Kungenzeka ukuthi muva nje uyazibuza ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle, futhi impendulo yalowo mbuzo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngoba akuyona izinhlanzi kuphela, kunalokho, kunezinhlanzi kuphela, kodwa kukhona nezinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo. nokunye okuningi, ngakho sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda lokhu okuthunyelwe.
izilwane zasolwandle
Izilwane zasolwandle ziye zabizwa ngokuthi zonke izilwane ezihlala emanzini anosawoti, okungukuthi, emanzini olwandle noma olwandle, lapho zichitha khona ukuphila kwazo konke noma, okungenani, ingxenye enkulu. Kulesi sihloko, sizokukhombisa ulwazi oluthile mayelana nezilwane ezihlala kuleyo ndawo, nokuthi ziyini, yiziphi izinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle nokuthi yiziphi izici zazo eziyinhloko.
Ngeshwa, sikutshela ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zasolwandle esezishabalala ngokuphelele, ngakho lezi ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle ongeke ukwazi ukuhlangana nazo ngaphandle kwezithombe noma ukuqoshwa okulondoloziwe, kanye nezibonelo ezithile, ikakhulukazi. amathambo abo, agcinwe eminyuziyamu nasemalabhorethri, kunoma yikuphi, sizobalula ezinye zazo kanye nezici zazo ezigabeni zakamuva zalesi sihloko.
Ziyini Izilwane Zasolwandle?
Izilwane zasolwandle yizo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezinendawo yazo noma ezichitha isikhathi sazo esiningi emanzini. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi amanzi olwandle enza u-71% woqweqwe lomhlaba wethu, kusobala ukuthi ukusho ukuthi isibalo sezilwane zasolwandle ezikhona sikhulu kakhulu, kodwa futhi yizilwane ezithinteke kakhulu emhlabeni. okuhlobene nosongo lokuqothulwa, ngenxa yemisebenzi ehlobene nokudoba kanye nomthelela umuntu awukhiqize endaweni yakhe.
Izinhlobo Zezilwane Zasolwandle
Izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zasolwandle zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:
- Izilwane zasolwandle ezingawadingi ngokuphelele amanzi:
Lezi yizinhlobo zezilwane ezidinga izwekazi ukuze zizale, ngoba zinamaphuphu azo, kungaba ngasogwini noma ogwini, kodwa futhi zithola ukudla kwazo kwezinye izilwane zasolwandle, njengezinhlanzi ezincane. , futhi ziyakwazi njalo ukukhula eduze namanzi, lapho futhi enekhono lokubhukuda futhi angahlala ecwile isikhathi eside. Lokhu kucatshangwa kwemindeni yezilwane ezifana nezinja zamanzi, amaphengwini namabhubesi olwandle.
- Izilwane zasolwandle eziwadinga ngokuphelele amanzi
Lena imindeni yezilwane ezizalwa, ezikhulayo, ezizalayo futhi ezifela emanzini, ngoba yindawo yazo yemvelo. Kwenzelwa ukuthi ngaphandle kwayo bangakwazi ukuqhubeka nempilo yabo. Izibonelo ezimbalwa zale mindeni yezilwane yi-squid, ingwane, izinhlanzi, imikhomo, oshaka nabanye abaningi.
Yiqiniso, kufanele sisho ukuthi izinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle azizona izinhlanzi kuphela. Eqinisweni, ezinhlotsheni zezilwane zasolwandle kufanele sihlanganise nezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni, njengama-seagull, izilwane ezincelisayo njengamahlengethwa nemikhomo, ngisho nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezifana nezimfudu zasolwandle noma izinyoka zasolwandle.
Uhlu lwezinhlobo eziyinhloko zezilwane zasolwandle
Kusukela manje kulesi sihloko, sifuna ukukubonisa izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezilwane zasolwandle, kodwa siyakuxwayisa ukuthi kukhona ezinye eziningi, kodwa lezo esizokhuluma ngazo zihluke kakhulu, zinemibala ehlukene nobukhulu obuhlukile. akufani kakhulu.
izimbaza
Ama-clam ayizinhlobo ze-bivalve molluscs, ezivikelwe amagobolondo anobukhulu obulinganayo, ahlala emanzini anosawoti futhi anamandla okumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-5 no-35 degrees.
Imikhomo
Kungenzeka ukuzithola kuzo zonke izilwandle nezilwandle zomhlaba. Lezi yizilwane eziyingxenye yomndeni we-cetacean, oqukethe inani elikhulu lezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala emanzini. Okufanele kugqanyiswe njengento ebalulekile ubukhulu bayo obukhulu. Esinye isici ukuthi kuye kwabonakala ukuthi ziyakwazi ukuxhumana zisebenzisa imisindo njengoba kwenza amahlengethwa.
umkhomo onentshebe
Esigabeni esidlule sike sakhuluma ngemikhomo, kodwa esingakubalulanga ukuthi imikhomo ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili, i-baleen kanye namazinyo. I-Baleen whales iningi lemikhomo evame ukubonakala. Lawa ma-baleen yizakhiwo ezisebenza njengohlobo lwe-strainer futhi atholakala emihlathini yemikhomo, lapho engakwazi khona ukuhlunga ukudla kwawo emanzini.
Mayelana nolunye uhlobo lwemikhomo, okungamazinyo, kumele sikutshele ukuthi iyizilwane ezidla inyama, yingakho inamazinyo, futhi inamandla okuzingela inyamazane yayo, isebenzisa amaqhinga ahlukene.
I-Seahorse
Kuyisilwane esidonsa amehlo amaningi ngenxa yokubukeka kwaso okukhethekile kanye nesici, osekusenze saba ubuhle bolwandle, kodwa ukwakheka kwaso kanye nemikhuba yaso kungavamile kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ezinakho okungavamile kakhulu ukuziphatha kwazo nokuzalanisa, ngoba ama-seahorses anendlela ekhethekile yokuzalanisa lapho kuyiduna elifukamela amaqanda. Inesimo sehhashi, nekhala eligqame kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezingafika ku-40 zama-seahorses.
Izikhalazo
Ziyi-cephalopod molluscs edla inyama. Yebo, wonke lawo magama angawabo futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukukwazi ukuhlukanisa, ngoba cishe kunezinhlobo ezingu-300 kanye nemindeni engama-29 ye-squid. Afana ncamashi nama-octopus, ngoba anamatende amabili anama-suckers, futhi agqama ngokuba nezingalo eziyisishiyagalombili.
Izinkalankala
Izinkalankala ziyizinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle ezingama-crustaceans futhi ezinamapheya amahlanu emilenze, kodwa kufanele sikuxwayise ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine. Nakuba singakutshela ukuthi bangamalungu omndeni wama-arthropods, bane-exoskeleton abazivikela ngayo ezweni langaphandle. Angatholakala emabhishi nasemifuleni, nakuba indawo yawo evamile isogwini lolwandle.
Iminenke
Uma sikhuluma ngeminenke, kungenzeka ukuthi okufikayo emqondweni yizilwane ezihamba kancane, nokho lezi zilwane ezithandekayo zinezici eziningi ezingavamile ezizodonsa ukunaka kwethu. Sinaso njengesibonelo salokhu ukuthi singathola iminenke elala ebusika nokuthi ungqimba lwe-slime oluvala imizimba yazo yilo oluvimba ukuthi lome.
Uma kwenzeka kuba nenkinga enkulu yesomiso, bayakwazi nokulala ehlobo, ngenhloso yokuzama ukusinda esimweni sezulu esibi. Kuneminenke ephila iminyaka emi-5, kanti eminye ehlala endle isikwazi ukuphila iminyaka engama-25.
Amakhorali
Ekuqaleni banikeza isithombe sokuthi bayizitshalo, kodwa empeleni lokhu akunjalo, ngoba bayizilwane zasemanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banemibala nokubunjwa okukhangayo kakhulu futhi bahlala emakoloni lapho kwakhiwa khona izixhobo ezinhle. Cishe 2500 izinhlobo zamakhorali zasolwandle zingatholakala. Okunye okuhlukile ukuthi azinawo umgogodla futhi ziyizilwane ezilula kakhulu. Indawo yayo isezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zingatholakala ezihlala olwandle lwase-arctic.
Amahlengethwa
Lesi silwane esincelisayo esinelukuluku saziwa yibo bonke, futhi ngokuzenzakalelayo sisibangela uzwelo nokwazisa, ngaphezu kwezimo zamahlengethwa asize abantu abaningi esikhathini sobunzima. Baziwa ngokuba yizilwane ezinobungane kakhulu ezidlala kakhulu zodwa kanye nabaqeqeshi bazo, ngaphezu kokukhulumisana zodwa futhi kuboniswe ukuthi ziphakathi kwezilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu ezikhona.
Lezi izinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle ezidinga ukuza phezulu ukuze ziphefumule, ngoba zinokuphefumula kwamaphaphu futhi ziyakwazi ukubhukuda nokuhamba amabanga amade, nakuba zingakwazi ukutshuza isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-15. Zinyakaza njengokungathi ziyi-radar lapho zithola ukudla kwazo futhi zibala amabanga okubhukuda ngenxa yesimiso sazo se-echolocation. Lezi yizilwane ezithandana kakhulu.
Izinkanyezi zasolwandle
Indawo yazo itholakala olwandle nolwandle futhi isengcupheni yokushabalala, ngenxa yokungcola okukhulu esizifaka kukho. Lezi ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle eziyizilwane ezingenamgogodla, zinezingalo ezinhlanu ezigcina endaweni eyodwa, okuyikhona okuzinikeza leso simo esihle senkanyezi. Bangamalungu omndeni we-echinoderm futhi abanawo ubuchopho, nakuba banesimiso sezinzwa esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Lezi yizilwane ezizwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kokukhanya nezinga lokushisa, yingakho zihlala emanzini anosawoti kuphela.
Izimpawu
Lezi yizilwane ezakha umndeni wama-marine pinnipeds, noma izilwane ezincelisayo ezajwayela ukuphila emanzini. Kunezinhlobo ezingu-19 zezimvu zamanzi ezihlala emanzini asogwini ezisabalele emhlabeni wonke, ngaphandle kwasezindaweni ezishisayo. Ngenxa yamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba sazo, ziyakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi. Ukudla kwabo ngokuyisisekelo kwenziwa ama-crustaceans, izinhlanzi, ama-cephalopod ngisho namaphengwini nezinye izimvu zamanzi ezizingelayo ngokwazo. Amadevu abo angamathuluzi abawasebenzisayo ukubona ukudlidliza nokuthola inyamazane yabo.
ama-prawns
Ngokuvamile zihlala ngaphansi kolwandle futhi zingama-crustaceans ayingxenye yohlelo lwe-Decapoda. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezimfanzi. Ziyizilwane ezingenamgogodla ezine-exoskeleton futhi zidla ulwelwe, i-plankton nezinye izinhlanzi.
ama-seagulls
Ziyizinyoni ezaziwa kakhulu eMelika naseYurophu, zingaba nesisindo esiphakathi kuka-120 namakhilogremu angu-1,75, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwazo. Ziyakwazi ukuhamba emanzini ngobuchule futhi zihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi zinomphakathi. Ukudla kwabo kwakhiwe izinambuzane, izinhlanzi, ama-squid, izinkalankala nemifino.
manatee
Ziyizilwane ezincelisayo ezigqama ngobukhulu bazo, kodwa-ke, ukudla kwazo imifino, ikakhulukazi izitshalo. Lezi yizilwane ezihamba kancane. Futhi bayavilapha kakhulu futhi banesikhathi sokuphila esifika eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha. Banomshini wokuphefumula wamaphaphu futhi bahlala kakhulu emanzini afudumele kakhulu.
I-Jellyfish
Kucatshangwa ukuthi zingesinye sezilwane ezindala kakhulu ezikhona, ngoba kuye kwatholakala izinsalela ze-jellyfish esezineminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-700 ubudala. Kusenezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili futhi ezinye izinhlobo zingaphila phezulu, kuyilapho ezinye izinhlobo zidinga ukujula kolwandle ukuze ziphile. Abanabo ubuchopho, kodwa banesimiso sezinzwa esithuthuke kakhulu esisebenza njengesamukeli.
Izimbaza
Indawo yayo isekujuleni kolwandle nasogwini. Ziyingxenye ye-Pulmonata oda futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene. Banemicu yegill eyenza ukudla kube lula ngeplankton. Lezi izilwane ezithanda ukuba ndawonye ezihlala eziningi ndawonye futhi eziphila iminyaka engaba ngu-70.
AmaBrunette
Okushiwo ngama-moray eels ukuthi anesimilo esibi, ngoba iyinhlanzi enolaka ngokuphelele. Ziba nobude obukhulu kakhulu, i-eel engenawo amaphiko e-pectoral kanye ne-ventral, futhi ayinawo amazenga. Indawo yayo itholakala, ikakhulukazi, ezindaweni ezinamatshe kanye nezixhobo zamakhorali zolwandle olushisayo nolwandle olushisayo.
Killer imikhomo
Lezi yizilwane eziyingxenye ye-cetaceans yomndeni wakwaDelphinida, okungukuthi, angamahlengethwa, ikakhulukazi yizinhlobo ezinkulu zamahlengethwa. Zibuye zaziwa ngamagama ama-killer whales futhi ziyizilwane ezidla inyama, njengoba ukudla kwazo kwakhiwe ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Anomkhuba wokuhlala ngamaqembu, ngakho ayabambisana, futhi la maqembu angakhiwa abantu abaphakathi kuka-6 no-60. Banohlelo lokuphefumula kwamaphaphu, ngakho-ke badinga ukuphefumula ngaphandle kwamanzi futhi babe nesikhathi sokumitha esingaba yizinyanga eziyi-17.
Inhlanzi ye-Guppy
Ingenye yezinhlanzi zasezindaweni ezishisayo ezaziwa kakhulu emanzini asezindaweni ezihlala emanzini emhlabeni jikelele. Lezi yizinhlanzi eziwubuhle bangempela, obungatholakala ngemibala ekhangayo kakhulu futhi ehluke kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, ingenye yezinhlanzi ezilula kakhulu zokukhiqiza ekuthunjweni. Kunezinhlobo ezingafika kwezingama-300 zama-guppies.
amaphengwini
Ziyizinyoni ezingandizi, ukudla kwazo okwakhiwe ezinye izinhlobo zasemanzini ezingatholakala olwandle njengezinhlanzi, ama-squid noma izimfanzi, phakathi kwezinye. Kukhona uhlobo lwepenguin olukhulu kakhulu okuyi-emperor penguin futhi olungakala ngaphezu kwemitha, lufinyelele kumakhilogremu angama-35 ngesisindo. Nakuba ngokuvamile behlala ezindaweni ezibandayo, kungenzeka futhi ukuthola amaqembu ahlala enyakatho yeGalapagos Islands.
Amapulangwe
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zalezi zinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle ukuthi zinezingalo eziyisishiyagalombili ezimbozwe amasucker ayishumi nambili. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-300 ezihlukahlukene ze-octopus futhi iyisilwane esihlakaniphe kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka bezizwa besongelwa isilwane esizingelayo, bayakwazi ukukhipha uyinki njengesivikelo. Baphila iminyaka emi-2 besendle futhi kufike eminyakeni emi-5 ekuthunjweni.
izinyoka zasolwandle
Baziwa ngokuthi yi-Hydrophiinae kanye nezinyoka ezinobuthi. Bayakwazi ukuphila ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamanzi. Zinemibala egqame kakhulu futhi zihlala phakathi koLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya nePacific. Zinamazenga futhi ziyabhukuda ngenxa yomsila osebenza njengophephela.
Oshaka
Yinhlanzi ephefumula ngamagill futhi ikwazi ukuhamba nezimpiko zayo, kodwa akugcini lapho, kodwa oshaka bahlala bentanta ngenxa yesibindi sabo esivelele nesinamafutha. Ziyizilwane ezinama-cartilaginous ezingenalo uhlelo lwamathambo futhi zikhula impilo yazo yonke.
Izimfudu zasolwandle
Ziyizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezihlala emanzini abandayo ezitholakala olwandle olushisayo futhi ezidinga izwe elikhulu ukuze zizalele amaqanda azo.
Ezinye Izinhlobo Zezilwane Zasolwandle
Kulesi sigaba se-athikili sifuna ukukubonisa ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi hlobo luni lwezilwane zasolwandle ezikhona, ukuze ukwazi ukubona futhi ufunde okwengeziwe ngazo, ngokombono wokuhlukaniswa phakathi kwezilwane ezinomgogodla noma ezingenamgogodla.
Ezingenamgogodla
- I-Echinoderms: iwuhlobo lwezilwane zasolwandle phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-urchin noma izinkanyezi. Bayiqembu elivame ukuba nesigaba esinama-spiny kakhulu ngaphakathi, yingakho igama labo ngesiGreki lisho isikhumba esinomgogodla. Kukhona cishe izinkulungwane eziyisi-7 zalezi zinhlobo olwandle.
- Izipanji: izilwane zakudala ezinembobo yezimbobo ezincane kanye nezimbotshana ezikwazi ukuhogela ngazo, amanzi akwazi ukungena nokuphuma kuwo umgodi omkhulu othola igama le-osculum. Izipontshi azinazo izicubu noma ukulinganisa komzimba. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba yizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalolunye zolwandle.
- Izikelemu zasolwandle: ziyingxenye yomndeni wama-equiuros, ama-nemertinos kanye nama-flatworms. Zinezinto ezihlukile zokuthi azihlobene nokuthi imizimba yazo ithambile futhi ibude ngokuphelele.
- Ama-Rotifers: Ama-Rotifer empeleni ayizilwane ezihlala emanzini anosawoti. Iningi lazo linendawo yokuphefumula ezungezwe amabhande ane-ciliated futhi adala uhlobo lwamanje olusebenzisa ukubamba ukudla okusendaweni yawo. Amanye ama-rotifers ngezinye izikhathi ahlala ngaphakathi kwamashubhu noma ama-capsules, ngakho-ke nawo ayancipha.
- Ama-Crustaceans: Ama-Crustaceans ayingxenye yomndeni we-arthropod futhi anegobolondo eli-chitinous ne-calcareous futhi litholakala ngaphandle. Baziwa ngoba bayingxenye yomndeni wezilwane ezingenamgogodla.
- Ama-molluscs: Anomzimba othambile, ngokuvamile avikelwe ngegobolondo. Phakathi kwezinto ezaziwa kakhulu singathola ama-bivalves afana nama-clams noma ama-oyster, ama-gastropods afana neminenke nama-slugs noma ama-cephalopod afana nama-octopus, i-cuttlefish noma i-squid.
Ama-Vertebrates
- Izinhlanzi: leli yiqembu elibanzi kakhulu lezinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle. Zinomzimba owenziwe yi-gill apparatus kanye namaphiko. Ngokuvamile banesikhumba esinamaxolo. Zinomgogodla, ngakho-ke ziyingxenye yezilwane ezinomgogodla ezingatholakala olwandle.
- Izilwane ezihuquzelayo: nazo ziyingxenye yezilwane ezinomgogodla, zinesikhumba esinamaxolo futhi zijwayele ukubonakala ngoba ziyakwazi ukukhasa, okuzenza zihluke kuzo zonke ezinye izilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyakwazi ukuza phezulu, izimfudu zasolwandle, izinyoka noma izingwenya ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezingahlala emanzini ahlanzekile noma anosawoti.
- Izilwane ezincelisayo: leli yiqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke lezilwane ezinomgogodla ezivamise ukuba ne-pulmonary apparatus kanye nekhono lokuzalana nge-viviparously, ngakho-ke zidinga ukuza phezulu ukuze zithathe umoya. Lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle zihlanganisa imikhomo, imikhomo ebulalayo noma amahlengethwa, okuyizilwane ezincelisayo okuthi, naphezu kokuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi, ziphefumulela phezulu ngenxa yembobo noma imbobo emakhanda azo. Abanye, njengezimvu zamanzi noma amabhubesi olwandle, bahlala emanzini nasemhlabeni, ngisho nasemanzini ahlanzekile, njengama-otters.
Njengoba usanda kubona, amanani ezilwane zasemanzini ezingatholakala olwandle maningi kakhulu, zonke ziphila ukuphila okuvamile, nemisebenzi yazo futhi zibonisa izici zazo ezinhle.
Ukuphila olwandle
Kufakazelwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi ukuphila kwazalelwa olwandle, inani lezinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle ezaziwayo likhulu, futhi cishe zonke ziyingxenye yochungechunge lokudla kwabanye abantu. Esivame ukukucabanga ukuthi izilwane zasolwandle ziyizinhlanzi kuphela, kodwa sesibonile ukuthi lokhu kuyiphutha, njengoba kunezinhlobo ezihlala olwandle noma eduze kwazo kuyo yonke imindeni yezilwane, phakathi kwazo sibale izilwane ezincelisayo: amahlengethwa, Imikhomo; izinyoni: ama-penguin, ama-cormorants, ama-seagull; izilwane ezihuquzelayo: inyoka yasolwandle, ufudu lwasolwandle, ngaphandle kwezilwane ezihlala emanzini, ngoba azikho izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, futhi kunenkolelo yokuthi isizathu siwukuthi izilwane ezihlala emanzini zavela kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, lapho sezikwazile ukuphuma olwandle.
Endaweni yasolwandle kuyenzeka uthole izinhlobo ezikhangayo, njengama-octopus, ezikwazi ukuzifihla noma yikuphi, zikwazi ukuthola umbala nokuthungwa kwamadwala noma indawo ewazungezile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyini. Baziwa futhi ngobuhlakani bazo obukhulu, amahlengethwa, mhlawumbe izilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu emhlabeni, ezinohlelo lokuxhumana oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu olubavumela ukuba bakhe amasu okuzingela kweqembu noma ukuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Kwesinye isikhathi, kuze kuzwakale izindaba ngamahlengethwa asiza abantu abaphahlazeke umkhumbi ukuthi basinde noma aphelezele izikebhe zokudoba, ebaqondisa ngasemabhange ezinhlanzi.
Izinhlobo Zezilwane Zasolwandle Ezisengozini Yokushabalala
Izindlela zokudoba ezisetshenziswa izinkampani ezinkulu futhi ezingayihloniphi kakhulu imvelo yasolwandle, njengokudoba ngamanetha, okuyinto eshanela ulwandle ngokoqobo, ihudula yonke into ekhona, hhayi izinhlanzi kuphela kodwa nezitshalo, ama-crustaceans, amakhorali nakho konke okusendaweni ezungezile. .
Ukudoba okukhulu kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezithatha iminyaka ukuzala futhi ngenxa yalokho ezizwelayo, futhi inani lazo elincipha kakhulu, njengoba kwenzeka ngemikhomo eluhlaza, engamamitha angu-35 ubude namathani acishe abe ngu-200, umkhomo omhlophe noma i-sperm whale, umsebenzi okhathazeke kakhulu ngabezemvelo.
Kodwa kungashiwo ukuthi usongo olukhulu ezinhlotsheni zasolwandle lutholakala ekucekeleni phansi kwendawo yazo, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo engaphansi kolwandle njengendawo yokulahla imfucumfucu. Isibonelo salesi simo sengqondo sokungabi nasibopho somuntu ngasolwandle isiqhingi sikadoti esintanta oLwandle i-Atlantic, esilingana nomphakathi ofana nowase-Extremadura.
Okulandelayo, sizogxila ekukuboniseni ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle ezisengozini yokushabalala, njengehlengethwa, i-blue whale, i-manatee, ushaka, i-monk seal, i-king salmon, i-sea otter nezinye eziningi. ngakho-ke masenze uhlu:
UDolphin
Amacetacean amancane anamazinyo, ngakho ukudla kwawo kuyadla, ayizilwane zasolwandle ezinendawo yazo emanzini apholile olwandle, ngokuvamile i-Atlantic nePacific. Inomzimba onyakazayo kakhulu futhi onamaphiko amancane.
Amahlengethwa angafinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-4 futhi abe nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-300. Bahlala ngamaqembu okungenani abantu abayisi-6. Lezi zisengozini yokushabalala, njengoba abadobi bezingela ukuze bazithengise ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini noma bazihlabe, njengoba kwenzeka eKorea noma eJapane, lapho zibhekwa njengezibiliboco.
Umkhomo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Imikhomo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uhlobo lwezilwane zasolwandle eziyizilwane ezincelisayo eziphuma emndenini we-cetacean futhi ngokuvamile zifinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-30. Iwumkhomo onesikhumba esibushelelezi, onongqimba olukhulu engxenyeni yawo engezansi, njengokungathi ungqimba lwezingubo ezishisayo.
Imikhomo izidalwa ezikwazi ukubhukuda ngenxa yokuthi ine-caudal fin ebekwe ivundlile. Le mikhomo isengcupheni yokushabalala ngoba yonke into ingasetshenziswa ekuzingeleni kwayo, njengoba amafutha etholakala emafutheni ayo, futhi inyama namathambo awo asetshenziswa njengokudla.
manatee
I-manatee iyisilwane esincelisayo sasemanzini esisengozini enkulu yokushabalala. Sekuyisikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi, kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nanhlanu, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ziye zadideka ne-mermaids, ngenxa yokuma kwemisila yazo.
Kuze kube namuhla, kucatshangwa ukuthi inganekwane yama-siren yayinomsuka wayo encazelweni yokuthi yenziwe nge-manatee, ngoba iyakwazi ukuxhumana ngaphansi kwamanzi, ngenxa yokukhishwa kwemisindo ye-short-frequency. Le misindo izwakala ngendlebe yomuntu, ngakho-ke yayingadideka nezingoma ze-siren.
Shark
Ukudoba kwazo ngokungakhethi kuyisizathu esiyinhloko esenza lezi zilwane ezihlaba umxhwele zisengozini yokushabalala. Eqinisweni, ingxenye yezinhlobo zoshaka ezazihlala olwandle seziphelile, futhi ngokolwazi olutholakala kososayensi, inani labo lehle ngo-95%.
Morena
I-moray eel inhlanzi enomumo obude futhi omncane, obukeka njengenyoka. Ngempela iyisilwane esinokuthula futhi ezolile, naphezu kokubukeka kwaso. Lezi zilwane zinendawo yazo ezindaweni zama-coral, ngoba umzimba wazo uzivumela ukuthi zihambe phezu kwazo ukuze zidle.
Esinye sezici zazo ukuthi zinesikhumba esinobuthi futhi zinamapheya amabili emihlathi, ukuze zikwazi ukuveza enye yazo iqonde inyamazane yazo futhi iyibambe, kuyilapho eyesibili isebenzela ukuyifaka emlonyeni wayo.
I-Monk Seal noma i-Friar Cofa
I-friar seal, ehlala eMedithera, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-monk seal, ingenye yezinhlobo ezingavamile ngoba azinazo izindlebe futhi zitholakala eMedithera, kodwa ngaphandle kwe-monk seal. ogwini lwaseMorocco kanye nogu lolwandle lwaseBulgaria. Iwuhlobo olusengozini enkulu yokushabalala ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, uma izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zingathathwa.
Okunye okusibuyisela emuva ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-80 ezibonelo zawo anyamalele, ngakho kusele abantu abadala abangaphansi kwama-250. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzama ukubuyisela lolu hlobo lwezilwane zaseSpain, yingakho kunesinyathelo sokuzibuyisela eCanary Islands.
I-Royal Salmon noma i-Chinook
Indawo yayo evamile yayisePacific Ocean, phakathi kweJapane neCalifornia, kodwa ngeshwa namuhla iwuhlobo oluthile olungatholakali kalula. Kukhona izazi zezinto eziphilayo ezikubheka ngokuqondile njengohlobo olusengozini yokushabalala. Izimo ezidingekayo ukuze i-king salmon iphile amanzi ahlanzekile anamazinga okushisa aphansi, ngakho ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuye kwabathinta kakhulu.
i-otter yolwandle
Indawo yayo iseNyakatho yePacific futhi sibhekisela ohlotsheni oluyingqayizivele lwe-Enhydra, okuyi-sea otter, kodwa ngeshwa ibilokhu inyamalala isuka eJapane iya eMexico. Lolu hlobo lwezilwane lusengcupheni yokushabalala ngenxa yokuzingela ngokungakhethi, ikakhulukazi okwenzeka phakathi kuka-1741 no-1911, lapho engakwazanga ukusimama khona. Ngisho nanamuhla, iyinto yokuzingela ngokungemthetho, isisulu sezingxabano phakathi kwemikhumbi yokudoba futhi ilahlekelwe ezingozini lapho uwoyela uchitheka khona olwandle.
Izinhlanzi zeNapoleon
Indawo yokuhlala ukusuka oLwandle Olubomvu ukuya e-Australia futhi ingenye yezinhlobo ezikhangayo kakhulu. Izinhlanzi zaseNapoleon zisengozini enkulu yokushabalala ngenxa yokuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwalezi zilwane. Le nhlanzi ingafinyelela ubude obungamamitha amabili futhi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-200, ziyizilwane ze-hermaphroditic futhi zihlale ziyizinsikazi, ubude bazo bokuphila buyiminyaka engu-20 kuya kwengu-30 futhi azinawo nhlobo ubudlova, futhi azilimazi abantu.
ingwane enkulu
Yebo, ingwane enkulu ikhona, nakuba ingekho ngobukhulu le nganekwane yasolwandle eyabelwe yona. Abantu baye babonwa abafinyelele cishe kumamitha angu-9, nakuba kuvamile kubo ukukala umkhawulo wamamitha angu-5.
Okufanele kwenziwe
Ikakhulukazi, kufanele wazi ukuthi indawo yasolwandle iyindawo enhle, egcwele izinhlobo eziyingqayizivele nezithakazelisayo, okufanele zaziwa, zihlonishwe futhi zivikelwe. Izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe ziningi futhi ziyaphuthuma, futhi into yokuqala okufanele igwenywe ukwenza imisebenzi ethathwa njengecekela phansi ulwandle nolwandle kanye nezinhlobo zazo, ikakhulukazi maqondana namasu okudoba nokuzingela abangawahloniphi futhi abangawahloniphi. bayangcolisa. Ngokunjalo, kunezinyathelo esingakwazi ukuzifinyelela, njengokunakekela amabhishi ethu.
Kunezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ezizibekele umgomo wokugqugquzela ukunakekelwa kolwandle kanye nezinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle, phakathi kwazo okukhona ukuthunjwa kwezinhlobo ezithile ezisengcupheni yokushabalala, njengofudu lwasolwandle, abaye babhekana nokuncishiswa kwemithombo yabo yokudla ngenxa yokungcola.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu njenge-ejenti yomonakalo
Njengoba ungabona ezincwadini eziningi ongazithola, izinhlobo eziningi zasolwandle zisengozini yokushabalala, njengoba kwenzeka ngoshaka, futhi ingxenye enkulu yecala umphumela owenziwe ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ngenxa yemisebenzi yezimboni. umuntu. Uma wenza ucwaningo mayelana nalokhu, amawebhusayithi ezinhlangano ezihlose ukuvikela izilwane angumthombo omuhle kakhulu wolwazi okungafanele uphuthelwe.
Kulezi zingosi, uzokwazi ukuthola inani elikhulu ledatha, izithombe, izifundo, amavidiyo nokunye okuningi, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi kuwebhusayithi eyodwa uthole lonke ulwazi oludingayo futhi ngendlela efinyeleleka kakhulu. Futhi, uma ufuna ukuqhubeka nokuthola ulwazi mayelana nezinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle kanye nezindlela zokuphila nezici zazo, kanye nezingozi ezivezwa kuzo, kunezinye izihloko eziningi ongazifunda.
Ungabheka kuphi ulwazi ngezinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle?
Kufanele sikusho ukuthi kunenombolo enkulu yamawebhusayithi lapho uzokwazi ukuthola zonke izithombe, amavidiyo kanye nolwazi oludingayo ukuze ukwazi ukuqoqa ulwazi ukuze wenze yonke imisebenzi yakho, noma ukwanelisa ilukuluku lakho. Kulokhu, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi:
I-inthanethi ngokujwayelekile: I-inthanethi ingenye yezindawo lapho idatha eyengeziwe ingatholakala khona, okuzodingeka ukuthi uyifake enjini yokusesha oyisebenzisayo amagama athi izilwane zasolwandle futhi uzothola amakhasi ayinkulungwane lapho uzothola khona. ulwazi ngabo. Uzokwazi nokufinyelela enanini elikhulu lezithombe kanye namavidiyo, ukuze ukwazi kakade ukuthi ungaqondisa kanjani usesho lwakho uma ufuna ukuthola ulwazi oluningi.
Ama-encyclopedia aku-inthanethi: futhi unayo iWikipedia onawo, okungenye yama-encyclopedia amakhulu akhona namuhla. Lapho ungathola lonke ulwazi mayelana nezinhlobo zokuphila zezinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle kanye nezidingo zazo, kanye nezingozi ezibhekene nazo njengamanje. Lapho uzothola izixhumanisi kwamanye amakhasi azoba nesithakazelo, lapho uzokwazi ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane futhi ufunde ikakhulukazi mayelana nalezo ozithola zithakazelisa kakhulu noma ozidingayo.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zamaselula: kufanele sikwazise ukuthi ungasesha izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Wikipedia zamadivayisi eselula ngolwazi olufanayo ongaluthola kuwebhusayithi futhi ungalusebenzisa futhi wabelane ngalo nanoma ubani omfunayo.
Izinkundla zemfundo: Kunezinkundla zemfundo eziyindawo enhle yokuthola ulwazi. Kuneziningana zazo futhi kulula kakhulu ukuzithola ngosesho olulula lwe-inthanethi.
Amajenali eSayensi anokufinyelela ku-inthanethi: ku-inthanethi kuyenzeka futhi ukwazi ukufinyelela inombolo enkulu yamajenali aku-inthanethi lapho uzokwazi ukuthola lonke ulwazi olufunayo mayelana nezinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle. Ngokuvamile, uzokwazi ukuthola izifundo ezihlukene eziye zenziwa izinhlobo zezilwane futhi uzokwazi ukuthola ngesimo sazo samanje, uma inani labo labantu lehlile, ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kubathinta kanjani, nokunye okuningi.
Uma usithandile lesi sihloko, ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo yokufunda: