Ukushushiswa kobuKristu: indaba yokwesaba nobuhlungu

Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokuthi kanjani Ukushushiswa kwamaKristu wahlushwa yibandla lokuqala ngezikhathi zombuso wamaRoma nasenkathini yanamuhla. Njengoba nje kuyilabo abantu abangamaKristu abasahlupheka ezikhathini zamuva.

Ukushushiswa kwamaKristu

Esahlukweni 15 seVangeli likaJohane kusukela evesini 18 , uJesu wayesexwayisile ibandla lakhe ukuthi izwe liyomzonda umKristu ngenxa yegama lakhe. Nokuthi uma ezingelwe izinceku zakhe noma abalandeli benjongo yakhe nabo bazoshushiswa;

Johane 15:20-21 (RVR 1960): 20 Khumbula igama elithi I Ngikutshelile: Inceku ayinkulu kunenkosi yayo. Uma ngishushiswa, bayakunizingela nani; uma beligcinile izwi lami, nelenu bayakuligcina. 21 Kodwa konke lokhu bazakwenza kuwe ngenxa yegama lamingoba abamazi ongithumileyo.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwebandla lobuKristu, laba bantu bakaNkulunkulu bebelokhu beshushiswa. uJesu Kristu, owafika ukuzogcwalisa umthetho kaYise kanye nalokho okwaphrofethwa ngabaphrofethi beTestamente Elidala; waphila enyameni yakhe ukuzingelwa kwezwe.

Ushushiso olwaluyimbi kakhulu futhi olwaludume kabi ukuthi noma yimuphi umuntu wayengahlupheka, kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lokufa emhlatshelweni esiphambanweni. Kodwa ephuma enqoba abashushisi bakhe nababulali bakhe ngokuvusa kwabafileyo ngosuku lwesithathu.

Kusukela kuleso senzakalo, abalandeli bakaKristu, labo abafakazela isigijimi sakhe, bebelokhu beshushiswa. Ukugcwalisa amazwi kaJesu akuJohane 15:20, acashunwe ngenhla.

Okugcwaliseke kuwo wonke amakhulu eminyaka kusukela ekuvukeni nasekunyukeni kukaKristu embusweni kaNkulunkulu. Ngoba ngisho nasekhulwini lama-XNUMX elidlule kuze kube manje, abalandeli abaningi emazweni ahlukahlukene baye babhekana noshushiso olunonya lobuKristu.

Nansi incazelo emfushane yokushushiswa kwamaKristu okuqala nokuthi kwenzekani manje ngobuKristu emhlabeni:

Ukushushiswa kwamaJuda okuqala kwamaKristu

EBhayibhelini kungabonakala ukuthi owokuqala owashushiswa kwakunguKristu ngokwakhe. Owashushiswa kakhulu ngabaholi bokholo lwakhe bangalezo zikhathi, abaFarisi, ababhali, abaSadusi nabapristi abangamaJuda.

Ngemva kokufa nokuvuka kukaKristu Jesu, abafundi bakhe baqala ukushushiswa. Hhayi ngamaRoma kuphela ayephethe izindawo noma ukubusa, kodwa nangabaholi bamaJuda.

Incwadi yeZenzo eTestamenteni Elisha ilandisa ngokushushiswa kwamaKristu okuqala. Ungabona indlela umphostoli uPetru noJohane ababoshwa ngayo induna yabalindi bamaRoma, abapristi namaJuda angabaSadusi.

Imisebenti 4: 1-3 1 Kwathi uPetru noJohane besakhuluma nesixuku, abapristi, nenduna yethempeli, nabaSadusi, babonakala kubo. 2 Babephatheke kabi kakhulu ngoba abaphostoli babefundisa abantu futhi bememezela ukuvuka kwabafileyo, okwaba sobala endabeni kaJesu. 3 Bababamba oPedro noJuan, futhi njengoba kwase kuhwalala, babafaka etilongweni kwaze kwaba ngakusasa.

Abaholi bamaJuda bashushisa amaKristu, ngoba ayengamqapheli uJesu njengoMesiya owamenyezelwa abaprofethi. Ngakho-ke, isigijimi sovuko nensindiso esidluliselwa ngabalandeli bakaKristu sasimelela ukuhlubuka ngokumelene nesiko nezimfundiso zabo zamaJuda.

Funda ngokwaziswa okubalulekile mayelana nokuvuswa kukaJesu ngokweBhayibheli Elingcwele, esihlokweni esilandelayo: Ukuvuka kukaJesu ngokweBhayibheli nemininingwane yalo. Leli qiniso liphawuleka kangangokuthi ngaphandle kwalo, izimfundiso zeNkosi uJesu Kristu bezingeke zisebenze eMhlabeni, ingasaphathwa eyokuba nesisekelo sokuqhubeka nokuma.

Umfel’ ukholo wokuqala ongumKristu: uStefanu

Umfel’ ukholo wokuqala noma isisulu senzondo yamaJuda ngemfundiso yobuKristu kwakunguStefanu. owakhandwa ngamatshe amalungu eSanhedrin yamaJuda;

IzEnzo 7:56-60 (KJV 1960): 56 Wathi: "Bheka, ngibona izulu livulekile, neNdodana yomuntu imi ngakwesokunene sikaNkulunkulu." 57 Ngakho bavala izindlebe zabo ngezwi elikhulu, futhi bahlasela omunye phezu kwakhe. 58 Basebemxotsha emzini. bamkhanda ngamatshe; nofakazi babeka izingubo zabo ezinyaweni zika insizwa egama layo linguSawule.

59 Bamkhanda ngamatshe uStefanu, ekhuleka ethi: Nkosi Jesu, yamukela umoya wami. 60 Waguqa, wamemeza ngezwi elikhulu. Nkosi, ungababaleli lesi sono. Eseshilo lokho walala.

USawulu waseTarsu: Kusukela kumshushisi kuya ekushushisweni

Kakade ekubulaweni komfel’ ukholo ongumKristu uStefanu embhalweni weBhayibheli ocashunwe ngenhla, isimilo sikaSawulu waseTarsu savela eTestamenteni Elisha. Lomlingiswa wayengumshushisi oqinile wamaKristu osemusha owayezoshushiswa ngokushesha, hhayi amakholwa akanye nawo angaphambili kuphela kodwa nangababusi baseRoma.

USawulu waseTarsu wayengumFarisi okokuqala owahola imikhankaso eminingi yokushushiswa nokubulawa kwamaKristu egameni lesiko lawo lamaJuda. Kamuva nangemva kokubonana ubuso nobuso noJesu Kristu ovusiwe, wayezoguqukela ebuKristwini.

Ekuphendukeni kwakhe, uSawulu owamiswa uKristu njengomphostoli uPawulu; Wayeyoqala umsebenzi wakhe wokushumayela ivangeli eMakedoniya, eJerusalema, eFilipi, e-Antiyokiya yasePhisidiya, e-Efesu nakwamanye amadolobha asePalestina, e-Asia Minor naseGrisi. Waze wafika eRoma lapho ayezoboshwa khona, aquliswe icala futhi abulawelwe ukholo ngamaRoma ngenxa yokholo lwakhe lobuKristu.

Zitholele lapha ibalazwe lasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda isigijimi seNkosi.

Ukuguqulwa kukaSawulu waseTarsu kungafundwa endimeni yeBhayibheli yeTestamente Elisha: Izenzo 9:1-22. Kusukela lapho kuqhubeke wayengeke esaba umholi wokushushiswa kobuKristu, kodwa umKristu othembekile oshushiswayo, IzEnzo 9:23-24 kanye neZenzo 9:29 (NIV):

23 Ngemva kwezinsuku eziningi amaJuda avumelana ukuba amdukise, 24 kodwa uSawulu wezwa ngamasu awo. Imini nobusuku babewaqapha ngokucophelela amasango omuzi ukuze bamqede.

29 Wakhuluma futhi waphikisana namaJuda akhuluma isiGreki, kodwa wona ahlose ukumbulala.

Umshushisi uSawulu waseTarsu waba umphostoli uPawulu, omunye wabashumayeli abathembekile nabaphumelelayo bevangeli likaKristu. Umbhali wezincwadi eziyishumi nantathu kwezingama-21 zeTestamente Elisha, imibhalo eyisisekelo yemfundiso yobuKristu.

Ukushushiswa kwamaKristu eMbusweni WaseRoma

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kumaRoma eminyakeni yokuqala yebandla lobuKristu, ukushunyayelwa kwevangeli ngeNkosi kanye nomsindisi. Yayimelela isigijimi esasiseduze esasibangela ukuvukela umbuso nokuvukela.

Ngaleso sikhathi amaRoma ayenike amaJuda umsebenzi wokuqoqa izintela. Ngaphezu kokulawula umphakathi nokungavumeli noma yikuphi ukunyakaza kokungalaleli.

AmaJuda asebenzisa leli thuba lokugcina ukuze avuse inzondo yamaRoma kubantu ababesanda kuzalwa abangamaKristu. Kanjalo kwaqala ukushushiswa okunonya okuyishumi koMbuso WamaRoma ngokumelene namaKristu.

Ukushushiswa kukaNero

Ukushushiswa kokuqala nokwakuchitha igazi kakhulu kwamaKristu ngesikhathi soMbuso WamaRoma kwakuholwa uMbusi uNero. Lokhu kushushiswa kobuKristu kwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka engama-64 no-68 emva kukaKristu.

UMbusi uNero wayezophatha ngesikhathi sikahulumeni wakhe wokuhlela nokuhlela umlilo owacekela phansi inqwaba yemikhakha noma imiphakathi yedolobha elikhulu laseRoma. Kulo mlilo, kwafa inani elikhulu lamaKristu, ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa uNero ukuze athweswe icala ngomthwalo wesono.

Ngakho-ke amaKristu ashushiswa ngonya futhi aba izisulu ezandleni zabantu baseRoma. Ngokusho kwesazi-mlando uCornelius Tacitus encwadini yakhe yesikhumbuzo kanye nokulandisa komlando kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesibili leminyaka ngemva kukaKristu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, esinye isazi-mlando nomKristu kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu lokuqala leminyaka ngemva kukaKristu, owaziwa ngokuthi uClement waseRoma noma uClement I. Encwadini yakhe yesikhumbuzo, wabhala ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko sokubulawa kwabaphostoli uPetru noPawulu kwakuyisimangalo sikaNero kumaKristu. njengababhali bomlilo wedolobha laseRoma.

Ukushushiswa kukaDomitian

Ngesikhathi sokubusa koMbusi uDomitian phakathi kuka-81 no-96 AD, amaKrestu aqhubeka nokuhlushwa ngonya eRoma. Lo mbusi waseRoma waze washicilela lo mthetho olandelayo ocashunwe nezwi nezwi:

-Akekho umKristu, uma eke wamiswa phambi kwenkantolo, okhululwa ekujezisweni ngaphandle kokulahla inkolo yakhe.-

Omunye wabafel’ ukholo ekushushisweni kobuKristu kukaDomitian kwakungubhishobhi wedolobha laseJerusalema, ogama lakhe linguSimeon. Esinye isisulu kwakuyindodakazi yesigele saseRoma esaguqukela ebuKristwini, okuthiwa uFlavia, owagwetshwa ukudingiswa.

Ukushushiswa kukaTrajan

Phakathi neminyaka ephakathi kuka-109 no-111, iRoma yayiphethe uMbusi uTrajan, okwabulawa kuyo amaKristu amaningi. Ukubulawa kukaTrajan okusekelwe embhalweni awusungula, lapho ukuba umKristu kwakubhekwa njengokungekho emthethweni ngendlela yokuthi:

• Uma kunezinsolo ezingaziwa zokuthi othile wayengumKristu, lo muntu akufanele azingelwe. Ngaphandle uma icala lifakazelwe.
• Uma umKristu obekwe icala elahla inkolo yakhe futhi avume ukukhulekela onkulunkulu bamaRoma, kwakufanele akhululwe.
• Nakuba uma ummangalelwa ehlala esikhundleni sakhe sokuba umKristu, wayezoshushiswa, ajeziswe futhi abulawe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mbhalo unikeze igunya elithile kubabusi bezifundazwe. Ngakho laba babeka ukuthinta kwabo siqu ekushushisweni kobuKristu.

Ukushushiswa kobuKristu kukaMarcus Aurelius

Ukushushiswa kobuKristu koMbusi uMarcus Aurelius kwenzeka kusukela ngonyaka we-161 kuya ku-180 emva kukaKristu. UMarco Aurelio wathola ukusekelwa esixukwini esavukela imiphakathi yamaKristu eyakhiwa futhi yanda kulo lonke elase-Asia Minor.

Sonke lesi sixuku senza izenzo ezihlukahlukene zokucekela phansi amaKrestu, njengokuhlasela, ukuphanga nokuqothula. Ngisho nesisodwa salezi zixuku ezicekela phansi esenzeka ngonyaka ka-177 eLugdunum (manje eyiLyon, eFrance), sasiwukushushiswa komKristu u-Irenaeus waseLyon.

Ukushushiswa kweLyon kanye namanye amaKristu kwagcina ngokuboshwa, ukuqulwa kwecala esithangamini futhi kugwetshwe izijeziso ezihlukahlukene; njengokuchayeka ezilwaneni, ukuhlukunyezwa kanye nezimo ezimbi zokuboshwa.

Esinye isigwebo sethonya elikhulu esenzeka ekushushisweni kobuKristu kukaMarcus Aurelius, kwakuyisigwebo sentambo sikaJustin. Kule nkathi ushushiso kukholakala ukuthi lubangelwa kakhulu ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu nokuziphatha okubi.

NjengamaKrestu kuhle ukwazi ubungozi bokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu emhlabeni nokuthi ikholwa kumele lenzeni uma libhekene naleliqiniso. Ngakho ngikumema ukuthi ufunde:  Ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu: Kuyini?, incazelo, incazelo, nokunye okuningi.

Ukushushiswa kukaSeptimius Severus

USeptimius Severus wayengumbusi waseRoma phakathi kuka-193 no-211 AD, ukushushiswa kwakhe amaKristu kwakwenziwa nsuku zonke. Lokhu kwabonakala ngokuba nesihluku esidlulele, abafel’ ukholo bafa beshiswa, banqunywa amakhanda, bevalelwe, njll.

Lo mbusi wasola amaKristu ngobhubhane nendlala eyayikhungethe indawo ngaleso sikhathi. Ukusuka lapho waphephela ukuze ashushise amaKristu ngonya.

Phakathi nonyaka ka-202, uSeverus wanyathelisa umyalo wendawo yonke owenqabela ukuzisholo ukuthi ubuKristu nobuJuda. Ngenxa yalesi simemezelo, ukushushiswa okukhulu nobudlova kwaqala eGibhithe naseNyakatho Afrika.

Ukushushiswa kukaMaximin

UMbusi uMaximinus (235 AD) wagxilisa ukushushiswa kwakhe ikakhulukazi kubaholi bemiphakathi yamaKrestu. Kulaba baholi abaphakathi kwalabo abashushiswa uMaximinus kukhona uPontianus noHippolytus, bobabili abavalelwe esiqhingini saseSardinia.

Ukushushiswa kukaDecius

Umbusi uDecius wakhulula ukushushiswa kobuKristu kusukela ngo-249 AD kuyo yonke indawo yombuso waseRoma. Ukushushiswa kwakhe kwaba nzima nakakhulu lapho esayina isimemezelo sokuthi amaKristu enze umhlatshelo phambi komlindi waseRoma ukuze adumise umbusi.

Noma ngabe ubani owakwenza, umbuso wawunikeza isitifiketi sokuwufeza umhlatshelo, leliqiniso laletha imiphumela ehlala njalo ebandleni lobuKristu. Ukushushiswa kobuKristu kwalombusi kwaphela ngonyaka wama-251 ngaphambi nje kokufa kukaDecius ngawo lowo nyaka.

Ukushushiswa kukaValerian

U-Valerian wathatha amandla njengoMbusi ngo-253 AD futhi kusukela lapho wadinga abapristi abangamaKristu ukuba benze imihlatshelo ezithombeni zaseRoma. Ngonyaka wama-257 u-Valeriano umemezela isimemezelo esisungula ukudingiswa njengesijeziso sokuzibiza ngobuKristu.

Lesi sijeziso silungiswa ngesigwebo sentambo esisekelwe emthethweni wangonyaka ka-258 AD, ngendlela efanayo okwakwenqatshelwa ngayo ukuvakashela amathuna obuKristu. Ngokombhalo ogciniwe, uValeriano wafela ukholo amaKristu ngokubhaxabulwa, izimbaqa zabantu, ukufa ngenkemba, njll.

Ukushushiswa Okukhulu KobuKristu KukaDiocletian

Phakathi neminyaka yama-303 no-313 ngemva kukaKristu, ukushushiswa okubi kakhulu kobuKristu eMbusweni WaseRoma kwenzeka ngaphansi kwamandla kaDiocletian. Iqiniso lokuba nonya nokuhlala njalo phakathi neminyaka lenza igama lenkathi yabafel’ ukholo abangamaKristu.

UDiocletian wawenza lo msebenzi phakathi nesikhathi sakhe sokuqinisa ukukhulekelwa kwezithixo konkulunkulu balo mbuso. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, labhubhisa wonke amadolobha ayezibiza ngenkolo yobuKristu, abafel’ ukholo abafa kule nkathi bahlanganisa: iSan Sebastián, iSan Pancracio neSanta Inés.

Ukushushiswa kobuKristu kukaJulian

UJulian Umhlubuki, oqanjwe amaKristu ngenxa yokunamathela kwakhe konkulunkulu bamaqaba boMbuso WaseRoma. NgoMbusi uJulian (361 - 363 AD), inkathi yobuhedeni yoMbuso WaseRoma yafinyelela umvuthwandaba ngokushushiswa ngonya kombuso kwamaKristu. Umlandeli kaJulian kwaba umbusi ongumKristu okuthiwa uJovian.

AmaKristu ayemetha ngokuthi uJulian isihlubuki, ngoba akazange angabaze ukuveza inkolo yakhe yeqiniso, ebonga onkulunkulu bamaqaba, lapho eqala ukubusa. Ngakho-ke wayefuna ukuzama ukuvuselela ubuqaba embusweni, ngaphandle kwempumelelo ngoba wabulawa ePheresiya ngonyaka ka-363 ​​AD.

Ukushushiswa kobuKristu ezweni lanamuhla

Ngokwezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ezilandela izibalo zokushushiswa kwamaKrestu; Ekhulwini lama-45, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-65 babulawa ngenxa nje yokusho ukholo lwabo lobuKristu. Lesi sibalo simelela iphesenti elesabekayo lika-XNUMX% yenani eliphelele lezisulu zokushushiswa kobuKristu okwenzeke eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili.

Okunye ukushushiswa kobuKristu okunzima kakhulu kwekhulu lama-1934 yilolo olwenzeka empini yombango yaseSpain phakathi kuka-1939 no-10. AmaKristu angamaKatolika angaphezu kuka-XNUMX XNUMX afa kule mpi, kuhlanganise nabathembekile, abapristi, ababhishobhi namakholwa.

Ukuqhubeka nokuchaza ukuqina nonya lwale mpi yaseSpain ngokumelene nobuKristu. Ukubulawa kuka:

• 12 ababhishobhi.
• Abapristi abayizinkulungwane ezine.
• Inani elingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili lamaKristu athembekile.

Ukushushiswa kobuKristu ngemuva kwesikhathi samanje

Emlandweni wendawo yonke wokushushiswa kobuKristu kusukela ekuqalisweni kwayo, akukho okunye okukhulu noma okunonya ukwedlula lokho obekwenzeka ezikhathini zamanje zamuva, zekhulunyaka lamanje. Azinakuqhathaniswa nokushushiswa okunonya nokuchitha igazi amaKristu abhekana nakho ngaphansi kwamandla oMbuso WaseRoma, ukuze ukuqonde kangcono, kwabelwana ngezinto ezilandelayo ezilalelwayo nokubukwayo, nezibalo zezibalo ezethusayo: