I-Atheism: Kuyini?, incazelo, incazelo, nokunye okuningi

El Ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu Kungumthombo wefilosofi ophikisana nenkolelo yokuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona, ngakho-ke iphika ngendlela efanayo ukuba khona kukaKristu. Thola ngezansi ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izimpikiswano kanye nolwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nalo mkhuba.

ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu

Incazelo ejwayelekile kakhulu yokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu yilowo mbono wemibono ophika ubukhona banoma yimuphi unkulunkulu noma uNkulunkulu. Kusho ukuthi le filosofi ilahla noma iyiphi imfundiso yemibono ngokukholelwa kunkulunkulu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu, njengobuKristu, ubuJuda, umSulumane, umBuddha, umHindu, njll. Abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu bayayivikela inkolelo-mbono yokuthi indawo yonke nesintu kuyimikhiqizo yokuqhuma okukhulu, noma ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, okulichitha iqiniso lokuba khona kukaNkulunkulu owadala indawo yonke, ongenela futhi ekuziphendukeleni kwayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi inkolo. Ngamanye amazwi, enye yezimpikiswano ezisetshenziswa abantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu iwukuthi abanakufakazela ukuba khona kukaNkulunkulu olawula umhlaba nendawo yonke.

Ukufaneleka kwabantu abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kwakuyindlela kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo yokuhlanganisa labo bantu ababephika onkulunkulu ababekhulekelwa imiphakathi yabo. Bonke laba bantu baqala ukuvela ngenxa yokunyakaza kwamaqembu angabazayo asungula ukucabanga okungokwesayensi nokucabanga okukhululekile kokugxeka okujulile kwezinkolo.

Ekuqaleni ihlelo elinjalo lalisetshenziswa ngendlela ehlambalazayo amakholwa onkulunkulu. Kodwa kusukela ekuveleni kwenhlangano yezihlakaniphi namasiko eyenzeka ikakhulukazi eJalimane, eFrance naseNgilandi, phakathi nekhulu le-18, elaziwa ngokuthi The Enlightenment, abalandeli bayo baqala ukuzibiza ngokuthi abakholelwa kuNkulunkulu.

Le nhlangano yobuhlakani namasiko yaletha isenzakalo esibalulekile emlandweni esaziwa ngokuthi iNguquko YaseFrance. Ukugqamisa kuyo ikakhulukazi izimiso zayo ezisekelwe ekungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, nalapho kwabekwa khona inqubomgomo eyayivikela ubuntu noma ukucabanga komuntu ngaphezu kwanoma yini enye.

Ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kubhekisela ochungechungeni lwezimpikiswano ezisukela kufilosofi, umlando, ukucatshangelwa kwezenhlalo, ukuntuleka kwe-empiricism noma ukuqinisekiswa kwesayensi, ukuba khona kobubi, ukungakholelwa, phakathi kokunye. Kodwa, nakuba abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu benezici ezifanayo njengokucabanga komuntu nokungabaza, akubona bonke abaphishekela ifilosofi eyodwa, imibono noma ukuziphatha.

Umsuka we-Etymological

I-Atheism iyinkulumo amaqembu abantu abacabanga ngayo noma abazibheka njengabaphika uNkulunkulu. Ngokuqondene negama elithi uNkulunkulu akekho, linomsuka walo we-etymological kumsuka wesiGreki u-αθεοι, ohunyushwa ngokuthi atheoi futhi wahunyushwa ngesiLatini ngokuthi athitheus. Kusukela ku-atheus, isiqalo u-a sisho ngaphandle futhi u-theus sisho unkulunkulu, ngakho igama elithi uNkulunkulu akekho lichaza noma libonisa umuntu ongenankulunkulu.

Ikakhulukazi igama lesiGrikhi elithi αθεοι noma elithi atheoi yileli elitholakala ku-papyrus 46, encwadini kaPawulu eya kwabase-Efesu, esukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-3 emva kukaKristu,

Efesu 2: 12 (RVR 1960): 12 Ngaleso sikhathi naningenaye uKristu, ningahlukanisiwe nokuba yizakhamuzi zakwa-Israyeli, ningabafokazi ezivumelwaneni zesithembiso, ningenathemba nangaphandle. ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu emhlabeni

Eqinisweni, iBhayibheli alikhulumi ngokufanelekile ngokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, kodwa likhuluma ngabantu abangenaye uNkulunkulu.

eGrisi yasendulo

EGrisi yasendulo i-epithet atheoi noma i-a-theos, okubhekiselwa kuyo noma ezwakaliswa ukuthi babengenaye unkulunkulu noma bengenabo onkulunkulu. Kusetshenziswa ethubeni lokuqala njengokufanelekela ukusolwa. Ngekhulu lesihlanu BC, igama elithi a-theos lalibhekisela kubantu ababengabakhulekeli onkulunkulu, ngaleyo ndlela bephika amandla onkulunkulu besiko lamaGreki.

Kamuva, igama lesiGreki elithi ἀσεβής noma asebēs laqala ukusetshenziswa njengencazelo yalabo abahlambalaza ngokungahloniphi onkulunkulu abamisiwe, beqhubeka bekholelwa komunye uNkulunkulu noma abanye onkulunkulu.

Inxusa laseRoma, isazi sefilosofi, umbhali kanye nesikhulumi uCicero (106 - 43 BC) uthatha igama lesiGreki elithi ἀθεότης noma atheotēs aliyise kwelesiLatini elithi uNkulunkulu akekho njengegama elihlobene nomuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu noma ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu.

enkathini yobuKristu

Ngesikhathi sikaJesu, ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kwakubhekisela kulabo ababemelene nezinkolo zonkulunkulu bamaGreki namaRoma. Ngendlela efanayo kwenzeka kulabo ababengakholwa kuNkulunkulu wabantu bakwa-Israyeli, kuzo zonke izimo kwenziwa ngendlela ehlambalazayo noma ehlambalazayo. Ngokumangalisayo, ngesikhathi sikaJesu amaKristu okuqala ayebhekwa njengabangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Kokubili isiko lamaGreki kanye nelamaRoma, lokukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa, uJehova uNkulunkulu, hhayi kubo bonke onkulunkulu bamaGreki kanye/noma baseRoma.

Eqinisweni, ekhulwini lokuqala, amandla ayesetshenziswa uMbuso WamaRoma kulo lonke elasePalestina. Ngoba izakhamuzi kwakudingeka zikhulekele uMbusi waseRoma noma uKhesari ngendlela efanayo nonkulunkulu bazo futhi noma ubani owayengakholwa wayebhekwa njengomuntu ongakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nalezi zinkampani esihlokweni ibalazwe lasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu. Izifunda ezinjengeGalile, uMfula iJordani, iSamariya neJudiya zihlobene nale mephu. Zitholele kuyo izici ezimayelana nenhlangano yezepolitiki, izimfundiso zenkolo, amaqembu omphakathi nokunye okuningi kwalezo zikhathi.

Igama ngesiNgisi

Igama elithi uNkulunkulu akekho lahunyushelwa esiNgisini ngokuthi ongakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu lisuselwa kwelesiFulentshi elithi athée, ukuze lichaze umuntu omelene nokuba khona kukaNkulunkulu noma onkulunkulu. Njengoba nje ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kuvela egameni lesiFulentshi elithi athéisme, elihlobene nokuntula inkolo. Imibhalo egciniwe yomlando yala magama ingatholakala kusukela eminyakeni ephakathi kuka-1566 no-1587 ngemva kukaKristu.

Ngonyaka ka-1534 igama lesiNgisi elithi atheonism lasetshenziswa lihlobene ne-atheonism, kwavela amagama esiNgisi ahlobene kamuva, anjengokuthi:

-Deist ngo-1621, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi deist

-Theist ngo-1662, elihumusha ngokuthi Theist

- I-Deism noma i-deism ngo-1675

-Theism noma i-theism ngo-1678

Isazi sezenkolo esiqhathanisayo nomlobi waseBrithani uKaren Armstrong sithi phakathi kwekhulu le-16 nele-17 igama elithi uNkulunkulu akekho laliyimbangela yempikiswano enkulu, abhala ngayo:

“Igama elithi ‘ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu’ laliyinhlamba. Akekho owayengaphupha ezibiza ngokuthi akakholelwa kuNkulunkulu.

Ngisho naphakathi nekhulu le-17 kwakungesona isizathu sokuthi umuntu angakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Uma ucabanga ukuthi bayahlanya futhi babizwe ngehlazo ngokuthi abakholelwa kuNkulunkulu.

Umsuka wokusetshenziswa kwetemu lokungakholelwa ebukhoneni buka-Atheism njengesimemezelo sombono noma inkolelo, uvela eshumini leminyaka lokugcina lekhulu le-18, elamiswa ngokumelene nezinkolo zika-Abrahama zokukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa.

Ezweni lembulunga yonke lekhulu lama-XNUMX, lalithanda ukwanda kokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, njengegama elisetshenziswa ngokumelene nanoma yimuphi unkulunkulu. Njengoba kuvame kakhulu ezizweni zaseNtshonalanga ukubhekisela ekungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu njengehlelo elibonisa ukungakholelwa kuJehova, uNkulunkulu wenzalamizi u-Abrahama nawo wonke amaKristu.

ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu emlandweni

Ukuze uqonde isihloko esinempikiswano njengokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, kubalulekile ukuya emlandweni. Ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ikhulu lama-XNUMX kwaba ikhulu leminyaka elazuza abalandeli abaningi bokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu. Ikhulu leminyaka elagqama ngokuba inkathi okwatholwa kuyo inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinto ezitholwa yisayensi. Ukwedlula amakhulu eminyaka adlule ngokwesayensi nokumelela ukugxuma okukhulu ngokwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.

Ukungena emlandweni wokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu wukujula emifuleni yefilosofi eyayiyizisekelo noma izimpikiswano, ngaphezu kokukwazi ukuqonda ngokujulile ubunjalo benhliziyo yomuntu.

Inkathi ye-Renaissance

Inkathi yeRenaissance kwakuyinkathi eyayiphila eNtshonalanga Yurophu phakathi kwekhulu leshumi nane neleshumi nesithupha, ngemva kweNkathi Ephakathi kanye nomanduleli wenkathi yesimanje. Igama lokuvuselela kabusha lale nkathi lanikezwa ngekhulu le-XNUMX, ukukhombisa ukuzalwa kabusha kwemibono yesintu, njengokuqinisekisa izici ezithile zesiko lasendulo lamaGreki namaRoma.

Ukumela ngandlela thize ukubuyiswa kwezindinganiso ezithile zesiko lamaGreki namaRoma kanye nokugcinwa komcabango okhululekile nowemvelo womuntu, ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka lapho isimo sengqondo esinesiyalo nesiqinile sasikhona eYurophu yasendulo.

Ngakho-ke, inkathi kuzalwa kabusha eYurophu eyayinezincazelo zenguquko amakhulu amathathu eminyaka futhi imiphumela yayo yazwakala kakhulu enkathini yesimanje, ikakhulukazi ekhulwini lama-XNUMX.

Inkathi yokuchuma kwefilosofi yamaGreki yasala emuva phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi, yaphinde yachuma ngeNkathi Yokuvuselela. Ngalokhu, ubuciko buvela futhi, isiko langalezo zikhathi. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ifilosofi ye-empiricism kanye ne-humanism izalwa kabusha. I-Empiricism isekelwe embonweni wokuthi kungenzeka kuphela ukwazi iqiniso ngokuqiniseka okuphelele ngokusebenzisa isipiliyoni. Ngamanye amazwi, akwenzeki ukukholelwa entweni engabonakali, ezwiwe, enambithwayo noma eqondwe ngemizwa. Ifilosofi ye-empiricism yavela kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi.

Umqondo wobuntu

Kamuva, umqondo wobuntu waqala ukukhuthazwa futhi waba namandla. Umqondo owavikelwa ngokuqinile izazi zefilosofi ezingamaGreki ezinjengo-Epicurus waseSamos, umholi ongumsunguli wama-Epikhuru, no-Aristotle, lowo, njengoPlato, obhekwa njengoyise wefilosofi yaseNtshonalanga.

Lezi zazi zefilosofi ezimbili zamaGreki zathola ukuthi umuntu wayezimele futhi akwazi ukuzimela. Lowo muntu wayedinga nje ukufuna ulwazi ukuze aqonde indawo akuyo nendawo yonke. Imicabango yesiko lesintu lenkathi yeRenaissance yayisekelwe kulezi zinkulumo ezilandelayo:

-Umuntu uyisilinganiso sakho konke

-Ngokuthuthukiswa noma ukuvela komhlaba, umuntu kuphela okwanele

-Umuntu akadingi lutho olungokomoya nhlobo, futhi akadingi ukuphenya kunoma iyiphi imfihlakalo.

-Isintu asikudingi okomoya ukuxazulula izinkinga zaso

-Umuntu uyakwazi ukuhlolisisa ngokwefilosofi imvelaphi yakhe, ubuyena nekusasa lakhe

URené Descartes

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-16, indoda kamuva eyabhekwa njengoyise wefilosofi yanamuhla, uRené Descartes, yazalelwa eFrance. Lesi sazi sefilosofi esingumFulentshi, isazi sezibalo nefiziksi salandela izimfundiso zesikole sezikhathi zamuva nje ze-Aristotelianism kanye nesikole samaGreki namaRoma esasungulwa uZeno waseCitium, uStoicism, kanye nezazi zefilosofi zenkathi ephakathi njengoSaint Augustine.

U-René Descartes, kufilosofi yakhe yemvelo, wayephikisana ngokuqinile nendaba yobunkulunkulu, wabeka ukuthi izenzakalo zemvelo zazibangelwa izimbangela zemishini noma ezizenzekelayo. Ngakho-ke wasiphika isenzo sendalo kaNkulunkulu. Nakuba aqala ezikoleni zefilosofi zangaphambili, uDescartes waqokomisa owakhe umbono ngazo. Ngokwesibonelo, waphikisana nesikole sika-Aristotle ngokuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwezenzakalo ezimbili ezihlukene nezibalulekile kumuntu oyedwa, umphefumulo nomzimba. Inkulumo edume kakhulu kayise wefilosofi yesimanje yayiwukuthi: -Ngiyacabanga, ngakho-ke ngi-. Le ndoda yasungula izimiso zokucabangela kwesimanje zekhulu le-17, ezichazwe kulo mbono olandelayo: Isizathu siwukuphela komthombo wolwazi ngakho-ke sanele ukuxazulula noma iyiphi inkinga yomuntu ehlobene nemvelo nekusasa layo.

Ngakho-ke kulula ukubona ukuthi kusukela ku-Descartes engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa, isizathu sangaphakathi saqala ukugxila ku-ego, kumuntu siqu.

Kant's Empiricism kanye Rationalism

Kamuva, engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-XNUMX, kwavela ifilosofi ka-Immanuel Kant. Le ndoda eyazalelwa ePrussia, manje eyiRussia, yayisandulela eJalimane ngokugxeka kanye nemibono yamaJalimane. U-Kant wasungula ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-empiricism yamaGreki kanye ne-rationalism ye-Descartes, wamukela ukuthi ulwazi lomuntu lwaqala ngokuhlangenwe nakho, kodwa ukuthi ukucabanga komuntu nakho kwaba nendima ebalulekile.

Ngesikhathi lapho ukungabaza kugqanyiswa eJalimane, uKant wabhala omunye wemibhalo yakhe evelele kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Critique of Pure Reason". Umbhalo owawumelela ushintsho lwendlela yokuqondisa emlandweni wefilosofi nalapho uKant abhala khona: -Ulwazi lugxile kumuntu, hhayi kuNkulunkulu-.

Ukuphika ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthi uNkulunkulu akekho futhi kwaqala ukuhlobanisa i-empiricism ne-rationalism yomuntu, kanye nokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Indlela yefilosofi kaKant yabangela ukuba amaHegelian akholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu akekho.

Ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kwe-Hegelian

Isibongo se-Hegelian sivela kuGeorg Hegel, isazi sefilosofi esivelele kakhulu kusukela enkathini ye-idealism yaseJalimane yekhulu le-XNUMX kanye nesimanje sefilosofi. U-Hegel wadlulela phambili kuno-Kant ekuvikeleni ithisisi eyasungula ubudlelwano phakathi kokucabanga komuntu ngamunye kanye nezehlakalo ezingalindelekile ezenzeke kuye, futhi udaba lwazo lwalungaqondwa kuphela ngemva kokuhlangenwe nakho. Ukuba umbono ongokomlando, oqoqekile kanye nohlinzekayo, yingakho inkulumo kaHegel eyisici: -Ubuqili bokucabanga-

I-Hegel ibhekwa ifilosofi yakudala njengenguquko yokucabanga, kamuva eyayizoba nethonya elijulile ekuthandeni izinto ezibonakalayo kukaKarl Marx. Ngoba isitatimende sefilosofi esibaluleke kakhulu sikaHegel sasiwukuthi: -Isizinda somhlaba wonke sitholakala kuHulumeni, ngoba uMbuso ungumbono waphezulu njengoba ukhona emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, umuntu kufanele ahloniphe uMbuso ngokuba wukubonakaliswa kobunkulunkulu emhlabeni, uMbuso uyindlela kaNkulunkulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Bobabili u-Hegel no-Marx basebenzisa umlando we-teleological ukuze basekele amafilosofi abo ezombusazwe. Umsebenzi noma umcabango kaHegel wawuwumthombo omkhulu wokuthakazelisa kubashiqela abaningi bekhulu lama-XNUMX, ukhiqiza uchungechunge lwezinhlangano eziguquguqukayo, eziqala ngokunyakaza kokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo kukaMarxist ngekhulu le-XNUMX.

UKarl Marx kanye nekhulu le-XNUMX lakhe lokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo kukaMarxist

UKarl Marx wayeyisazi sefilosofi saseJalimane nomsekeli wobukhomanisi bemvelaphi yamaJuda. Lapho esemncane wafundiswa inkolo yobuJuda, lapho esemusha wahlangana nomsizi wakhe omkhulu, uFriedrich Engels. Abhala kanye naye i-Manifesto yeQembu LamaKhomanisi, kanjalo uMarx waguqukela ekubeni uNkulunkulu akekho.

La madoda amabili aqala futhi ahola izinhlangano zabasebenzi abavukela umbuso ngokumelene nonxiwankulu, okwakuyisigaba sezenhlalakahle esasibusa ngalezo zikhathi.

Omunye wezimiso zamaKhomanisi owasungulwa ku-manifesto ye-Marx-Engels kwakungowokuqedwa kwazo zonke izinkolo nokuthi okuwukuphela kwendlela ukuziphatha okuhle okwasungulwa umbuso wamaKhomanisi. Kamuva uKarl Marx ubhala omunye wemisebenzi yakhe yobuciko, Inhloko-dolobha, eyasakazekela kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi kamuva emhlabeni.

Umqondo oyinhloko womcabango wefilosofi kaMarx wawuwukuthi indawo yonke ivaliwe nokuthi akekho uNkulunkulu. Ngakho-ke yonke into eyenzekayo endaweni yonke yayinencazelo yayo yemvelo. Ngokuphambene nokucabanga kukaHegel, uMarx uthuthukisa ukuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo. Ukusungula ukuthi amandla omnotho womphakathi yikho okunyakazisa umuntu.

Izinsuku zokugcina ngaphambi kokufa kukaMarx ugula kakhulu ngenxa yokulimala kwamaphaphu, ngaphezu kokucwiliswa ekucindezelekeni okujulile. UKarl Marx washona ngo-March 14, 1883 eneminyaka engu-64. Amadoda anjengoHegel noMarx aqala ukungena emicabangweni yabaholi bezombangazwe bekhulu lama-XNUMX, enye yawo kuwukuvuka kukaVladimir Lenin.

Ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kukaVladimir Lenin

Ngo-1870, emlandweni wokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, kwazalwa omunye wabaphika ubukhona bekhulu lama-1917, umholi weRussian Soviet Union, uVladimir Lenin. Wazalelwa eMbusweni WaseRussia, uLenin waphila phakathi nentsha eyaxhashazwa isimiso sonxiwankulu esamenza lukhuni futhi sabhebhezela inzondo. Njengoba kakade ekhathele ukusebenza, wahola umbutho wamaBolshevik wamavukelambuso eRussian Revolution ka-1918. Ngo-XNUMX, uLenin waba inhloko kaHulumeni waseRussian Soviet Union.

Ngendlela efanayo, ivala amasonto nama-cathedral ezweni, amanye ayacekelwa phansi kanti amanye amaningi aguqulwa abe amamyuziyamu ngenxa yesizathu sobukhomanisi. ERussia kwenqatshelwe ukukhuluma ngoNkulunkulu ezikoleni nasemanyuvesi, noma ubani owenqabayo ukulahla ukholo lwakhe kuNkulunkulu uthathwa njengesiboshwa. Lapho beyiswa emajele engqondo noma emakamu okuhlushwa, abanye bamane babulawe. Lapho uLenin efa ngenxa yokopha ebuchosheni ngo-1924, kwavela omunye umholi ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu uJoseph Stalin.

Ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kukaJoseph Stalin

Ngemva kokushona kukaLenin, inhlangano yamaLeninist yabangela imisinga yemibono eminingana njengeMarxism-Leninism. U-Stalin walwa njengoLenin emandleni eSoviet Union yaseRussia, ngendlela efanayo wazibiza ngokuthi ungomunye wabalandeli abathembeke kakhulu bakaMarx noLenin.

Imibono kaStalin yokuvukela umbuso yaqala lapho efunda esikoleni sobufundisi sobu-Orthodox eTbilisi, eGeorgia. Ukuba ngumuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ngenxa yokungazitholi emhlanganweni izimpendulo ayezifuna ngokusho kwakhe.

U-Stalin wayengomunye wabaholi abakhulu beRussian Soviet Union futhi wasebenzisa amandla akhe esikhundleni sikaNobhala Jikelele. Amandla amvumela ukuthi abeke imibono kaHegel, uMarx noLenin, ngonyaka owodwa uyakwazi ukuhlela nokukhiqiza amakhophi ayizigidi eziyi-15 emibhalo enokuqukethwe okungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Kanye nokubopha abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-18 nokubulala abanye abayizigidi eziyishumi, ngenxa nje yokukholelwa kuNkulunkulu.

U-Stalin washona ngo-1953, kodwa ngo-1949 kwavela omunye umashiqela ongumvukeli kanye nowamaKhomanisi okuthiwa uMao Tse Tung eShayina. U-Stalin wayenze ubuhlobo obuhle naye.

UMao Tse Tung

UMao Tse Tung wasungula uHulumeni Omkhulu wePeople's Republic of China, wayezibheka njengomuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Ngokumisa uhulumeni wakhe, ngamandla uxosha wonke amakholwa kaNkulunkulu, izithunywa zevangeli. Uyala ukuba kucekelwe phansi futhi kushiswe wonke amabandla, amaKristu aqala ukuhlushwa ukushushiswa eShayina. NgoMao Tse Tung, cishe abantu abangu-25 bafa ngesihluku njalo ngenyanga. Nokho, lomashiqela wathi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokusakaza ukuvukela kukaMarx ngokushesha kwakuwukubulala labo abakholelwa kuNkulunkulu.

Ukuphela kwempilo ka-Mao Tse Tung kwaphawulwa nengqondo egulayo, ene-paranoia kanye ne-schizophrenia. Umashiqela waseShayina washona ngoSepthemba 9, 1976 eneminyaka engu-82 ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Ngemva kokushona kukaMao Tse Tung futhi ngemva kwayo yonke le filosofi eke yabonwa ngaphambili, ingabonakala futhi eqinisweni ezingqondweni zabaningi abacabangayo basenyuvesi, sebeze babonakalisa ngendlela ebandayo; ngendlela ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu okuye kwaba nengxenye ngayo ekuchithekeni kwegazi okukhulu kakhulu okuye kwakwaziwa umlando wesintu, futhi kwakuyilokho okwenzeka kulo lonke ikhulu lama-XNUMX.

Izincazelo nezinhlobo zabantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu

Iqiniso lokuthi ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kungaqondwa noma kuchazwe ngezindlela ezihlukene kuyingxenye yobunzima bokusungula umqondo ofanayo wamagama afana nonkulunkulu, uNkulunkulu nonkulunkulu. Imibono ehlukene ngoNkulunkulu iholela emibonweni noma ezimfundisweni ezihlukahlukene. Ngisho naseminyakeni yokuqala yenkathi yobuKristu, amaKristu ayeshushiswa amaRoma, ewasola ngokuthi awakholelwa kuNkulunkulu noma ayekholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu akekho ngenxa yenhlamba yokungabakhulekeli onkulunkulu bawo bobuqaba nokukhulekela uKristu.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igama elithi theism laqala ukubhekwa njengelihlanganisa inkolelo yanoma yimuphi unkulunkulu.

Ngakho-ke, uma i-a-theism, iwukuphika ubunkulunkulu, ingabhekisela ekwenqatshweni noma ekuphikisaneni nokuba khona kwanoma yimuphi unkulunkulu, izenzakalo ezingaphezu kwemvelo noma omunye ukukhulelwa okungokomoya, njengeBuddhism, Hinduism noma Taoism. Nazi ezinye izincazelo zokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu nezinhlobo zabantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu

I-Implicit vs I-Atheism Esobala

Umqondo wokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu ungahluka ngokombono noma umcabango umuntu angase abe nawo mayelana nonkulunkulu ukuze afaneleke njengomuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kungasho ukuntula inkolelo yokuthi noma yimuphi unkulunkulu angaba khona. Kule ncazelo, bonke labo bantu abangakaze baxhumane noma abangatshelwanga ngemicabango ye-theistic noma yenkolo bazobhekwa njengabangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu.

Umlobi ongakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu nomlobi wencwadi ethi The Case Against God, uGeorge H. Smith, wasungula umqondo wokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu okusobala; ukubhekisela kubantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ababengazi ngokusungula ukwenqaba kwe-theistic. Ngamanye amazwi, umuntu ongakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona ngumuntu ongenalo inkolelo ye-theistic, ngokusho kwalo mbhali. Ngendlela efanayo, uSmith ubonisa ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni obucacile ukuze afanelekele ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ngokungakholelwa obala.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isazi sefilosofi saseMelika u-Ernest Nagel, ngemuva komqondo owasungulwa nguSmith. Wayewushaya indiva umqondo kaSmith wokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu ngokuphelele, ewuchaza nje njengokungabikho kwetheism, ngaleyo ndlela ecabangela ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu okukodwa futhi okuwukuphela kweqiniso, okuqanjwe nguSmith njengokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu okucacile.

I-Positive Atheism vs. Okubi

U-Antony Flew noMichael Martin, bobabili izazi zefilosofi nabasekeli bokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, bakhuthaza imiqondo yokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu okuhle nokuphika ukuthi uNkulunkulu akekho, muva nje okubizwa ngokuthi kunamandla nababuthakathaka ngokulandelana. Ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu okuqinisekile kwachazwa ngokuthi isimemezelo esiqaphelayo sokuthi onkulunkulu abekho. Ngokuqondene nokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu okungalungile, kwakuhlanganisa zonke ezinye izinhlobo ezingezona ezenkolo.

ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu okungokoqobo

Ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu okungokoqobo kuchazwa ngendlela abantu abenza ngayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayakholelwa noma cha ebukhoneni bobunkulunkulu. Ngamanye amazwi, baphila izimpilo zabo njengokungathi uNkulunkulu akekho, bangathethelela izehlakalo emvelweni ngaphandle kokuthi zibangelwa zona noma zibhekise kunoma yikuphi ukuba khona kukaNkulunkulu.

Ngalolu hlobo lokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, nakuba bengabonisi ngempela ukuphika uNkulunkulu nanoma yimuphi omunye unkulunkulu, kubo akudingekile ukwenza kanjalo noma cha, ngoba akuthonyeli lutho endleleni yabo noma endleleni yokuphila kwabo. Ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu okungokoqobo kungase kuthathe izinhlobo ezahlukene noma izimo zengqondo:

-Ukuncishiswa kwezenkolo noma ukungabaza: Ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu akusho ukuthi kuphoqelele umuntu ekuziphatheni okuhle, empilweni yenkolo noma kolunye uhlobo lwesenzo.

-Ukwenqaba okusebenzayo kokufuna ulwazi ngoNkulunkulu, imikhuba yenkolo, njll.

-Ukungazithandi izinto zikaNkulunkulu noma izindaba zaphezulu nezenkolo

-Ukungazi ngokuphelele noma ukungazi ngoNkulunkulu

Ngokubuka izincazelo ezahlukene zokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, kungenzeka-ke ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zabantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezilandelayo zabantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu:

Umuntu ongakholelwa ebukhoneni bendabuko kanye nobugovu

Lona ngumuntu oveza ukuthi akekho, wayengekho, futhi ngeke abe khona uNkulunkulu. Khona-ke kuwuhlobo lwabantu abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu obenza ukuphika uNkulunkulu kwasemhlabeni wonke. Kumuntu ongakholelwa ebukhoneni bendabuko nangokwenkolo, uNkulunkulu akekho.

ongakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona

Umuntu othi uNkulunkulu akekho yilowo ongatholi ubufakazi obanele bokuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona, uwuhlobo lwabantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. I-etymology yegama elithi agnostic livela kusiqalo sesiGreki esichaza ngaphandle kanye negama lesiGreki elithi gnōsis incazelo yalo iwulwazi noma ulwazi. Ngakho-ke umuntu othi uNkulunkulu akaziwa yilowo ongazi noma ongenalo ulwazi lokuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona.

Lolu hlobo lwabantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu luthi: -Anginasiqiniseko, angibuboni ubufakazi obanele bokuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona-, futhi luphetha ngokuthi -ayikho indlela yokwazi-.

ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu okusha

Abantu abasha abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu bawuhlobo lwesimanje lokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, bacishe babe nengxenye yenkolo ethi uNkulunkulu akekho. Intsha entsha yokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu isungule umkhankaso wokulwa nokholo. Laba abasha abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu bafuna amakholwa ukuthi alahle ukholo lwawo futhi asuke emasontweni abo. Ngoba ngokwalaba abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu isonto lidala umonakalo kubantu.

Ngisho nangemva kokuhlasela kwamaphekula emibhoshongweni engamawele ngo-September 11, 2001, ukushisekela okusha kokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kuye kwanda futhi kwanda. Ngenxa yobuningi bezinkomfa, amavidiyo, njll. ukuthi laba abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu baye basakaza ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nabantu bebhekene ubuso nobuso bethi inkolo iwuhlobo lwesifo esingcolisa futhi esibulalayo, ngakho-ke izinkolo kufanele ziqedwe, noma ngabe ziyini. I-atheism entsha iholwa ngamadoda amane, yilawa:

• Sam khanyile
• UDaniel C Dennett
• Richard Dawkins
• UVictor J Stenger
• UChristopher Hitchens

La madoda amane avela engxoxweni ngo-2007, abizwa ngokuthi - Abagibeli bamahhashi abane be-No Apocalypse-. Owokugcina ohlwini olungenhla, uChristopher Hitchens washona ngomhlaka-15/12/2011. Kodwa abanye abathathu bayaqhubeka nokuthola ukusekelwa ngesizathu sabo ngokusebenzisa izinkundla zokuxhumana kanye nokunikeza izingqungquthela. Baphinde bahlangane emabandleni athathwa ngokuthi uNkulunkulu akekho, ukuze bakhulume ngesayensi. Kula mabandla akholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona, izidlamlilo zimema abantu abasha futhi yile ndlela ekwazi ngayo ukudlulisa imibono yabo.

Intsha entsha yokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu ifuna ukuqeda ubuKristu kanye nanoma iyiphi enye inkolo. Kodwa bahlasela ikakhulukazi ubuKristu. Nokho, asikho isidingo sokwesaba lolu hlobo lomuntu nemibono yakhe, ngoba izimpikiswano zakhe azinasisekelo. Lezozimpikiswano zilahlekelwa ukubaluleka ngaphambi kwesiphambano sikaKristu, okunobufakazi obanele bokuvuka kwakhe.

ongenandaba noNkulunkulu

Abantu abangenandaba noNkulunkulu yibo bonke labo bantu ababonisa ukunganaki phambi kobunkulunkulu. Abanandaba, abazi, ekugcineni akubalulekile kubo ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona noma cha. Abantu abangenandaba noNkulunkulu bavame ukuthi: Angazi futhi anginandaba, ngiphilile, ngiyajabula, ngiphila kahle ngoba nginomsebenzi. Ngakho-ke angifuni ukwazi lutho ngoNkulunkulu.

Lolu wuhlobo lwabantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu okunzima kakhulu ukulufinyelela uma kuziwa endabeni yokushumayela ivangeli, ngoba akanandaba nale ndaba. Ngakho-ke kufanele uthole izindlela zokudala zokukhuluma nabantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu abangenandaba.

Umuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu

Umuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu uwuhlobo lokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu ukuze kube lula kunanoma yini enye. Laba abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu ngabantu abangenayo eyabo imibono futhi baphinda njengopholi okushiwo abaholi babo noma abakwazile ukukuzwa kubantu ababazungezile. Ngakho-ke abanakuqiniseka ngobukhona bukaNkulunkulu. Abazange bazihluphe ngokubuza nokusungula eyabo imibono mayelana nokuthi ukhona yini uNkulunkulu noma cha.

ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu oqhoshayo

Mayelana nalolu hlobo lwabantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu iBhayibheli lithi kumaHubo 10:4 okulandelayo:

Inguqulo ye-BLP: IHubo 10:4: Omubi, ngokuzikhukhumeza kwakhe, akazikhathazi ngalutho: “Akakho uNkulunkulu”; yilokhu kuphela okucabangayo

Ukuziqhenya kwenhliziyo akumfuni uNkulunkulu, emicabangweni yabo akekho uNkulunkulu. Lokhu kuzigqaja kwabangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kubagcwalise ngobukhazikhazi. Bakhetha ukuphika ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu, ngoba kunembeza wabo bayazi ngokuziphatha kwakhe. Ukuziphatha okungahambelani nobungcwele nokulunga kukaNkulunkulu. Ngamanye amazwi, kukhona abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu hhayi ngenxa yokuntula ubufakazi (ngoba buningi) bobukhona bukaNkulunkulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi akulula ukuthi bakholelwe kuNkulunkulu.

Bangabantu abaphila impilo ekude ngokuphelele nokuziphatha, ngakho-ke akulula ngabo ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu, bangabantu abangathembekile abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Lezi zinhlobo zabangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu azifuni ukuzwa, azifuni ukubona ukubonakaliswa nobufakazi bokukholwa. Futhi abafuni ukwamukela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi banephutha.

Futhi okubi kakhulu kulokhu ukuthi ngaphandle kokukholwa akwenzeki ukujabulisa uNkulunkulu! Uyakuqonda ukuthi lesi sisho esivela eBhayibhelini sisho ukuthini? Sikumema ngalesi sihloko: Ngaphandle kokukholwa akwenzeki ukuthokozisa uNkulunkulu: Kusho ukuthini? Futhi okwengeziwe, ukuthola incazelo yalo ngemva kokuhlaziywa kwevesi 6 lesahluko 11 encwadini yamaHeberu.

Futhi kungukuthi ukukhuluma ngokukholwa kulezi zikhathi lapho umuntu ephila impilo egcwele ukulangazela, ukukhathazeka, ukukhathazeka, imisebenzi, ingcindezi, akuwona umsebenzi olula; ngisho nebandla leNkosi kwezinye izikhathi liye lazivumela ukuthi livinjwe yile mpilo yansuku zonke ephilwa emhlabeni wonke. Kungenzeka ukuthi abantu abaningi bazithola bebhekene nenkinga yokukholwa, inqubo ibenza bagcwalise izimpilo zabo ngokukhathala okukhulu kangangokuthi ukholo lufika luthathe indawo yesibili. Ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kokwazi ngalesi siqephu seBhayibheli. Ungayeki ukuyifunda!

ongakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona

Uhlobo olusebenzayo lwabantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu empeleni lusabalele kakhulu. Nalaba abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu batholakala besonta emasontweni, bebiza uJesu ngokuthi Nkosi kodwa bephila sengathi uNkulunkulu akekho. AmaKristu ngokuvamile azinikele kubantu abangaphandle kweminyango yesonto. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ebandleni kungase kwenzeke uhlobo oluthile lokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu. Bangabantu abazinikela ekubeni ngamaKristu kuphela lapho bengena ebandleni, kodwa lapho belishiya baqala ukuphila sengathi uNkulunkulu akekho. Noma yini efanayo, bathi bakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, kodwa baphila sengathi uNkulunkulu akekho.

Abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ngenxa yokungazi

Abantu abaningi abakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu ngenxa yokuthi ababunaki noma ababunaki ubufakazi obuningi besayensi obukhona, kanye namazwi ayisiprofetho eBhayibheli abonisa ngobuqotho ukuqina kweqiniso lokuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona. Iqiniso elisobala nelembulayo elitholakala kusukela kuGenesise kuya encwadini yesAmbulo.

Kunabaningi abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu abaye bayeka ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu, abafakaza ukuthi babengakaze bafune ukwazi ngobukhona bukaNkulunkulu. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuziqhenya okumangalisayo nokuzikhukhumeza okungafihlwa ngemuva kwanoma yimuphi umuntu.

Izimpikiswano zethiyori zokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu

Amafilosofi angakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kuwo wonke umlando aye asebenzisa uchungechunge lwezimpikiswano zethiyori ezenqaba ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu nonkulunkulu bebonke, ekuphenduleni izimpikiswano eziphambene zohlangothi lwe-theistic. Okungenani ezivame kakhulu impikiswano yokuklama kwezenkolo kanye naleyo eyasungulwa isazi sesayensi yemvelo, isazi semfundiso yenkolo nesazi sefilosofi uBlaise Pascal, owaphikisa ngokuthi kuyohlale kukuhle ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu kunokungakholelwa.

Ngokwakho izimpikiswano ezingokwetiyetha zokuthi uNkulunkulu akekho ziphikisana ngokusobala nobukhona bukankulunkulu. Lezi zimpikiswano ngokuyinhloko zingamafilosofi, ikakhulukazi ifilosofi ebonakalayo.

Impikiswano yokuklama yengxenye ye-theistic isuselwe ekubonisweni kobukhona bukaNkulunkulu, njengomdali ohlakaniphile. Okusasele njengobufakazi bokuklanywa kwemvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, impikiswano eyaphakanyiswa uPascal ngaphambi kwenkulumo-mpikiswano ngobukhona noma ukungabi khona kukaNkulunkulu, uthi kungcono ukukholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona. Futhi iphakamisa izimo ezine okungenzeka:

• Uma ukwazi ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu futhi uma ekhona, uyaphumelela futhi uye ezulwini
• Ungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu futhi akekho, ukuze ungazuzi noma ulahlekelwe lutho.
• Ukholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona futhi uma engekho, akukho lutho oluzuzwayo noma olulahlekile
• Awukholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona futhi uma ekhona awunqobi futhi ulahlekelwa yikho konke

Izimpikiswano zethiyori ezisetshenziswa ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu zichazwe ngezansi:

Izimpikiswano ze-Epistemological

Kufilosofi yesayensi, ososayensi abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu basekelwe embonweni wokuthi abantu abakwazi ukufakazela ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu, ngakho-ke abanakumazi. Ngokwale mpikiswano, ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kusekelwe ekutheni ayazi, ayimazi uNkulunkulu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi ekuthandeni izinto ezibonakalayo kwefilosofi, unkulunkulu uyinto etholakala emhlabeni. Lapho kuhlanganiswe ingqondo nonembeza womuntu ngamunye. Kusukela kulo mbono, i-agnostic ithi inkolelo yokuthi ukhona unkulunkulu izoba nomkhawulo wokungabi nomgomo, ngoba kuzoxhomeka ekuboneni komuntu okholwayo.

Encwadini yokukholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu akekho yaseKant kanye nenhlangano yongqondongqondo yaseFrance ye-Enlightenment (ngekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX), baqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi lungenzeka kuphela ngokucabanga komuntu nokuthi ngenxa yalokho ayikho indlela yokubona noma yokwazi uNkulunkulu.

Ngokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, izazi zefilosofi ezinjengoDavid Hume ziphikisa ngokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuqiniseka ngento engenakuqinisekiswa. Ngakho-ke, asikho isidalwa esizokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona noma cha. I-Hume mayelana nemicabango ye-metaphysical, imibono eyinkimbinkimbi ye-Islam nakho konke okungabonakali kufanele kulahlwe futhi kuthathwe njengento ekhohlisayo.

Ngokuqondene nenkolelo yokuthi uNkulunkulu akaziwa kukhona impikiswano ephakanyiswe ngisho nangabantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ngokuqinile, uma kufanele kubhekwe njengokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kweqiniso. Ngoba ngokusho kwabo bacabanga ukuthi abathi uNkulunkulu akaziwa bangahlukaniswa njengeqembu elinendlela ezimele yokubona nokuchaza umhlaba.

Eminye imibono yokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu ingabhekwa njengezingxabano ze-epistemological noma zokuqonda, njenge:

Ifilosofi ye-Ignosticism: Siyini isimo sokukholelwa kuNkulunkulu, lapho kufanele uqale uchaze ukuthi uyini uNkulunkulu?, ukuze ukwazi ukuhlola ukuthi lokho okuchazwayo kukhona noma akukho yini.

I-logical empiricism noma i-logical positivism: Iyini isayensi yamanje yefilosofi engavumeli ukuphromotha inkambiso evamile kusukela ekubhekweni noma kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu ngamunye

I-Theological non-cognitivism: Kuphikiswana ngokuthi igama elithi uNkulunkulu alinayo incazelo eqondakalayo, ngakho-ke ngeke kutholakale ukuthi likhona noma cha. Ukuba yindlela yokuqinisekisa ukungabi khona kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi uNkulunkulu.

izimpikiswano zemetaphysical

Izimpikiswano zemetaphysical zokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu ziyafana lapho ifilosofi ye-monism isekelwe khona. Izazi zenkathi yanamuhla ezithanda izinto ezibonakalayo ziphikisa ngokuthi indawo yonke yakhiwa ngento eyadalwa ngemva kokuqhuma okukhulu futhi yile ndaba kuphela ebonisa ukuba khona. Izimpikiswano ze-Metaphysical zingaba:

-Ukulahlwa okuphelele nokungenamibandela kobukhona bukaNkulunkulu. Okwefilosofi yefilosofi ye-monism, kokubili izinto ezibonakalayo zanamuhla nezasendulo.

-Isihlobo noma ukulahla uNkulunkulu okucatshangwayo. Kuyo yonke imisinga yefilosofi eyamukela ukuba khona kwayo yonke into ehlanganisa indawo yonke, imvelo kanye nobunkulunkulu. Kodwa konke lokho akunazo izimilo zikaNkulunkulu. Lezi zindlela zefilosofi ziyi-pantheism, i-panentheism, i-deism.

izimpikiswano ezinengqondo

Izimpikiswano ezinengqondo ze-atheism zokwenqaba uNkulunkulu zisekelwe endleleni uNkulunkulu noma onkulunkulu abacatshangwa ngayo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke kuNkulunkulu wezinkolo ezithathwe kunzalamizi u-Abrahama futhi ikakhulukazi kusukela kuzo kuya kuNkulunkulu wamaKristu. Ngoba, njengoba ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kuphikisana, uNkulunkulu wamaKristu uveza ukungqubuzana okunengqondo ezimfanelweni anazo, njengokuthi: UNkulunkulu ungumdali, akaguquki, wazi konke, ukuyo yonke indawo, unamandla onke, unomusa, unobulungisa. , unesihe, unamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo. , unobuntu futhi unamandla

Ngokusekelwe kulokho abakubiza ngokuthi ukungqubuzana okunengqondo kwezimfanelo, basebenzisa izimpikiswano zabo ukuze benqabe ukuba khona kukaNkulunkulu. Lena ifilosofi ye-theodicy yokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu efuna ukukhombisa ngokunengqondo noma okunengqondo ukungabi khona kukaNkulunkulu.

Ngokusekelwe kulokhu bathi kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi kuzo zonke izimfanelo nemvelo uNkulunkulu ka-Abrahama kanye neyamaKrestu, kungenzeka kube nomhlaba ofana nalo owaziwayo futhi owaphila. Izwe elinobubi, ukuhlupheka, izinhlekelele, njll. futhi ngenxa yokuthi uthando lukaNkulunkulu alubonakali kubantu abaningi. Ngokuphathelene nempikiswano yobubi esetshenziswa ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaTheodicy, isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki u-Epicurus waseSamos, saphakamisa lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi I-Paradox yenkinga yobubi, ngokwale mibono elandelayo enengqondo yalo mcabango:

• Ingabe uNkulunkulu ufuna ukuvimbela ububi, kodwa akunjalo? Ngakho alinawo amandla onke.
• Uyafuna, kodwa awufuni? Ngakho akulona umusa, ubulungisa nesihe
• Ingabe uNkulunkulu akafuni ukwenza okubi? Khona-ke ububi buvelaphi?
• Ingabe uNkulunkulu akakwazi futhi akazimisele ukwenza okubi? Pho kungani ukubiza ngokuthi uNkulunkulu?

Ingabe ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kuyinkolo?

Ngomqondo ovamile wencazelo yokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, kuthiwa umuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu noma kwezinye izinhlobo zonkulunkulu. Ukwazi ukumelana nezinkolo ezikholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa, ezikholelwa kukho konke noma ezingezona ezenkolo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezinkolo noma amahlelo alandela indlela engokomoya ngokuvamile abhekwa njengabangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ngenxa yokuthi awalandeli unkulunkulu othile.

Kungashiwo futhi mayelana nombuzo wokuthi ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kuyinkolo, ukuthi abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu baqala kufilosofi ye-rationalism ethi iqiniso litholakala ezingqondweni zabantu, ngakho-ke lokhu kungabhekwa njengokungahloniphi. Lokhu kungaba okuphambene nombuzo onjalo.

Nokho, phakathi kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi izinkolo zika-Abrahama ungathola abantu ababhekwa njengabangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu yizinkolo zabo siqu. Ngokwalokhu, sinokulandelayo

ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kwamaJuda

AmaJuda angakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu yilabo bantu okuthe, naphezu kokuphuma kuleso sizwe futhi bebhekwa njengamaJuda ngokwesiko, baye bayeka ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Okusho ukuthi, abakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kodwa balondoloza ubuJuda ngokulandela amasiko enkolo yobuJuda. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inkolo yobuJuda inazo zombili izici zenkolo nezobuzwe namasiko.

ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kwamaSulumane

AmaSulumane angakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona ngabantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu wamaMuslim ogama lakhe lingu-Allah. Kodwa ukuthi bagcine amasiko nemikhuba yesiko lamaMuslim, noma ngoba behlobana nabo noma besaba isijeziso abangase basithole ngokudelela noma ukungalaleli isiko. Isiko lamaSulumane libambelela emikhubeni yamaSulumane ngenxa yezizathu zesiko kunenkolo.

ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ebuKristwini, njengoba kungabonakala ezinhlotsheni zabangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, ikakhulukazi leyo esebenzayo, kungaba khona izimo zabantu abathi bakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, babize uJesu Kristu njengeNkosi, kodwa baphile ukuphila kwabo njengokungathi uNkulunkulu akazange. zikhona.

Sengikushilo konke lokhu, ukuchaza umuntu ongakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo umlandeli wenkolo ukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa, ukukholelwa konkulunkulu abaningi noma ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kuyindaba eyimpikiswano enkulu.

Umbono womuntu ongakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaKrestu

Abantu abaningi abathi abakholelwa kuNkulunkulu banombono wokuthi umKristu uyisiwula ngenxa yokuba nokholo olungaboni, ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu nendodana yakhe uJesu Kristu. Njengoba ngokusho kwabo abukho ubufakazi bokukholelwa, isitatimende lapho benephutha ngokuphelele, ngoba ubufakazi buningi.

Lo mbono nawo awenele, isibonelo, ngesinye isikhathi umlingisi wochungechunge lwethelevishini olubizwa ngokuthi uDokotela House, washo la mazwi alandelayo:

 Uma ungabonisana nabantu benkolo, bekungeke kube khona abantu benkolo-

Yilokho abaningi abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu abakucabangayo, ukuthi ikholwa liyisiwula lapho umuntu engakwazi ukuxoxisana naso. Ngokuphathelene nokukholwa iBhayibheli lithi:

Heberu 11:1-3 (NIV): Manje ukukholwa kuyisiqinisekiso sezinto ezithenjwayo. isiqiniseko salokho okungabonwayo. 2 Ngenxa yakhe abadala bavunyelwa. 3 Ngokukholwa siyaqonda ukuthi umhlaba wonke wabunjwa ngezwi likaNkulunkulu, ukuze okubonakalayo akuvelanga kokubonwayo.

Kodwa futhi izikhathi eziningi ikholwa licabanga ukuthi ukuze likholwe, abantu badinga ukubhekana nenkinga ukuze basondele kuNkulunkulu futhi bakholwe. Lomcabango awulona iqiniso ngempela, isibonelo salokhu indaba yomuntu owaziwa kakhulu ongakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona. Lo ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kwakunguCarl Sagan, owashona ngomhlaka-20/12/1996, eneminyaka engu-62. USagan wayaziwa kakhulu ngohlelo lwakhe lwethelevishini lwama-80 kanye no-90s i-Cosmos. Lapho uSagan efa umkakhe wathi:

-Umyeni wami akakaze asondele kuNkulunkulu futhi akakaze akulahle ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu-

Nokho, eminyakeni engu-62 yokuphila kwalendoda engakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, kumelwe ukuba yayinenkinga ethile, kodwa ayizange ibe nesithakazelo sokufuna, noma ukusondela, ngisho nangaphansi kokwazi uNkulunkulu.

Izizathu ezenza abantu bangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu

KumKristu, ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu bubonakala ngaphezu kokububona ngokwenyama. Kodwa ekukholweni ungabona futhi uqonde, ekukholweni uNkulunkulu ubonakala endalweni uqobo. Umuntu kusukela eqaphela kufanele azibuze imibuzo mayelana:

• Ngifike kanjani lapha?
• Ubani owangidala, owadala konke okungizungezile?
• Kungani kunokuhleleka endaweni yonke, kungani amaplanethi ehamba ngokulandelana?
• Futhi abaningi futhi okungapheli ngoba

KumKristu, impendulo kuyo yonke lemibuzo isobala ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusebenzisa ukucabanga okuningi, kwanele ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu ukuba enze impendulo esobala kuyo yonke. Ngakho lokho okusobala kumKristu, ngoba ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kuwukuphika lokho okubonakala kusobala.

Nokho, impendulo ingase ibe sobala kuwo wonke umuntu, ngoba sonke isidalwa sinomuzwa ofanayo wokufuna ukwazi ukuthi sivelaphi nokuthi kungani silapha. UNkulunkulu uyincazelo engcono kakhulu yokuthi kungani kunomklamo kukho konke okungabonwa.

Ngakho-ke uma ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu bungaphezu kokusobala ngoba kukhona abantu abangakholwa, yiziphi izizathu ezenza laba bantu baphike iqiniso elisobala kangaka, njengokuba khona kukaNkulunkulu. Nazi ezinye zalezi zizathu.

ukuziphatha okubi

Abantu abaningi abakuthola kunzima ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu baphila ukuphila okungcolile, kude nokuziphatha komuntu, njengoba iculo lisho: -Give your body joy Macarena-. Abanye baphila impilo yabo ngendlela yabo futhi abafuni kube khona ozofika abatshele ukuthi benzani empilweni yabo. Futhi ukuthi ukuphila njengoba ego efuna kulula kakhulu, kodwa ukulandela uKristu kunzima, uJesu usishiyela lomlayezo ku:

UMathewu 16: 24 (NLT) Khona-ke uJesu wathi kubafundi bakhe: “Uma noma ubani kini efuna ukungilandela, kufanele ashiye indlela yakhe yokuphila yobugovu, athabathe isiphambano sakhe, angilandele.

Ukuziphika kuwukuchoboza ubuYena ukuze uKristu akhule futhi lokhu akulula, ngoba abantu ngokwemvelo bathanda ukuthotshiswa. Kunabantu abaphika uNkulunkulu, ngoba bamane abafuni ukushiya Ubuyena.

Ukungabi Nabazali Nokucasuka Kwabazali

Ukuntuleka kobaba, isithombe esibi sikababa noma ukubamba amagqubu kubazali, kuqhelelanisa abantu noNkulunkulu, ngoba izinhliziyo zabo zilukhuni noma abazange bathole izindinganiso zokuziphatha kusukela besebancane kakhulu noma babengafundiswanga okholweni, futhi abazange bathole izindinganiso zokuziphatha. bakhulise ukholo lwabo lapho bekhula Ngokwezibalo, abaningi abaziwayo abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu emlandweni babengenabo obaba, noma ubuhlobo babo nabazali babo babungalingani kakhulu, noma bakhulela emakhaya angasebenzi kahle.

Ukungabaza noma imibuzo engaphenduleki ngoNkulunkulu

Kunabantu abaningi abazalelwa emakhaya amakholwa futhi njengoba bekhula futhi beqaphela, imibuzo eminingi ngoNkulunkulu iqala ukuvela. Kungase kube imibuzo emihle, kodwa uma, njengoba imibuzo iphakama, ingaphendulwa, ukungabaza kuqala futhi ngalokhu, izikhala okholweni zizalwa, ekugcineni kungaba yingozi kakhulu kumuntu.

amathonya amabi  

Amathonya amabi ayisizathu esibi kakhulu esingadedisela abantu kude noNkulunkulu. Ebasha kuyenzeka ukuthi ukuze bazizwe bamukelekile eqenjini bathathe imikhuba emibi noma izinto abangazijwayele noma abangazibonanga emakhaya abo. Kwesinye isikhathi baze bathathe ubuyena ngoba beqala ukukholelwa lokho abangani babo abakukholelwayo noma izinkolelo zeqembu lilonke. Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abantu abasha bazinze kahle kakhulu ekukholweni ukuze bangaziqheli kuKristu.

Kusukela zisencane, ukungqubuzana kwamasiko noma ezenkolo kwenzeka ezikoleni, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abazali bafundise izingane zabo ekhaya ukuze zilondoloze ubunjalo bazo beqiniso okholweni.

izindaba zegunya

Ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kuwukuhlubuka okucacile kuNkulunkulu, ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ngokuphika ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu lokho akushoyo nje ukuthi: -Anginandaba nokuzithoba kwelinye igunya-

Futhi kungenxa yokuthi kwamanye amadoda olwazi ngokuvamile awafuni ukuba negunya ngaphezu kwesizathu sawo. Ukuzidla nokuzidla komuntu kubonakaliswa ngalesi sizathu sokungakholwa, futhi kwenzeka nakubantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu.

Uprofesa ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kanye noprofesa wasenyuvesi uThomas Nagel wake washo ngokwethembeka okukhulu:

-Ngifuna ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kube yiqiniso futhi angikhululekile ngeqiniso lokuthi abanye abantu abahlakaniphe kakhulu engibaziyo bangamakholwa. Akukhona nje ukuthi angikholelwa kuNkulunkulu, futhi ngokwemvelo ngithemba ukuthi ngiqinisile enkolelweni yami. Kodwa ngethemba ukuthi akekho uNkulunkulu! Angifuni kube khona uNkulunkulu…-

Thomas Nagel

Uma igagasi elisha labaphika ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu elavela ekhulwini leminyaka lamanje lingafingqa amazwi kaNagel, bangathi: -Akekho uNkulunkulu! Futhi ngiyamzonda uNkulunkulu!Lona umoya obusa kubantu abasha abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu.

Lokho iBhayibheli elikushoyo ngakho

IBhayibheli libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi abantu ababona onkulunkulu, ukuthi umuntu wadalwa ngomfanekiso nangomfanekiso womdali nokuthi izimpendulo zemvelaphi yakhe nomsuka wendawo yonke azisoze zatholakala ngokwesayensi. Ngenxa yokuthi yonke into edalwe ngokwesayensi iyaphindaphinda futhi umuntu ngamunye uhlukile, isayensi ikufakazele nge-DNA.

Ngakho-ke, ngesayensi, umuntu akasoze akwazi ukuthola ukuthi ukuphila kwaqala kanjani, noma ukuthi indawo yonke yaba khona kanjani.

Kodwa abanye abantu emzamweni wabo wokubekela uNkulunkulu inselele baye bazinika umsebenzi wokusungula imibono yemvelaphi efana nenkolelo-mbono yeBig Bang noma leyo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Nokho, lapho umuntu engafuni ukwazi ukuthi lezi zimpendulo, sivelaphi, singobani nokuthi siyaphi, uNkulunkulu kuphela onazo, ezinenani.

Ibhayibheli lifundisa inani elikhokhwayo lapha emhlabeni, lapho umuntu efuna ukwala ukuthi kukhona okungaphezu kwalokho okudlula ingqondo yakhe elinganiselwe kanye nokulinganiselwa kobuhlakani bakhe. Ukuthi enye into ibizwa ngokuthi uNkulunkulu. Inkosi uSolomoni yabhala lokhu lapho iqala ukubona amakhosi enqaba uNkulunkulu:

IZaga 1: 29-3: 29 Ngoba bazonda ukuhlakanipha, Kabakhethanga ukumesaba uJehova, 30 Kabavumanga ukululeka kwami, Badelela konke ukusola kwami, 31 bazakudla izithelo zendlela yabo, Bakhathale ngamacebo abo. 32 Ngokuba ukuduka kwabangazi kuyababulala, nokunetha kweziwula kuyakuphanga; 33 Kodwa loba ngubani ongizwayo uzahlala evikelekile futhi ahlale ngokuthula engesabi okubi.

Johane 8:32 (NIV):32 niyakulazi iqiniso, neqiniso liyakunikhulula.

Lokhu kwashiwo uJesu, indodana kaNkulunkulu lapho eza emhlabeni eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili edlule, waphinde wathi:

Johane 8:12 (NIV): 12 UJesu waphinda wakhuluma esixukwini, wathi kuso: -Mina ngiwukukhanya kwezwe. Ongilandelayo kasoze ahamba ebumnyameni, kodwa uzakuba lokukhanya kwempilo.

Isambulo sikaNkulunkulu esijwayelekile kubantu

Nakuba ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kunesimo sokuphika ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu, ngoba ngokwezishoshovu zakhona akwenzeki ukuthi baqinisekise ubukhona bomuntu onamandla onke okwazi ukubusa umhlaba nomkhathi, ngakho-ke bathi bazibiza ngokuthi abakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Ngomqondo walokho okushiwo igama elithi uNkulunkulu akekho, okusho ukuthi ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu, lelo gama ukukhuluma kahle aliqanjwa nguNkulunkulu ngempela.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba ikholwa, lowo ozibheka njengomKristu, aqonde ukuthi uNkulunkulu uzembule ngendlela evamile kubo bonke abantu njengomdali wabo. Kusukela lapho, angeke kube khona noyedwa umuntu ongathethelelwa ngokuphika ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona.

UNkulunkulu uzibonakalisa kubo bonke abantu, kodwa futhi ubanika inkululeko yokuzikhethela yokunquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela okufanele bayithathe. Futhi isinqumo somuntu sizoba nemiphumela yaso:

AmaRoma 1: 18 (RVR 1960) 18 Ngokuba ulaka lukaNkulunkulu lwambulwa luvela ezulwini phezu kwakho konke ukungahloniphi nokungalungi kwabantu abacindezela iqiniso ngokungalungi.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngesambulo sikaNkulunkulu, kubalulekile ukucaphuna lokho uPawulu aqhubeka ekusho encwadini yakhe eya kwabaseRoma:

KwabaseRoma 1: 19-20 (NIV): 19 Ake ngichaze: yini ekwaziwa ngoNkulunkulu kusobala kubo, ngoba yena uqobo ukwambulile. 20 Ngoba kusukela ekudalweni komhlaba okungabonwayo kukaNkulunkulu, okuyikuthi, amandla akhe aphakade kanye nobuNkulunkulu bakhe, kubonakala ngokucacile ngalokho akudalile, ukuze akekho onezaba.

Ngakho-ke lokho okusobala kumaKristu kusobala nakwabangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu futhi abanazaba zokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu. Esinye sezaba abaningi abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu abavumelana ngaso lapho bethi:

-Uma uNkulunkulu ekhona ngoba evumela ububi, ukuhlupheka, izimpi, ubumpofu, izingane ezibulawa indlala emhlabeni-. Masikhumbule inkululeko yomuntu yokuzikhethela, ngumuntu ngokwakhe oqinisekise ukuthi konke lokhu kukhona.

Embhalweni weBhayibheli ocashuniwe, uPawulu uchaza ukuthi okungabonakali kukaNkulunkulu, njengamandla akhe aphakade nobunkulunkulu bakhe, kubonakala ngokusobala kusukela ekudalweni komhlaba. Ngezansi ziyini lezi zambulo noma ukubonakaliswa kukaNkulunkulu

Imvelo yembula ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu

Imvelo ngokujwayelekile iveza ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu futhi imemeza kakhulu kulabo abathi bangabakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ukuthi empeleni akunjalo, ngoba ukubonakala kukaNkulunkulu kuba sobala. Lokhu okulandelayo kungafundwa ngalokhu eBhayibhelini:

I-19 AmaHubo: 1 (RVR 1960) Imisebenzi nezwi likaNkulunkulu: 19 Amazulu ashumayela inkazimulo kaNkulunkulu, nomkhathi ushumayela umsebenzi wezandla zakhe.

Umkhathi onesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza, ilanga, inyanga nezinkanyezi. Izilwandle, umhlaba nemvelo yawo enhle. Konke kuye kwaklanywa ngokuhlakanipha nangokuhlakanipha kangangokuthi akukho mbuzo wokuwenqaba ngokuphelele umbono wokuthi umsebenzi onjalo uwumphumela wokuqhuma noma wokuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Unembeza womuntu uyafakaza ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona

UNkulunkulu wafaka kunembeza womuntu ubufakazi bokuthi ukhona. Umuntu unohlobo lwezwi elingaphakathi elimenza abone noma aqonde ukuthi kungani kungafanele enze izinto ezithile. Ngenxa yokuthi lezo zinto zimbi, uyazi nokuthi angakwazi ukwenza ezinye izinto ezinhle. Lezi zinto ezinhle nezimbi zitshelwa unembeza kumuntu.

Wonke umuntu, isibonelo, uyazi ukuthi ukubulala umuntu kuyisenzo sobubi. Kunezimiso zokuziphatha okuhle noma okubi ezigcinwe ezinhliziyweni zabantu futhi lokhu kuwubufakazi bokuthi bayaqaphela ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona,

KwabaseRoma 2: 14-15 ( KJV 1960) 14 Ngokuba lapho abezizwe abangenawo umthetho, yenza ngokwemvelo okungokomlayo, laba, lanxa bengenamthetho, bangumthetho kibo, 15 betshengisa umsebenzi womthetho olotshwe ezinhliziyweni zabo, efakaza unembeza wakhe, futhi basole noma bavikele ukucabanga kwabo

Wonke umuntu ongaphakathi uyalizwa icala elenziwa isono sokungabuyisani nomdali wakhe. Ngalokhu kuhle ukucaphuna umusho ovela kudokotela nososayensi u-Arvid Carlsson Nobel Prize in Medicine:

-Indlela yemvelo yokuphila isebudlelwaneni noNkulunkulu-

UNkulunkulu uzibonakalisa ekuvukeni kukaJesu

Lokhu ukubonakaliswa okunamandla kakhulu, incazelo engcono kakhulu yokuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona ukuvuka kukaKristu. Ngoba, ngenxa yokuthi kubhaliwe emlandweni, kunobufakazi ngakho. Okuwukuphela kwethuna elingenalutho likaKristu, uJesu waprofetha ngokuvuka kwakhe futhi uNkulunkulu wakuqinisekisa lokho akusho.

Johane 11: 25-26 (RVR 1960) 25 UJesu wathi kuye: Mina ngingukuvuka nokuphila; okholwa yimi, noma efa, wophila. 26 Futhi wonke umuntu ophilayo ekholwa kimi kasoze afa phakade. Uyakukholwa lokhu?

Ngokufanayo, uJesu wathi:

Johane 10: 30 (RVR 1960): Mina noBaba simunye.

Y

Johane 10: 38 (RVR 1960): Kodwa uma ngiyenza, noma ningangikholwa, kholwani yimisebenzi, ukuze nazi, nikholwe ukuthi uBaba ukimi, nami ngikuBaba.

Okunye ukubonakaliswa nezambulo zikaNkulunkulu

Ziningi izibonakaliso nezambulo uNkulunkulu asibonisa zona ngomsebenzi wakhe, ngisho nangesayensi. Kuzo zonke, ambalwa kuphela aboniswa ngezansi:

UNkulunkulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezibalo

UNkulunkulu uvumele ulwazi lwesayensi kumuntu, yingakho ososayensi bengasungula noma bathole izibalo zezibalo ezingasetshenziswa ukuklama imoto noma ukwazi ngokuhamba kweplanethi, njll. Ososayensi abaningi emhlabeni bacabanga ukuthi izibalo kwakuwulimi uNkulunkulu abhala ngalo imithetho yendawo yonke futhi yingakho kunomkhathi ohlelekile.

KwabaseRoma 11: 33-36 33 Yeka ukuthi inkulu kangakanani inotho kaNkulunkulu, yeka ukuthi kukhulu kangakanani ukuhlakanipha nokuqonda kwakhe. Akekho ongachaza izinqumo zikaNkulunkulu, futhi akekho ongaqonda ukuthi wenzani nokuthi ukwenza kanjani. 34 “Ngubani owazi umqondo weNkosi na? Ubani onganikeza iseluleko kuNkulunkulu? 35 Kakho otsheleke uNkulunkulu ulutho uNkulunkulu abophe ngalo ukububuyisela.” 36 UNkulunkulu wadala zonke izinto futhi zonke zikhona ngaye futhi zidala yena. Makube kuNkulunkulu udumo kuze kube phakade! Makube njalo

UNkulunkulu uzembula emininingwaneni ye-DNA

Ososayensi bathole ukuthi umuntu ngamunye unolwazi oluhlukile lwezakhi zofuzo, asikho isidalwa esinalolo lwazi olufana nolomunye umuntu. Lolo lwazi lutholakala kumangqamuzana omuntu, ayizigidi zawo. Ukuhlakanipha okunjengoNkulunkulu kuphela obekungenza into enjalo, akekho omunye.

UNkulunkulu uzibonakalisa ngesipiliyoni sezenkolo

Ngaphandle kwakho konke ukubonakaliswa okubonwe ngaphambili, umKristu uyaqiniseka ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona ngenxa nje yokuthi uye wakuthola enhliziyweni yakhe, ngokuba nobuhlobo naye. Ngendlela efanayo ukuthi ungaba nobuhlobo nobaba, kanjalo umKristu angaba nakho ngaleyondlela.

Okufanele ukwenze ngaphambi kokukhula kwe-Atheism

Ngaphambili kwakungenzeka ukwazi ngesambulo uNkulunkulu asinika bonke abantu bebonke. Okusho ukuthi wonke umuntu uyazi, uyazi ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona, ngakho akekho ongaphunyuka kulelo qiniso. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu bafuna ukuqhubeka beyiziwula bephika ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu.

Kodwa kukhona futhi elinye iqiniso eliwukuthi ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kuyaqhubeka nokukhula emhlabeni futhi lokhu kuyinto ebonakala emphakathini. Kuyadingeka ukukhombisa ngoba kunokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu okwengeziwe, nanka amaphuzu athile ngakho:

-Abantu abaningi emadeskini esonto futhi bambalwa abantu abashumayelayo: Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi umKristu udinga ukujula futhi afunde ezwini, kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuthi aphume aye kubantu ukuze anikeze umusa lokho umusa owamukelwe. Ezweni baningi abantu abalindele ukwamukela kuNkulunkulu, ngakho umKristu kufanele abe yindlela uNkulunkulu azinikela ngayo kwabanye.

-Abantu abaningi bathi bayakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kodwa baphila ngaphandle kwakhe: AmaKristu amaningi ayilahlile iNkosi, kunamaKrestu amaningi angenawo intshisekelo kanye nentshiseko encane ngoKristu. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezenza kube nokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu okwengeziwe emhlabeni ezikhathini zamuva nje. Ngoba kuncane kukaKristu. Ukuze uxazulule lezi, kuyadingeka ukuqala ekhaya, abazali nezingane zabo, bazinike isikhathi sokuhlanganyela izwi, ukulondoloza inkanuko kaKristu. Funa uKristu nsuku zonke, kusekhona ukuphila, iNkosi ingafaka enhliziyweni ngayinye isifiso nentshiseko yokumfuna, ukumkhonza. Vuka zonke izinsuku uthi: Nkosi, yini ofuna ukuyifundisa namuhla, yini engenziwa namuhla ngabantu abangakholelwa kuwe?

Ngisho nangokwengeziwe kulezi zikhathi kungashiwo ukuthi ukuphela, ngokwalokho okwenzeka emhlabeni. Mayelana nalokhu, ngikumema ukuba ufunde lesi sihloko: Ukuphela kwezinkathi: Ingabe i-Apocalypse ifikile? ingqikithi yeBhayibheli ye-eschatological noma i-apocalyptic futhi kuningi okulotshwe ngayo eBhayibhelini. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi lesi sihloko singase sidide abanye, sikhathazeke ngabanye, nokho kumKristu simelela izindaba ezinhle ngempela. Ngoba libonisa indlela ukufika kweNkosi yethu uJesu Kristu kulotshwe kahle ngayo.

Kudingekile ukubathandazela abangakholwa

Okokuqala okumele ukwenze ukuthandazela abantu abangakakholwa. Uma endaweni omaziyo umuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, kufanele umthandazele. UNkulunkulu ngomusa wakhe ongapheli angenza umsebenzi wokukuholela kuKristu.

kufanele ulalele kuqala

Uma umazi lowo muntu, kudingeka ufune ukumazi okwengeziwe ukuze umqonde. Ukulalela esikhundleni sokukhuluma, ukuzifaka ezicathulweni zalowo muntu, udinga ukuhamba imayela elilodwa, amabili noma amathathu ngaphezulu ezicathulweni zalowo muntu futhi ubonise isithakazelo kumuntu.

Okokuqala kubalulekile ukubuza imibuzo ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukunikeza izingxabano. Kudingeka ukwazi ukuthi livelaphi, uyini umlando walo, kubalulekile ukulalela okwengeziwe. Ngoba uma engazilaleli izimpendulo mhlawumbe zinikezwa akuzona lezi azifuna kuNkulunkulu ngesimo aphila kuso.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi sebenzisa izwi likaNkulunkulu

Uma uNkulunkulu evumela ithuba lokuxoxa nomuntu ongakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, akufanele wesabe noma ungazethembi ngoba awukwazi noma awunalo ulwazi lwesayensi. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphikisa izimpikiswano eziphika ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu kungezwi likaNkulunkulu. Ungasebenzisa izindima zeBhayibheli okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko noma ezinye eziningi, iBhayibheli licebile kuzo.

Udinga ukufunda izwi likaNkulunkulu

Kuyadingeka ukufunda izwi likaNkulunkulu, abaningi abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu bacabanga ukuthi ikholwa liyisiphukuphuku futhi kungenxa yokuthi ngezinye izikhathi abazi nokuthi iBhayibheli ngokwalo liyini. Bese besondela bebuza kanti abazi ukuthi baphendule kanjani ngeqiniso likaNkulunkulu. Kuyadingeka ukufunda umlando wobuKristu, ukwazi ngoNkulunkulu, ngoJesu Kristu, ngabaprofethi, ngamaqhawe okholo, ngamafuphi, mayelana nezwi likaNkulunkulu lokuxolisa.

udinga ukuthanda abantu

Kudingeka ukuthanda abantu ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye, uma uphambi komuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu akufanele ubonise ukwesaba, kunalokho kufanele ubonise uthando. Manje, ukuthi baboniswa uthando akusho ukuthi ngeke bakhululeke kancane. Lokhu kuhle ukubenza bangakhululeki kancane, kodwa kufanele ukwenze ngothando. IBhayibheli lithi:

Hebheru 4:12 12 Izwi likaNkulunkulu liyaphila, linamandla, libukhali kunezinkemba zonke ezisika nhlangothi zombili, lihlaba lijule, lahlukanise umphefumulo nomoya, amalunga namathambo, lahlulele imicabango nemizwa. zezinhliziyo zethu.

Kuyadingeka ukwethula uKristu

Nakuba isambulo sikaNkulunkulu esijwayelekile sibalulekile kumuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ukuthi asibone, uKristu uyisambulo esihle kakhulu sikaNkulunkulu, ukubonakaliswa kwakhe okukhethekile ukuze abantu basindiswe. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukubhekana nabantu ngesiphambano nokuvuka kukaKristu.

Isiphambano sinamandla amangalisayo futhi lapho umuntu ethulwa kuKristu kwenzeka izinto ezimangalisayo.

Kuleli phuzu kuhle ukuveza amazwi acashunwe entweni eyashiwo omunye wabaholi bentsha i-atheism, uSam Harris, ngoDkt. William Lane Craig, uprofesa waseBiola University. Umuntu omusha ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu wathi:

-UDkt. William Lane Craig ungumxolisi ongumKristu obonakala ethule ukwesaba uNkulunkulu kwabanye abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu-

Sam khanyile

Ukuze umuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kuleli zinga asho lokhu ngomunye umuntu, yingoba lowo muntu wenza umthelela. Futhi umthelela ukhiqizwa ngoba umuntu ubonakalisa uKristu, ebonisa ukubonakaliswa kukaKristu. Okushiwo uHarris ngoDokotela uWilliam Lane Craig, kuletha ukucaphuna omunye umusho owashiwo uDietrich Bonhoeffer, isazi sezenkolo saseJalimane esabulawa amaNazi ngo-1945, lendoda yake yathi:

-impilo yakho njengomKristu kufanele yenze abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu bakungabaze ukungakholwa kwabo-

UDietrich Bonhoeffer

Okwakushiwo uDietrich kwakuwukuthi lapho umuntu ebona noma ekhuluma nomKristu, ukuthi othile angasho ukuthi ngiyamuzwa futhi angenza ngingabaze ukungakholwa kwami, yilokho uKristu akwenza lapho esemhlabeni, yilokho akubonakalisa.

Nathi sahlukaniswa noKristu

Nathi sake sahlukaniswa noKristu futhi singabezwe. Kufanele sikhumbule:

Efesu 2: 12 (NASB) Khumbulani ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi nahlukaniswa noKristu, ningavunyelwe ukuba yizakhamuzi zakwa-Israyeli, ningabafokazi ezivumelwaneni zesithembiso, ningenathemba, ningenaNkulunkulu ezweni.

Ake sicabange ngalokhu namuhla, ngabe sikude nabantu namuhla?Sikude noNkulunkulu namuhla?Sinjani namuhla?

Sekuyisikhathi sokuthi ungabe usaphila ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu, nosuku olulodwa ngaphezulu,

Nkosi angisafuni ukuphila ngaphandle kwakho!

Ngifuna ukuba lowo ofuna ngibe yikho

Ekhaya, emsebenzini wami, noma ngabe ngikuphi

Mnumzane! Ngiyakubuza

Ukuthi lapho abantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu

Nakuwe Jesu, ngibone

angakubona

Yini engingayisho:

Ngifuna engikubona kulowo muntu

Amen!

Ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, izibalo kanye nezibalo zabantu

Ukuthola inani eliqondile labantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu emhlabeni kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu ukuwufeza. Ngoba lokho okungabhekwa njengokuphika ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu kungahluka ngokwamazwe. Kumarekhodi ezibalo ngale ndaba, isilinganiso esenziwe ngo-2007 singacashunwa, sibe nemiphumela elandelayo:

• Amaphesenti angu-2,3 abantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ngokuphathelene nenani labantu emhlabeni
• U-11,9% wabantu abangakholwa, kungabalwa abantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu

Olunye ulwazi olungatholakala ucwaningo olwenziwa ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kwezinkampani ezizimele zocwaningo lwemakethe kanye nenhlolovo phakathi nonyaka ka-2012. Ngaleso sikhathi kwaboniswana okulandelayo:

• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uya endaweni yokukhulekela noma cha, ungasho yini ukuthi ungumuntu osontayo, ongasonti, noma ungumuntu okholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona?

Imiphumela yombuzo yaba:

• U-59% wabantu emhlabeni uthe bayakholwa
• U-23% wabantu emhlabeni uthe awukholwa
• I-13% yabantu bomhlaba bazisholo ukuthi bayakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona.

Ngokuphathelene nendawo yamaphesenti enani labantu okuthiwa abakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona, laba batholakala eMpumalanga Asia, ikakhulukazi eChina:

• IsiShayina (47%)
• Japan (31%)
• I-Western Europe (ngokwesilinganiso i-14%), neFrance inamaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu angama-29%

Amazwe ayishumi nanye anenani eliphakeme kakhulu labantu okuthiwa abakholelwa kuNkulunkulu yilawa alandelayo

1. – iShayina (47%)
2. - Japan (31%)
3. - I-Czech Republic (30%)
4. - France (29%)
5. - INingizimu Korea (15%)
6. - Germany (15%)
7. - I-Netherlands (14%)
8. - I-Austria (10%)
9. - I-Iceland (10%)
10. – Australia (10%)
11. - I-Ireland (10%).

Ngokuphambene, izizwe eziyishumi ezinephesenti eliphakeme kakhulu labantu bezenkolo zaziyizi:

1. - IsiGhana
2. – eNigeria
3. - I-Armenia
4. – Fiji
5. - IsiMacedonian
6. – Romania
7. - I-Iraq
8. – Kenya
9. - Peru
10. -Brazil

Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa ngaphambi kwalokhu kuxoxiswana, ngo-2005 ngocwaningo olufanayo kungabonakala ukuthi inkolo yehle ngo-9%. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kukhule ngo-3%.

Ocwaningweni lwangowezi-2012, kuphinde kwatholakala ukuthi inani labantu bezenkolo liphezulu esigabeni senhlalo yabantu abampofu, umehluko we-17%.

Kwaphawulwa nokuthi njengoba amazwe echuma, inani labantu abathi lingokwenkolo liyancipha. Okunye okwathakazelisa ukuthi inani labantu elizibheka njengenkolo liphansi phakathi kwamazwe anemfundo eyengeziwe.

Ngokuvamile, inani labantu abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu emhlabeni liphansi emazweni abhekwa njengampofu futhi angathuthukile. Ukwandisa ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu emazweni acebile nathuthukile. Kulokhu, isazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo saseMelika esingakholelwa ebukhoneni buka-Nigel William Thomas Barber sathi:

-Ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kuyachuma lapho abantu abaningi bezizwa bevikelekile ngokwezomnotho, ikakhulukazi kumodeli yeNordic kanye nentando yeningi yezenhlalo yaseYurophu, njengoba kunokungaqiniseki okuncane mayelana nekusasa ngenxa yamanethi abanzi okuphepha komphakathi kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo okungcono okuzuza izinga eliphezulu neminyaka yokuphila enempilo. inani labantu; ngokungafani nezizwe ezingathuthukile, lapho cishe bengekho abantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu.

U-Nigel Barber