Francisco Villa, inozivikanwa zviri nani sePancho Villa, yaive chikamu cheRevolution yeMexico. Aive mumwe wevatambi vakuru vakabvumira kukunda kwaMutungamiri Victoriano Huerta kuti kuitwe.
Pancho Villa
Vakawanda vanoshamisikaNdiani aiva Pancho Villa? Sezvo ari hunhu hwakakosha mukukunda kwakarongwa kweChimurenga cheMexico vachipokana neMutungamiri Victoriano Huerta.
Uyu hunhu akazvarwa muSan Juan Río Durango kuMexico, muna Chikumi 5, 1878, saJosé Doroteo Arango Arámbula. Mushure memaitiro ake echimurenga aizivikanwa saFrancisco Villa uye zvakatonyanya nekuda kwePancho Villa yake yehunyengeri.
Pancho Villa akapedza chikamu chehupenyu hwake paRío Grande hacienda, inova La Coyotada, San Juan del Río. Rufu rwake rwakauya mukuhwandira muHidalgo de Parral Chihuahua musi waChikunguru 20, 1923. Ukuwo, akatumidzwa zita rekuti El Centauro del Norte, mushure mekuita zviito zvehugamba apo Chimurenga cheMexico chakayananiswa.
Ane hunhu hwakakosha nekuda kwezviito zvake nekuti anokwanisa kunzi Commander weNorthern Division. Pamusoro peizvi, aive chikamu checaudillos yakaumba boka raive muChihuahua. Iri mushure mehupfumi hwemigodhi uye kuswedera pedyo neUnited States, iyo Pancho Villa yakakwanisa kuverenga pane zvakawanda zviwanikwa.
Akamira sagavhuna wenguva yekuchamhembe kubva muna 1913 kusvika muna 1914. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti akanga asina kunzi akakodzera kuva chikamu chePantheon yemagamba akaberekerwa muMexico kusvikira makore makumi maviri mushure mekuurayiwa kwake.
Parizvino, zviito zvake zvenhoroondo zvakaremekedzwa neruzhinji rweMexico uye kunyangwe mune zvimwe zvinhu tsika dzeAmerica dzinorumbidza zviito zvake zvekumukira. Pamusoro peizvi, zviito zvake zvakaita kuti ave munhu ane mukurumbira wekuMexico kubva pasirese.
Pancho Villa nevateveri vake
VaVillistas, avo vaive vateveri vePancho Villa, kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwakatsanangurwa, vakatora nzvimbo yevaridzi veminda, nechinangwa chekuipatsanura pakati pevarimi nevarwi venzvimbo yekuchamhembe.
Pamusoro peizvi, vakahwandira zvitima nepfungwa yekukwidza mari inodiwa yaizovabvumira kubhadhara masangano echimurenga akarongwa nechinangwa chekuda kupidigura mutungamiri wenguva iyoyo. Kana ukaona uchifarira nyaya dzakadai, usarega kuverenga Biography yaJose Vasconcelos.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti nzvimbo iyo Pancho Villa yakakwanisa kuwana munharaunda yekuchamhembe kweMexico yakaparara muna 1915. Izvi zvakakonzerwa nekuti akakundwa muCelaya neAgua Prieta naÁlvaro Obregón naPlutarco Elías Calles.
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakakosha kutaura kuti muna 1816, John J. Pershing akaedza kubata mupanduki, asi haana kuwana mukana wekuita kudaro. Chiitiko ichi chakauya nemacorridos airatidza kukosha kwekutaura kune zviito zvaiitwa nevaizove Mutungamiriri wemauto eUnited States muHondo Yenyika Yekutanga.
Biographical zvinhu zvePancho Villa
Maererano ne Pancho's biography Villa, kwakabva chimiro ichi kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvinotevera:
Mutizi
Zvinonzi José Doroteo Arango akava mupoteri kubva kumutemo mushure mokunge aita mhosva muna 1894. Sezvo akanga ari mumwe wevanakomana vaLaureano López Negrete akakurumbira, uyo aiva neSombreretillo hacienda. Munharaunda yaishanda hunhu, akabata munin’ina wake chibharo. Mamiriro ezvinhu akatungamirira José Doroteo Arango kuuraya mwanakomana wevaridzi uye kutizira kumakomo.
Akanga achirarama munzvimbo ine utsinye, kusvikira awana rubatsiro kubva kune boka remakororo ane mutungamiri ainzi Francisco Villa. Izvi zvakamupa zvokudya nepekugara zvaaida.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akaita kuti José Doroteo Arango ashande neboka ramakororo. Arango akanga ari murume akavimbika chose chose kumushandirwi wake. Nokudaro, akaita kuti avimbe naye. Mushure mekufa kwemukuru weboka remakororo, anotora kuraira. Izvo zvakaita kuti achinje zita rake kuFrancisco Villa, mukuremekedza aimbove mukuru wake.
Mushure mechinguva vanosvika pahacienda paishanda Arango. Ndosaka muramu wemushakabvu achifunga kuda kumuuraya. Asi iye zvino anonzi Francisco Villa, anokwanisa kuzviita kare. Zvose izvi zvakatungamirira Pancho Villa nechikwata chake kuti vave vadziviriri vekirasi yakakurumbira, avo panguva iyoyo vaibatwa sevaranda.
Luis Ferman Gurrola
Imwe nyaya ine chekuita nezita rePancho Villa ndeyekuti hunhu hwacho hwaive mwanakomana waLuis Ferman Gurrola, sezvo mai vake vaive mushandi wake nemukadzi. Asi nekuda kwechimiro, murume uyu akasarudza kusaziva mwanakomana wake.
Pashure pemamiriro ezvinhu, amai vacho vanoronga kumubhabhatidza naAgustín Arango, akanga ari mwanakomana wokunyama waDon Jesús Villa. Chii chakaita kuti mukomana atore zita rasekuru vake, achizviti Francisco Villa.
Jesus Villa
Imwe yenyaya dzePancho Villa inoratidza kuti amai vake vaive nezita rekuti Arango uye vaive nehukama naJesús Villa, uyo akasvika mushure mekugara muSan Gabriel, Jalisco mudunhu reDurango. Mushure menguva dzavo dzerudo, Arango anozvarwa.
Zvinoenderana nenyaya iyi, hazvinyatso kuzivikanwa kuti nei Jesús Villa asina kupa mwanakomana wake Agustín Arango zita rake rekupedzisira. Pashure penguva yakati, Agustín akaroora Micaela Arámbula uye José Doroteo Arango akaberekwa kubva murudo rwavo. Usarega kuverenga zvinyorwa zvakafanana nezviripo Hispanic American Literature.
Mushure mezviitiko izvi, José Doroteo anofunga kutora zita rasekuru vake uye anozvitumidza zita rekuti Francisco Villa, nechinangwa chekuvanza kuti aive ani chaizvo. Izvo zvakakosha kutaura kuti zviito zvekuchinja zvakasimudzirwa nePancho Villa zvakaitwa mumakore ake ekutanga.
Zvizhinji zvezviito zvakarongwa nemukomana zvakaitwa mudunhu reChihuahua, ndima iri kuchamhembe kwenyika yeAztec. Chinangwa chePancho Villa chaigara chekuisa parutivi kushungurudzwa kwakarongwa nevaridzi veminda vachipokana nevavarimi vavo. Nechinangwa chekupidigura vese vaive chikamu chesimba rehurumende yehurumende mayaive.
Banditry
Pane imwe nhanho muhupenyu hwePancho Villa pakanga paine kuparadza. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti akazova chikamu cheboka rematsotsi rinotungamirwa naIgnacio Parra. Zvinonzi akasiya boka racho panguva apo José Solís, uyo akanga ariwo rutivi rweboka, akaponda harahwa pasina chikonzero chakajeka.
Pancho Villa mushure mechiitiko ichi akafunga kusiya chikamu chehupenyu hwake kumashure ndokuenda kunoshanda mumugodhi weEl Verde. Saizvozvo, kune basa rekugadzira masonry rinosimudzirwa muChihuahua.
Mushure mechinguva, mapurisa akakumbira musoro wake uye Pancho Villa yakasarudza kuenda kumakomo kunoshanda sembavha yemombe.
Kupinda muChimurenga
Pakazosvika 1910 Pancho Villa inosarudza kujoina mafambiro eMaderista mavambo. Zvinoenderana nezvinotorwa nenhoroondo, akazvirega atakurwa nemumwe wake Eleuterio Soto. Mushure meizvozvo, akawedzera kubatanidzwa kuburikidza naAbraham González, aive nehukama hwekutengesa nePancho Villa.
Panguva yaakatanga kuita kwake sechimurenga, Pancho Villa yaingova mbavha. Saka vaigona kumudaidza kuti gandanga pasina chikonzero. Izvi zvinoshanduka apo Villa inosangana naAbraham González, uyo panguva iyoyo aive mumiriri wezvematongerwo enyika waFrancisco I Madero muChihuahua.
González akava muenzaniso wakanaka wokuti Villa atevedzere, sezvo akamukurudzira kuti adzidze dzidzo yehwaro, izvo zvakaita kuti anzwisise zvematongerwo enyika. Mamiriro ezvinhu akamubvumira kuti achinje maonero aakanga ava nawo pamusoro penyika uye pamusoro pebasa rose rakaipa iro avo vaiva nesimba vakanga vachiita nemhaka yemamiriro avo oupfumi.
Zvose izvi zvakamukurudzira kurwisa Cavaría hacienda pana Mbudzi 17, 1910. Pashure paikoku akatanga kutsvaka vanhu vaizoumba mauto kuti atore rutivi mukumukira.
Kurwisana nezvombo
Pancho Villa yakamira kunze kwemabasa ake muhondo yeMaderista. Position yaive nyanzvi yakarongeka. Zvese zvakaunzwa nerevolution yeMaderista zvakaburitsa muVilla hunyanzvi hwemauto uye zano.
Somuenzaniso, muTecolote, akasarudza kunyengedza mauto aNavarro nokuita kuti varwi vake vaise ngowani dzine matanda mumisoro yavo. Zvese izvi nechinangwa chekugadzira manzwiro ekuti raive boka rehukuru hukuru.
Pamusoro pezvese, aive munhu ane mukurumbira kuhondo dzakaitwa muSan Andrés, Santa Isabel, Ciudad Camargo, Las Escobas uye Estación Bauche. Kugumisa mauto aManuel García Pueblita.
Nekune rumwe rutivi, aive muboka remauto akakunda hondo huru yechimurenga yakatungamirirwa naPascual Orozco. Mukuwedzera kune izvi, akaedza kugumisa hupenyu hwaJuan Navarro pasinei nokuti Francisco I. Madero haana kubvumirana nehondo yeCiudad Juárez.
Pancho Villa yaive imwe yevakatanga kugona zvitima zvakamubvumira kutakura zvinhu zvakakura zvaishandira Northern Division.
Kutanga danho
Kurwisa kwekutanga kwakasimudzirwa nePancho Villa kwakarongwa muChihuahua asi hazvina kubudirira. Naizvozvo, mushure meizvozvo, anokwanisa kukunda muCiudad Juárez. Yakanga iri ya1910 iyo inoratidza kuti Francisco I Madero akavimbika zvakakwana. Post inosarudza kuramba chirevo chaPascual Orozco, sezvo akanga achironga kutengesa.
Pancho Villa yakasarudza kutora zvombo, nechinangwa chekudzivirira hurumende yeMadero. Aive chikamu chemauto eFederal North Division, kwaakakunda Victoriano Huerta.
Aive chikamu chehondo dzeTlahualilo, Sierra de Banderas, Conejos naRellano. Nekuda kwezviito zvake muhondo, anokwidziridzwa kuita honorary brigadier general. Zvose izvi, sezvo akaronga mazano akadai seChirongwa cheGuadalupe.
Akasangana nevatambi vakaita saTomás Urbina, Rosalío Hernández, Toribio Ortega Ramírez, Victoriano Huerta naManuel Chao, muhondo dzakawanda. Aya mavara akanga asingavimbi nePancho Villa, sezvo akanga asiri musoja webasa uye zvinangwa zvake zvakanga zvisina kufanana.
Pamusoro peizvi, kufungirwa kwevazhinji vevaaifamba navo muhondo kwaienderana nezviito zvakaita sekubirwa kwemboro, izvo zvakaita kuti arangwe nekusateerera. Situation yakauya nazvo zvekuti vakaedza kumupfura.
Aive Madero akasarudza kuchengetedza hupenyu hwePancho Villa kuburikidza nekupindira kwemukoma wake Raúl uye zvakare Guillermo Rubio Navarrete. Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti aendeswe kuMexico City, achibva azoiswa mujeri muSantiago Tlatelolco.
Kuputswa kwejeri
Kunyange zvazvo Pancho Villa yakaramba iri mujeri, akawana mukana wekusangana naGildardo Magaña Cerda. Unhu uhwu hwaive hwakakosha zvikuru kuhupenyu hwaVilla, nekuti ndiye akamubatsira kudzidzisa, kukudziridza pfungwa dzake nezvinangwa zvinoenderana neagrarianism.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti maiva muna 1912 apo Pancho Villa, nekuda kwaCarlos Jáuregui, yakapukunyuka mujeri. Mushure mekuita kwake, anosarudza kutamira kuGuadalajara neManzanillo. Nezvose izvi, anokwanisa kusvika kuEl Paso, Texas.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti aive Gavhuna José María Maytorena uyo akabatana kuti aenderere mberi nekupukunyuka kwake, achipa mari kuPancho Villa. Muna February naMarch 1913, Francisco I. Madero naAbraham González vakapondwa, ikoku kwakatungamirira Pancho Villa kutora zvombo zvakare. Zvese izvi nechinangwa chekupedza hurumende yeVictoriano Huerta.
Kudanwa kwakaitwa naCoahuila Venustiano Carranza kwakatevera, nechinangwa chekumukira hurumende. Saka kuumba inonzi mauto ekuchamhembe. Pancho Villa yakatsigirwa zvakare naGavhuna José María Maytorena
Ndiko kuvonga kune izvi kuti anoyambuka muganhu pakati peUnited States neMexico pasina matambudziko makuru, kusvika uye kutizira muChihuahua. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Pancho Villa akatanga kushandira pamwe kwake mubato rebumbiro nevarume vapfumbamwe vaimufarira.
Chikamu chechipiri
Pakanga pari pausiku hwaNovember 15, 1913, apo Pancho Villa pamwe chete nemauto ake vakasarudza kurwisa mauto emasoja ehurumende, akanga akarara uye akazorora mudzimba dzokubhejera.
Iri mushure mechiitiko ichi kuti Villa nevarume vake vakakwanisa kukunda uye kuhwina mabharaki, mabhiriji epasi rose, nhandare dzemitambo, dzimba dzemitambo uye dzimbahwe rezvombo. Nzira yehondo yakaita kuti apiwe mubairo naMadero, achimupa chinzvimbo chemukuru.
Pamusoro peizvi, akaisa pamwechete mazano uye akatanga kurwisa Casas Grandes naCiudad Juárez, ese ari edunhu reChihuahua. Zvese izvi zvakare munaNovember wegore 1913.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti mushure mezvose izvi, iyo Northern Division yeConstitutional Army yakasikwa. Apo mavara Toribio Ortega Ramírez, Rodolfo Fierro, Juan Medina, Maclovio Herrera, Tomás Urbina naManuel Chao vakamira. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti iri boka idzva rakanzi Pancho Villa General in Chief.
Pakazosvika January 10, 1914, anokwanisa kuwana simba reguta reOjinaga. Zvese izvi zvakabvumira Villa kuti ive iyo yaidzora nharaunda yese yaive kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwedunhu reChihuahua.
Villa saGavhuna
Akakura pasi penguva pfupi kwazvo segavhuna weChihuahua. Pamusoro peizvi, zvakakosha kutaura kuti ndiye aidzora mirairo yakataurwa nagavhuna waManuel Chao. Wekupedzisira akange agadzwa sagavhuna naVenustiano Carranza.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti paaishanda segavhuna, Pancho Villa yakaramba iine mabhiri maviri emativi uye mapepa akadhindwa. Pamusoro peizvi, akaronga kuzvibata ari pasi pemubatanidzwa, kwaaiita nyaya dzine chekuita neteregirafu nechitima.
Kune rimwe divi, akatanga kuranga maSpanish aifarira Victoriano Huerta. Nenzira imwecheteyo, aive achitungamira kuvhurazve Scientific and Literary Institute. Akagadzira zvikoro zvinosvika makumi matatu uye akatanga bhanga renyika. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti munguva yake yekusununguka akatarisira kuzvidzidzisa mukuverenga nekunyora.
Chikamu chechitatu
Chikamu chekuchamhembe chaive chikamu chehondo yeZacatecas, iyo yakabvumira kukundwa kwemukuru wemubatanidzwa Luis Medina Barrón. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti misiyano yaive nenzvimbo yerunyararo mushure mechibvumirano cheTorreón, chakaitirwa Chikunguru 8, 1914.
Iwo ma protagonists echibvumirano ichi aive kupatsanurwa kwekuchamhembe uye Mauto Corps ekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti Pancho Villa yakafananidzirwa nevamwe vakaita saManuel Bonilla naJosé Isabel Robles.
Nekuda kwemaitiro aya, zvakanzi Pancho Villa yaifanira kukumbira ruregerero kuna Venustiano Carranza. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti akanga achiri mukuru wekutanga. Pamusoro peizvi, Pancho Villa, yakapihwa chinzvimbo chemukuru wechikamu.
Zvese izvi zvakaita kuti Villa agamuchire Carranza pasi pemamwe mamiriro, izvo zvakaita kuti aite Musangano wevakuru vemauto nevatongi vanomukira. Iyi nzira yekutsvaga kuita sarudzo uyezve kuita chirongwa chehurumende chepamusoro.
Zvibvumirano hazvina kugamuchirwa zvizere
Zvose zvibvumirano zvakanga zvatarwa hazvina kugamuchirwa zvizere nerimwe remativi maviri ezvematongerwo enyika. Kunyange izvi zvaiitwa kuburikidza nemauto echimurenga Huerta akakundwa. Achiita izvozvo pakasvika July 15, 1914, Huerta akasiya chigaro chake chehurumende.
Kukunda kwakawanikwa hakuna kubvumira hukama pakati pePancho Villa naVenustiano Carranza kuti huve hwakanaka. Zvese izvi zvakagadzirwa sezvo Carranza akafunga kuti mukurumbira weVilla segororo unoshoreka. Naizvozvo, Carranza haana kuona chikamu chekuchamhembe chakakosha, ndoda kuziva Pancho Villa semukuru weboka.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti Obregón akatsvaka kuita musangano nePancho Villa, asi achikumbira izvi, akatsvaka kurwisa mauto ake. Villa akawana vavariro dzaObregón. Nokudaro, iyo inonzi mubatanidzwa haina kwayakasvika, izvo zvakaita kuti Pancho Villa irayire Obregón kuti apfurwe.
Kutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, Serrano naRaúl Madero vanotsvaka kupindira naObregón, vachibvumira mamiriro ezvinhu anoratidzwa neVilla kuti agamuchirwe. Izvo zvinokwanisa kumuita kuti atize ari mupenyu kubva kuChihuahua.
Chibvumirano chacho hachina kugamuchirwa naVenustiano Carranza, izvo zvakatungamirira Pancho Villa kuti arayire kutsvaga kwaObregón, asi haana kukwanisa kusvika kune akabatwa naye. Zvese izvi zvakabvumira zvibvumirano naCarranza kuti zvibviswe zvachose.
Aguascalientes Kokorodzano
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti muna 1914, Venustiano Carranza akatsvaga kuronga kufona kwakanangana nemasimba echimurenga. Zvese izvi nechinangwa chekuvandudza mamiriro pakati pemativi. Asi chirongwa ichi hachina kutambirwa sezvanga zvakatarisirwa.
Zvese izvi nekuti Pancho Villa yakawana simba rakakura mushure meAguascalientes Convention. Kukonzera zvose Carranza naObregón kubvisa zvachose nzira iyo gungano rakauya nayo.
Mushure meizvi, Pancho Villa inokwanisa kutora Mexico City, nerutsigiro rweMusangano uye yakabatana naEmiliano Zapata. Zvose izvi zvakaitwa mumwedzi waZvita wegore ra1914.
Kokorodzano inotangwa muMexico City, kuti isvike kuAguascalientes. Kubvumira Chibvumirano cheXochimilco kuti chiitwe, icho chakazokwanisa kutsanangura uye nekuzogamuchira Pan de Ayala.
Kurwa naVenustiano Carranza naÁlvaro Obregón
Venustiano Carranza haana kubvumirana nemitemo yakataurwa naPancho Villa nevarume vake, izvo zvakaita kuti asabvume izvo zvakasimbiswa neKokorodzano. Zvese izvi zvakaita kuti atizire kuVeracruz, aine chinangwa chekurwisa Villa nevateveri vake.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti mumwe wevabatsiri vake vakuru aiva Álvaro Obregón. Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti Pancho Villa yakakundwa naObregón muna 1915. Izvi zvakaitwa muhondo yeCelaya.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti simba revatasvi vemabhiza rakaiswa nePancho Villa rakanga risingashande zvakakwana kuti riparadze migero uyezve pfuti nezvombo zvehondo zvaifarira Obregón.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaramba achiwedzera kuipa kuPancho Villa sezvo akakundwawo muhondo yeTrinidad, hondo yeLeón nehondo yeAguascalientes. Izvi zvakaita kuti Villa iende kuchamhembe kwenyika.
Pakupera kwegore ra1915, akanga achitungamirira kurwisa nyika yeSonora. Zvisinei nehurongwa hwavo, vebumbiro remitemo vanokwanisa kuisa parutivi zvirongwa zvavo. Mamiriro ezvinhu anotungamira Pancho Villa kuti ikundwe zvakare muhondo muAgua Prieta. Zvese izvi kuburikidza nekuraira kwaPlutarco Elías Calles, pasi pemurairo waGeneral Manuel Diéguez.
Kupinda uye Hondo yeColumbus
Mushure mekukundwa kwakaitwa Pancho Villa, anofunga kuenda kuChihuahua, ndipo pano paakaronga kurwisa kwemauto aine chinangwa chekurwisa United States. Zvese izvi nekuti North America yakanga yafunga kutsigira Venustiano Carranza.
Kurwiswa kwacho kwakanangana naWoodrow Wilson, sezvo ichi chaive chesimba, zvemagetsi uye chikafu chitsigiro. Muna Ndira 1916, kurwiswa kwakaitwa chitima cheMexico North Western Railway. Izvi zvakaitwa muSanta Isabel mudunhu reChihuahua. Kune rimwe divi, akazvipira kuuraya vashandi gumi nevasere vekuAmerica vaive chikamu chekambani yemugodhi yeAsarco.
KwaKurume 9, 1916, mauto ePancho Villa ari kutonga kurwisa guta reColumbus muNew Mexico. Ava vakanga vari pasi pomurayiro waRamón Banda Quesada. Iyi nzira yese yakagadzirwa sechirango chetsigiro iyo United States yakapa maCarrancistas.
Izvo zvakakosha kutaura kuti kupindira kwakaitwa nePancho Villa muNew Mexico ndiko chete kwakarongedzerwa kuUnited States, kubvira Hondo yeAnglo-America yakaitika muna 1812.
The punitive expedition
Mushure mekurwiswa kwakaitwa naPancho Villa muHondo yeColumbus, Mutungamiriri weUnited States Woodrow Wilson anofunga kutumira mauto aive pasi pekuraira kwaBlack Jack Pershing, Kurume 14, 1916. Mauto muHondo Yenyika I. Zvese kuitira kutora Pancho Villa.
Kutambudzwa uku kwakaita kuti mauto eUnited States ashande mukati menharaunda yeMexico, achisvika kuguta reParral, uko Elisa Griensen nevana venzvimbo iyi vakanga vakavamirira. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaita kuti Mauto eUnited States adzoke zvakare, nokudaro achizviwana kuchamhembe kwemuganhu weMexico.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti mauto ari pasi pemurairo waPershing akagara munharaunda yeMexico, kunyanya muChihuahua kwemwedzi gumi neimwe. Pakati pemigumisiro yakanaka yePershing, akakwanisa kurwa uye kukunda mauto eMexico aiva chikamu cheavo vakarwisa Columbus.
Nekudaro, Pershing akatadza kupedzisa Pancho Villa kubva paakatiza kubva kuvateveri vake, achisiya nharaunda yeMexico. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti nyaya iyi yakava ngano, sezvo Villa yakakwanisa kukunda mukuru wemauto.
Villa uye vezvenhau
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti Pancho Villa yakanakidzwa nekambani yevatapi venhau vakuru avo, zvakare, muzviitiko zvakawanda vaiverengerwa sevakangwara. Pakati pevatambi vane mukurumbira paive nemunyori wekuAmerica John Reed uye kunyangwe Martín Luis Guzmán, mutambi akanyora La sombra del caudillo. Mukuwedzera kune izvi, Martín Luis Guzmán pane imwe nguva akanga ari munyori wake.
Kune rimwe divi, Villa yaive nezviitiko zvakasiyana nevezvenhau, ichipa mabvunzurudzo akawanda. Zvakare, akakwanisa kuita zvibvumirano neHollywood, nechinangwa chekutora hondo nemauto aaiva nawo. Nekuda kwezviito zvavo, vakapihwa mayunifomu akasununguka nechinangwa chekuti mifananidzo yakatorwa ive yemhando yepamusoro.
Saizvozvowo, Pancho Villa inosarudza kusaina chibvumirano neMutual Film Company, iyo yaiva yeDW Griffih, yeJanuary 5, 1914. Pakati pevatambi vakaronga kutora zviito zvavo muUnited States yose neMexico ndiHarry E. .Aitken.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti Hupenyu hweGeneral Villa hwakaburitswa muna Chivabvu 14, 1914 muNew York. Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti chiito ichi chakaguma nekubudirira. Nekudaro, akabviswa pamagidhi sezvo United States yakamira kutsigira Villa mukupera kwegore iro.
Kuuraya kwaVilla
Nekufamba kwenguva, Pancho Villa yakatanga kuita zviito zvehugandanga zvakare, izvo zvakaita kuti ave nemaoko mashoma mazuva ese. Izvi zvakatora kubva muna 1917 kusvika muna 1920. Zvisinei, mukati menguva iyoyo akava nenguva yakanaka nemhaka yaFelipe Ángeles, uyo akasarudza kurwa naye pashure pokudzokera kundima yeMexico.
Nekune rimwe divi, kana Adolfo de la Huerta akwanisa kuwana hutungamiriri hweMexico, mushure memaitiro akaitwa muAgua Prieta, kudzikinurwa kwePancho Villa kunowanikwa. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti musi waJune 26, 1920, Villa yakanga iri chikamu uye yakasaina chibvumirano negungano reSabinas.
Maitiro ese ari muSabinas anomanikidza Pancho Villa kuti ape zvombo zvake uye oenda kuCanutillo hacienda muDurango. Izvi mushure memubairo wezvose zvakaitirwa nyika.
Alvaro Obregon
Álvaro Obregón paanova mutungamiri weMexico, anofunga asingazezi kutanga nezvirongwa zvaizomubvumira kugumisa hupenyu hwePancho Villa. Mushure mekuita kwakaitwa muHuertista Rebellion nechinangwa chekumisa kuisirwa kwaPlutarco Elías Calles, vazhinji seyekudzivirira vakakurudzira kuuraya Villa asati atora zvombo.
Plutarco ndiye anoona nezvekutaura naColonel Lara mukutsvaga kuronga hurongwa hwakanakisa hwekuuraya Villa uye akatopihwa zviuru makumi mashanu zvepesos uyezve kukwidziridzwa kwemauto kana Villa ikapondwa.
Izvo zvakakosha kutaura kuti pakupondwa kwePancho Villa kwaive nerutsigiro kubva kuUnited States. Pashure pezviitiko zvose, vanokwanisa kuvandira Villa uye zvakare kumuuraya musi waJuly 10, 1923. Zvinonzi akanga ari munzira kuenda kumutambo wemhuri muChihuahua.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti muviri wake wakabviswa musoro. Vazhinji veko vekuMexico naHandal, vaive vekuAmerica uye vakabhadharwa zviuru zvishanu zvemadhora naWilliam Randolp Hearst, vakapinda muchiito ichi. Iyi posvo yaida musoro wePancho Villa semubairo.
villa nevakadzi
Iko chaiko hakuna humbowo hwekuti vangani vakadzi Pancho Villa yaive nayo. Zvakadaro, nyaya dzengano dzinoratidza kuti murume akaroora kanenge makumi manomwe neshanu. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti mushure mekufa vashoma ndivo vakadzi vairatidza kuti vaiva vakadzi vavo:
Paula Alamillo
NaPaula, Villa akaroora muTorreón uyezve kubva mumubatanidzwa uyu vanogona kuve nemwanasikana anonzi Evangelina.
Mary Barraza
Ava vaviri vanosarudza kuroora muParral, kunze kwekuti vane mwanakomana wavanoti Miguel. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti mwana uyu akatorwa naSoledad Seáñez uyo akazovewo mudzimai waVilla. Mushure mekuita uku mwana anova Miguel Villa Seáñez.
Mary Elizabeth Campa
Anoroora María muDurango uyezve ane mwanasikana anonzi Ramoncita nokuda kwayo. Dzidzawo nezvezvinyorwa zvakadai Biography Martin Blasco.
Esther Cardona
Anowana kuroora Esther Cardona muTorreón uye zvakare anokwanisa kuva nevanakomana vaviri mapatya. Zvisinei, vana ava vanofa munguva pfupi zvikuru vazvarwa.
Francisca Carrillo weMatamoros
Naiye, akanga ane mwanakomana ane zita risingazivikanwi. Ava vakaroorana muCoahuila.
Manuela Casas
Zita remwanakomana naManuela harizivikanwe futi. Ava vakachata muParral Chihuahua.
Corral Chiedza
Izvo zvakakosha kutaura kuti Luz ndiye ega aive nemukana wekuroora Villa kuburikidza nekereke uye panguva imwecheteyo kuburikidza nemutemo wevagari. Muchato wavo wakaitwa muSan Andrés, Chihuahua pana October 24, 1911. Mukuwedzera kune izvi, vane mwanakomana asi anofa asati asvika makore maviri.
Peter Espinoza
NaPetra anoroora muSanta Bárbara muChihuahua. Vanokwanisa kuita mwanasikana anonzi Micaela.
Guadalupe Coss
Naiye anoroora pamunda weSantiguo, kunze kweizvozvo, ane mwanakomana anomuti Octavio.
Maria Hernandez
Anoroora María muna 1920 muEl Parral uye pamusoro pazvo vane mwanakomana ane zita risingazivikanwi.
Librada Pena
NaLibrada akaroora muSanta Bárbara Chihuahua, kune rumwe rutivi mwanasikana wake ainzi Celia.
Austreberta Renteria
Pakasvika 1921 akamuroora ndokumupa vanakomana vaviri, vaakadana kuti Francisco naHipólito.
Maria Reyes
Akamuroora kuRosario Durango uye vakaita mwanakomana wavakatumidza kuti Samuel.
Soledad Seanez Holguin
Pana May 1919, XNUMX, vakaroorana muValle de Allende muChihuahua. Pamusoro pazvo, vaiva nevana vaviri.
Juana Torres
Juana naVilla vakaroora muTorreón uye pamusoro pazvo vakatumidza mwanasikana wavo Juana María.
Cristina Vazquez
NaCristina akaroora muSanta Bárbara, kune rumwe rutivi, vakava nemwanakomana ane zita risingazivikanwi.
Asuncion Villaescusa
Aive tsvarakadenga yaakaroora kwaDurango uyezve vaive nemwanakomana.
Akavawo neukama naGuadalupe Peral, María Leocadia, María Izaac, Guadalupe Balderrama, waakavawo nemwanakomana, kunze kweizvozvo, naMaría Arreola naMargarita Núñez. Unogona kufarira nyaya yacho The knight mungura nhumbi dzokurwa.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti Mexico Congress inosarudza kucherechedza Soledad Seáñez Holguín, mukadzi waakaroora muna 1919, semukadzi ari pamutemo wePancho Villa.
Pamusoro peizvi, Luz Corral, Manuela Casas naAustreberta Rentería vaizivikanwawo sevakadzi vepamutemo. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakakosha kutaura kuti murume uyu anorondedzerwa semukadzi, uyo saka akanga asina kuremekedza vakadzi.
Mukuwedzera, vazhinji vavo vanodudza kuti kupfuura munhukadzi, iye chaizvoizvo akanga ari mubati zvisina kufanira wavakadzi, sezvo vazhinji vakanga vari chibereko chokubatwa chibharo. Pakati pezviito izvi, taundi reNamiquipa rinomira kunze, iro riri munzvimbo ine makomo kumadokero kweChihuahua neSonora.
Pancho Villa inonzi yakaudza varume vake vekuNamiquipa kuti vaise vakadzi ava mudanga voenderera mberi nekuvabata chibharo. Pashure pemamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa aya, vakadzi vakawanda vakafa nokubatwa zvisina kunaka kwakakonzerwa.
Kukakavara
Vazhinji vekuMexico vanonongedzera kuPancho Villa segamba raive chikamu chevatangi veMexico yazvino. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekukura kwevanhu, zuva rega rega nyaya nekuferefeta kunoitwa umo Villa yakamira kunze kunobvunzwa zvakanyanya.
Zvese zvazvino zvakaipa zvinokonzeresa nekuti mhosva huru dzinoitwa nemunhu dzakaonekwa. Pakati peizvi, zvimwe zvinogona kuonekwa sezviri muMhosva dzePancho Villa, yakanyorwa naReidezel Mendoza Soriano. Izvi zvinoratidzira makumi matatu nepfumbamwe mhosva, pamusoro peiyo, ine 1350 mhondi dzakaitwa kwenguva kubva 1915 kusvika 1920.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti bhuku The Mhosva dzePancho Villa rakaunzwa pamakumi matatu nepfumbamwe edition yePalacio de Minería International Fair. Mhondi dzakaitwa muSan Pedro de la Cueva dzakajeka mariri, sezvo pano Villa yakaraira kuurayiwa kwevanhu vakaita semupristi Avelino Flores uye zana revarimi.
Mutsika dzakakurumbira
Izvo zvakakosha kuti utarise zvinotevera:
National Autonomous University of Mexico
Iyi yunivhesiti, kuburikidza netsvakiridzo yakaitwa kwegore ra2017, inokwanisa kuwana hove inotapira inobva mudunhu reOaxaca uye yakatumidzwa zita rekuti Pancho Villa mukuremekedzwa nekwayakabva.
Mexico City Subway
MuMexico City metro mune chiteshi chakanzi División del Norte. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti boka iri raiva boka revarwi raitungamirirwa nePancho Villa.
Nechikonzero ichi, mufananidzo unomiririra chiteshi ichi chivezwa naPancho Villa. Yaiva pakati pepanotenderera. Iyo yaigonawo kuonekwa pedyo neDivision del Norte Avenue.
Zacatecas
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti muguta reZacatecas nhandare huru uye yakakurumbira inonzi Pancho Villa.
Victor Jara
Pakazosvika 1970, Víctor Jara ndiye aitungamira kutsikisa dambarefu rainzi Canto libre iro rine mukoto wakatsaurirwa kuPancho Villa.
The Northern Division
Muna 1971, boka redombo rakazvarwa mukukudza Northern Division.
Paul muldoon
MuIrish Paul Muldoon muna 1977, anofunga kuisa Pancho Villa munhetembo yake, akazvipira kunyora nezvekudya kwemasikati kwemunhu.
Magazini 60
Kune rimwe divi, boka reFrench mavambo Magazine 60 rakasarudza muna 1987 kuita rwiyo rwakatsaurirwa kumabasa akaitwa nePancho Villa.
Steve Earl
Steve Earle, anga ari muimbi wemumhanzi wenyika, anofunga kuisa hunhu hwePancho Villa mune imwe yenziyo dzake dziri paribhobho Rovedza comin. Dingindira rinotaura nezvevarume vaviri vanobva mudunhu reGeorgia, vari kugadzirira kushanyira Mexico vaine chinangwa chekutora chikamu muhondo dzinosimudzirwa neVilla.
Huroyi
Kwegore ra2000, bhendi reBrujería raitungamira kuridza rwiyo rwakatsaurirwa kuNorthern Division. Rwiyo rwakakudza mabasa akaitwa naPancho Villa neboka rake.
Mwana Frost
Anosarudza kuita rwiyo rwakatsaurirwa zvachose kuPancho Villa. Yakagadzirwa naMellow Man Ace.
Thalia
Muna 2004, Thalía anofunga kuita rwiyo runodaidzwa kuti Action uye Reaction, iyo inonyatso taura nezve zviito zvakarongwa nePancho Villa paakaramba ari pamuganhu pakati peMexico neUnited States.
Indiana Jones
Izvo zvakakosha kutaura kuti mutambi weterevhizheni Indiana Jones anoratidza Pancho Villa mune imwe yezvikamu zvake zveiyo The Adventures yeYoung Indiana Jones. Nechinangwa chekutsanangura zvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita neChimurenga cheMexico.
Pamusoro peizvi, mufirimu yakaitwa muna 2008 inonzi Indiana Jones uye The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, kumwe kutaurwa kunoitwawo kune uyu hunhu hwakakosha munhoroondo nebudiriro yeMexico.
The Simpsons
Zvakare mune yakakurumbira akatevedzana The Simpsons, pane hurukuro muchikamu kutepfenyura ye2017, nezve hunhu hwePancho Villa. Kunyanya pamusoro wake, aive muAmerica akadana kuti adimburwe musoro.
Curiosities ine chekuita nePancho Villa
Hunhu hwakakosha uhu hwekwakabva kuMexico, hune zvinhu zvakatanhamara zvine chekuita nehunhu hwake:
Peasant Law
Zvinonzi kwenguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwake, Pancho Villa akaenderera mberi nekuchengetedza kodzero dzevarimi. Nechinangwa chekusiya kushungurudzwa kwese kwakaitwa nevaridzi vevhu vakakura nevashandi vavo. Naizvozvo, akatotarisira kuchengetedza vanonyanya kushayiwa vemamwe matunhu aiumba simba reveruzhinji reMexico.
Vana vavo
Pamusoro peizvi, zvinonzi Pancho Villa yaitarisira kucherechedza vana makumi maviri nevatanhatu. Zvinonziwo ndiye aiona nezvedzidzo yavo nemikana yehupfumi yavaida. Zvinotonzi akaendesa vamwe vavo kuUnited States kunodzidza achitarisira kuti vachawana dzidzo yaasina.
dzidzo
Kune rumwe rutivi, iyi hunhu hwakakosha hwekubva kuMexico hwakanga husingagoni kuverenga. Sezvo asina kumbowana mukana wekuenda kuchikoro. Maererano nenyaya, akatodzidza kuverenga paakanga atova munhu mukuru.
Ndinovenga doro
Kune Pancho Villa, doro raive chinwiwa chisingakoshi zvachose. Pfungwa dzakamuita kuti afunge kuti doro ndiro raikonzera nhamo dzakawanda. Mushure meizvi ndipo paave gavhuna anozofunga kuraira mutemo wakaoma, izvo zvakaita kuti atyisidzira kupfura chero ani zvake asina kutevedzera chirevo chake.
Favorite drink
Pancho Villa yaida Strawberry Merengada, ichisiya zvimwe zvinwiwa zvakaita sedoro nemvura. Achiratidza kune vakawanda kuti ichi ndicho chinwiwa chake chaaida kupfuura zvinhu zvose.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti kwandakanyanya kufarira kunaka kwechinwiwa ichi kuUnited States, kunyanya kuTexas. Saka Pancho Villa dzimwe nguva aiisa hupenyu hwake panjodzi achiyambuka muganhu achitsvaga chinwiwa chaanofarira.
mupoteri kubva pamurayiro
Pamutemo, mhosva yake yekutanga inonzi ine chekuita nemutambo wekadhi. Pancho Villa panguva iyoyo yaive nemakore gumi nemana uye mushure mekurasikirwa akafunga kuba manyurusi ake mukutsiva. Achiongorora mamiriro acho ezvinhu zviri nani, anosarudza kutenga mhuka itsva uye kudziendesa, nechinangwa chekuisa parutivi rudzi rwekudzorera.
Chakaita kuti ave mupoteri kubva kururamisiro chakazovapo mushure mekuuraya bhinya remunin’ina wake. Aona kurwadza kwehanzvadzi yake, akafunga kuti nzira yakanakisisa yokudzorera kukudzwa kwehanzvadzi yake kwaiva kuuraya munhu akanga amurwisa.
chombo chevanopinda
Paakanga ari gavhuna weChihuahua, akasarudza kuti chitima chakafuridzirwa nebhiza reTrojan chinofanira kuvakwa. Aida kuti mauto atizire munzvimbo iyi uye achengete zvinhu.
kupinda nechisimba kweUnited States
Pancho Villa yaive yekutanga uye yega yakapinda muNorth America ndima. Akapinda munharaunda yeColumbus achitsvaga mutengesi akanga aba. Zvisinei, hazvina kubudirira.
Chido chake
Pancho Villa's hobby yaive yekurwa nenzombe, zvisinei haana kumbozvipira kune iyi hobby nyanzvi. Kanopfuura kamwe ndakambotya sezvo ndakanga ndisina ruzivo rwakawanda. Pasinei neizvi, akaramba achidzidzira nekuda kwechido chake.