Imephu yasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu

Hlaziya Imephu yasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu Inokubaluleka kwayo, ukuqonda nakakhulu ukubaluleka kwesigijimi nobukhulu beNkosi. Izifunda ezinjengeGalile, uMfula iJordani, iSamariya neJudiya zihlobene nale mephu. Kuleli thuba, izici ezifana nenhlangano yayo yezombangazwe, izimfundiso zenkolo, amaqembu omphakathi nokunye kuzoxoxwa ngakho.

Imephu yasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu

Njengamanje iPalestine ayaziwa njengezwe elingaphakathi kwenhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene. Noma kunjalo, ibhekwa njengendawo futhi i-UN ivuma nje ukuthi isibukeli. Nokho, ngokomlando ibhekwa njengeZwe Elingcwele, le ndawo ephakathi koMfula iJordani noLwandle iMedithera. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe kuyo kakhulu kanye nezenzakalo ezifanele kakhulu zendaba yeBhayibheli.

Ebalazweni lasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu, kungabonwa izifunda ezihlukahlukene ezibaluleke kakhulu. Izindawo lapho inkonzo yasemhlabeni yeNkosi yethu uJesu Kristu yenzeka khona.

UMathewu 4: 23-2523 UJesu walihamba lonke elaseGalile efundisa emasinagogeni abo, eshumayela ivangeli lombuso, ephulukisa izifo zonke nezifo zonke ebantwini. 24 Udumo lwakhe lwaphumela kulo lonke elaseSiriya; basebeletha kuye bonke ababenezifo, nababephethwe yizifo ngezinhlupheko nezinhlupheko, nabakhwelwe ngamademoni, nabanezihlanya, nabafe uhlangothi; wabaphulukisa. 25 Abaningi bamlandela bevela eGalile, naseDekapholi, naseJerusalema, naseJudiya, nangaphesheya kweJordani.

Ezinye izindawo kuleli mephu kanye noJesu

Imephu yasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu iqukethe ezinye izindawo ezishiwo emavangelini ukukhombisa izenzakalo ezibalulekile mayelana neNkosi, njengokuthi:

• IBetlehema: Isifunda lapho ukuzalwa kweNkosi kwenzeka khona, Mathewu 2:2
• ENazaretha: Indawo lapho uJesu ehlala khona nabazali bakhe, Luka 2:39-40
• UJesu ubhapathizwa emfuleni iJordani, Mathewu 3:1
• EKhana: Wenza isimangaliso sakhe sokuqala emshadweni (Johane 2:1-12)
• EJeriko: Wenza isimangaliso sokuphulukisa indoda eyimpumputhe ( Luka 18:35-43 )
• IJerusalema: Lapha uKristu uyafa futhi avuke (Marku 11:11, 15:22, 16:6)

Ngakho-ke ibalazwe lasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu libalulekile ekuhlaziyweni kukaJesu womlando eBhayibhelini. Kanye nokwazi izinhlobo zikahulumeni, amaqembu omphakathi, amasiko, njll. yangaleso sikhathi ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni kangcono isigijimi seNkosi.

Imvelaphi ye-Etymological yasePalestine

I-toponymy noma imvelaphi ye-etymological yegama lendawo eyaziwa ngokuthi iPalestine, ngokusho kwabanye ababhali, yanikezwa amaRoma. Ngokusobala babiza le ndawo noma isifundazwe ngaleyo ndlela, beyithatha kwelesiGreek Παλαιστίνη, ehunyushwa ngesiLatini Palaistine, futhi incazelo yayo ithi Umhlaba WamaFilisti.

Lo msuka we-etymological awucaci kahle, noma kunjalo ngokomlando, amaJuda namaFilisti eBhayibhelini, kusukela ezikhathini zakuqala balwela amazwe afanayo. Miningi imizabalazo phakathi kwalezi zimpucuko ezimbili. Ezilotshwe ezindimeni eziningana zeBhayibheli. Okubaluleke kakhulu kwaba ukulwa phakathi kweNkosi uDavide nomdondoshiya wamaFilisti okuthiwa uGoliyati. Kuhlole ngokuya kulesi sixhumanisi. UDavida loGoliyathi: i-duel yeBhayibheli eyenza umlando. Kule mpi, uDavide ogcotshwe uNkulunkulu ukwazi ukunqoba umdondoshiya wamaFilisti, emshaya ngetshe elijikijelwa ngendwayimane ebunzini lakhe, elimshiya engenakuphila enkundleni yempi.

Phakathi nenkathi yekhulu lesibili leminyaka ngaphambi kukaKristu, amaFilisti ayebuswa umbuso wakwa-Israyeli. Kamuva ekhulwini lokuqala, yonke indawo eyayibekwe ebalazweni lasePalestina ngesikhathi sikaJesu yayingaphansi koMbuso WaseRoma owawuchuma, inhloko-dolobha yawo iJerusalema.

Umongo womlando wemephu yasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lokuqala leminyaka yenkathi yobuKristu, ibutho elinamandla laseRoma lafika ukuze lihlanganise zonke izifunda ezisogwini lolwandle lwaseMedithera; embusweni owodwa omkhulu nonamandla, uMbuso WamaRoma, bheka umfanekiso No. 1 ngenhla. AmaRoma ayekwazile ukuhlanganisa eziningi zalezi zifunda, eqapha imingcele yazo kahle kakhulu.

Indawo yasePalestine yayikulesi simo kusukela ekuthunjweni okunqobile kwedolobha laseJerusalema ezandleni zikaJenene waseRoma uPompey Omkhulu ngonyaka wama-64 ngaphambi kwenkathi yobuKristu.

Umbuso wanamuhla wangaleso sikhathi, lapho amanxiwa amaningi emivubukulo asagciniwe. Ixhunywe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene nezihlanganisiwe. Okufanayo okwakuzosetshenziswa yilabo abasiza ukusabalalisa imfundiso esanda kuzalwa. Imfundiso eyamemezela uMesiya, uMsindisi, lowo othunywe uNkulunkulu. Ubani owayefakwe enyameni, wazalelwa ekhoneni elikude lombuso omkhulu wamaRoma.

UNkulunkulu ubaba uphazamisa umhlaba kusukela ekuqaleni ngokukhetha ukuzalwa kwendodana yakhe isifundazwe esikude sombuso omkhulu wamaRoma, isifundazwe sasePalestine. Futhi kungukuthi umsindisi owamenyezelwa abaprofethi akazalelwanga endaweni noma ngasiphi isikhathi.

Isizathu saleso sikhathi

UNkulunkulu usinquma ngokunembile isikhathi sokuchuma kweRoma, lapho le mpucuko yakwazi ukuzuza futhi yabusa ubuGreki bamaGreki. Okuholela esambani esikhulu samasiko. Yile ndlela ukuba khona kwesiko lamaGreki kanye namaRoma kuvumela ukuqonda kangcono umlayezo wevangeli lobuKristu, owawuvele uchazwe umvangeli uJohane esahlukweni sokuqala semibhalo yakhe.

Johane 1: 10-14: 10 Wayekhona emhlabeni, futhi umhlaba wenziwa ngaye; kodwa umhlaba kawumazanga. 11 Weza kokwakhe, abakhe abamamukelanga. 12 Kodwa bonke abamamukelayo wabapha amandla okuba babe ngabantwana bakaNkulunkulu, labo abakholwa ebizweni lakhe; 13 abangazalwanga ngegazi, noma ngentando yenyama, noma ngentando yomuntu, kodwa nguNkulunkulu. 14 Lowo Lizwi waba yinyama, wakha phakathi kwethu, sabona inkazimulo yakhe, inkazimulo njengeyozelwe yedwa kuYise, egcwele umusa neqiniso.

Isizathu saleyo ndawo

Nakuba abaprofethi bamemezela uMsindisi othunywe nguNkulunkulu ukuba abe umuntu futhi athathe isikhundla seNkosi yamaKhosi, iNkosi yamakhosi. Ngokwalokhu, izwe lalingase licabange ukuthi uNkulunkulu wayeyokhetha iRoma eliwubukhazikhazi langaleso sikhathi njengendawo efanelekela ukuzalwa indoda enobukhosi nobunkulunkulu obunjalo. Futhi uma kungenjalo kunoma iyiphi enye yemizi ebalulekile yombuso wangalezo zikhathi. Kodwa lokhu kungukuqanjwa kwezwe kuphela, kodwa hhayi okukaNkulunkulu.

Ngakho-ke uNkulunkulu ukwazile ukudida umhlaba ngokukhetha idolobhana elincane kakhulu elibizwa ngokuthi iBetlehema eliphakathi nendawo yesifunda sasePalestine, elalisetshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi uMbuso WamaRoma.

Mayelana nabaprofethi betestamente elidala leBhayibheli, kungashiwo ukuthi kwakungalabo balingiswa ababenezinga eliphakeme lokuncenga noma ukusondelana okujulile noNkulunkulu. UJehova wasebenzisa abalingiswa baseBhayibhelini njengendlela enegunya yokwazisa u-Israyeli ngeZwi lakhe. Ngiyakumema ukuba ufunde okwengeziwe ngabo esihlokweni esilandelayo, Abaprofethi: Babengobani?, abancane, abakhulu nokunye

Isifundazwe sasePalestine ngezikhathi zikaJesu

Ngasempumalanga yomfula iMedithera kunendawo ezungezile ethelayo, leyo amaRoma ayeseyibiza ngokuthi isifundazwe sasePalestina. Le ndawo kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala yomlando yayiwumzila ovamile owawusetshenziswa amakharavani asuka eGibhithe aya eMesophothamiya, namuhla i-Iraq. Emngceleni wezindawo ezinkulu eziwugwadule eduze kwalo mzila, bona Isithombe esingu-2 ngenhla nesimo sesifundazwe sasePalestina endaweni yaseMedithera ngezansi kusithombe esingu-3.

Isifundazwe sasePalestine, esinezindawo zamachweba avulekile kwezinye izindawo, ezimaphakathi neziwugwadule kwezinye izindawo eziningi, sinesici esikhethekile esisihlukanisayo. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi yizwe uNkulunkulu alithembisa u-Abrahama ngokwakhe.

Inzalo ka-Abrahama ngaleso sikhathi yakha isizwe sakwa-Israyeli. Ngakho-ke amaJuda ayecacile ekuzichazeni njengabantu abakhethwe uNkulunkulu oyedwa weqiniso. UJehova uNkulunkulu owabakhipha eGibhithe eqondiswa uMose, amnikeza umthetho ukuba unikezwe abantu bakhe.

Ethathwe uPompey idolobha laseJerusalema, inhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe sasePalestine, ujenene waseRoma ushiya yonke indawo ngaphansi kweRoma. Ngakho-ke, bonke abantu kwadingeka bakhokhe intela eRoma.

UPompey, ngaphambi kokuhoxa eJerusalema, ushiya umJuda, uHerode Omkhulu, njengegunya lesifundazwe sasePalestina. ISigele SaseRoma samnika isikhundla sokuba yinkosi yakwaJuda, ukuze athole ukwesekwa okuqinile okunikezwe uMarco Antonio.

UHerode Omkhulu

UHerode Omkhulu wayeyinkosi engaphansi, eyayisetshenziswa uMbuso WamaRoma ukuze abuse yonke indawo yasePalestina eyayibuswa iRoma. Wafika ukubusa iPalestine njengenkosi engaphansi kweJudiya, iGalile, iSamariya kanye ne-Idumiya phakathi konyaka 37 BC kanye nonyaka wesi-3. Ukubulawa Kwabangenacala, ngesikhathi uJesu ayezozalwa ngaso, Mathewu 2:13-23. Lo mbusi waseJudiya wayenonya, wayebulala noma ubani owayengafisa isikhundla sakhe. Waze wayalela ukuthi kubulawe amadodana akhe amabili ngoba esaba ukuthi angase akhishwe esikhundleni.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iNkosi yakwaJuda, uHerode Omkhulu, yathuthukisa izakhiwo ezinkulu nezibalulekile kuleyo ndawo. Ngakha idolobha laseKhesariya lasolwandle, ngicabangela ukwakha konke okudingekayo futhi ngokwalokho okwakuphathelene nedolobha lamaGreki langaleso sikhathi. Ngendlela efanayo, wakha itheku elimangalisayo nelibalulekile lalelo dolobha.

UHerode omkhulu ekukhuthazeni kwakhe imisebenzi, impumelelo:

• Yakha kabusha idolobha lasendulo laseSamariya
• Ngakha izinqaba ezinkulu
• Wabuyisela izinqaba ezikhona, wakha kuzo izigodlo eziwubukhazikhazi
• Wakha inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, inkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi kanye ne-hippodrome

Nokho, umsebenzi wokuthweswa umqhele kaHerode Omkhulu wawuwukwakha kabusha ithempeli laseJerusalema. Ukwakhiwa kabusha engikwenzayo ngobukhazikhazi obumangalisayo.

uHerode neSanhedrin

Ngokuqondene nesici esingokwenkolo, uHerode wayishintsha kakhulu iSanhedrini yamaJuda futhi eyayihambisana nesikhundla soMpristi Ophakeme. Isikhundla somPristi Ophakeme ngaphambi kombuso kaHerode sasinesimo sokuphila konke, sazuzwa njengefa futhi wayengummeleli wesizwe. UHerode, ukuze alawule umPristi Ophakeme, wamcindezela lo mlingiswa futhi wasusa lonke ithonya eliphathelene nezombangazwe zamaJuda.

Ngokuqondene neSanhedrin, ngiyayishintsha ukuze ifane nomkhandlu owasungula ubukhosi bamaGreki. Ngakho iSanhedrini yayakhiwe abeluleki benkosi futhi iholwa uHerode.

Lapho uHerode efa

Lapho uJesu esezelwe, umbusi walo lonke elasePalestina, uHerode Omkhulu, uyafa, njengoba iVangeli likaMathewu lisho:

UMathewu 2: 19-2019 Kwathi esefile uHerodi, khangela, ingilosi yeNkosi yabonakala kuJosefa eGibhithe ngephupho, 20 isithi: Vuka, uthathe umntwana lonina, uye elizweni lakoIsrayeli, kulabo ababedinga ukufa kwendodana kufile." ingane.

Lapho uHerode Omkhulu efa, washiya umbuso ohlukene njengefa lesivumelwano. Wahlukanisa indawo yasePalestine yaba kathathu, wanikeza amadodana akhe amathathu futhi akekho owayengabamba isikhundla senkosi, athola ifa:

• I-Arkelawu: iJudiya, iSamariya ne-Idumiya
• I-Philippi: I-Trachonitides ne-Iturea
• uHerode Antipase: eGalile nasePhereya

Lesi yisikhathi lapho umsebenzi kaJesu womlando uqala khona. Izehlakalo zabo ezibalulekile empilweni yeNkosi zenzeka ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezimbili zemephu yasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu: iGalile neJudiya. Izifunda ezimbili ezinemibuso yezombusazwe yohulumeni abazimele, ngasinye sinohlobo lwaso lomyalo ngaphakathi koMbuso WaseRoma.

UMathewu 2: 2221 Wasesukuma, wathatha umntwana lonina, waya elizweni lakoIsrayeli. 22 Kodwa esizwa ukuthi u-Arkelawu uyabusa eJudiya esikhundleni sikayise uHerodi, wesaba ukuya khona; kodwa exwayisiwe ngesambulo ngephupho, waya esifundeni saseGalile, 23 wafika wahlala emzini othiwa iNazaretha, ukuze kugcwaliseke okwashiwo abaprofethi ukuthi uyobizwa ngokuthi umNazaretha.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIdKx1qKaiE

Imephu yasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu - Ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo

Ezikhathini zikaJesu lapho inkathi yobuKristu iqala ngonyaka wokuqala. Abavangeli beTestamente Elisha leBhayibheli benza umehluko ohlangothini olulodwa lweJordani nolunye uhlangothi, isibonelo esingafundwa ku:

Marku 6:4545 Njalo wahle wacindezela abafundi bakhe ukuthi bangene emkhunjini, bamandulele ukuya emkhunjini olunye uhlangothi, eBetsayida, ngenkathi emukisa isixuku.

Ngokusobala uMfula iJordani wakha umugqa ohlukanisa izindawo ezimbili, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo wawuhlukanisa amasiko amabili. Abavangeli, lapho bekhuluma ngakolunye uhlangothi, babhekisela kubantu bezizwe abangewona amaJuda, lendawo namuhla yaziwa ngokuthi iJordani, bheka umfanekiso No.

Ngenkathi isifunda esingasohlangothini lweJordani kwakuhlala impucuko yamaJuda. UJesu wayehlala futhi ehlala endaweni engasentshonalanga yeJordani, namuhla okuyindawo yasePalestina. Indawo ngaleso sikhathi eyayibuswa uMbuso WamaRoma. Nokuthi kuwo wonke umlando ube namagama afana nalawa: Izwe Lesithembiso, iKhanani, iJudiya, iZwe eliNgcwele, njll. Emfanekisweni onguNo. 5 ungabona idolobha laseKapernawume nelaseBhetsayida lihlukaniswe uMfula iJordani.

Nokho, ngonyaka wokuqala wekhulu lokuqala lobuKristu, indawo yasePalestine yahlukaniswa yaba izifunda ezine eziyinhloko:

• IGalilea
• ISamariya
• EJudiya
• ePhereya

Ngalesi sikhathi idolobha laseJerusalema lalingelesifunda esasihlanganisa, ngaphezu kweJudiya, iSamariya. Isifundazwe esatholwa u-Arkelaus. Ngokuqondene nesifunda saseGalile, lapho uJesu achitha ingxenye enkulu yenkonzo yakhe; Yayibuswa nguPhetrarch uHerode Antipase.

Ngakho-ke, zombili izifundazwe zahlukaniswa umbuso wezombangazwe ohlukile, ukuthi ngisho nokusuka kwesinye kuya kwesinye kwakudingekile ukweqa umngcele.

IGalilea

IGalile iyindawo esenyakatho impela ebalazweni lasePalestina ngesikhathi sikaJesu. Lesi sifunda sisukela phansi kweNtaba iHermoni siye eSigodini saseJizreyeli kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu. Ngenkathi isuka empumalanga iye entshonalanga, iqala oLwandle iMedithera iye eMfuleni iJordani oLwandle LwaseGalile noma eChibini laseGenesaretha.

Indawo yaseGalile inomfanekiso wamagquma asenyakatho, alinywa nezivini nezihlahla zeminqumo, ezindaweni zasesigodini kuwumkhuba ukutshala okusanhlamvu okunjengokolweni nebhali. Ngasempumalanga, izwe lincipha emithambekeni lize lifike eChibini elikhulu laseGenesaretha.

Ogwini lwaleli chibi nasezindaweni ezizungezile, ingxenye enkulu yenkonzo kaJesu yasemhlabeni yachithwa. Ikakhulukazi emadolobheni afana nalawa:

eKapernawume

IKapernawume idolobha lapho uPetru no-Andreya ababili babafundi bakaJesu babehlala khona. Nakuba iKapernawume yayingabalulekile kangako njengedolobha, yayingokwenkolo. Njengoba yayinesinye sezizwe zamaJuda ezibaluleke kakhulu eGalile, iyindawo esemngceleni.

IKapernawume nayo yayiseduze nomgwaqo owawuhlanganisa iGalile nendawo eyayibuswa uTetrarch Philip, Traconítide kanye ne-Iturea. Inhloko-dolobha yaleyo ndawo kwakuwumuzi waseBhetsayida, okuqanjwe ngawo emavangelini kaJesu.

Emgwaqweni osemngceleni ohlanganisa iKapernawume neBetsayida kwakunenkonzo yentela nebutho lebutho lamaRoma. Ekuphumeni kweKapernawume ngaseningizimu yedolobha futhi eduze nosebe lweChibi iGenesaretha; udabula izwe elivundile ngenkathi yasentwasahlobo, umngcele wegquma elingakwesokunene sakho. Kuleli zwe kuyindawo lapho ngokwesiko uJesu adlulisela khona iNtshumayelo YaseNtabeni. Phansi kwaleyontaba, isimangaliso sikaJesu sokwandiswa kwezinkwa nezinhlanzi senzeka.

INazaretha

INazaretha lisethafeni elivundile endaweni enezintaba eduze kweChibi laseGenesaretha naseningizimu yeGalile. Edolobheni laseNazaretha, uJesu waphila kwaze kwaba yilapho eqala inkonzo yakhe yasemhlabeni. Ngokufanayo, abanye babafundi bakaJesu babevela eGalile.

AbaseGalile babengabonwa kahle ngamaJuda ashisekayo, ngoba kwase kuyiminyaka bexubana nezizukulwane zakwamanye amazwe ezingezona ezenkolo yamaJuda. Ngakho amaJuda ashisekayo abiza leso sifunda ngokuthi iGalile labeZizwe.

Izici noma okuvelele kwesifunda saseGalile:

Engxenyeni engezansi yeGalile kukhona uLwandle lwaseGalile olwaziwayo noma ichibi laseTiberiya noma iChibi laseGenesaretha. Iyichibi elikhulu elingamakhilomitha angama-21 ubude neziyi-12 ububanzi futhi linokuphakama okungekuhle okungamamitha angama-210 ngaphansi kwezinga lolwandle.

-Ithafa laseGenesaretha laliyisifunda esinamasiko amaningi futhi sinezizwe eziningi, ngenxa yokuvama kwamakharavani adlula eDamaseku aye eKhesariya Filipi.

-EGalile, iNtaba iThabori, eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChibi iGenesaretha, imi ngamamitha angu-588 ngaphezu kwethafa.

-Izindlu ezijwayelekile zabantu basemakhaya esifundeni bezincane futhi zivame ukuba yisiqephu esisodwa.

-IGalile lalibusa umhlaba we-latifundist, abanikazi bawo kungaba inkosi noma umbusi, izihlobo zakhe kanye nabathengisi abacebile.

-Izifiki zaseGalile kwakungamaJuda, ezungezwe izizwe ezingamaqaba. Ngenxa yalokhu babevuleleke kakhudlwana kwamanye amasiko namasiko. UmJuda wakule ndawo wayengenawo umoya wenkolo omncane kunawaseJudiya, mayelana nokugcinwa komthetho.

-AmaJuda esifunda saseJudiya, njengoba ayebambelele kakhulu emthethweni, ayebheka amaJuda aseGalile njengamaqaba. Ngenxa yalokhu ababhali benkolo, abaFarisi nabaSadusi, bamenqaba uJesu nabafundi bakhe.

-Iningi lezakhamuzi zaseGalile lalingabadobi nabalimi ngokohwebo. Kungakho imizekeliso kaJesu eminingi yayigxile ekuphileni kokulima nokudoba. Uyazi ukuthi leMizekeliso iyini? Faka lesi sixhumanisi futhi wazi kangcono imifanekiso kaJesu kanye nencazelo yalo yeBhayibheli. Ngalezi zindaba ezimfushane iNkosi yafundisa abantu nabafundi bayo, ukuze baqonde isigijimi sikaNkulunkulu noMbuso wakhe.

ISamariya

Enyakatho yeJudiya naseningizimu yeGalile ibonakala ebalazweni lasePalestina ngesikhathi sikaJesu ukuya esifundeni saseSamariya. Ngenkathi empumalanga nasentshonalanga iSamariya izungezwe isigodi soMfula iJordani noLwandle iMedithera. Ngalezo zikhathi lesi sifunda sasifakwe phakathi kwendawo ebuswa u-Arkelawu indodana kaHerode Omkhulu. Izintaba ezimaphakathi namagquma aphansi kwakha umnyombo wezakhamuzi noma idolobha laseSamariya. Lesi sigodi esimaphakathi sihlukaniswa nesifunda saseGalile iSigodi sase-Esdraelon, esibizwa nangokuthi u-Yesrael.

Emavangelini kaJesu kuyabonakala ukuthi iNkosi yadabula kanjani indawo yaseSamariya izikhathi eziningana isuka eGalile iya eJerusalema. Lena kwakuyindlela emfushane kakhulu, nokho amaJuda ayigwema. Ngenxa yokuzonda kwakhe abantu baseSamariya ngenxa yezizathu zenkolo nezomlando.

Uhambo oluhamba ngendlela uJesu enza ngayo kule ndlela yezwe elimazombezombe alupheli ngempela, ikakhulukazi emahoreni ashisa kakhulu. Indlela idlula emagqumeni alandelanayo atshalwe izihlahla zomnqumo, izintaba zenhlabathi eyomile kanye nesigodi esisodwa noma esinye esimbozwe izikhwebu zikakolweni. Kuwo wonke lo mzila uhamba ezindleleni eziwumngcingo ezihamba ngezinyathelo ezifinyeleleka kakhulu.

Isigodi sase-Esdraelon

Igama lokuqala lesiGodi sase-Esdrelón, yiThafa LaseJizreyeli noma lakwa-Israeli futhi lingafundwa encwadini yabaHluleli beTestamente Elidala leBhayibheli. Kulamathafa izitha zikaIsrayeli zamisa amatende azo, uGideyoni ayezowanqoba kamuva.

AbaHluleli 6:33+ Kodwa wonke amaMidiyani nama-Amaleki nabasempumalanga babuthana ndawonye, ​​badabula bamisa inkamba endaweni eyodwa. isigodi saseJizreyeli

Igama lesiHeberu elithi Yesrael linencazelo yokuthi "uNkulunkulu wahlwanyela" futhi leli gama laqanjwa ithafa ngomuzi walo onehlelo elifanayo. Kamuva encwadini yesi-2 IziKronike nekaZakariya, iSigodi saseJizreyeli sibizwa ngokuthi insimu noma isigodi saseMegido.

2 IziKronike 35:22: Kodwa uJosiya kazange ahlehle, kodwa waziguqula ukuthi alwe laye, kawalalelanga amazwi kaNeko ayephuma emlonyeni kaNkulunkulu; weza ukuzolwa naye empini insimu yaseMegido.

Zakariya 12:11: Ngalolo suku kuyakuba khona ukukhala okukhulu eJerusalema, njengokukhala kukaHadadrimoni ngasentshonalanga isigodi saseMegido.

Ihlelo leSigodi sase-Esdrelón, ukuhunyushwa kwezinhlamvu nezinhlamvu kusiGrikhi sesiHebheru esithi Yesrael. Isazi-mlando esingumJuda nomFarisi, uFlavius ​​​​Josephus (37 - 100 AD), ubiza leli thafa ngokuthi: Ithafa Elikhulu LaseSamariya. Ithafa elihlukanisa umngcele oseningizimu yeGalile edolobheni lase-Iksal kanye nomkhawulo weNordic waseSanaria edolobheni laseJenin. Yonke indawo ephakathi kwaleyo mizi emibili, iyithafa lase-Esdraelon.

Izici noma okuvelele kwesifunda saseSamariya:

-ISamariya lalihlala abantu bezizwe ezihlukahlukene namasiko ahlukahlukene, ingxubevange phakathi kwama-Asiriya nama-Israyeli.

-Phakathi kwamaJuda ashisekayo kanye namaSamariya kwakukhona inzondo efanayo. Ngoba ngonyaka we-107 ngaphambi kwenkathi yobuKristu; umpristi omkhulu waseJudiya womndeni wakwaHasmonean, uJohn Hyrcanus, uthatha umuzi waseShekemi, inhloko-dolobha yaseSamariya. Ngokuthatha amandla edolobha iHyrcano ibhubhisa ithempeli laseGerizimu.

-Ithempeli laseGerizimu livuselelwa ngonyaka wama-30 a. C., ngokushada nowesifazane waseSamariya.

-Kamuva ngonyaka wesi-6 wesikhathi sikaJesu, amaSamariya alingcolisa kakhulu ithempeli laseJerusalema. Ubutha nenzondo phakathi kwalaba bantu ababili kwaqina nakakhulu.

-Ngenxa yale nzondo enkulu kanye nokuxutshwa kwabantu baseSamariya, amaJuda ayebheka amaSamariya njengabantu abangcolile abagazi labo lalingcoliswe nelabanye abantu bezizwe.

-AmaJuda ayebiza amaSamariya njengabantu abahlubukayo. Ngakho-ke babengenakusebenzelana nabo.

-Ngokwengxenye yabo, abantu baseSamariya babezibheka njengenzalo yangempela yabantwana bakwa-Israyeli. Lesi sixuku yiso esalondoloza imibhalo yesiHeberu yasendulo, ngakho-ke sasizibheka sithembekile eMthethweni nama-Israyeli angempela.

AmaSamariya ayenethempeli lawo siqu eNtabeni iGerizimu futhi awazange abonise ukubaluleka kwethempeli laseJerusalema. Ngendlela efanayo bayiphika inkolo eyayithiwa eJerusalema.

-EVangelini likaJohane libonisa ukuthi uma umJuda ebiza omunye ngomSamariya, kwakuyicala elikhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Yingakho uJesu ethukwa abaholi bamaJuda:

Johane 8: 48: Base bephendula abaJuda, bathi kuye: Asisho kahle yini ukuthi wena ungumSamariya nokuthi unedemoni?

EJudiya

INingizimu yeSamariya iyabonakala ebalazweni lasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu eSifundeni SaseJudiya. Okwakuthi ngalezo zikhathi kwakubuswa indodana kaHerode Omkhulu, u-Arkelawu. Owathi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva ngonyaka wama-26 wenkathi yobuKristu, wasuswa kuhulumeni ngenxa yezithiyo zakhe eziningi. Ukusuka lapho uPontiyu Pilatu uba khona njengombusi waseRoma eJudiya.

IJudiya iyisifunda esiseningizimu yezwe lasePalestine, inomfanekiso wezintaba eziphakeme neziwugwadule. Izintaba ezakha inqwaba engazelelwe futhi evaliwe. IJudiya lizungezwe izingwadule ezinkulu ezinhlangothini zalo ezisempumalanga neziseningizimu. Idolobha lakhona elibaluleke kakhulu inhloko-dolobha iJerusalema, elabona izenzakalo eziningi nezibalulekile ekuphileni kukaJesu ngesikhathi elapha emhlabeni.

EJerusalema

Inhloko-dolobha yaseJudiya iJerusalema, idolobha elingcwele lezimfundiso zenkolo eziyinhloko ezifana nobuJuda, ubuKristu kanye namaSulumane. Isici sezenkolo yiso esenza iJerusalema libe semqoka, ngaphezu kokuhamba kwezentengiselwano liwuhambo olungcwele lwezixuku zabantu abakhangwa yilokho okumelelwa yileli zwe elingcwele.

Ngasempumalanga yomuzi ungathola iNtaba Yeminqumo eduze kwesiGodi saseKidroni. INtaba lapho uJesu ayevame ukuthandaza khona esondelane noyise wasezulwini futhi anikelwa kuyo, eboshwe njengesiboshwa.

Kusukela esikhathini sikaJesu, iJerusalema lalibaluleke kakhulu ekukhulekeleni okungokwenkolo. Ngoba okuwukuphela kwethempeli lamaJuda eliphakathi nendawo yalo. Ngakho wonke amaJuda ezifundeni zebalazwe lasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu athatha uhambo lokuya emzini waseJerusalema. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yayiyisikhungo sokuqeqeshwa kwamaJuda. Ngakho kuwo wonke umlando, iJerusalema liye lahlanganiswa nethempeli lalo elibalulekile nelimangalisayo.

Ezindaweni ezizungezile, emithambekeni nasemagqumeni, izindlu zaseJerusalema lasendulo zinikeza indawo enhle okunzima kakhulu ukuyikhohlwa. INkosi uJesu yayilithanda kakhulu izwe layo nabantu bayo, njengoba kungase kubonakale esikhaleni sayo ngalokho iJerusalema elaliyohlushwa uThithu, umbusi waseRoma, lapho ilibhubhisa ngonyaka wama-70 ngemva kukaKristu.

UMathewu 23: 37-39 Isililo sikaJesu ngeJerusalema: Jerusalema, Jerusalema, muzi obulala abaprofethi, okhanda ngamatshe izithunywa zikaNkulunkulu! Kukangaki ngifuna ukuqoqa abantwana bakho njengesikhukhukazi sivikela amatshwele aso ngaphansi kwamaphiko aso, kodwa awuzange ungivumele. 38 Manje bheka, indlu yakho isishiywe dengwane futhi iyincithakalo. 39 Nokho, ngiqinisile ngithi kini: Anisayikungibona, nize nithi: Ubusisiwe ozayo egameni leNkosi!

Ensimini yaseJudiya kunezinhlobonhlobo zamadolobha noma imizana eyayinendima eyinhloko phakathi nokuphila kukaJesu kwasemhlabeni. Phakathi kwalawa madolobha kukhona okulandelayo:

Belen

Cishe amakhilomitha amahlanu eningizimu yeJerusalema kunomuzi omncane waseBhetlehema. Leli dolobhana lakhiwe izindlu ezihlanganisiwe ezinikeza umbono wokuthi zipendwe eceleni kwegquma. Ngezikhathi zikaJesu izindlu zaseBetlehema zaziphansi kakhulu. Futhi imigede eyakhiwe emagqumeni yayisetshenziswa izifiki njengendawo yokugcina izilimo nezibaya zezilwane. Ikhona kanye kule migede eyayisetshenziswa njengesitebele, okwazalelwa kuso iNkosi yethu uJesu.

Ngaleso sikhathi iBelén yayiyidolobhana elibalulekile lokuhwebelana ngezimbuzi nezimvu. Ngenxa yendawo yayo ekahle phakathi kwezwe elivundile kanye nezindawo eziwugwadule zesifunda saseJudiya. Ngakho abelusi babevame ukuhlala nemihlambi yabo yezimbuzi nezimvu ngaphandle kwaseBhetlehema

Umuzi waseBetlehema nawo ubizwa ngamaJuda ngokuthi umuzi kaDavide, ngoba kulapho uSamuweli amgcoba khona njengenkosi egameni likaNkulunkulu. Ngendlela efanayo naseTestamenteni elidala kumenyezelwa abaprofethi ukuthi uMesiya wayeyozalelwa eBhetlehema, umsindisi othunywe nguNkulunkulu.

Mika 5:2: Kuzovela umbusi eBetlehema. 2 Kodwa wena, Betlehema Efratha, umzana omncane phakathi kwabo bonke abantu bakoJuda. Nokho, egameni lami, kuzovela umbusi kuwe ka-Israyeli, omvelaphi yakhe ivela phakade.

UJericó

IJeriko, elinye lamadolobha amadala kunawo wonke emhlabeni, lisesifundeni saseJudiya. Ngokwezinto ezitholwe ngabavubukuli, yidolobha elakhiwa phakathi kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili neziyishumi edlule. Ukuba izakhamuzi zayo zokuqala abantu baseKhanani, inzalo kaKam indodana yomlingiswa waseBhayibhelini uNowa. Le ndawo iyi-oasis enhle enokuphakama okungekuhle okungamamitha angama-250 ngaphansi kwezinga loLwandle iMedithera.

Njengoba i-oasis, izimila ezitholakala lapho ziyachichima, uma ziqhathaniswa nezindawo eziwugwadule endaweni yasePalestine. IJeriko igcwele amasundu kanye nenani elikhulu lezihlahla ezinamaqabunga. Ngendlela efanayo, ama-roses nazo zonke izinhlobo zezimbali ziyatshalwa kuleli dolobha.

Indlela esuka eJeriko eya eJerusalema ingenye yezindlela ezimatasa kakhulu kwaJuda, futhi iyakhandla futhi. Njengoba ibanga elingamakhilomitha angamashumi amathathu elikhona phakathi kwamadolobha amabili, iningi lawo lidabula ogwadule lwaseJudiya. Kanye nomehluko wokuphakama okhona phakathi kweJeriko neJerusalema, elingaphezu kwamamitha ayinkulungwane ukuphakama. Ngakho-ke, ukuhamba lo mzila kudingekile ukunqoba lo mehluko wokuphakama phakathi kokukhuphuka nokwehla kuye ngendlela yokuwela.

Namuhla iJeriko itholakala phakathi noWest Bank, eduze kakhulu noMfula iJordani futhi ngaphakathi kwendawo yasePalestine. Idolobha laseJeriko kukhulunywa ngalo izikhathi eziningana ezincwadini zeBhayibheli. Okuvelayo kuyo indaba yokuwa kwezindonga zaseJeriko encwadini kaJoshuwa;

Joshuwa 6:20: Lapho abantu bezwa ukukhala kwezimpondo zenqama, bamemeza ngamandla abo onke. Kungazelelwe, izindonga zaseJeriko zabhidlika, ama-Israyeli avele ahlasela umuzi awuthatha.

IBhethaniya

Cishe ifika edolobheni laseJerusalema, eliqhele ngamakhilomitha amathathu nje kuphela, kunedolobhana laseBetania, elakhiwe ngaphansi kweNtaba Yeminqumo. Kulo mzana omncane kunemithombo yokuqala yamanzi nomthunzi wokuqala oqabulayo wezihlahla, ngemva kohambo oluya eJerusalema. Abanye abangani bakaJesu babehlala eBetania, izelamani ezintathu uLázaro, uMarta noMaría.

ULuka 10: 38-42 UJesu uvakashela oMarta noMariya: 38 Phakathi nohambo lokuya eJerusalema, uJesu nabafundi bakhe bafika emzaneni othile lapho owesifazane ogama lakhe linguMarta ebamukela endlini yakhe. 39 Udadewabo uMariya wahlala ngasezinyaweni zeNkosi ukuze ezwe imfundiso yayo.

Johane 11: 4-6: Lapho uJesu ezwa lezi zindaba, wathi: “Ukugula kukaLazaru ngeke kugcine ngokufa. Kunalokho, kwenzeka ngenjongo yenkazimulo kaNkulunkulu, ukuze iNdodana kaNkulunkulu ithole inkazimulo ngenxa yalokho.” 5 Nakuba UJesu wayebathanda oMarta, uMariya noLazaru, 6 wahlala lapho akhona ezinye izinsuku ezimbili.

INtaba Yeminqumo ihlukanisa iBhethaniya neJerusalema. Usuka eBethaniya ubheke eJerusalema, uwela indlela enemikhiwane emaceleni, bese ukhuphuka isiqongo lapho uthola khona isithombe esihle sedolobha laseJerusalema, isiGodi saseKidroni kanye neNsimi yaseGetsemane lapho iminqumo yasendulo. Ngendlela efanayo ungabona ithempeli elakhiwe lapho nama-esplanade alo amakhulu nezinye izakhiwo.

Emawusi

I-Emawusi kwakuyidolobhana lasendulo phakathi kwemephu yasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu. Njengamanje, endaweni lapho idolobhana lase-Emawusi lalikhona, inani labantu base-Imuas liphakathi kwamakhilomitha ayishumi nanye neshumi nambili ukusuka edolobheni laseJerusalema. Umuzi wasendulo wase-Emawusi ubizwa ngeVangeli likaLuka 24: 13-35, lapho uJesu ovusiwe ebonakala kubalandeli bakhe ababili:

ULuka 24: 13-15 Endleleni eya e-Emawuse: 13 Ngalo lolo suku ababili babafundi bakaJesu babesendleleni eya e-Emawuse, okucishe kube amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa ukusuka eJerusalema. 14 Njengoba behamba baxoxa ngezinto ezenzekileyo. 15 Kwathi besakhuluma bekhuluma, uJesu uqobo wabonakala ehamba labo; 16 kodwa uNkulunkulu wabavimbela ukuthi bangamazi.

Izici noma okuvelele kwesifunda saseJudiya:

-Iyisifunda esinezindawo ezinkulu eziwugwadule futhi inezintaba ezinkulu ezivaliwe nezimangelengele.

-EJudiya ukolweni ulinywa ngamanani amancane, kepha ungumkhiqizi omkhulu weminqumo, amagilebhisi, amadethi, amakhiwane kanye nemidumba.

-Izakhamuzi zaseJudiya ngesikhathi sikaJesu zaziphuma kubantu abampofu. Uhlobo lwabo lokudla lwaluhlanganisa ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi nenyama encane kakhulu.

-Ngezikhathi zikaJesu cishe yonke imfuyo yayimiselwe imihlatshelo yasethempelini.

-Inhloko-dolobha yaseJudiya, iJerusalema kwakuwumuzi ongcwele wamaJuda, kwakuwumuzi onabantu abambalwa bezentengiselwano, ukubaluleka kwawo kwakungenxa yezizathu zenkolo.

-EJudiya, ikakhulukazi eJerusalema, ithempeli lamaJuda kuphela emhlabeni lalikhona futhi amaJuda ayehamba kulo.

-Ithempeli laseJerusalema laliyisikhungo sokuqeqeshwa kwezenkolo nesizinda seziphathimandla zenkolo zamaJuda eziphakeme kakhulu.

- EJudiya kunamadolobha ahlukahlukene abaluleke kakhulu enkonzweni kaJesu yasemhlabeni

ePhereya

IPeraya kwakuyisifunda ngesikhathi sikaJesu okwathi kanye neGalile kwaba ingxenye yezwe uHerode Antipase ayelizuza kuyise. Owayibusa njengetetrarch kwaze kwaba unyaka wama-39 emva kukaKristu. Lesi sifunda singabonakala ebalazweni lasePalestina ngesikhathi sikaJesu ngasempumalanga yoMfula iJordani, izifunda zaseSamariya naseJudiya zingomakhelwane ngaphesheya koMfula. Ihlelo lasePhereya livela ekubeni iZwe elingaphesheya, njengoba lalikude kakhulu nombuso wakwaJuda nenkosi yawo uHerode Omkhulu. Namuhla insimu eyayibizwa ngokuthi iPhereya ibizwa ngokuthi iJordani.

IPhereya kwakuyindawo yamaKhanani kuze kube ngu-1400 BC. Kamuva walulama kubantwana bakwa-Amoni ngo-1300 BC, ngaphansi kwenkosi yaseKhanani uSihoni waseHesboni. Ngemva kweminyaka eyikhulu lendawo yabuswa umbuso wakwa-Israyeli kwaze kwaba maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX, lapho abakwa-Amoni bedla izwe lasePhereya.

Emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva, ngonyaka ka-160 BC, inhlangano yamaJuda yamaMaccabees yathatha lendawo kwaze kwaba yilapho kumiswa ukubusa koMbuso WamaRoma kuzo zonke izifunda zaseMedithera. IPeraya yaba yisizinda saseRoma ngo-63 BC. Imizi emikhulu yesifunda sasePhereya kwakuyi-Amathusi neBhetharamfutha, futhi umkhawulo wayo wawuyimingcele yawo:

• Enyakatho: Idolobha lasePella esifundeni saseDekapholi
• EMpumalanga: Amadolobha aseGerasa naseFiladelfiya esifundeni saseDekapholi
• Eningizimu: Isifunda sakwaMowabi
• Entshonalanga: Umfula iJordani

Imodeli yeThempeli laseJerusalema kusukela esikhathini sikaHerode (ikhulu lokuqala BC - ngekhulu lokuqala AD), e-Israel Museum.

Uhlobo lukahulumeni ebalazweni lasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu

Ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaJesu ngonyaka wama-63 wesikhathi sasendulo, ujenene wamaRoma uPompey Omkhulu noma uPompey Omkhulu, uthatha idolobha laseJerusalema. Ngaleyondlela enqoba iPalestine embusweni. UHerode omkhulu owayekade engumbusi waseGalile wenza uMarku Antony amqambe nomfowabo ngokuthi oTetrarchs of Palestine ngonyaka ka-41. Ngoba ngaleso sikhathi uMarku Antony wayephethe ingxenye esempumalanga yombuso.

Ukuze alawule izindawo ezincane zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi, amaRoma ayesebenzisa amakhosi angaphansi kwawo. UHerode Omkhulu wayengomunye walawo madoda ayesetshenziswa amaRoma. ISigele SamaRoma siqoka uHerode Omkhulu njengenkosi yakwaJuda, ebusa lonke iPalestine kusukela ngo-37 BC, nakuba abanye ababhali bethi kwakungo-39 AD. UHerode wayengowakwa-Edomi, kodwa uyise wayesephendukele ebuJudeni UmJuda.

Ngonyaka ka-31 ngaphambi kukaKristu, u-Octavio Augustus engumbusi waseRoma, uHerode uyakwazi ukwenza umbusi omusha amgunyaze njengenkosi yakwaJuda. Ngemva nje kokuzalwa kukaJesu, uHerode uyafa, eshiya amadodana akhe amathathu enegunya lokubusa umbuso wakwaJuda. Umbuso owawuhlukaniswe iRoma waba yizifunda, ngaleyo ndlela uguqula uhulumeni wasePalestine waba umbuso ophethe izindlalifa zikaHerode:

• U-Arkelaus: Ubusa iJudiya, iSamariya kanye ne-Idumiya, phakathi kweminyaka yesi-4 no-6 yesikhathi sikaJesu. Lombusi uyaxoshwa futhi esikhundleni sakhe kube ababusi bamaRoma, uPontiyu Pilatu wayengomunye wabo phakathi neminyaka engama-26 no-37 ngemva kukaKristu.
• UFiliphu: Wabusa iTraconítis ne-Iturea phakathi neminyaka engu-4 no-34 ngemva kukaKristu
• UHerode Antipase: Wabusa eGalile nasePhereya phakathi kuka-4 no-39 AD

Izinqubomgomo zaseRoma kuHulumeni wasePalestine

Ngesikhathi uJesu ezalwa, iRoma ibuswa uMbusi u-Octavio Augusto. Ohlala esikhundleni kuze kube unyaka we-14 wenkathi yobuKristu. Ngesikhathi sesenzakalo sokufa nokuvuka kukaJesu, iRoma ibuswa uTiberiyu. Ophethe isikhundla soMbusi waseRoma kusukela ngonyaka we-14 kuya ku-37 ngemva kukaKristu. Ezinye zezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni waseRoma ePalestine yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Ivumela amasiko endawo ukuba agcinwe.
• Izinqumo zenqubomgomo yangaphandle zigodliwe
• Ilawula uhlobo lwemali, imigwaqo futhi ifuna ukukhokhwa kwezintela eziphezulu.
• Isebenzisa iziphathimandla zendawo ezingaphansi futhi ezithembekile embusweni ukusebenzisa ipolitiki yangaphakathi
• Ivumela ubulungisa obuvamile ukuba bulawulwe yiSanhedrini nomPristi Ophakeme. ISanhedrin yayiwuhlobo oluthile lomkhandlu wamaJuda wezazi. Eyayengamele umPristi Omkhulu nabaholi bamaJuda noma orabi. Lena kwakuyinkantolo futhi uMpristi Ophakeme wayesebenza njengomahluleli.
• Umbusi waseRoma kuphela owayenegunya lokukhipha isigwebo sentambo.

-UMbusi waseRoma wayenendawo yakhe yokuhlala edolobheni laseKhesariya. Wayeya eJerusalema ngezikhathi ezikhethekile kuphela. Ngesikhathi ehlala enhloko-dolobha yaseJudiya wayehlala enqabeni yezempi eyaziwa ngokuthi iTorre Antonia, esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeThempeli laseJerusalema.

Ukukhulekela okungokwenkolo ebalazweni lasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu

Inkolo eyayidlangile ezindaweni zebalazwe lasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu kwakungeyamaJuda. Lena kwakuyinkolo lapho abesilisa kuphela ababethatha izindima ezibalulekile. Ngisho nangaphakathi ethempelini nasesinagogeni, abesifazane kwakumelwe bahlale behlukanisiwe namadoda, beza ukuze babambe izindawo eziphakeme esinagogeni.

Kwakuwumphakathi wenkolo wezinzalamizi ngokuphelele, inkolo yayingagujwa kuphela uma kwakukhona okungenani amadoda angamaJuda ayi-10. Noma ngabe abesifazane bakwazile ukweqa lesi sibalo.

Amadoda angamaJuda avela ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zasePalestine kwakudingeka athathe uhambo lokuya ethempelini eJerusalema phakathi nemikhosi yamaJuda. Nakuba kwakungaphoqelekile ukuthi abantu besifazane baye ohambweni olungcwele, babekwenza lokho kuphela uma befuna.

Kubo bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane kwakuyimpoqo ukuhambisana nomthetho weTorah owanikezwa uNkulunkulu kuMose ukuze ugcwaliseke abantu bamaJuda. Igunya lamaJuda elaliqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa komthetho weTorah laliphethe iSanhedrini.

ISanhedrin

ISanhedrin yayiwuhlobo oluthile loMkhandlu noma iCabildo futhi yayiyinhlangano eyayinegunya phakathi kwenkolo yamaJuda. Le Sanhedrini yayakhiwe amalungu angu-71, ayenganyelwe umPristi Omkhulu.

Wonke amalungu eSanhedrin ayehlezi endaweni eyindilinga, kukhona umPristi Omkhulu emi phakathi kwawo. Ngaphandle kwamalungu angu-71, kwakunamaJuda amabili ayekhonza njengababhali emkhandlwini. Eyayibhala amaphuzu ehlezi ezitulweni phambi kwendilinga eyakhiwe amalungu eSanhedrin.

Iningi lamalungu eSanhedrini lalivela eqenjini lenkolo labaSadusi. Leli qembu lalingabaphristi, becebile futhi benamandla amakhulu phakathi komphakathi wamaJuda. Amanye amalungu ayengamalungu eqembu lenkolo labaFarisi.

ISanhedrini yayikhipha ubulungisa ngokomthetho wamaJuda weTorah, inegunya kukho konke okuhlobene nomkhuba ongokwenkolo nokukhulekela, kanye nakho konke okusekelwe emthethweni wamaJuda. Ngakho-ke iSanhedrin yayinamandla okwahlulela, ukujezisa nokubopha. Nokho, uhulumeni waseRoma wanquma ukuthi igunya lamaRoma kuphela elalingakhipha isigwebo sentambo noma isigwebo.

UmPristi Ophakeme

Umpristi ophakeme wayenegunya eliphakeme kunawo wonke ethempelini futhi enesikhundla sokuba umongameli weSanhedrini. Lelo gunya lamnika injabulo yokuba namandla nesikhundla esihle kakhulu ngokwezomnotho.” Abapristi abakhulu babekhethwa eqenjini lenkolo noma iqembu labaSadusi. Babambisana negunya lamaRoma.

Isikhundla somPristi oMkhulu sagcina isimo saso impilo yonke kwaze kwaba sekufikeni uHerode Omkhulu njengenkosi yakwaJuda. Ngenkathi iRoma imisa ababusi bamaRoma ePalestine, babenamandla okuqoka nokuxosha abaPristi Abaphakeme ngesikhathi ababefuna ngaso. Ngezikhathi zikaJesu, iSanhedrin yayingaphansi kwamandla abaPristi Abaphakeme ababili, laba kwakuyilaba:

• UAnase: kusukela ngonyaka wesi-6 kuya onyakeni we-15 wenkathi yobuKristu
• UKayafase: kusukela ngonyaka ka-16 kuya ku-37 ngemva kukaKristu. Lomphristi ophakeme wayengumkhwenyana kamanduleli wakhe futhi nguye futhi owamangalela uJesu phambi koMbusi waseRoma uPontiyu Pilatu.

Johane 18: 28-31 UJesu phambi kukaPilatu: 28 Basebemthatha uJesu endlini kaKayafase bamusa endlini yoMbusi. Kwasekusile, kabangenanga endlini yombusi ukuze bangazingcolisi, ukuze bakwazi ukudla iPhasika. 29 Khona uPilatu waphuma waya kubo, wathi kubo: Limbeka cala lini lumuntu? 30 Basebephendula bathi kuye: Uba lo ubengeyisigebengu, nga singamnikelanga kuwe. 31 UPilatu wasesithi kubo: Mthatheni lina, limahlulele ngokomlayo wenu. Athi-ke abaJuda kuye: Kakuvunyelwe kithi ukubulala umuntu;

Imephu yasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu namaqembu enkolo

Abantu ababehlala ezifundeni zebalazwe lasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu babevela emiphakathini ehlukahlukene. Nokho, iningi lalingokwenkolo, liqokomisa inkolo yamaJuda, ikakhulukazi izakhamuzi zaseJudiya naseGalile. Ngokuqondene nezakhamuzi zaseSamariya, zazizibheka njengamaJuda ngokwengxenye enkulu, nakuba kumaJuda esifunda saseJudiya ayengamaqaba.

AmaJuda ayezibheka njengesizwe esikhethekile, isizwe esingcwele, ngoba uNkulunkulu wayesenze isivumelwano nawo ngomthetho kaMose. Kodwa ngesikhathi sikaJesu kwase kunamaqembu noma imiphakathi ehlukene yenkolo. Lapho iqembu ngalinye kulawa linencazelo yalo yendlela okufanele baphile ngayo, incazelo yalo yomthetho kanjalo nokwethembeka kwalo kuNkulunkulu.

Amaqembu noma imiphakathi eyayibaluleke kakhulu kulamaqembu enkolo yamaJuda kwakungabaFarisi, abaSadusi, ama-Essene namaSamariya. Ngisho nasemavangelini okuphila kukaJesu, ubudlelwano babanye babo neNkosi kanye nokuphambana kwabo ezingxenyeni ezithile zezimfundiso ezithile zalowo nalowo kuyakhulunywa.

UMathewu 23: 1-4: 1 Khona uJesu wakhuluma ezixukwini nakubafundi bakhe, wathi: 2 Hlalani esihlalweni sikaMose ababhali labaFarisi. 3 Ngakho konke abakutshela khona ukuthi ukugcine, kugcine, ukwenze; kodwa ningenzi njengemisebenzi yabo, ngokuba bayakhuluma, bangenzi. 4 Ngokuba babopha imithwalo enzima nenzima, bayibeke emahlombe abantu; kodwa abafuni nokubanyakazisa ngomunwe.

UMathewu 16: 11-12:11 Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi ningaqondi ukuthi bekungengenxa yesinkwa ukuthi nginitshele ukuthi niqaphele imvubelo? labaFarisi labaSadusi? 12 Khona baqonda ukuthi wayengashongo kubo ukuthi baxwaye imvubelo yesinkwa, kodwa isifundiso sabaFarisi nabaSadusi.

Ngaphezu kwamaqembu ashiwo ngenhla, kwakunezinhlangano zezenkolo ezifana nalezi: abadala, abapristi, ababhali namaZealot.

AbaSadusi

Ngaphakathi kweqembu lomphakathi ngezikhathi zikaJesu ababebizwa ngokuthi abaSadusi kukhona abalingiswa abathile ababephuma ohlwini lozalo lwesizwe sakwaLevi. Futhi babeyinzalo yegatsha lobupristi lamadodana ka-Aroni ngokukhethekile. Kuhlanganisa nompristi ophakeme okungenzeka wayengowokuqala, okwakungaba uZadoki.

Kusuka lapho lapho kususelwa khona ihlelo lawo, okwakungamaSadusi okokuqala, lidlula kumaSaducayan, kwaze kwaba yilapho lizichaza ngokwalo njengabaSadusi. Leli qembu lezenhlalo nezenkolo laligxile ekugcwaliseni umthetho weTorah. Ikakhulukazi kulokho okuhlobene nemihlatshelo, echazwe emibhalweni yeBhayibheli ka-Eksodusi, uLevitikusi kanye nezinombolo.

Kubo yilokho okwakufanele bakufeze, ababefanele bakwenze, kwakungukukhonza uNkulunkulu. Ukungcwelisa, ukubonakalisa ukungcweliswa kwabantu bakwa-Israyeli ngaleyo mihlatshelo yaphakade, iminikelo yokushiswa nakho konke okuzungeze ithempeli.

Ngoba abaSadusi babeqhuba inkolo yobuJuda ngokuyinhloko yonke into ezungeza ithempeli. Kwabenza baba abavikeli bokuzinza kwezenhlalo ezingokwenkolo ngakho-ke babevame ukuzwana kakhulu neziphathimandla zombuso. Nakuba abaSadusi babengazwani kahle noHerode Omkhulu, babezwana kakhulu namaRoma ewonke. Ngendlela efanayo bakwenza ngokwengxenye nomphakathi wamaGreki, amaGreki.

KubaSadusi, beqaphela kakhulu ukufeza konke okwakusho imihlatshelo; yonke ingxenye yokuphila yamaJuda ayizange ibanike ukubaluleka okungako. Ngamanye amazwi, babebheka izambulo ezanikezwa ngabaphrofethi kanye nayo yonke imibhalo engcwele njengezehlelo lwesibili. Ngakho-ke bagxila kulokho okwakulotshwe encwadini yokuqala kaMose, kuncane okwashiwo ngeziprofetho.

abaFarisi

Ngokuqondene nabaFarisi, babeyiqakathekisa kakhulu imicikilisho yokuhlanzeka kokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ngisho nalezo okwakumelwe zenziwe ngaphandle kwethempeli, ikakhulukazi ukugeza ngamanzi, ngakho-ke kubo ukugeza izandla ngaphambi kokudla kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Kule ndaba, laba balingisi bangatholakala emavangelini aphikisana noJesu nabafundi bakhe. Ngenxa yokuthi ngokusobala babengabanikezi ukubaluleka okufanayo, bathi kuJesu nabafundi bakhe zonke lezi zinto zokuhlanzwa zaziwubala ngaso sonke isikhathi.

KubaFarisi kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukulalela umthetho kaNkulunkulu, iTorah. Konke okulotshwe ezincwadini zokuqala zokubhala kwakufanele kugcwaliseke ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, banikeza ukuqina ngokweqile kukho konke okuchazwe lapho mayelana nokuhlanzwa. Eqinisweni, ngokwemfundiso yenkolo, okuthile okwakuphawula abaFarisi kwakuyisimilo esingcwele ababesinika umthetho weTorah. Banikeza cishe izinga lobunkulunkulu.

Ngokuba abaFarisi, into yokuqala uNkulunkulu ayidalayo, ngaphambi kokudalwa komhlaba, umthetho weTorah. Nokuthi lomthetho ngendlela ethile usebenza njengesisefo uNkulunkulu enza ngaso ukudalwa komhlaba. Ngakho, sonke isizathu seTorah sigxivizwe kuzo zonke izinto ezidalwe uNkulunkulu.

Esinye isici ezinkolelweni noma ezimfundisweni zabaFarisi siwukukholelwa ngendlela ethile ohlotsheni oluthile lokuphila ngemva kokufa nokwahlulelwa uNkulunkulu. Lapho ezovuza noma ajezise imisebenzi yomuntu ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, abaFarisi babenombono wokuthi ezulwini uNkulunkulu ugcina imisebenzi emihle yomuntu ngamunye. Ukuze ekugcineni abale abantu ababengcono futhi abanezenzo ezinhle kunezenzo ezimbi.

AbaFarisi, ubuhlobo babo nabantu baseRoma kanye neziphathimandla

AbaFarisi babenethonya elikhulu phakathi kwabantu bezifunda zebalazwe lasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu. Abantu babekuthanda ukufunda kwabaFarisi, ngakho ngaleso sikhathi ababhali babevame ukuba ngabaFarisi. Mayelana nokuziphatha kwabo lapho bebhekene nezimo zezombangazwe lapho indawo yasePalestine yayihlala ngaleso sikhathi, kwaba khona ukuhlukana okuthile phakathi kwabo. Ngoba iningi labaFarisi lalicabanga ukuthi ubukhosi obuphelele bungokukaNkulunkulu. Futhi ukuthi kwakungekho ukuphazamiseka okuthile, ukuthi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke uhulumeni angaqhutshwa ezinye iziphathimandla, noma zingewona amaJuda. Inqobo nje uma lezi ziphathimandla zazibekezelelana phambi komthetho kaNkulunkulu. Ngesikhathi sikaJesu abaFarisi babenobudlelwane obuvulekile uma kuqhathaniswa bokusebenzelana neziphathimandla zamaRoma.

ama-essene

Ama-Essene ayeyiqembu lenkolo elaliphila ukuphila kwezindela, elalihlala edolobheni laseQumran ngasogwini loLwandle Olufile. Ayekholelwa kulokho okwamenyezelwa abaprofethi futhi ayelindele izinhlobo ezimbili zomesiya, omunye wezombangazwe nolunye ongokwenkolo. Ubani owayezofika ezobuyisela ubulungisa emhlabeni, ahlenge isono futhi abuyisele umbuso wakwa-Israyeli.

Izincwadi ezatholakala oLwandle Olufile eduze kwaseQumran zikhuluma ngamasiko nezinkolelo zaleli qembu lenkolo. Okuthile okubalulekile kuma-Essene ikakhulukazi ukuhlukana kwawo nobupristi basethempelini. Ngoba laba babecabanga ukuthi ubupristi babonakele ngesikhathi sokubusa kwamaHasmonean. Ngakho-ke benza inkolo engafaneleki ababengakwazi ukubuthanela kuyo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-Essene ahlukana nobupristi bethempeli futhi aya ogwadule, ukuze angazingcolisi ngabantu abavamile ngobudlelwano bezentengiselwano.

Ngakho ama-Essene akulondoloza lokhu kuhlukaniswa nezwe langaphandle ukuze angonakalisi ukuhlanzeka okungokwesiko ayefuna ukukuthola ngisho nasemininingwaneni emincane nejulile. Futhi ngokugqabula zonke izibopho nethempeli laseJerusalema, ama-Essene azibheka njengethempeli elingokomoya neliphilayo; kuze kufike isikhathi sokwakhiwa kabusha nokubuyiselwa kokukhulekela okumsulwa nokusemthethweni.

AmaZealot

Nakuba abaFarisi babeyiqembu elibambisene negunya lamaRoma, kwakunomunye umphakathi wamaJuda owawucabanga ukuthi lokhu kubambisana kwakungeke kwenzeke nganoma iyiphi indlela nombuso owawungamfanele uIsrayeli. Iqembu elalinale mibono kwakungamaZealot. Eyaqala ukwakheka ngenxa yokubusa kwamaRoma futhi yavela emphakathini wabaFarisi.

Ngakho-ke, amaZealot ayeyiqembu lamadoda avela kubaFarisi, ayecabanga ukuthi ayengenakuvunyelwa ukusebenzisa ubukhosi kuleyo mibuso eyayingakwazi ukuqaphela ubukhosi obuphelele nobuphelele bukaNkulunkulu oyedwa, uNkulunkulu ka-Israyeli. Njengoba umbuso wombuso wamaRoma wawudlula, amaZealot aqhubeka eqina kakhulu esikhundleni sawo. Babeqiniseka ukuthi umbuso kaNkulunkulu wawuyolethwa ngokoqobo ngesenzo seNkosi uqobo. Nokuthi kwakudingeka babambisane neNkosi ukuze bahlanganyele emzabalazweni wezikhali, njengoba abantu bamaJuda basendulo babejwayele ukwenza.

Ngale ndlela, inhlangano evukelayo nevukela iziphathimandla zaseRoma yondliwa kumaZealot. AmaZealot ekuqaleni kokubuswa kwamaRoma ayenabathile abalandeli phakathi kwabantu bendawo. Kodwa njengoba isikhathi sihamba, izimo zokuphila zabantu bendawo zabonakele. Ukuba nendlala eningi, ukukhokha izintela eziphakeme kakhulu, isimo esingesihle sezolimo nesokuhweba. Ngakho abathengisi basesifundeni saseGalile bahlanganyela neqembu lamaZealot, kanye nabanye ababenozwela. LamaZealot afika ekulweni neziphathimandla zamaRoma ngesikhathi sikaJesu. Ngisho neminyaka embalwa kamuva bakwazi ukusungula ukuvukela iRoma ngaphambi nje konyaka wama-70 ngemva kukaKristu.

AmaSamariya ebalazweni lasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu

Ngemva kokuwa kombuso wasenyakatho ngesikhathi samakhosi ase-Asiriya phakathi kwekhulu lesishiyagalombili nelesikhombisa BC. Izizwe zakwa-Israyeli zombuso wasenyakatho zidingiswa ukuze ziyohlala ekudingisweni esifundeni saseNineve. Lezi yizizwe zakwa-Israyeli umlando ocabanga ukuthi zilahlekile futhi yizona ezibonakala zigcwele yonke indawo yombuso wasenyakatho lapho ziphuma ekudingisweni. Ngokuyisisekelo indawo yesifunda saseSamariya. I-repopulation eyenziwa nabantu bemvelaphi ehlukene, exutshwe phakathi kwabo.

Ekupheleni kokuthunjwa kwamaJuda eBabiloni futhi ebuyela eJerusalema, aqala ukuvuselela ithempeli. Izakhamuzi ezaphinde zagcwala indawo yaseSamariya ziya eJerusalema futhi ziyosiza amaJuda. Kodwa amaJuda asanda kufika evela ekudingisweni abheka amaSamariya njengabezizwe noma amaqaba. Ngakho bayaludelela usizo, bebatshela ukuthi abafuni lutho oluvela kubo, abafuni ukuzihlanganisa nabo. Kungale ndlela-ke ukuqhelelana, ukwehlukana kanye nokudelela amaJuda namaSamariya ayoba nakho.

Ithempeli laseGuerizin

Njengoba iminyaka yayidlula futhi ngenxa yeqiniso lokuthi amaJuda ayengawavumeli amaSamariya ukuba asondele ethempelini laseJerusalema. AmaSamariya akha ithempeli elincane ezizungeze iNtaba iGerizini.

Kamuva cishe ngekhulu lokuqala ngaphambi kukaKristu, umpristi omkhulu waseJudiya uJuan Hircano ubhidliza ithempeli laseGerizín. Ngaleli qiniso ukuzonda phakathi kwamaSamariya namaJuda kuba kukhulu.

Lapho amaSamariya ezithola engenalo ithempeli, aqhubeka enza imicikilisho yawo endaweni ezungezile ezungeze iNtaba iGerizín futhi awazange awabheke kahle amaJuda ayedabula ezweni lawo. Ngesikhathi besohlangothini lwamaJuda benza ngendlela efanayo namaSamariya, bewabheka njengamaqaba futhi engenalwazi ngomthetho weTorah.

Nokho, amaSamariya ayekugcina lokho okwakubizwa ngokuthi iPentateuch YamaSamariya. Yakhiwe ngezincwadi ezinhlanu zomthetho kodwa ngomehluko othize ovela empentekeni yeqiniso kaMose. Ikakhulukazi ngalokho okwashiwo mayelana nokumiswa kwethempeli endaweni eyodwa.

Amakilasi omphakathi ebalazweni lasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu

Ngesikhathi sikaJesu, abantu bezizwe ezimbili ezihlukene babehlala eGalile. Ingxenye enkulu yabantu yayinamasiko amaGreki ayekhuluma isiGreki. Laba bantu babevela esigabeni senhlalo esasihlala ikakhulukazi kwezentengiselwano nezimboni. Ngendlela efanayo bahlala emadolobheni amakhulu njengeSepphoris noma iTiberiya.

Enye ingxenye yabantu baseGalile kwakunamaJuda amaningi asemaphandleni. Laba babekhuluma isi-Aramu futhi behlala ezindlini zasemaphandleni emizaneni noma emadolobheni amancane aseGalile. Ezinye zalezi zindawo zijwayele ukuqanjwa ngamagama evangelini, njengeNazaretha, iKhana lazo lijwayeleke kakhulu kubafundi bevangeli, iNazaretha, iKhana, iChorozaim, njll.

Akucaci kahle emibhalweni yeTestamente Elisha ukuthi kwakukhona ukuxhumana njalo phakathi kwenani labantu besiko lamaGreki kanye namasiko amaJuda ahlala eGalile. Kodwa imibhalo yamavangeli iveza ngokusobala ukuthi uJesu wayeseKapernawume, eKorozayimi, eBetsayida, eKhana, eNazaretha. Zonke lezi zizwe ngendlela efanayo imivubukulo ibonisa ukuthi abantu ababehlala lapho kwakungamaJuda.

Nokho, asikho isiqiniseko esinjalo sokuthi uJesu ubelokhu engaphakathi noma wahlala emadolobheni anabantu abangamaGreki. NjengeKhesariya Filipi, iTire, iCidon, iPtolemaida, iGádara. Kulemizi, iSepphoris igqama kakhulu, ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyidolobha elikhulu elinenani elikhulu labantu, futhi laliwuhambo lwehora ukusuka eNazaretha. Futhi naphezu kwalokhu, akukaze kukhulunywe ngaye kunoma yimaphi amavangeli, noma ukuthi uJesu uke wadlula lapho. Ngokuqondene neminye imizi eyakhiwe amaGreki, emibhalweni kuthiwa, isibonelo, ukuthi uJesu:

• Wayesezigodini zaseKhesariya Filipi
• Waya emikhawulweni yaseTire naseSidoni
• Waqonda ngaseTiberiya naseGadara

Kodwa akukaze kubhalwe ukuthi uJesu wayekuleyo mizi. Lokhu kubonisa isimo sengqondo sikaJesu esisikisela ukuntula ukucabangela kwabantu ngaleso sikhathi mayelana nenani labantu abangamaGreki. Lokhu elikuvezayo wuhlelo oluqhubekayo lokuphatha kweNkosi olwaluzoqala njengoba luqala eTestamenteni Elidala ngabantu bakaNkulunkulu abakhethiwe.

Ngakho-ke, uJesu ukhuluma ngokwakhe kuqala kubantu bakwa-Israyeli, okuyibona abawazi kahle isigijimi sakhe. Ngoba bayakwazi okwatshunyayelwa ngabaphrofethi kanye lezincwadi zomthetho weTorah. Isigaba sesibili somlayezo kaJesu sizoqondana nabaphostoli kanye nebandla lamaKrestu asanda kuzalwa ukuze kufinyelelwe ivangeli kanye nokushunyayelwa kweNkosi yethu uJesu Kristu kubo bonke abanye abantu kanye nawo wonke amanye amasiko.

Owesifazane osebalazweni lasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu

Umphakathi wasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu wawuyinzalamizi ngokuphelele. Leli bekuyisiko elidluliswa kusukela ekuqaleni kwezwe izizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Imizi yayakhiwe imindeni emikhulu, kwazise kwakusemthethweni ukuthi owesilisa abe nabesifazane abangaphezu koyedwa. Ukwazi bonke ndawonye endlini eyodwa nomyeni. Ngakho-ke owesifazane wabamba indima encane uma eqhathaniswa neyowesilisa. Nazi ezinye izici ezibalulekile eziphathelene nabesifazane ngesikhathi uJesu esemhlabeni:

-Uma kubhekiselwa emndenini, kukhulunywe ngendlu kayise walowo mndeni. Njengoba ubaba wayeyiNkosi yomuzi futhi ebhekele impahla yalelo khaya.

-Izizukulwane zabesilisa kuphela ezazingathola ifa lomndeni. Hhayi-ke, amadodakazi anikela kuphela emndenini lokho okuhambisana nelobolo elalikhishwa abayeni kubaba ngesikhathi beshada.

-Abesifazane babekweleta inkosi yabo ngendlela efanayo nesigqila noma ingane engaphansi kweshumi nantathu. Ngakho-ke, lapho engashadile, owesifazane wayezithoba kuyise, lapho eshadile wayezithoba kumyeni wakhe, futhi uma eba umfelokazi kwakumelwe ashade nomfowabo womyeni futhi azithobe kuye. Njengoba kulotshiwe kuDuteronomi 25:5-10.

-Owesifazane wayedalelwe ukungazi, ngaphezu kwalokho wayengakwazi ukuthola imfundo yezenkolo, ngoba ngokwamadoda wayengenawo amandla okuqonda izimfundiso. Ngakho-ke izikole zazingezamadoda kuphela.

-Abesifazane babebhekwa njengabangcolile ngesikhathi sokugeleza kwegazi. Ngaleso sikhathi indoda yayingakwazi ukusondela kubo, nokubathinta. Lapho owesifazane ebeletha, kwadingeka aye ethempelini futhi enze umhlatshelo kuNkulunkulu, ukuze ahlanzwe. Ngokuvumelana nalokho okulotshwe encwadini kaLevitikusi 12, mayelana nokuhlanzwa kwabesifazane ngemva kokubeletha

-Owesifazane akakwazanga ukucela isehlukaniso, lokhu bekungenziwa yindoda kuphela ngokulahla lo wesifazane esidlangalaleni, ifune ukudivosa.

UJesu nowesifazane

UJesu phakathi nenkonzo yakhe yasemhlabeni wayengakhethi buso bamuntu, wayebaphatha bonke ngokulinganayo ngaphandle kokubandlulula ngokobulili futhi bonke abantu babengakwazi ukufinyelela ubizo lwabo lokuvumelanisa uMbuso kaNkulunkulu. Uhlale ekubeke kwacaca ukuthi abantu besifazane kumele baphathwe ngenhlonipho nokucatshangelwa. Lokhu kungabonakala ngokuthi phakathi kwabalandeli bakhe kwakukhona kokubili amadoda nabesifazane.

UJesu wayenowesifazane esikhundleni esifanayo futhi enamalungelo afanayo nesowesilisa. Ngakho-ke, wayephikisa esidlangalaleni imithetho noma amasiko ayengenza abesifazane babukeke njengabantu besigaba sesibili. EBhayibhelini ungathola izindima ezihlukahlukene lapho uJesu ehileleka ekuvikeleni owesifazane, njengalezi:

• Owesifazane ongumSamariya kuJohane 4:4-42
• UMarta noMariya, nobungane babo noJesu kuLuka 10:38-42
• UJesu uthethelela isoni, Luka 7:36-50
• Abesifazane ababekhonza uJesu, Luka 8:1-3
• UJesu uphulukisa owesifazane, Luka 8:43-48

Ithempeli laseJerusalema ebalazweni lasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu

Ithempeli laseJerusalema laliyisakhiwo esibaluleke kakhulu kubantu bamaJuda basePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu. Ngaphakathi kwezindonga zawo kwakugujwa ukukhulekela uJehova, uNkulunkulu oyedwa, uNkulunkulu ka-Israyeli. Ngendlela efanayo ngaphakathi ethempelini laseJerusalema abapristi babeyenza imihlatshelo. Ithempeli laseJerusalema ngokwalo lalimelela ukuba khona kukaNkulunkulu phakathi kwabantu bakhe.

Amadoda angamaJuda azo zonke izifunda zebalazwe lasePalestina ngezikhathi zikaJesu kwakudingeka athathe uhambo lwaminyaka yonke lokuya ethempelini laseJerusalema, ngokuvamile phakathi nomkhosi wePhasika.

Ngesikhathi sikaJesu iSifundazwe SasePalestina sasiwuhlobo olungokwasezulwini ngokuyisisekelo. Njengoba inkolo yayinendima eholayo, abaholi benkolo babejabulela amandla negunya elikhulu phezu kwezinye izinhlangano, naphezu kwabantu bebonke.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwethempeli

KwakunguHerode Omkhulu owafeza umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha iThempeli ngonyaka ka-19 BC, eyinkosi yakwaJuda. Lo msebenzi wokwakha kabusha wenziwa ezisekelweni zethempeli lokuqala elakhiwa amakhosi akwa-Israyeli uDavide nendodana yakhe uSolomoni.

Ithempeli lakhiwe i-esplanade ebanzi enendawo engamamitha angama-480 x 300. Eyayizungezwe udonga olude. Umbusi uHerode wanika ithempeli ubukhazikhazi obukhulu ngokulimboza ngemabula nangegolide, ukuze libonakale lifanelekela amandla kaNkulunkulu. EBhayibhelini, okulandelayo kungafundwa eVangelini likaMarku:

Marku 13:1: Esemuka uJesu ethempelini, omunye wabafundi bakhe wathi kuye: Mfundisi, bheka ukuthi amatshe anjani, nezakhiwo zingaka.

Ithempeli lalinamasango amakhulu, ayisishiyagalolunye esewonke, futhi ayisishiyagalombili kulawo masango ayenamekwe ngegolide nesiliva. Ngendlela efanayo, izinsika zale minyango zazikhazimula ngegolide nesiliva. Umnyango owodwa kuphela owawumbozwe ngamashidi ethusi avela eKorinte. Ukuyinikeza inani eliphakeme kakhulu kunamanye ayisishiyagalombili. Wawubonisa negolide nesiliva kwezinye izingxenye, njengakwamanye amasango, izinti zamakhandlela, izitsha ezingcwele ezazisetshenziswa emihlatshelweni nasezinkonzweni zamaJuda.

Ithempeli elakhiwa kabusha uHerode liyaphangwa futhi liyabhujiswa ngemva kokuwa kweJerusalema ngonyaka ka-70 ngemva kukaKristu, njengoba uJesu ayeyoprofetha phakathi nenkonzo yakhe yasemhlabeni.

Marku 13:2: UJesu waphendula, wathi kuye: Uyazibona lezizakhiwo ezinkulu? Akuyikushiywa itshe phezu kwelinye, elingayikuchithwa.

Amahhovisi ethempelini

Amahhovisi amabili noma amahlelo ayeqhutshwa nsuku zonke ethempelini eJerusalema. Eyokuqala yenziwa ekuseni neyesibili ntambama. Emikhosini ekhethekile yesiko lamaJuda kwenziwa ihhovisi elikhethekile. Phakathi kwale mikhosi noma amaholide amaJuda kungashiwo:

• IPhasika lamaJuda noma iPhasika
• I-Shavuot noma uMkhosi Wezithelo Zokuqala
• Umkhosi Wamadokodo noma weSukkot

Kule mikhosi ukuba khona kwawo wonke abesilisa bamaJuda abangaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi nantathu bekuyimpoqo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, amadoda ayehlala ezindaweni ezikude neJerusalema kwakudingeka aye ePhasikeni lamaJuda.

Ithempeli laliyisikhungo sokufundisa, lapho kwakufundiswa khona isayensi yenkolo, imfundiso yenkolo nobulungisa bamaJuda. Ngezikhathi zikaJesu, wayefundisa ethempelini nasemasinagogeni ahlukahlukene kuleso sifunda. Ukuthi zaziwuhlobo oluthile lwegatsha lethempeli nendawo yokuhlangana yamaJuda ukuze athandazele, kanye nesifundo soMthetho.