Díaz apfurwe, asi Justo Benítez anokwanisa kumukurudzira kuti zvakanga zvisina kufanira kugumisa hupenyu hwake. Pashure paikoku ndipo pavakamuendesa kutorongo rakanga riri muKamerite Convent, munharaunda yePuebla.
Pasinei nenguva idzi dzerima muhupenyu hwake, ndipo apo Díaz anokwanisa kugadzira zvimedu neHungarian baron Louis de Salignac, sezvo ari iye akazvipira kudzora jeri.
Ukuwo, Díaz anoedza kutiza nebanga netambo rimwe zuva mukuru wemauto paakanga asiri mukati mejeri. Akatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, baron anomuwana asi nekuda kwehushamwari hwavo anoenderera mberi akanyarara ndokumurega achitiza.
Izvi pazvaiitika, boka revarume rakaiswa nechinangwa chekuenda kunorwa. Mukuwedzera, vasati vaita chero chiito, vakapfuurira kuzivisa Juárez netsamba yezviito zvaizoitwa.
Hondo yekuMabvazuva
Díaz anoita mabasa ekutsvaga kwegore nehafu uye mushure mekuzadzisa chinangwa chake, anofunga kudzokera kumaodzanyemba kwenharaunda yeMexico. Iri munharaunda iyi kwaakagamuchira rubatsiro kubva kune cacique ine yakasununguka pfungwa Juan Álvarez.
Mushure meizvi, anofunga kugadzira Hondo yekuMabvazuva, iyo yaakawana kukunda kwake muna Gumiguru 3, 1866, mune inonzi Hondo yeMiahuatlán. Gare gare muna Gumiguru 18 wegore rimwe chete, kubudirira nemauto aDíaz kwakaitika muHondo yeLa Carbonera.
Porfirio Díaz anosarudza kurwisa guta reOaxaca, mushure mekugadzirira mauto ake kwemwedzi miviri. Anokwanisa kutora kutonga kweguta reOaxaca pahusiku hwaZvita 27. Saka anosarudza kusarudza gavhuna kuti atungamirire sarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika, dzehupfumi nemauto.
Kune rimwe divi, nekutora kutonga kweOaxaca, Díaz akaenderera mberi nekudzinga uye mune dzimwe nguva zvakare kuuraya mavara akaumba mauto eFrance. Saizvozvo, bhishopi mukuru weOaxaca anosarudza kuzvitaura achipokana nemasangano ezvematongerwo enyika, ayo Díaz anoenderera mberi nekumuuraya, aine chinangwa chekubvisa chero rudzi rwekumukira. Juan de Dios Borja, ndiye anga achiita sagavhuna kubvira 1867.
French kubvisa
Mushure mezviitiko zvose zvakakonzera kukundikana kwaNapoleon III, anofunga kubvisa mauto ake pakutanga kwaFebruary 1867. Saka Bazaine anokumbira kubviswa kwevarume vake. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti vezvenhau vakaita basa rakakosha muzviito zvakatorwa namambo weFrance, sezvo vakaburitsa misiyano yemafungiro akakanganisa neimwe nzira zviito zveparamende zveFrance.
Kune zvakayedzwa nechiito ichi kudzinga zvimwe zvinhu zvakajairwa nevaPrussia avo mune ramangwana vaizove ma protagonists aizotungamira kuHondo yeFranco-Pursian munharaunda yeFrance.
Kuwa kweMexican Empire
Matanho akatorwa naMambo Napoleon III akauya nawo kutanga kwekudonha kweHumambo hweMexico. Pakati pezvikonzero zvine chekuita nemamiriro ezvinhu aya ndechekuti mambo, asina kutsigirwa neFrance, aive nevarume mazana mashanu chete mumauto ake ehondo.
Mushure meizvi, zvakasarudzwa kuita masangano akasununguka, uko Maximilian aive nevanochengetedza vakadai saMiguel Miramón naTomás Mejía, vakapfuurira nemauto avo madiki kuenda kuQuerétaro, kwavakagamuchirwa naMariano Escobedo, akakundwa musi wa15 Chivabvu. kubva 1867.
Izvi pazvaiitika, Charlotte wokuBelgium, mudzimai waMaximilian, akapfuurira kuenda kuParis neRoma, aine chinangwa chokutaura naNapoleon III, Francisco José I, Pope Pius IX naEugenia de Montijo, vachitsvaka rutsigiro kuti vachengetedze nyika. empire.
Mukukurukura haana kuwana zvaitarisirwa, saka haana kuwana rutsigiro kumurume wake. Zvese izvi zvakamuita kuti atambure nekurwiswa kwekupenga muRome, izvo mhuri yake yakasarudza kumuvharira kunhare yeBrussels, kwaakafira muna Ndira 19, 1927, aine makore 87.
Pakazosvika Kurume 1867, Díaz akatanga hurongwa hwekudzoreredza nharaunda yePuebla. Zviito izvi zvakaitwa kwemavhiki matatu, izvo zvakaunza kugadzirira kunodiwa kumisa mauto akarairwa naLeonardo Márquez, hunhu hwakasarudza kutamira kuToluca mushure mekukundwa kwake.
Paive pana Kubvumbi 2, 1867, apo Porfirio Díaz akaita kurwisa kwekupedzisira paPuebla. Naizvozvo, Puebla yakarega kuva guta rekumaodzanyemba rakanga riri pasi pehurumende yeFrance. Mushure meizvi, zvese zvakasara ndezvekugumisa kutonga kweFrance muQueretaro uye guta guru reMexico.
mauto akasimba
Porfirio Díaz paakanga achienda kuToluca, Márquez, uyo aitonga ndima yacho, akadzidziswa varume vanenge 700. Pakazosvika pakati paApril, mauto akatungamirirwa naGonzalo Montes de Oca akaenderera mberi nekuita kurwisana naMárquez.
Vakakunda mukurwisa vaive mauto airwira kusunungurwa kweMexico. Kune izvo Márquez anosarudza kuenda kuCuba, kwaanogara kusvikira afa muna 1913. Izvi zvinodanwa nenhoroondo Hondo yeLomas de San Lorenzo.
Nekukunda uku, chinhu chimwe chete chaive chasara kwaive kumisa simba raive rasara reFrance. Sezvo mamiriro akakodzera ekurwiswa akagadzirwa, Porfirio Díaz anosarudza kurambidza chero rudzi rwekurwisa, kupamba kana kuba. Tichifunga izvi, varume vaviri veboka rake vakasarudza kusateerera, izvo vakarangwa nekupfurwa.
Maximiliano, kune rumwe rutivi, anoenderera mberi nekupa simba reQuerétaro plaza kuna Mariano Escobedo, mushure mekuvharirwa, izvo zvakamuunza mujeri pamwe chete naMejías naMiramón.
Vese mavara aya akapfurwa mushure mekutyora mitemo yenyika uye yenyika uye Chibvumirano cheSoledad. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti vazhinji ndivo vakakumbira ruregerero kuna mambo nevamwe vateveri vake vaviri. Zvisinei, Benito Juárez akasarudza kusaratidza tsitsi.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti maererano nezvinyorwa, vanhu veMexico vakaitwa kuti vatende kuti Maximiliano akanga asina kufa, achigadzira dzidziso yokuti aizodzokera kuguta guru kuti arwire kodzero dzake dzehurumende. Nekudaro, Porfirio Díaz anosarudza kuburitsa kufa kwake, nechinangwa chekupedza makuhwa aya asina musoro.
Juarez Recognition
Benito Juárez mushure memaitiro ese akaitwa naPorfirio Díaz anosarudza kuburitsa mutsamba yakanyorerwa Guillermo Prieto, iyo mukana uyo mudiki Díaz aive nawo, achisimbisa kusimudzira kwaigona kuunza kugara kwake munzvimbo yesimba.
Pamusoro peizvi, muhurukuro yakaitwa munaChikunguru 15, Benito Juárez akaenderera mberi nekuziva hunhu hwaPorfirio Díaz paruzhinji. Zvakare, ndinomupa mubairo wekuziva hunyanzvi uye kukunda kwakaitwa nemauto eOaxaca.
Saizvozvo, iyo Hacienda de La Noria yakapihwa, uko Plan de La Noria yaizoitwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, mukoma waDiaz, Felipe, nekuda kweunyanzvi hwake hukuru anonzi gavhuna weOaxaca. Izvi zvakaitwa kuburikidza nevhoti yakakurumbira. Uyezve, Porfirio anosarudza kudzokera kunharaunda yeOaxaca.
Kuda hukama
Paaive munguva dzehondo, Porfirio Díaz aive nehukama hwerudo. Pakati pezvakanyanya kukosha ndeye rudo rwaaive narwo kwemakore mashoma naJuana Catalina Romero. Mumwe mukadzi uyo, kunze kwokumubetsera nemativi eHondo yeReform, akamupa tsigiro yemirangariro.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti hukama hwakagara mushure mehondo. Zvinototendwa kuti panguva yaaityirwa rufu akananga kumba kwemudiwa wake.
Saizvozvowo, maererano nezvinyorwa zvekare, Díaz aivawo neukama naRafaela Quiñones, uyo akanga ari musoja muhondo yekupindira. Iri mushure merudo urwu apo mwanasikana anonzi Amanda Díaz akaberekwa muna 1867, akagara naPorfirio kusvika 1879.
Kune rimwe divi, muna Kubvumbi 15, 1867, Porfirio Díaz akaroora muzukuru wake Delfina Ortega de Díaz, mushure mekuregererwa naBenito Juárez pamubatanidzwa pakati pevaviri vane genetic hukama.
Pashure pacho, mwanakomana wekutanga wevaviri ava akaberekwa muna 1869, mukomana wacho ainzi Porfirio Germán, zvisinei akafa mwedzi mishomanana aberekwa. Pashure pemakore maviri vanokwanisa kubereka mapatya, asi ivava, semwana wavo wokutanga, vanofa vachangoberekwa.
Muna 1873, Porfirio Díaz Ortega akaberekwa, aive mwanakomana wekutanga kurarama kusvika akura. Ukuwo, muna Chivabvu 1875 Luz Victoria akaberekwa, ane zita iroro mushure mekukunda kwakaitwa muPuebla.
Sarudzo dze1867 uye makore akazotevera
Gare gare, apo hondo nemauto eFrance inopera. Benito Juárez, achitsigirwa nechinyorwa 128 cheBumbiro reMitemo rakagadzirirwa 1857, anokwanisa kuzvizivisa semutungamiri. Nechikonzero ichi, sarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika dzinoitwa Svondo, Nyamavhuvhu 25, 1867.
Mumiriri akanyanya kukosha aive Benito Juárez. Iye akatarisana naye pasarudzo dzesarudzo aive Porfirio Díaz. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti hurumende iyo Porfirio Diaz yaipihwa yakavakirwa pazvinhu zvebudiriro yenyika. Zvakabuda musarudzo dzevaviri ava zvakamira seizvi:
- Benito Juarez 2344 mavhoti.
- Porfirio Diaz 785 mavhoti.
Mushure memhedzisiro, Congress, iyo yaimiririrwa naManuel Romero Rubio semutungamiri wedare, inoenderera mberi nekuzivisa pachena Benito Juárez semutungamiri weMexico Republic nenzira iri mubumbiro.
Nguva yaJuarez kubva ipapo yakatanga musi waDecember 1, 1867 uye yakaguma munaNovember 30, 1871. Zviito izvi zvakaiswa mumigwagwa yeguta guru kubva munaSeptember 23 wegore resarudzo. Nechinangwa chekujekesa kuvanhu zviitiko zvaiitika.
Kukundwa kwaDiaz
Panguva inoshumwa zvakabuda, Porfirio Díaz anonzwa kushushikana zvakanyanya mushure mekukundwa nekukunda kwaJuárez musarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika. Ndicho chikonzero nei anoenderera mberi kuenda kune yake hacienda La Noria.
Imo munzvimbo ino kuti pakutanga kwaFebruary 1868 anoziviswa nezve kumiswa kweHondo yeEast, iyo muna Chikunguru wegore rapfuura yakaderedzwa kusvika varume zviuru zvina mukati mekukura kwemauto.
Zvakare, Benito Juárez kuburikidza naMatías Romero, aishanda panguva iyoyo seGurukota rezvemukati menyika, akapa Porfirio Díaz chinzvimbo chemutungamiri wedare reMexico muWashington DC, nekuda kwemabasa ake anoshamisa. Nekudaro, kunyangwe iri chinzvimbo chakatanhamara, Díaz anofarira kusatambira chikumbiro ichi.
Budiriro yehupenyu hwako
Kubva 1869 kusvika 1870, Porfirio Díaz anofunga kugara muhacienda yake La Noria, pamwe chete nemukadzi wake Delfina, mukutsvaga runyararo. Munguva iyi yehupenyu hwake, vana vatatu vanofa vachangozvarwa vanoberekwa.
Atarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu anorwadza aya, mudzimai wake Delfina anodavira kuti zviitiko zvacho zvine chokuita nechitendero. Izvi imhaka yokuti muchato wavo wakaitika pasinei nokuti vaiva noukama hwehama dzeropa.
Kune rimwe divi, izvi zvichitora nzvimbo, La Noria yaive nzvimbo huru iyo Porfirio Díaz akatanga aine hwaro hwakanangana nemabasa ane chekuita nepfuti, pfuti nepfuti. Saizvozvo, Diaz akakwanisa, zvinhu zvekurima.
Saizvozvo, mukoma wake Félix Díaz Mori panguva iyoyo akava gavhuna weOaxaca. Kunyange zvazvo akaramba ari gavhuna, akabatwa nedzimwe nhaurirano uye nekumwe kurwisana, nekuda kwemitero pahuni, nevatongi veJuchitán.
Pakazosvika pakati paFebruary 1870, gavhuna pamwe nemauto ake, anoumbwa nevarume mazana mashanu, vakapinda muguta uye vanotanga nekupondwa kwevanhu vemapoka ose, varume nezera, kusanganisira vakadzi nevana vasina mhosva. Zviito izvi zvakaitwa nechinangwa chekubvisa chero rudzi rwemhirizhonga.
Asati abva panzvimbo yacho, gavhuna anosarudza kupinda muchechi yomunzvimbomo nechinangwa chokuipamba. Ndokusaka akarayira kuti chifananidzo chemuchengeti wemutsvene weJuchitán chidzikiswe, achitsvaka kujekesa kutonga kwaaiva nako pamusoro peguta.
Nguva gare gare Díaz Mori anofunga kutumira zvidimbu zvakaparadzwa kuguta. Izvi zviito zvakakonzera kuti muna March 1872, chirongwa chakaitwa chaizoguma nekutorwa kwegavhuna. Mushure meizvi, vanoenderera mberi nekumutema kuti pakupedzisira vamuuraye. Zviito zvacho zvakaitwa nechinangwa chekujekesa kuti aifanira kubhadhara zviito zvakaitwa muJuchitan.
The Ferris vhiri Revolution
Pakazosvika 1871, Porfirio Díaz afunga kukwikwidza zvakare musarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika. Izvo zvakakosha kutaura kuti Benito Juárez anga achimhanya kechitatu.
Kune rumwe rutivi, Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada akanga ariwo mupikisi wesarudzo, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga achiita semutungamiri weDare Repamusorosoro reJustice wenyika.
Sarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika idzi dzakaitwa pana Nyamavhuvhu 27, 1871. Zvisinei, zvakabuda muna October wegore iroro, zvakapazve Juarez kukunda. Mhedzisiro yekongiri ichaonekwa pazasi:
- Benito Juárez ane mavhoti 5837.
- Porfirio Díaz aive ne3555 mavhoti.
- Ukuwo Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada akawana 2874 mavhoti.
nonconformity
Zvakabuda musarudzo zvakaunza kusawirirana kwaDíaz naLerdo. Ndosaka vachikurudzirwa kupikisa zvakaburitswa neCongress.
Mushure mezviito zvisina kuwana mhedzisiro yakanaka, Lerdo anosarudza kudzokera kunzvimbo yake mukati meDare Repamusorosoro reRuramisiro. Nekudaro, Porfirio Díaz haaregi pamberi pekutadza. Ndicho chikonzero mushure mekuita kukuru anowana mvumo yevagari vakati wandei vekumaodzanyemba kwenharaunda yeMexico.
Vazhinji vevateveri vaDíaz vaive vakaungana mukati medunhu reOaxaca. Pakati pemapoka avo paiva nevechiuto uye varidzi vehaciendas. Zviito zvese izvi zvakaita kuti Díaz neboka rake vaite Chirongwa cheLa Noria mukutanga kwaMbudzi wegore iroro. Izvi zvakavakirwa pamubatanidzwa wemauto uchipokana naBenito Juárez. Saka neizvi zvinotanga Revolution yeLa Noria.
Zviito zvakatungamirwa naPorfirio Díaz zvakaunza dunhu reOaxaca, Chiapas neGuerrero kuti vabatane nemauto aDíaz. Neizvi, kukunda kwakawanwa munharaunda yeToluca. Zvisinei, apa ndipo pakatangira kukundwa, pasina kukwanisa kumira.
Avo vakakwanisa kuparadza zviito zvaDíaz nemauto ake vaiva Ignacio Mejías naSóstenes Rocha. Nekune rimwe divi, vapanduki veLa Noria, kunyangwe vaive nekukundwa kwakasiyana, vakakwanisa kuwana vateveri pakati pevanhu vepasi veMexico. Izvo zvakaunza nenhamba huru yevabatsiri.
Zvakare, panguva iyo mauto aDíaz anotsvaka kupfuura nePuerto Ángel muOaxaca, nechinangwa chekuenda kuPanama muna 1872, mauto eJuchitecos anokwanisa kupamba Félix Díaz, uyo anourayiwa sekudzorera mhosva dzake. kurwisana nevanhu veJuchitec munguva yakapfuura.
Pahusiku hwekufa kwake Manuel González, uyo mukuwedzera pakuva chikamu chehutungamiriri hwekumukira aive shamwari yaPorfirio Díaz, anogamuchira tsamba inoratidza kuti Félix Díaz akange aurayiwa.
Benito Juarez akafa
Musi waChikunguru 18, 1872, Benito Juárez anofira muguta guru reMexico. Izvi pazvaiitika, Díaz naGonzález vakaita musangano vachitsvaga rutsigiro, naManuel Lozada, uyo akaita semushonga weNayarit.
Maererano nenyaya, zvinoratidzwa kuti apo Díaz akanzwa pfuti yekanoni yakaratidza kufa kwemutungamiri, akabvunza kuti chii chaiitika, icho avo vaiva pedyo nemurume wacho vakamuudza kuti Juárez akanga afa.
Ndiko mushure meizvi kuti Lerdo de Tejada anogadzwa semutungamiri wenguva pfupi. Naizvozvo, zvirongwa zvakaitwa naDíaz zvakamira kuita zvine musoro, sezvo pakanga pasisina chikonzero chekurwisa vabatsiri vaJuárez.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akakurudzira Díaz kuti arambe achichengeta kutaurirana naLozada, asi kana achitaura zvirongwa zvake, haamupi chero rubatsiro. Zvichikonzera kumukirana kwevapanduki. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti muna Gumiguru wegore iroro, sarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika dzinoitwa.
Vakakwikwidza vaive Porfirio Díaz naSebastián Lerdo de Tejada. Uyo akatora kukunda aive Lerdo de Tejada, saka Congress inoenderera mberi nekuburitsa nguva yaLerdo yaizobva muna Zvita 1, 1872, kusvika Mbudzi 30, 1876.
Kune rimwe divi, kuregererwa kunotemerwa kune vanomukira veLa Noria, naMariano Escobedo. Zvakadaro, sarudzo iyi yakapihwa mukutsinhana nevatori vechikamu mubato rechimurenga iri vasisave chikamu cheMexican Army.
Kukunda kweLerdo
Kukundwa kwaPorfirio Díaz kwakaunza kusekwa neruzhinji kune vamiriri vepepanhau renguva iyoyo. Ndiyo mushure meizvi kuti Díaz anofunga kudzokera kuOaxaca.
Achisvika kumba, akawana kuti mumwe wevanasikana vake akanga afa. Kune rumwe rutivi, mamiriro ehupfumi akashata akaita kuti asarudze kutengesa nzvimbo yeLa Noria. Zvakare, inobatanidzwa nepurazi rakashanda semurimi weshuga, iri muTlacotalpan, nzvimbo iri chikamu cheVeracruz. unogona kuverengawo Biography yaAgustin de Iturbide
Iri munharaunda yeVeracruz kuti Diaz inowana kugadzikana mune zvehupfumi renji zvakare. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti Porfirio Díaz akashanda kurima shuga uye kuita mabasa ekuveza. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti paakanga achigadzira chiitiko ichi akagadzira chigaro chinozunguza chine otomatiki mafeni.
vavariro dzezvematongerwe enyika
Pasinei nezvose zvakaitika Porfirio Díaz, akanga achiri kuchengeta zvishuvo zvake zvezvematongerwo enyika zvakajeka. Ndokusaka muna Gumiguru 1874, anomhanyira mutevedzeri wemubatanidzwa, chinzvimbo icho mushure mesarudzo akakwanisa kukunda. Mushure meizvi, anoenderera mberi nekutaura kuChamber of Deputies.
Nekune rimwe divi, sevamwe vatevedzeri vanga vari chikamu chemauto eMexico, anoramba chirevo chekudzikisa mudyandigere wemasoja anga asisiri kushandira nyika.
Aivewo aipesana nemafambisirwo aitsvaga kudzikisa muhoro wemasoja aive achiri kuumba Mauto enyika. Zvese izvi zvinomutungamira kuti azvitaure achipokana nechikumbiro chePfuma.
Justo Benítez panguva iyoyo ndiye aibatsira Porfirio Díaz, saka akamuraira kuti aenderere mberi nekutaura achipa zvinokurudzira zviito zvake mukati meImba yeMutemo.
Ichi chikumbiro chakagamuchirwa naDíaz, zvisinei nekuti aiziva kusagona kwake semutauri. Akanzwa kuti chiitiko chacho chainyatsokodzera. Ndosaka achiedza kutaura zvakanaka.
Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti pasinei nekuedza kukuru, inokundikana kuzadzisa zvinotarisirwa uye kunyange kuchema pakati pekuita kwemutemo. Izvi zvakaita kuti vazhinji vezvematongerwo enyika vaseke chinzvimbo chaDíaz, maererano neakaunti yakagadzwa naJosé López Portillo y Rojas.
Diaz political movement
Zvisinei nekuti zvakaitika muparamende zvakakanganisa chimiro cheveruzhinji chaPorfirio Díaz, boka rezvematongerwo enyika raive nemafungiro akadzama pasi pekuraira kwaLerdo, rakaunza kurongeka kwakasimba kwebato rePorfirista.
Zvishoma nezvishoma, vatsigiri veboka rePorfirista vakawedzera, asi vateveri vaLerdo vakaderera. Zvakakosha kuratidza kuti chikwata chepamusoro chevanhu ndicho chakanyanya kukurudzirwa kutevera zvinangwa zveDíaz. Izvi zvakakonzerwa nekuti Lerdo akasarudza kubvisa masangano ezvitendero pasimba uye akakwidza kubhadharwa kwemitero kubva mugore ra1874.
Ukuwo, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hurumende dzemamwe marudzi hadzina kubvumirana nezvisarudzo zvakapiwa nemasangano eLerdista. Pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana nezvavakasarudza ndezvekuti kutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa kune dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seEngland neFrance, kwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya.
Mamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwo enyika aya, munyika nekune dzimwe nyika, akatungamira Porfirio Díaz kuwana rutsigiro rwakawanda uye saka simba zuva rega rega. Ndicho chikonzero nei nhengo dzeboka rezvematongerwo enyika raLerdo dzakatora basa rekuongorora zviito zvaDíaz kwemwedzi mishomanana.
Zvakare, Manuel Romero Rubio, uyo aive chipangamazano chaLerdo mune zvematongerwo enyika, akapa Porfirio Díaz chigaro chemutungamiri weDare Repamusorosoro reJustice, senzira yezvematongerwo enyika. Nekudaro, nekuda kwemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika emukati menyika, Díaz akasarudza kuramba chikumbiro ichi.
The Tuxtepec Revolution
Pakupera kwa1875, Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada akasarudza kutaura chishuvo chake chokukwikwidza zvakare musarudzo dzaizoitwa muna 1876. Ichi chiziviso chakaitwa pamutemo pana December 23 wegore rimwe chetero, icho chakaunza mirangariro yakasiyana-siyana pachikamu chacho. zvemapato ezvematongerwo enyika akatanga muMexico panguva iyoyo.
Nekune rimwe divi, Porfirio Díaz anoenderera mberi nekuzvizivisa semumiriri wepamutemo musarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika. Pamusoro peizvi, akazivisa pachena zvaaida zvaipesana nehutungamiriri hwezvematongerwo enyika hwakanga hwarongwa naLerdo nedare remakurukota panguva yake yemutungamiri wenyika.
Zvisinei, uku kuratidzira kwakakurumidza kudzvinyirirwa naLerdo, sezvo aifunga kuti vakanga vachitsvaka kumuita chiseko chapachena nezviito izvi. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya ekuongororwa akakonzerwa nemapurisa epachivande. Izvo zvakakonzera kusafara kukuru kumapoka ezvematongerwo enyika eLerdismo.
Pana January 10, 1876, Chirongwa cheTuxtepec chakatanga, chakarongwa naPorfirio Díaz. Izvi zvinoumbwa nemasoja anobva kumativi mana enyika uye anototsigirwa neChechi yeRoma.
Kugashira kukuru kunokonzerwa nenzira iyo Lerdo nekabhineti yake vakabata nenzanga yeMexico. Zvichikurudzirawo kutanga kweinonzi Revolution yeTuxtepec, iyo yakava hondo yekupedzisira yezana remakore rechiXNUMX yakaitwa munharaunda yeMexico.
Kuvimbika kuna Lerdo
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti pasinei nekuva nevatsigiri vakawanda, vanenge vose vakanga vari vanhuwo zvavo, sezvo kunyange vazhinji veuto reMexico vakaramba vakavimbika kumirairo yaLerdo. Saka mauto aitungamirirwa naDíaz akanga achiwana kukundwa mushure mekukundwa.
Mariano Escobedo, ndiye anotungamira kukunda munaKurume 1876 achipokana naDíaz, munharaunda yeIcamole, inoumba Nueva León. Vazhinji vakatsigira kuti mushure mekukundwa kwake Porfirio Díaz anoenderera mberi achichema pamberi pemunhu wese, zvisinei, hazvizivikanwe kana dzidziso iyi inopindirwa nechiitiko cheparamende.
Runyerekupe rwakapararira munguva yehondo yezviito zvakatorwa naDíaz zvakaita kuti azivikanwe muhondo saEl Llorón de Icamole. Kune rumwe rutivi, maLerdistas mushure mekukunda kweIcamole vakanzwa vaine chivimbo chekubudirira kwavo kunotevera, nokuda kwechikonzero ichi vanoderedza kungwarira kwavo nekuderedza zviito zvehondo munyika yose.
Zvisinei nezviito, mavara akadai saDonato Guerrero, Manuel González naJusto Benítez, vachiri muhondo dzakaiswa mukati menyika yose. Kune rumwe rutivi, Porfirio Díaz, anosarudza kutamira kuCuba, kuburikidza nechikepe chaibva kuTampico Tamaulipas. Kuti afambe nechikepe pasina dambudziko, Díaz anotamba hunhu hwechiremba wekuSpain anonzi Gustavo Romero.
Parikusvika munharaunda yeCuba apo Díaz anokwanisa kutora zvombo zvakasiyana siyana uyezve vateveri vanoumba nhanho dzenhapwa dzemuno. Mamiriro ayo aive nekuda kwekutonga kwakazara uko kunyange nyika yeSpain yaive nayo munharaunda iyi.
Ndinodzokera kuMexico
Panguva iyo Porfirio Díaz anodzokera kuMexico, anokwanisa kudzora nharaunda dzeVeracruz neSan Luis Potosí. Zvichiri kuitika izvi, Manuel González naBenítez vanoramba vari kutonga dunhu reGuerrero.
Pakazosvika Mbudzi, vanotanga nekufamba kwemagandanga munharaunda yePuebla. Zvichiri kuitika izvi, Alatorre anobviswa pachinzvimbo chake seGurukota reHondo, uye Mejía anomutsiva.
Kune rimwe divi, Escobedo, Alatorre nedzimwe nhengo dzebato reLerdista dzakagara muTecoac, nzvimbo iri mukati memataundi eTlaxcalan. Pakazosvika pakati paMbudzi Díaz naEscobedo vakatarisana muhondo, pakutanga kweEscobedo iyi pamwe nemauto ake vaikunda. Asi Manuel González, pamwe chete neuto rake, vakabvumira mauto ehurumende kuti akundwe.
Maererano nenyaya, pakupera kwehondo iyi, Porfirio Díaz anosvika kuna González, uyo akakuvadzwa uye anomutumidza zita rekuti El Manco de Tecoac. Pamusoro peizvi, anomutenda, sezvo Díaz anoziva kuti pasina rubatsiro rwake kukunda kwaisazoitika. Zvakare achivimbisa kuti kana González atora simba aizogadzwa seGurukota reHondo.
kuguma kwehondo yevagari vemo
Pakupera kwehondo yevagari vemo, Porfirio Díaz, pamwe neboka revarwi, vanokwanisa kusvika kuguta guru reMexico. Pakazosvika Mbudzi 21, Díaz anova mutungamiri wenguva.
Pashure peizvi José María Iglesias, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga achiita sapurezidhendi weDare Repamusorosoro reRuramisiro, anoratidza kuti maererano nebumbiro remitemo anofanira kutora chigaro. Izvi zvakaunza sangano reDecembrist. Nokudaro, mumabhokisi ekuvhota, maiva nemapoka matatu aida kuwana simba remutungamiri wenyika, aiva Decembrists, Lerdistas uye Porfiristas.
Zvichiri kuitika izvi, maDecembrists vanosarudza kuungana muGuanajuato. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti uyo aitungamirira mauto ebato aive Felipe Berriozábal.
Izvi zvinoita kuti Díaz asiye Juan N. Méndez ari mutungamiri wenguva pfupi. Saka pakati paDecember Diaz pamwe nemamwe mauto vakasiya guta guru, vakananga kuGuanajuato. Apa ndipo paanokwanisa kuwana kukunda kurwisa Decembrist mauto muna Kurume 1877.
Nekudaro, zvibvumirano zvinoitwa naJusto Benítez naIglesias, izvo zvinotungamira Benítez kuti aone Porfirio Díaz semutungamiri. Saka mukutsinhana netsigiro yake, Díaz anomupa hutongi hweMichoacán, nyika iyo chimiro chakaberekerwa.
Zvese zviito zvakaitwa naBenítez naGonzález zvakashanda serutsigiro kuti Díaz akunde mubhokisi rekuvhota, zvichiita kuti Porfirio Díaz ave mutungamiri wenyika yeMexico ari pamutemo muna Chivabvu 1877.
The Porfiriato
Muna 1877 Porfirio Díaz akaziviswa neCongress semutungamiri weMexico Republic, pasi pebumbiro remitemo. Temu yekutanga yaDíaz yemutungamiri wenyika yakapera muna 1880. Akamira akatanhamara pakuva nezvinhu zvine chekuita nemafungiro aakanga ataura achiri mumapoka echimurenga.
Akakurudzira kuvandudzwa kwebumbiro remitemo. Zvakare, pakupera kwechikamu chemutungamiri wenyika, anopa nzvimbo yake kuna Manuel González, akashanda semutungamiri kubva 1880 kusvika 1884.
Munguva yemutungamiri wenyika yaGonzález, Díaz akatanga seGurukota reBudiriro uye mushure mezvo akashanda segavhuna wedunhu rake reOaxaca. Kana nguva yaGonzález yapera, Díaz afunga zvakare kuve chikamu chevamiriri vesarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pari zvino, maererano nebumbiro remitemo, aimbove mutungamiri wenyika anogona kukwikwidza zvakare, chero bedzi zvisina kutevedzana.
Tichifunga zvese izvi, Díaz anokwanisa kusarudzwa zvakare uye anotora chigaro zvakare muna Zvita 1. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti mushure memakore matatu ehurumende iyi, anokurudzira kugadziriswa kunobvumirwa neCongress, apo kusarudzwa kwake zvakare kunobvumirwa. Izvi zvakaita kuti Porfirio Díaz arambe ari musimba kusvikira 1911.
Kuderedzwa kwemasangano ezvematongerwo enyika akasununguka
Kusarudzwazve kusingagumi kwakatenderwa neCongress kwakagadzirwa mushure mekuita kwakamboitwa naPorfirio Díaz. Iko kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedza simba remasangano ezvematongerwo enyika ehurukuro yakasununguka. Naizvozvo, democracy yenhema inotanga kugadzwa mukati menzvimbo yeMexico.
Paakaramba ari mumutungamiri wenyika, Díaz akazvipira kubvisa simba remhandu dzake, sezvo aiziva kuti vaigona kumiririra kutyisidzira kwakavimbika mubasa rake.
Kune rumwe rutivi, Díaz anosarudza kuchengetedza pepanhau, izvo zvinoita kuti dzisave nerusununguko rwainofanira kuita munyika ine demokrasi. Zvakare, nekuda kwezviito zvake, zvinogona kuvimbiswa kuti kubvira 1890 Porfirio Díaz akatungamira nyika kunze kwebumbiro.
Mukuwedzera kune izvi, akawana kutumirwa kweCongress, iyo yaakabvumirwa kugadzirisa mitemo pasina dambudziko. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaita kuti murume uyu azvipe masimba asina kufanira uye asina kururama nemutungamiri wenyika.
rugare runovimbisa
Vagari veMexico vakanga vaneta nehondo dzenguva dzose. Ndicho chikonzero nei Díaz anovimbisa vanhu vake kuti pakupedzisira vagadzirise runyararo munyika yose.
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakakosha kutaura kuti Mexico panguva iyoyo yakanga isina mari yakakwana yekubhadhara zvikwereti zvose zvinoenderana nenguva. Ndosaka matekiniki achifanirwa kuitwa kuunza mari yekunze pamwe navo. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti hapana munhu aizoenderera mberi nekudyara mundima kana isina kugadzikana kwehupfumi uyezve rugare rwemagariro.
Mushure memamiriro ezvinhu, Porfirio Díaz anosarudza kuchengetedza mutemo wakaoma, apo anobvisa mamwe maonero akasiyana neake, achidana ichi chiito kuvandudzwa kwebasa rehurumende. Kwenguva iyoyo yehurumende yake Porfirio Diaz motto yakanga iri "Matongerwe enyika maduku uye kutonga kwakawanda".
Zvisinei, rugare rwakapikirwa nomutongi haruna kuzadzika. Sezvo Díaz afunga kuchengetedza kurongeka kwevanhu kuburikidza nechisimba, achiraira mapurisa nemasoja kuti amise masangano anopikisa anogona kuunza kutyisidzira kurudzi rwake rwehurumende.
Pasinei nemasimba ehurumende yake, mamiriro ehupfumi akanga achiwana kugadzikana. Izvo zvakare zvakabvumira kudiwa kwakanyanya kwebasa kupfuura munguva dzakapfuura.
budiriro inosarudzwa
Sezvo makore akapfuura, hurumende yePorfirio Díaz yakaratidza kuti kubudirira kwayaipa kwaisarudza chose chose. Izvi zvakakonzera kuti zvishoma nezvishoma, kusagutsikana kwevarombo kwaiwedzera. Uyewo, vanhu vokuMexico vakatanga kunzwisisa kuti Porfirio Díaz akanga atova muhofisi kwenguva yakareba.
Zviitiko izvi zvakaita kuti Díaz arasikirwe zvishoma nezvishoma nekutonga kwevanhu uye zvematongerwo enyika kwaakachengeta. Saka anoenderera mberi nekutanga nemadanidziro ehudzvanyiriri kuburikidza nemauto.
Pakati pezviito zvaipesana nehurumende yake zvakabatwa nehutsinye hwakanyanya kwaive kurova kweCananea kwakaitwa muna 1906, kuramwa kweSonora uye kuramwa kweRío Blanco kwakaitwa muna 1907.
Kune rumwe rutivi, mumatunhu akaita seVeracruz, nhengo dzevatori venhau dzakasarudza kutaura maonero asina kunaka pamusoro pemhando yehurumende yaPorfirio Díaz dzakatambudzwa uye dzakarangwa.
kubudirira uye kusaruramisira
Zvisinei nemamiriro ezvinhu ekudzvinyirirwa, nguva yemutungamiri wenyika yePorfirio Díaz yakamirawo pachena nekuda kwekuva nemabasa makuru ane chekuita nezviteshi zvaiumba dunhu renyika. Ukuwo, makiromita 20.000 akatsaurirwa kunjanji akanyatsogadzirwa. Zvakare, mitsetse iyi yakatsaurirwa kusvika kune zviteshi zvine mukurumbira.
Nenzira imwe cheteyo, migwagwa yaiiswa nyore nyore kumuganhu nenyika yakavakidzana nayo, United States, sezvo kufamba kwezvokutengeserana nayo kwaigona kuitwa nyore nyore neiyi nzira, nokudaro kuderedza mari yokufambisa chigadzirwa.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, shanduko dzinofambira mberi dzenjanji dzakabvumira kuti zvigadzirwa zveMexico zvitumirwe kunze kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe mukati menzvimbo imwe chete zviri nyore. Ukuwo, dzaishandiswawo senzira yokungwarira yezvematongerwo enyika.
Saizvozvowo, nzira dzekukurukurirana dzakadai setsamba neteregirafu dzakapararira muvhu rinenge rose reMexico. Saizvozvowo, nekuda kwekufambira mberi kwehupfumi, mabhanga matsva akagadzirwa, izvo zvakabvumira kuti zvikwereti zveMexico zvibhadharwe zvishoma nezvishoma.
Mabasa akatangwa zvakare aizobvumira kushandiswa kwemafuta munharaunda, iyo yakaunza nhamba huru yevatengesi vekunze. Kukurudzira zvakare kuti zviwanikwa zvehupfumi uye tekinoroji munyika zvakabatwa zvakanaka munharaunda.
Kune rumwe rutivi, inotanga zvakare nemabasa emigodhi, chiito chakabvumira Mexico kuti ive yechipiri yakakura mugadziri wemhangura munyika yose muna 1901.
Panguva imwecheteyo, nguva yehurumende yeDiaz yakatanga nekukwira kwemakambani emachira. Kuvandudza nemazvo nerutsigiro rweFrench neSpanish. Makambani akanyanya kukosha emhando iyi munyika aive muPuebla neVeracruz.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, zvipfuyo nekusimudzira zvekurima zvakabudirira zvakanyanya munguva yehurumende yaDíaz. Mamiriro akanyanya kunaka mukati mezviitiko izvi yaive Yucatán, kunyanya muMorales uye zvakare La Laguna. Kugadzirwa kwenzimbe nedonje kwakave kwakakosha mukusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika.
Kukura kwehupfumi uye maitiro asina kunaka
Mukufamba kwehurumende yePorfirio Díaz, Mexico inokwanisa kuve nekukura kwakanaka kwehupfumi. Huwandu hwevanhu vanga vasati vambopinda mubudiriro iyi, saka vazhinji vaigona kuwana zvikwereti pasina dambudziko rakawanda uye kutodyara mari mumabhizinesi makuru kana zvivakwa.
Ndicho chikonzero nei vazhinji vakazvarwa uye vakabatsira vatorwa mukati menharaunda yenyika. Zvaikwanisika zvakare kubhadhara chikwereti chekunze chaive nacho. Nekudaro, vanamuzvinabhizinesi vekuUS vanokwanisa kutora zvicheneso zvakatsaurirwa kuoiri, zvichikonzera kutonga kwechisikigo ichi munyika. Nenzira imwecheteyo, mari yekuAmerica yakapindira zvakanyanya mukusimudzira njanji.
Zvisinei, kusaenzana kwaivapo pakati pevapfumi zvikuru nevarombo zvikuru kwaigona kuonekwa zviri nyore, izvo zvakaita kuti zororo guru rigadzirwe munzanga yeMexico.
Nekune rimwe divi, nekuda kwekudyara, nzvimbo dzevarimi vekwakabva dzakatanga kubvutwa. Mamiriro ezvinhu akabudisa kurasikirwa kwechimwe chikamu chenhoroondo yenyika. Izvo zvakazoita kuti vazhinji vatange kushanda sevashandi mukati mevaridzi vatsva veminda.
Kubudirira kwekudzidzisa
Nepo Porfirio Díaz akaramba ari musimba, zvirongwa zvezvimiro zvakatsvakwa izvo zvaizobvumira budiriro yakanaka mudzidzo, ichitarisa zvakanyanya kumaguta kupfuura kumaruwa.
Zviito izvi zvakaunza huwandu hukuru hwehuwandu hwakaenderera mberi nekudzidziswa mukati menzvimbo yeMexico. Chii chakaunza budiriro yenguva dzose uye kuwedzera kukura kwepakati kirasi yevashandi.
Naizvozvo, kusimukira kwetsika yenyika kunowedzera pamatanho akasiyana, kuchiwedzera nyanzvi dzezvenhau, mitambo yemitambo nemakambani anovandudza zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvinofadza nyika.
Kushanduka kwenjere kwakagadzirwa nenzira yakanaka. Pamusoro peizvi, mavara akaita saJusto Sierra akatanga nenzvimbo dzedzidzo yepamusoro, sezvakaitika kuNational University. Pamwe chete naJosé María Velasco uyo akamira kunze kwekuve muvendi akanaka wekuMexico kana Saturnino Herrán uyo akamirawo semuvengi. Nepo José Guadalupe Posada akagadzira nenzira inoshamisa kurekodha zviono zvakajairwa nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva hweMexico.
Kubva kuPorfiriato kuenda kuMexican Revolution
Muna 1908, Porfirio Díaz anofunga kuita hurukuro naJames Creelman, aishanda semutori wenhau weAmerica. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakaratidzwa kuti Mexico yaizosangana nesarudzo yemahara.
Mashoko aya akaita kuti vagari vakawanda vomundima yacho vanzwe vachifara, sezvo vakanga vava kukwanisa kubatanidzwa mukusimudzira zvematongerwo enyika muMexico. Saka vatungamiri vashoma vaida kukwikwidza chigaro chemutungamiri wenyika vakabva. Nenzira imwecheteyo, zvinyorwa zvakaitwa uye mabhuku akanyorwa achiratidza mamiriro ezvinhu aya.
Pakati pevakakurumbira zvikurusa mukati meaya masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika akanga ari Francisco I. Madero. Uyu hunhu aive azvigadzirira uyezve akafamba kunzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzenyika, sezvo aive nemhuri yakapfuma, muridzi wemakambani nemapurazi.
Madero anosarudza kuwana bato reAnti-reelection, nekudaro achimhanya semumiriri wemutungamiri wenyika. Ipapo akatanga nenhimbe yaibatanidza kufamba muvhu rose reMexico, achitsvaka kutaura kuvagari vavariro dzake dzezvamatongerwe enyika.
Mhando yemafambisirwo ezvematongerwo enyika akaitwa naMadero akange asati aitwa kubva panguva yemutungamiri wenyika iyo Benito Juárez akatora chigaro. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti mushure mekuita kwake uye zvinangwa, Madero akakwanisa kuva nenhamba yakanaka yevateveri.
Ngozi kuhurumende yeDíaz
Zviito zvakatorwa naMadero zvakakonzera kunetseka kukuru kune chikamu chePorfirio Díaz. Sezvo aiziva kuti hurongwa hwematongerwe enyika hwaMadero hwakanga huri kukonzera tariro yekuchinja kune chikamu chevanhu.
Ndicho chikonzero nei Díaz anorayira kusungwa kwake muMonterrey muna 1910, nguva pfupi sarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika dzisati dzaitwa. Madero paakanga ari musungwa, akaudzwa kuti Diaz akanga akunda zvakare sarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti nguva yemunhu uyu mujeri yakanga isiri nguva refu, sezvo bhero yake yakabhadharwa nokukurumidza, zvisinei, anomanikidzwa kugara muguta. Asi akatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu, Madero anosarudza kutiza pakati paOctober kuenda kuUnited States, kwaakatanga neanonzi Plan of San Luis.
Muchiitiko ichi ndipo apo Madero anoenderera mberi nekutaura zvisiri pamutemo zvine chekuita nesarudzo dzekupedzisira dzemutungamiri wenyika dzakaitwa munyika yavo. Kune rimwe divi, Madero anosarudza kuzvizivisa mutungamiri wenguva pfupi, achida kuti sarudzo itsva dziitwe.
Pamusoro peizvi, akazvibatanidza nevatambi vakanga vakadzingwa kubva kuMexico, nechinangwa chekuti pamwe chete naye vaizodzivirira sarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika pasina kuomerwa nehuwori.
Uyewo, anokumbira vanhu kuti vabatane nechikonzero chake. Pakasvika pakati paNovember 1910, pamwe chete neboka revanhu vakanga vasingagutsikani naDíaz, akapfuurira kutanga kumukira hurumende nezvombo.
Diaz Army
Mauto aPorfirio Díaz aitenda kuve akaumbwa panheyo dzakasimba, sezvo vaive vachengeta runyararo kwenguva yakareba. Zvisinei, maonero ake aya akanga asiri echokwadi, nokuti paivawo nokusagutsikana mumapoka ake.
Mumwedzi mitanhatu chete, Madero nevateveri vake vakawana kukunda. Chiratidzo chekutanga chekukunda uku chaigona kuonekwa pavakauya kuzotonga Guta reJuárez. Imo mune iyi nzvimbo umo muna May 1911 chibvumirano chorugare chakaitwa naDíaz nevatsigiri vake.
Zviitiko izvi zvinoita kuti Porfirio Díaz aenderere mberi nekusiya chigaro chake semutungamiri, achisiya Madero achitungamira mushure mesarudzo. Chii chakaita kuti Díaz aende kunotapwa kuFrance, akafa muna 1915.