Vana magamba Ichi chiitiko mukati menhoroondo yenyika yeMexico, yakaitika muHondo yeChapultepec munaGunyana 13, 1847, nekutora chikamu kwevatanhatu veMexico vechidiki cadet. Ziva kuti vana magamba ndivanaani, nyaya yekuverenga.
Vana magamba: nhoroondo
Inotanga nhoroondo yevana magamba neboka revaMexican cadet, iro rinotaura nyaya yekuti vakafa vachidzivirira kukosha kwavo kwenyika panguva yeHondo yeChapultepec, chiitiko chakaitika munaGunyana 13, 1847 musango reChapultepec kana Chapultepec, paki yemudhorobha iri muhoro yeguta reMiguel Hidalgo. , muMexico City munguva yeHondo yeMexico neAmerica. Isu tinokukurudzira kuti uzive nhoroondo yehunhu hweMexico Pancho Villa
Mugore 1852, anoudza nhoroondo yenyika, panguva yePorfiriato, nguva yenhoroondo inorondedzera nezveMexico mugore ra1947, akachinja zviitiko mumatanho akati wandei nechinangwa chekuda nyika kuti zvioneke, nekuti zvakawanda zvezvaive. kuudzwa kwakaitwa muchimiro chengano isingakanganwiki. Saka, kutanga muchikamu chechipiri chezana ramakore rechi 6, zita rekuti Ninos Magamba rakapihwa XNUMX cadet yeMexican Army.
Dingindira repakati rechiitiko chegamba, sezvakaratidzwa nenhoroondo, rinoumbwa nekuita kweaya macadet matanhatu, pamwe nekutora chikamu kwemamwe makumi mana emakumi mana, akange agamuchira mirairo kubva kuna Nicolás Bravo, kuti abve muCastle yeChapultepec, iyo pa nguva yechiitiko yaive muzinda weMilitary College nenzvimbo dzayo.
Asi, vakomana vakazvifuratira, uye vakasarudza kugara vakarinda nzvimbo yacho nekucherechedza kufambira mberi uye kuva pedyo kwenhengo dzeUnited States Army.
Kune ngano dzakawanda dzakatenderedza chiitiko ichi uye dzakaunzwa kufungidziro yenzanga, dzichidzichengetedza sezviitiko zvechokwadi, kunyangwe isina hwaro hwenhoroondo. Zvisinei, kubatanidzwa kwe6 cadet muchiitiko chezvombo kunorondedzerwa, iyo sezviri pachena inonakidzwa nechokwadi chakazara, nyaya yekadheti Melgar, Montes de Oca naSuárez.
Saizvozvovo, mukati menhoroondo imwe cheteyo yechigamba, uye nekufamba kwenguva uye nekufamba kwemakore, tsinhiro dzenhema dzakawedzerwa, sezvinogona kuonekwa munyaya yacho, kuti macadet aya ndiwo akafa pakupedzisira munguva yehondo, uyewo. chokwadi chekusava nepfuti, vakauraya varwi veUnited States vanopikisa nebhayonets yakagadziriswa, uye zvichida ndiyo inonyanya tsika muMexico.
Mushure meMontes de Oca, naJuan Escutia, vachizviona varasika, anozvikanda mukadzika akaputirwa mumureza weMexico, kuti adzivirire kubva kuAmerica achiitora, achifira pamatombo pamahombekombe egomo reChapultepec.
Hondo yeMexico yakatsunga muna 1947 kuita ongororo dzakatevedzana dzisingatsigirwe nemagwaro epamutemo uye nyanzvi dzesainzi. Vanoti vakawana uye vakaziva huwandu hwematehenya manomwe evanhu, munzvimbo inozivikanwa seAhuehuetes de Miramón, vachivimbisa kuti ndevemacadet, ayo akatorwa akaiswa kuti abhadhare mitero yepamutemo paAtari kuNyika yekwaBaba. Inoreva chiyeuchidzo pamahombekombe eCastle, padyo naColonel Felipe Santiago Xicoténcatl.
Nekudaro, hapana humbowo hwesainzi hunotsigira kuti aya ndiwo masara emakadhiti matanhatu.
Nyanzvi uye nyanzvi yezvidzidzo kubva kuMichoacán anonzi José Bravo Ugarte, anoratidza mundima inotaura nezve Hondo yekurwisa Mexico yeUnited States, mubhuku rake History of Mexico, kuti mushure memwedzi gumi nematanhatu yekuzivisa hondo neMexico, iri muna Chivabvu. 16, 13, mauto eUS Army akaenda kuguta guru reMexico.
Saizvozvowo, inowedzera kuti mushure mekubvunzurudzwa nevakuru vekumaodzanyemba kweMexico, General Winfield Scott akagadza, munzvimbo yake semukuru weuto raipinda nechisimba, kuti aite kurwiswa kweMexico City neChapultepec, munaGunyana 11 wegore 1847. kubhomba kukuru.
Kuvanda kweguta reChapultepec kwakachengetwa pasi pekutarisirwa kwemazana maviri emacadet kubva kuMilitary College, vanogamuchira mirayiridzo kubva kuGenerals Nicolás Bravo naMariano Escobedo; Saizvozvo, mazana matanhatu nemakumi matatu nemaviri emauto eSan Blas Battalion akatora chikamu, pasi pemirairo yaColonel Santiago Xicoténcatl.
SEGOB, seMunyori weInterior of the Mexican Republic anozivikanwa, anoyeuka kuti kuti asimbise boka iri diki, General Antonio López de Santa Anna vakatumira varume zviuru zviviri nemazana mana nemakumi mashanu mujinga megomo, asi Kuvapo kwevapambi kwakapfuura chitsama chevarwi zviuru zvinomwe.
Saizvozvowo, vanoratidza kuti mushure mekuparadza battalion, mauto eUS Army akadzokera kuchikomo ndokupinda muCastle, uko ruzhinji rwevaMexico cadet pakati pemakore gumi nemashanu negumi nemasere vakarwa pasina tsitsi kusvika vauraiwa.
Background
Nekuda kwekudiwa kuti upinde muUnited States Federation yedunhu reTexas, uye nekukumbirwa kwevatorwa zvisiri pamutemo veAnglo-Saxon nevakatamira kune dzimwe nyika, nekuda kwekuparadzaniswa kubva kuCentralist Mexican Republic mukati megore 1837, uye nechikonzero zvinoda kupatsanurwa kwenyika yeCoahuila, uye kuzvimisa senyika inodyidzana.
Zvakare nekugadzwazve kweMexican Federal Constitution yegore 1824, uye kuti panguva iyoyo yakanga yaziviswa seRepublic of Texas, ipapo, hurumende yeMexico yakaputsa hukama hwekudyidzana neUnited States, kana yangopinda muAmerica. Federation.
Kubva pane izvi, hurumende yeUnited States inotumira mauto ehondo kuti abatsire dunhu reRio Bravo, kusimbisa muridzi wechikamu chenzvimbo yanga ine gakava pakati penyika yeTexas nehurumende iripo. zviremera zvakangoziva Rwizi rweNueces, ruri kuchamhembe, semuganhu.
Mauto eUto reUS akaumba nhamba huru yenhare munzvimbo yese, izvo zvakakonzera kusangana kwakawanda nemauto anotenderera kubva kuHondo yeKuchamhembe kweMexican National Army.
Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo hurumende yeUnited States yakaita zvakare zvido zvayo kuhurumende yeMexico nechinangwa chekubvumirana pamusoro pekutengeswa kweminda iri kuchamhembe kweMexico. Asi, kana pasina chibvumirano, asi kuramba kwake, zvinopa nzira kune akati wandei ehurumende uye ega ega hurongwa hwekutorwa kweSan Francisco mugore ra1845.
Kune izvi kunowedzerwa kutama kwakarambidzwa kwevanhu vazhinji veChechi yeMormon vanoshingaira kuenda kuSalt Lake, iyo yaienderana nenzvimbo dzeMexico dzeNew Mexico muna 1846, uye yaizove nharaunda yeUtah.
Yakaratidza hondo nehurumende yeUnited States, musi waChikunguru 25, 9, uye mushure mekukombwa kweTexas Fortress, iri kuchamhembe kweRío Bravo, uye nekubatanidzwa kweMexico, muna Chivabvu 1846, 23. uto renguva dzose reUnited States rakatanga kumatunhu ekuchamhembe, richitsigira kumukira kwakaitwa nevabvakure zvisiri pamutemo veAnglo-Saxon, avo vakashanda mumataundi akasiyana eMexico muCalifornia neNew Mexico.
Akashinga kuzivisa nyika dzakasununguka marepublic nekuda kwekuwedzera kwavo kuUnited States.
Nekuda kwehuwandu hudiki uye pasina kugadzirira kwemauto eMexico, kupindira uku kwakabudirira, zvisinei, kuti vasimbise kutora nyika, vaifanira kutanga nekupinda mumaguta eMonterrey, uye Mexico City kudzivirira masimba asina kukwana. kubva kumusoro.
Ndipo apo Mauto eUnited States, achitora nguva, uye achitungamirwa naWinfield Scott, votora chiteshi chengarava cheVeracruz, voenderera mberi nenzira yavanodaidza kuti Route yeCortés.
Nekuda kwekupindura, Hondo yeNyika yakasimbisa Dombo reMabhati, zvose nokuti panguva iyoyo mukova waibva kumabvazuva kweguta pakati pemadziva eTexcoco neXochimilco. Nekudaro, mauto eUS anotora nzira refu kwazvo, yakatenderedza Sierra de Santa Catarina kumaodzanyemba, nharaunda iyo Hondo yeChurubusco uye Hondo yePadierna yaizoitika.
Hondo yeChapultepec
Munguva idzodzo, Mexico City yakasimbiswa nemigero yakawanda uye magedhi aishanda setsika muguta racho. Musuwo wakakwana waive nemuChapultepec nekuti nyika dzemwaka uyu dzaive dzakaoma, zvakapesana nekuchamhembe, kumabvazuva nekumaodzanyemba uko kwaive kuchine madziva nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinotsvedza.
Nekuda kwechiitiko ichi chechisikigo, hurumende yakatora danho rekusimbisa gomo reChapultepec, iro panguva iyoyo raigona kushandiswa kuchengetedza pfuti, kuwedzera kune Military College, nepo fekitori yepfuti iri muSanta Fe yakadzingwa kudzivirira kutanga. Zvisinei, yakazoparadzwa nemauto eUnited States.
Tichifunga kuti zvivakwa zveKoreji zvakashanda sedzimbahwe, panguva iyoyo Colonel Nicolás Bravo akaraira macadet kuti abve panzvimbo iyi, aiumbwa nemapoka akasiyana evechidiki vane makore ari pakati pe12 ne19.
Vazhinji veavo vaive panzvimbo iyi vakatevedzera zvainge zvarairwa, vamwe vakabviswa nemhuri dzavo, ndokusara nemakadhiti makumi mana nematanhatu nechinangwa chekuchengetedza kambasi yevadzidzi. Zvakanaka kuratidza kuti boka iri rema cadet rakabatanidzwa nemamwe ma cadet akanga achangopedza kudzidza, asina kuwana mubairo kubva kuNational Army; uyewo dzimwe nhengo 46 dzehutungamiri dzinosanganisira mutungamiriri wechikoro, vadzidzisi, varairidzi uye kunyange munhu anotarisira musasa wemauto.
Mumwedzi waGunyana wegore ra1847, mapoka mazhinji eHondo yeKumaodzanyemba akanga asiya nharaunda, achiteerera mirairo yakagamuchirwa kubva kuna Antonio López de Santa Anna, akapotera pedyo nesango nechikomo cheChapultepec.
Zvadaro, Mauto eUnited States akatora mukana wacho kutora muzinda waimbova Archbishop uri muTacubaya senzvimbo yemauto ekushanda, achiita hurongwa hwemauto kurwisana nenhengo dzeSan Patricio Battalion.
Vakasvika munaGunyana 11, vakafambira mberi ndokutora mutyairi, aive zuva rakavanda musango, nekuda kwe12 vakasarudza kubhomba Castle of Chapultepec nedzimwe nzvimbo, asi musi waGunyana 13, mauto eUS akatora nekupinda munhare. kubva kumaodzanyemba kusvika kunovanda zuva pachikomo, chavakanga vatora nokuchenjera masikati, vachifambira mberi kuenda kuGarita de Belén.
Munzvimbo iyi vakasungwa nemauto euto reMexico, avo vakaunganidzwa muLa Ciudadela, kuti vanyore uye vadzivirire guta racho, zvisinei, usiku vakagamuchira mirayiridzo kubva kuSanta Anna kuti vasiye nharaunda, uyo akanga asiri kubatanidzwa mumakwikwi.
Asi, pakupedzisira, mauto eUS anotora kutonga kweChapultepec castle, achirovera pasi mureza wenyika yeMexico wechikoro.
Musi waGunyana 15, apo guta rose reMexico rakatorwa murunyararo, mauto eUS Army akazvipira kuunganidza vese vakakuvara vaive munzvimbo yehondo. Vanounganidza zvitunha zvese, uye vanobvumirana kuti vagari vekuMexico nevasungwa vehondo vakashandisa migero semakuva makuru, sezvo vazhinji vevarwi vakaparadzaniswa nenyika dzavo dzepakutanga.
Ipo United States ichiviga mushakabvu wayo munharaunda iri kumakona eCircuito Interior neCalzada de Tacuba, ichiziviswa sechiyeuchidzo nehurumende yeUS, uye parizvino iri chikamu chemumiriri weUnited States. .
Zita revakakuvadzwa cadet, mapurisa nevasungwa
Rondedzero ine mazita evana magamba Iri mune isingakanganwike monument iri pazasi peChapultepec chikomo. Unogona kuona mazita akasiyana kutanga ne:
Vasungwa ve1st Company
Muchikamu chino, ine mazita anotevera uye mauto ehondo: Captain Domingo Alvarado; Lieutenants: José Espinosa, Agustín de la Peza; Corporal José T. de Cuellar; Drum Simon Álvarez; Cadets: Francisco Molina, Mariano Covarrubias, Bartolomé Díaz León, Ignacio Molina, Antonio Sierra, Justino García, Lorenzo Pérez Castro, Agustín Camarena, Ignacio Ortiz, Manuel Ramírez Arellano, Carlos Bejarano, Isidro Hernágo Zanago Zagnas, Santiago Hernández, Santiago Hernández, San Francisco naRamón Rodríguez Arangoiti.
Vasungwa ve2st Company
Muchikamu chino munowanikwa mazita nezvinzvimbo zvemauto zve: Lieutenant Joaquín Argaez; 2nd Sajeni Teofilo Noris; Cornet: Antonio Rodríguez; Vadzidzi vechikoro: Joaquín Moreno, Pablo Banuet, Ignacio Valle, Francisco Leso, Antonio Sola, Sebastián Trejo, Luis Delgado, Ruperto Pérez de León, Cástulo García, Feliciano Contreras, Francisco Morelos, Miguel Miramón, Gabino Montesdedca, Adolfo Becerra, Luciano Manuel Díaz, Francisco Morel, Vicente Herrera, Onofre Capelo, Magdaleno Yta naEmilio Laurent.
Vasungwa veVashandi
Muchirongwa ichi, mazita nezvinzvimbo zve: General. VaK. Mutungamiriri weChikoro cheMariano Montede; Mutungamiriri Purofesa: Francisco Jiménez; Lieutenants: Manuel Alemán, Agustín Díaz, Luis Díaz, Fernando Poucel; Second Lieutenant: Ignacio de la Peza, Amado Camacho, Luis G. Banuet, Miguel Pouncel; uye Grocer Eusebio Llantadas
Vakuvadzwa
Mazita evadzidzi cadet akanyorwa: Andrés Mellado, Hilario Péres de León naAgustín Romero, uye Alejandro Algándar.
Rondedzero yevakafa cadet
Chinyorwa ichi chinoumbwa nemazita anotevera: Agustín Melgar, Fernando Montes de Oca, Francisco Márquez, Juan Escutia naVicente Suárez. Pasinei nokuti kwaingova ne5 chete cadet vakafa, kuwedzera kune vamwe vakakuvadzwa uye vasungwa, 6 chete ndivo vakazivikanwa, nokuti Lieutenant Juan de la Barrera panguva yehondo akanga achangopedza kudzidza uye akanga asina basa muNational Army.
Kuumbwa kwengano
Vana magamba eChapultepec Vapa zvakawanda zvokutaura nezvazvo. Vanoti nyaya iyi ingano, nekuti kune vazhinji vevanhu vekuMexico, vanofunga kuti zvakaoma kuti boka revadiki vechidiki vari pakati pemakore 13 ne18 varwise varwi veUS Army, chikonzero chinoburitsa. yakanaka Zvakawanda ngano nezvazvo.
Nyanzvi yezvakaitika kare Sergio Miranda, anofumura kuti shanduro dzakaitwa kuti dzivake pfungwa yekuda nyika kune veMexico, vachishandisa magamba evana sechinhu chehurumende nechinangwa chekubatanidza simba rezviremera. Izvi zvinosimbisa kuti ngano inotsanangurwa maererano nerudo uye idealization yenhamba, ichokwadi, kuti ivo vakamira muCastle yeChapultepec, pane kuisiya, vachiwana zita remagamba evana.
Zvichakadaro, ngano iyi inoramba ichikura munguva yehurumende yeMutungamiri Miguel Alemán, avo vakasimbisa nyaya nekuburitsa pachena kuti vakawana matehenya matanhatu pamateru egomo reChapultepec, vachitaura kuti vaive veVana Magamba.
Kuenderera mberi nemusoro wengano yeVana Magamba, kwemakumi maviri emakore akatevera ivo havana kunyatsojeka nedingindira rema cadets nekuita kwavo. Nekudaro, kwegore 1847 mumagwaro ehondo valence yaMelgar, Montes de Oca naSuárez inooneka. Kwegore ra1848, mubhuku rekunyora Zvinyorwa zvehondo pakati peMexico neUnited States, rakanyorwa naRamón Alcaráz, anotaura kuti "vamwe vadzidzi" veMilitary College vakadzivirira mureza weMexico.
Kwegore ra1852, uyo akashanda semutungamiriri weMariano Monterde Military School, anorangarira kekutanga macadet akafa muhondo achiri vana.
Kwegore 1878, boka rakanaka revakadhi rakapona pachiitiko chegore iroro 1857 rakagadzira iyo inozivikanwa kwazvo Association of Military College, iyo yakavambwa mugore re1871, iyo yakatanga pamberi pehurumende yevakuru vemauto Porfirio Díaz naManuel González. , chiyeuchidzo chekusafa vakafa, vakakuvara uye vasungwa cadets yehondo yeChapultepec.
Chikumbiro ichi chakaitwa mumakore 1880 na1881, uyewo kuvakwa kwechiyeuchidzo muchimiro cheobelisk mugore ra1884, tichitungamirirwa nomugadziri wemapurani Ramón Rodríguez Arangoity, aimbova mudzidzi wechikoro chacho muna 1847. .Chiyeuchidzo chataurwa chakavakwa pachikomo chine simba chiri kumaodzanyemba kwegedhi guru rechikoro, uye panyika yemigero yaishanda semakuva evanhu vakawanda kuti vavige varwi veMexico vakashinga.
Vana Magamba Ongororo
Zvichikurudzirwa nezvinyorwa zvakasiyana uye nhoroondo dzenhoroondo, mavara anotevera akaunganidzwazve, anoti:
Kadheti Francisco Marquez Paniagua.
Fernando Montes de Oca, uyo akanga ane makore 18 okukura pakaitika chiitiko chacho, akafira mufuremu yesuo raakanga achidzivirira, achidonha apo murwi weUnited States akakwanisa kupfuura nepahwindo ndokumuuraya zvine utsinye ari shure kwake.
Kadheti Francisco Márquez, aiva nemakore 12, akafira munhare yacho apo boka remasoja rakauya kwaari, richimutyisidzira kuti aizokanda mapfumo pasi, asi akapfura mumwe wavo, akadonha akafa, uye gare gare akaurayiwa nokuda kwepfuti dzevamwe vaimupikisa. .
Corps of Engineers Lieutenant Juan de la Barrera aiva nemakore 19 panguva yekufa kwake. Akafa achidzivirira nhare yekunze, iri kumaodzanyemba kwechikomo, uko mitumbi mitanhatu isina upenyu yakazowanikwa gare gare, iyo yakazivikanwa seVana Magamba.
Juan Escutia aiva nemakore 20 panguva yerufu rwake. Sekureva kwenyanzvi yemunyori wenhoroondo José Manuel Villalpando, uyu sezviri pachena akange asiri cadet, sezvakaratidzwa neongororo ichangobva kuitika kuti aive musoja weSan Blas battalion. Zita rake rakazara raienderana naJuan Bautista Pascacio Escutia Martínez. Akafira mujinga megomo, uyo akaita semupfuri pamusoro pedombo, achirohwa nebara ndokuwira akakuvara, akasiiwa padombo, iro rakaiswa dombo mukukudzwa kwake muna 1970.
Cadet Vicente Suárez, uyo aiva nemakore gumi nemana panguva yekufa kwake. Akafira munzvimbo yake yevarindi, pamasitepisi ekuremekedza achirwa nebayonet achipesana nemasoja euto reAmerica.
Kadheti akabatanidzwa Agustín Melgar, uyo akanga ane makore 18 okukura panguva yerufu rwake. Akashaya zuva rakatevera. Akanga agadzirira nemamatiresi mukamuri rake kuchikoro, akaisa bayonet yake papfuti yake ndokupinda muhondo.
Ngano dzeChild Heroes
Ngano yakawedzerwa zvikuru ndiyo inotaura nezvevana, nemhaka yokuti chikamu chikuru chezviri kurongwa iye zvino sokuyaruka uye kukura nguva isati yakwana, uyewo nokuda kwenguva idzodzo kwakanga kusingarangarirwi kuti pazera ramakore 15. , vana varume vanoroora voumba mhuri yavo vamene.
Dzimwe ngano dzinotangwa mukuzviuraya kwecadet Juan de la Barrera kana Juan Escutia, maererano nezvinyorwa zvakabvunzwa. Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa, nokuti Juan Escutia, anozviputira mumureza wenyika, uyo akazunguza kubva pamusoro peMilitary College, uye anozviuraya kudzivirira mureza weMexico kuti usabatwe mumaoko evarwi veAmerica.
Mureza wenyika, uri mucherechedzo wekuda nyika wenhoroondo yeMexico, chokwadi mureza wakatorwa nevanhu vekuAmerica, wavakaona semukombe wehondo kuWest Point Military Academy, wakadzoserwa kuvanhu veMexico muna 1952, muzviito zvekugadzwa. yeAltar of the Fatherland, pamwe nemimwe mireza yenyika yeMexico, yakatorwa muhondo yegore ra1847.
Zvisinei, iyo ine simbiso huru uye inoramba ichikosha ndiyo yaipfekwa zuva iroro chairo.
Zvisinei, panguva yeHondo yeChigayo chaMambo, yakaurayiwa musi waSeptember 8, mukuru wezvombo zvepfuti anonzi Margarito Zuazo, zvinosuruvarisa akawira akakuvadzwa nezviito zvevarwi veUnited States uye akaendeswa kune danga, kwaakawana pasi pemamwe mapasuru makuru, kuti mureza. yehondo yake yakavanzwa, yaaisada kutorwa nemaAmerica.
Akaitora pabango rayo ndokuikoira ndokuiisa mubhachi rake, akachengetwa kusvika aendeswa kumba kuti anorapa maronda ake.
Munguva yerwendo, akasangana nemukuru wake achipa mureza, wakaratidzwa mumba meDivision Chief Luis Salcedo. Mukuru wemauto akafa mazuva mashoma asvika nekuda kwemaronda mahombe.
Maererano nengano, nyaya yekuzviuraya yakabuda mumhemberero yekurangarira kwegore ra1878, apo Manuel Raz Guzmán anoifumura munhetembo ine mbiri mukudetemba kweHondo yeMolino del Rey, yaakataura nenhetembo saAgustín Melgar, uye kwete. saJuan Escutia kana Juan de la Barrera.
... asi iwe, Melgar ... wakakomberedzwa nevavengi, unopfura chombo chako kwavari, uye usina tariro, pane kukanda mapfumo pasi, unozviputira mumureza wenyika uye unopa chipfuva chako chehudiki kune mabara emupambi…
Hazvina kumbotaurwa kuti zvakatangwa, ndoda kuti zvichaitwa zvakaputirwa mumureza wenyika. Yakanga iri nzira yekuratidza kuti akanga achidziya uye achidziya kune nyika, iyo yakagamuchirwa zvakajeka nevanhu uye yakapararira kusvikira yaita sekuti chiitiko chacho chaive chechokwadi, kunyanya mubasa raJosé Peón y Contreras.
Sezvatinogona kuona, muichi chimedu chengano, mune vakawanda vakarukwa muichi chiitiko chenhau. Somuenzaniso, vanotaura kuti vakanga vasipo, kuti vakanga vari vadzidzi vakarangwa, uye kuti Mauto eUnited States akavabata pavakanga vakadhakwa, kuti Juan Escutia haana kuzvikanda kuti adzivirire mureza wenyika, pane kudaro, akagumburwa. . Asi kune avo vanochengeta pfungwa yekuti chete macadet matanhatu akadzivirira Castle.
Ngano inotaura nezve Hondo yeChapultepec, mukati mekupokana kweAmerican Mexican War, iyo yairatidza basa rekutungamira revana vatanhatu veMexico vakapa hupenyu hwavo kuchengetedza dunhu renyika.
Nyaya yevana magamba evana, Kufanana nehupenyu hwevana gamba, inodzidziswa muhuduku mumakirasi anodzidziswa kuchikoro, achitsanangura zuva raSeptember 13. Inomiririra mhemberero inorangarira kurwa kweVana Magamba eChapultepec, vachipesana neuto reUS.
Sezvakafumurwa, nhamba ipi neipi yengano dzakagadzirwa pamusoro pemagamba evana. Mupfungwa yekuvaka atari yenyika, vazhinji vakawedzeredza, vamwe vakamonyanisa, asi vashoma chaizvo vakagadzirwa. Mutsara wekuti "magamba evana" wakava mufananidzo wekuda nyika uye kuvimbika kweveruzhinji, wakaputirwa nekureba kwerudo, izvo zvakazoguma nekuvhiringidza chinangwa chekutsiva kwechiitiko chine mbiri kudaro.
Chekupedzisira, zvinogona kuwedzerwa kuti kunyangwe ngano dziripo maererano nenyaya iyi, kuvepo kwavo kwakasimbiswa uye kwakanyatso kunyorwa, varume vegamba vanowanikwa pane yepamutemo runyorwa rwevakaurayiwa veMexican Army, chokwadi, mazhinji emasara eaya macadet. pamwe chete nevamwe vavo vakafa, vakazorora muChikumbaridzo cheMagamba eNyika, mujinga meCastle.
zvinhu zvechirangaridzo
Munhoroondo yeVana Magamba, nhevedzano yezvinhu zvinoonekwa zvinotungamira mukuyeukwa mukati menhoroondo yeMexico izvo zvakabatanidzwa mumabhiri nemari yenyika, zvinoti:
Altar kuNyika yeBaba
Ibwe rakafumurwa munzvimbo yakaitika zviitiko, pamwe nekuwanikwa kwezvakasara zvezvitunha zvemagamba matanhatu muChapultepec mugore ra1947.
Saizvozvo, kune Monument yeVana Magamba, yakaiswa pamusuwo weHeroic Military College yePopotla. Yakavakwa muna 1925 nemugadziri Vicente Mendiola, pamwe chete nekubatanidzwa kwemuvezi Ignacio Asúnsolo.
Iyo Altar kuNyika yeBaba, iyo yakavhiringidzika sechiyeuchidzo cheVana Magamba ari muBosque de Chapultepec.
Mugore ra1947, pamateru erutivi rwekumaodzanyemba kwegomo reChapultepec, guva revanhu vazhinji riri pakawanikwa zvitunha zvitanhatu, zvakazivikanwa zviri pamutemo sezviya zvevatanhatu vakafa mugore ra1847. akabudiswa uye akaiswa mu sarcophagi, munaGunyana 13, 1947.
Gare gare, musi waSeptember 27, 1952, pashure pemhemberero dzevoruzhinji dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai sevarindi vekuremekedza muPlaza de la Constitución, dzaiitwa nemapoka mashanu uye mumwe mukuru wezvikoro zvakasiyana-siyana zvemauto zveAmerica, obelisk yakatsaurirwa, vachitungamirirwa ne mugadziri Enrique Aragón Echegaray, akavakwa mune semicircular chimiro aine makoramu matanhatu uye ari mune yaimbove Paseo del Emperador, parizvino inozivikanwa sePaseo de la Reforma.
Mabhokisi ane zvakasara zvemunhu akaiswa mumakoramu matanhatu, mune imwe niche yakavakwa mune imwe neimwe yemakoramu, pamwe nepakati uye pasi pechifananidzo chikuru zvakasara zveColonel Felipe Santiago Xicoténcatl zvakaiswa.
Icho chiyeuchidzo chakatsaurirwa kune avo vakarwa nekurwisa kwemauto eUS Army mukati memakore 1846 kusvika 1848, kwaunogona kuverenga zvinotevera kunyora:
"KuVadziviriri veNyika yeBaba 1846-1847"
Nezita repamutemo rekuti "Altar to the Fatherland", inonyanya kuzivikanwa nezita rekuti "Monument kuvana maHeroes”, zvakajairika kuwana zvinyorwa zvepamutemo pamusoro pekushaikwa uku. Kune rumwe rutivi, kune kukakavara kukuru pamusoro pehuchokwadi hwezvakasara zvezvitunha, maererano neakaunti kuti kunyatsozivikanwa kunobva pane zvesayenzi, forensic kana anthropological zvidzidzo hazvina kuitwa.
Shanduro dzepamutemo dzevakuru veMexico dzinoratidza kuti macadet chikamu chenhaka yenhoroondo yakaumbwa nekuita kwavo kweushingi kwerukudzo nekuedza.
5000 peso mari
Pakutanga, nhamba yeVana Magamba, yaivemo mukugadzirwa kwe5000 pesos mabhiri, ayo akapihwa mukati memakore 1981 na1989.
50 peso mari
Mukati memakore a1994 na1995, pakagadzirwa simbi ye50 pesos itsva yeMexico, iyo yakanga ine muzinda wesirivheri, nokuda kwezvairi musimbi yesirivha, yakanga ine kukosha kukuru kudarika sangano rayo repakutanga. Mari yesimbi iyi ye50-peso ine dhizaini yeVana Magamba pane zvakapesana, se: Juan Escutia, Agustín Melgar, Juan de la Barrera, Vicente Suárez, Francisco Márquez naFernando Montes de Oca.
Izvo zvakakoshawo kuita kuti zvizivikanwe kuti muMexico City mune Metro station inonzi "Niños Héroes".
Saizvozvowo, migwagwa yenharaunda yeCondesa, iri padyo neChapultepec castle, ine zita remumwe nemumwe wevafundisi vakafa pachiitiko ichi, pamwe nezvikoro zvakawanda nezvivakwa muMexico yose zvakapihwa zita rekuti "Vana magamba" .
Pakupedzisira, mukuremekedza macadet akafa muHondo yeChapultepec, kubvira 1881, chirangaridzo chakatangwa wega waGunyana 13, sezororo revagari muMexico, kunze kwekuti mazita avo akaiswa mumavara egoridhe mukati meWall. Kukudzwa kweHoro yeSessions yeCongress yeMubatanidzwa.
Shanyira uye Usade muna 1947
Mugore ra1947, mukurangarira kweCentennial kutorwa kweGuta guru renyika, Mexico City, yakabva yagamuchira kushanya kwepamutemo kweaimbova purezidhendi weUnited States panguva iyoyo, Harry S. Truman, waakakudza avo. uyo akawira panguva yeHondo yeChapultepec. Akataura mukutaura kwake kuti akaziva uye akasiyanisa mweya wekuda nyika uye ushingi hweVana Magamba, uye kwaakagadzirisa kusuwa kwake nezviitiko zvakaitika neuto reUS muhondo iyi.
Saizvozvowo, mukutaura kwavo vakasimbisa kuti nyika yakasimba haina kodzero yekuranga imwe nyika isina simba nechisimba chayo. Saizvozvowo, akaisa wreath pazasi pechiyeuchidzo, chiito chakatsamwisa nhengo zhinji dzeuto reMexico pamwe nevanhuwo zvavo vazhinji, izvo zvakakonzera kuti pakati pehusiku, macadet maviri eChikoro cheMasoja akatasva bhiza kuenda kunzvimbo, kubvisa mupiro wemaruva ndokuchikanda pamasuo emumiriri weUnited States.