Ibhu laziwa njengesinambuzane esinephiko elinezikhwepha, okuthi, njengezimvemvane, sithuthuke ngokushintshashintsha kwezigaba eziningana size sibe isinambuzane esikhulile. Badume ngokuba khona kwabo okungafuneki emakhabetheni ethu nasezikhabetheni lapho, njengezinambuzane, zonakalisa ukudla nezingubo. Njengoba uqhubeka ufunda uzofunda okwengeziwe ngamabhu.
Ayini amabhu?
Igama elithi inundu liye lahlukaniswa kuqala ezinambuzaneni ezehlukene ezigcwele ukudla okuthile noma izinto zasendlini njengezingubo noma ifenisha. Iphinde ibhekise kaningi kuyo yonke i-Lepidoptera yasebusuku, noma ingenabungozi.
Nakuba lingalungile ncamashi, igama elithi nundu livame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisela ezimvemvaneni zasebusuku, ezakhiwe izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ze-Lepidoptera ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa kwe-taxonomic, kodwa eziqoqwe ngaphansi kwe-Heterocera.
Ibhu ngokuyinhloko libizwa ngokuthi izinhlobonhlobo zezimvemvane ezinobukhulu obulinganiselwe kanye nemikhuba yasebusuku izibungu zazo ezidla ukudla okugciniwe noma izinto zasendlini njengezingubo nephepha. Ziyizinambuzane ze-Lepidoptera oda, njengezimvemvane, iqembu elinobukhona obukhulu bezinambuzane. Igama elithi lepidoptera livela kwelesiGrikhi elithi "lepis" elisho "izikali" kanye "ptera" okusho ukuthi "amaphiko".
Izimpawu ze-Moth
Izici zalezi zinambuzane zenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa kwezinye, njengezimvemvane, ezivame ukufana kakhulu nalezi. Nazi ezinye zezinto eziyinhloko eziyizimpawu zayo:
Umzimba
Ibonisa i-torso enkulu lapho kuphuma khona imilenze namaphiko. Njengoba amaphiko azo embozwe amazenga, lapho ezibamba ngokuvamile adedela uhlobo oluthile lothuli olunamathela eminweni. Zinezisetshenziswa zomlomo ezinde nezisongelene, njengolimi ezilusebenzisa ukumunca uketshezi.
Ukudla
Amabhu ayikilasi lezinambuzane ze-saprophagous, okungukuthi, zidla izinto eziphilayo, ukuze zibe izinambuzane. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwazo zidla izinto ezihlukene ezihlukene ngokwezinhlobo. Noma kunjalo, lapho sebekhulile abanye abadli, kodwa bazinikele ekondleni izibungu zabo. Amabhu eLarval ngokuvamile adla izicubu ezivela emithonjeni yemvelo (uboya, isikhumba, njll.) ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala, okubangela umonakalo omkhulu ezingutsheni zethu, amakhethini, njll.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Amabhu amadala ngokuvamile aphila isikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ngemva kokudedela amaqanda azo, ezinsikazi ziphila kusukela ezinsukwini ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-16 ngaphezulu, kanti amaduna angaphila cishe inyanga. Isikhathi esisithathayo sisuka eqandeni siye kumuntu omdala singahluka kusukela enyangeni eyodwa kuya kwezintathu futhi ubukhona bayo bonke bungathatha iminyaka emithathu noma ngaphezulu.
Habitat
Amabhu avame ukutholakala ezihlaza. Zingaphila kuzo zonke izindawo zezwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica futhi ngokuvamile ziningi kakhulu futhi ziyahlukahluka ezindaweni ezishisayo. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezindawo, kusukela ogwadule kuya ezintabeni, kuhlanganise namaxhaphozi namahlathi.
Umjikelezo Wokukhiqiza Ibhu
Lezi zinambuzane zizalana ngokocansi ngemva kwalokho zibe namaphuphu azo ngamaqanda, okungukuthi, a-oviparous. Ziyi-holometabolous, okungukuthi, ukuguqulwa noma i-metamorphosis yamabhu yakhiwa izigaba ezine: iqanda, isibungu, i-chrysalis futhi ekugcineni isimo sokukhula. Lapho ifuna umngane womshado, insikazi inesibopho sokukhiqiza ama-pheromones azohogela eyeduna, ezokhangwa inundu lensikazi ukuze iqale ukuvundiswa kwamaqanda.
Uma umbhangqwana wamabhu usuhlangene, uqhubeka nokuhlanganisa izisu futhi iduna lisebenzisa ama-appendages amafushane abizwa ngokuthi ukuvala ukuze libambelele kowesifazane futhi ngaleyo ndlela likwazi ukuqala ukuzala. Lokhu kuvalwa kuphinde kube nenjongo yokungavimbi inqubo uma kwenzeka kudingekile ukubaleka umhlaseli. Phakathi nale nqubo, i-spermatophore, isikhwama noma i-capsule equkethe isidoda kanye nezakhi zokuthuthukiswa kwezibungu, ifakwe ngokuphelele esithweni sobulili sowesifazane yindoda ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa.
Lesi sikhwama sibe sesigcinwa ku-bursa copulatrix, okuyisikhungo sokuzala sebhu lesifazane. Le nqubo ingenziwa insikazi enamadoda ahlukene ngaphambi kokubekela amaqanda. Lapho amaqanda evundiswa yisidoda, owesifazane unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuwabekela. Inani lamaqanda azobekwa lizoncika kumthamo wohlobo ngalunye; amanye angabekela amaqanda angaba ngu-300 ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanti amanye adedela amaqanda ayi-100 kuphela.
Isiteji samaqanda
Amaqanda angahlelwa egatsheni lesihlahla noma isitshalo, ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, ezifudumele nezinomswakama, futhi ukukhula kwawo kungathatha izinsuku ezi-3 kuye kwezingama-21. Ngokunjalo, isikhathi sokuchanyuselwa kwazo siyaguquguquka ngoba kuya ngezimo zemvelo ezikuzo. Ukwengeza kulokhu, kungase futhi kuhluke ngokuvumelana nezinhlobo zebhu elibuzwayo, futhi lingasukela ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
Isibungu noma Isibungu Isiteji
Kulesi sigaba umbala wayo ungashintsha ngokwezinhlobo zezilwane; kungaba luhlaza, nsundu, kumnyama noma kube mhlophe. Lapha iqala ukudla izitshalo, izithelo, imicu noma izinkuni. Ngesigaba sezibungu, ukufuna indawo yokukhosela kuqala ukuze kuqhutshekwe nesigaba esilandelayo sale nqubo.
I-Chrysalis noma i-Pupa Stage
Lesi sigaba siyindlela esuka eqhweni iye esinambuzaneni esinamaphiko. I-chrysalis yisigaba lapho amaphiko ebhu azokwakhiwa khona ukuze akhule abe umuntu omdala. Lesi siphungumangathi sivame ukuhlanganisa umgodla kasilika ongakheka esitshalweni noma ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngalesi sigaba inundu alidli lutho, kodwa lisabonisa inani elikhulu lezinguquko ze-metabolic.
Ubude balo mjikelezo bungahluka kusuka emasontweni ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, kuye ngezimo zemvelo. Kwezinye izimo, le nqubo ithatha amabhu ubusika bonke, ilinde izimo ezifanele ukuphuma. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, inundu inesibopho sokuphula isembozo. Ngemva kwalokho, ikhasela endaweni ephephile futhi isebenzisa umoya ukuze yandise amaphiko ayo.
Isiteji Sabantu Abadala
Kulesi sigaba, inundu ingaphila njengomuntu omdala impilo yayo yonke, inakekele kuphela ukudla nokuzala, kanye nokuphindaphinda umjikelezo wokuphila. Zingabonwa lapho inundu isivele ikhombisa isisu esivuvukele ngokwanele namaphiko anwetshiwe ukuze iqale ukundiza kwayo. Lokhu kwenzeka, ngemva kwamahora ambalwa, ngokuphatha ukudlulisela i-hemolymph emaphethelweni, lokhu kuyisigaba lapho iphuma ku-cocoon.
Le nkathi yokuphila ijwayele ukuba mfushane uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izigaba zayo. Kodwa-ke, izoncika ezinhlobonhlobo futhi ingahlala kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisi-9 kuye kweziyi-10.
izinhlobo zebhu
Emhlabeni wonke ungathola ezahlukene kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobo zamabhu nazo ezivumelaniswe nezimo zemvelo zalapho zitholakala khona. Ezinhlotsheni ezingu-120.000 ezaziwayo, ezimbalwa kuphela zazo ezingabhekwa njengezinambuzane futhi zibe inkinga. Ekhaya, bavame ukuba nenkinga njengoba bedla izindwangu, ngaleyo ndlela balimaza izingubo. Abanye bavame ukudla ekudleni okugciniwe.
Wonke amabhu ahlelwe okungenani ngama-prole amane we-oda i-Lepidoptera, i-tineidae, i-pyralids, i-geléquids nama-tortricids, kodwa kukhona nezinye. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-tinnitus okufanele sibhekisele kuzo ngokuqondile:
- i-tineola bisselliella Yibhu elivamile lezingubo, elicekela phansi izindwangu zoboya. Ngokungangabazeki amamilimitha angu-7 kuya kwangu-8 ubude, abonisa umbala oyingqayizivele ezimpikweni zawo, ngokuvamile abonakala enamaphiko ansundu anoboya obude.
- Tinea pellionella Kuwuhlobo lwe-porta-case, oluqanjwe ngekesi abalenzayo ukuthwala izibungu zabo, nazo eziyizilokazane ezingutsheni.
- I-Trichophaga tapetzella yizinhlobo ezikhona kumaragi.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphiralidi izibungu zazo ezihlasela okusanhlamvu kanye nefolishi egciniwe, okunezelwa kuzo izinhlobo ezahlukene ezibulala izidleke, zidale umonakalo emakoloni. Kufanelekile ukucaphuna:
- igalari ye-melonella, izinhlobonhlobo zezinyosi noma i-wax.
- I-Achroia grisella, ibhubesi lentombazane.
- I-Ephestia kuehniella, izinhlobonhlobo zikafulawa (hhayi inundu yofulawa yaseNdiya efanayo, noma inundu elinebhande, i-Plodia interpunctella).
Impendulo esuka ku geléquididiae:
- I-Phthorimaea operculella, inundu yamazambane, ehlasela i-Solanaceae ehlukahlukene yokufaneleka kwezomnotho, ikakhulukazi amazambane, alimaza kokubili ensimini nalapho egcinwe.
Kuvela emndenini wakwaCossidae, izinhlobonhlobo zezinkuni nokhaphethi kanye nomndeni wakwaTortricidae
- ILobesia botrana, izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi noma inundu yeqoqo.
- UCydia pomonella, uhlobo lwe-apula.
Ngokufanayo, amabhu abizwa ngokuthi izinambuzane zeminye imiyalo ejwayele ukudla okudliwa ngamabhu noma izinto zasendlini, phakathi kwazo sithola i-oda elithi Coleoptera, Hylotrupes bajulus, inundu elihlasela izinkuni.
Kunezinye izinhlobo zamabhu ezingaba nobuthi, futhi zenziwe ngamacimbi ezinhlobo ezithile ezifana nalezi: Hemileuca maia, megalopyge opercularis noma saddleback. Le mfanelo isekelwe endleleni yokuzivikela eziye zayithuthukisa ngenkathi zikhula ngenkathi ziyizibungu, ukuze zikwazi ukuzivikela kwezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ezifuna ukuzilimaza.
Ngokuvamile, emazweni athile aseLatin America, amabhu nezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezimvemvane ezimnyama zibhekwa njengenhlanhla ngoba ziletha ububi obunjengokufa noma ezinye izinkinga ezimnyama zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Nokho, eziqhingini ezithile zoLwandlekazi iPacific, kanye naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States, zibhekwa njengezithunywa zengcebo yezomnotho.
I-Sea Moth yigama elinikezwe ama-bivalve molluscs ahlasela ukhuni lwezikebhe noma ukunqwabelanisa ezikhumulweni zemikhumbi, amalungu omndeni wakwaTeredinidae, aziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "amahlaya".
Ungawahlukanisa kanjani kumaButterflies?
Lezi zinambuzane zinamaphiko ambozwe amazenga emibala ehlukahlukene, ngokuvamile angabonakali futhi amancane kunezimvemvane. Kujwayeleke kakhulu ukudida amabhu nalawo akamuva, kodwa umehluko wukuthi nakuba izimvemvane zidlana emini, amabhu aqala ukusebenza lapho kuhwalala.
Ukuma kwezimpondo zazo kungesinye isici lapho amabhu ahlukaniswa khona nezimvemvane. Izimpondo zamabhu zimise okwekama- noma zinjengezimpaphe kuyilapho lezo uvemvane zimise okwenduku.
Izingozi Eziyinhloko Zenundu
Nokho, nakuba amabhu amadala engalumi, amacimbi ezinhlobo ezithile zamabhu ayaluma. Ezinye izinhlobo ezifana ne-puppy caterpillar (Megalopyge opercularis) noma i-hag caterpillar (Phobetron pithecium) zihlasela ngokuluma njengoba zinobuthi. Iningi lamabhu amadala ayizilwane ezinokuthula, noma kunjalo angabangela ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile.
Uthuli olukhishwa ngamaphiko aso lungabangela ukuthimula noma ukungezwani komzimba okuncane kakhulu. Amaphiko azo angase abe ne-histamine, okuyimbangela eyinhloko yokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile. Kukhona uhlobo lwebhu olubizwa ngokuthi i-Hylesia Nigricans oludala ukungezwani okunamandla okungahlala izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisithupha.
Ubukhulu bayo buhluka kusuka ku-4 noma 5 centimeters, umbala wayo umnyama futhi "inezinwele" emzimbeni eziyimbangela yezinkinga zempilo kubantu. Phakathi kwezimpawu ezihambisana nokungezwani naleli bhu umkhuhlane ophakeme, i-dermatitis nokucindezeleka kokuphefumula.
Izinsikazi zalolu hlobo kuphela ezikwazi ukukhiqiza i-dermatitis eqinile, enokuqubuka ngisho namabhamuza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-histamine abanayo emzimbeni. Ukuthintana nezikali akwenzeki kuphela lapho amaphiko ethinteka ngezandla, ngoba kungenzeka futhi lapho kuqhutshwa ikhethini noma umthunzi wesibani lapho inundu ihlezi khona.
Akwanele ukuqapha lapho uqothula amabhu amadala, ngoba ama-egg sacs nawo anezikali, okuyinto kowesifazane atholakala ngemuva kwesisu. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha ukungezwani komzimba okubangelwa isikali sanoma iyiphi inundu ngemithi ye-antihistamine. Kunconywa usizo lwezokwelapha olusheshayo.
Indlela yokubona ukuba khona kwebhu ekhaya?
Amabhu ezingubo awakhangwa ukukhanya kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, afune izindawo ezimnyama zokucasha. Ukubonakala kwamabhu amadala edroweni lapho kugcinwa khona izingubo kuwuphawu oluqinisekile lokutheleleka. Mayelana nezinhlobo zezithelo ezomisiwe, ukudla okuhlaselwe amacimbi kukhombisa amasaka ngaphakathi. Abantu abadala bavame ukundiza ama-zigzag besuka emakhabetheni noma emakhabetheni lapho kugcinwa khona ukudla. Ekhishini, isibonelo, ungabona ukuthi zijikeleza kanjani ezindongeni noma ophahleni.
Izinkinga Ezivela Ekhaya kukhona Amabhu
Lapho amabhu avela ekhaya lethu, igama elifanayo eliqondile libonakala "njengembubhiso", kodwa ake sihlole ukuthi zihlasela ini ikakhulukazi:
Izembatho: Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemicu ezizilangazelelayo, kodwa uvolo yiwona azithandayo. Kodwa-ke, uma ungomunye walabo abasagcina izingubo zoboya nezinye izesekeli ekamelweni noma abajoyine isitayela sezimpaphe, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi amabhu azothola inkambo eyinhloko ekhangayo engutsheni enjalo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi yonke into yokwenziwa onayo ngeke ibe nentshisekelo kulesi sinambuzane esiyingozi.
Amabhuku: Abakuthanda ngezincwadi nomagazini amakhowe, akha ezindaweni lapho ingcina ibekwe khona. Kunoma yikuphi, akunandaba, ngoba ikhophi izolimala.
Madera: usuwuvalile umuzi wakho ngolimi nange groove? Ingabe unalo iqoqo elihle lefenisha yokhuni? Amabhu angonakalisa lo mhlobiso omuhle nesitayela ngokushesha kunokuba ucabanga. Kodwa kukhona okumelwe kwenziwe ngakho, ngoba inkinga ayikho kuphela emigodini esabekayo ezohlala ifenisha yokhuni, kodwa futhi ngokunokwenzeka ekuweni kwayo lapho isetshenziswa. Zidla ngaphakathi kwefenisha, zishiya ungqimba oluqinile ngaphandle, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ziyidla ngokoqobo ngaphakathi.
Indlela ukususa inundu?
Uma kutholakala amabhu amaningi futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi asakazeke endlini yonke. Lezi zinambuzane ngokuvamile azinakwa uma zingeziningi. Phakathi kwezinyathelo esingazithatha ukuvimbela amabhu ukuthi afinyelele empahleni yakho yilezi:
- Uma izingubo zibekwe eceleni, qiniseka ukuthi zihlanzekile futhi azinawo amabala.
- Faka izingubo ezikhwameni zepulasitiki noma emakhabetheni angangeni moya ngesikhathi uzigcina.
- Sebenzisa amakhemikhali e-anti-moth: asebenza kahle kakhulu ekulondolozeni izingubo kusukela kwesinye isikhathi sonyaka ukuya kwesinye.
- I-bay oil isiza ukuxosha futhi ingasetshenziswa okhunini ukuvimbela ukulimala kwebhu.
- Izingubo kufanele ziwashwe futhi zomiswe, okungcono emazingeni okushisa abandayo, ngaphambi kokuba zigcinwe.
- Lezo zinhlamvu, utamatisi kanye nofulawa okuzodliwa kamuva, kufanele kugcinwe komile futhi endaweni ebandayo.
Amabhu ngokuvamile akhetha izingubo ezingazange ziwashwe noma zingagqokwa isikhathi eside. Uma noma iyiphi ingubo ihlaselwe amabhu, kuhle ukuthi uphume kuyo ngokushesha. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amabhu abekela amaqanda awo engutsheni aye wadla ngayo ngaphambili.
Amakhambi Asekhaya Wokuxosha Amabhu
Ukuze kunqandwe amabhu, kungasetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukene, ezizohluka kuye ngezinhlobo. Ukunyamalala kwebhu kuzokhombisa ukusebenza kwayo:
- Ama-chips noma amabhodi omsedari, umjunipha noma amafutha e-lavender abalulekile noma ama-mothballs asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindlini, lawa wokugcina anesimo esibi sokuthi akhipha iphunga elibi futhi angaba nobuthi.
- I-Dichlorobenzene, emhlophe futhi engenaphunga, iyikhemikhali enamandla ongayisebenzisela ukushabalala ngokushesha kwamabhu.
- Ukubulala amabhu, kusetshenziswa izicupho ezinama-pheromones, lapho zikhangwa khona ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali ahlukene.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezicupho zokunamathisela ziwusizo kakhulu futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa. Ungasebenzisa futhi izicupho zefaneli eziyizikhwama ukuqoqa izinambuzane. Lezi zibekwe eduze nezindawo lapho amabhu ehlala njalo.
- Imikhiqizo egciniwe okusolakala ukuthi ingcolile kufanele iqandiswe ukuze kukhishwe izibungu zebhu namaqanda.
Sikugwema kanjani ukuzala kwezinambuzane?
Ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwezindawo zokuzalanisa izinambuzane ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nzima, ngoba kuzoxhomeka endaweni esihlala kuyo, futhi kuhlobene eduze nenhlanzeko. Kodwa njengoba sekuqinisekisiwe emjikelezweni wokuzala wamabhu, bafuna izindawo ezishisayo nezinomthunzi, yingakho amakhethini namakhona endlu kufanele ahlolwe ngokuqhubekayo.
Kwenzeka okufanayo nangomsundu, njengoba isilokazane esincane kangaka asiboni lapho siphakamisa indawo yokuzalela futhi sazi ukuthi ngokuvamile sihlala okhunini, singakwazi ukunaka ifenisha yethu. Lapho sithena isihlahla, kufanele sisuse izinsalela noma umuhlwa uzofinyelela ifenisha yethu njengoba ungahlala okhunini olomile noma olumanzi.
Kufanele sengeze ngokuthi izinkuni, izingubo zokugqoka kanye nomatilasi ekhaya kufanele kuhlanzwe, ukugwema kokubili ukukhula kwalezi zilokazane zokhuni kanye nokulunywa kwezinambuzane, okungabangela ukungezwani komzimba kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-atopic dermatitis.
Izilwane nazo zihlushwa yizilokazane. Amabhu avame ukuthobisa izinja njengoba ezibheka njengethoyizi. Kodwa kukhona okuthize izilwane zethu ezifuywayo ezihlushwa kakhulu, amazeze. Ungenza isifutho semvelo ngoviniga, ulamula kanye ne-witch hazel, ubuthi bemvelo bokubulala amazeze namaqanda abawabekelayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuze sigweme ukulunywa omiyane, kusobala ukuthi kumelwe sivimbele ukuzala kwalesi sinambuzane. Ngale njongo kufanele sibeke amafutha abalulekile noma i-apula cider uviniga emagumbini endlu futhi ngaphezu kwalokho kufanele sihlole izindawo lapho kungase kube khona amanzi aqukethwe, ukuze bangazaleli amaqanda lapho.
Kunezilwane ezithi ukucabanga nje ngokuluma kwazo kusenze sithuke. Ukulunywa kwebhu kungasiyisa esibhedlela ngenxa yesikali abanaso, njengoba ngokuvamile sibangela i-dermatitis kanye ne-allergies.
Ukubaluleka Kwezimvemvane Nezinundu
Izimvemvane namabhu asebekhulile akulimazi, kodwa izibungu zazo ngokuvamile ziyizinambuzane ezimbi kakhulu ezitshalweni, emikhiqizweni yezitshalo nasemikhiqizweni ethile yezilwane. Unyaka ngamunye kusetshenziswa izigidi zamaRandi ukuze kuhlaselwe amacimbi ayingozi.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezilimaza kakhulu amabhu ezingubo, inundu yeklabishi, i-corn borer, i-codling moth, i-gypsy moth, ne-cotton bollworm. Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo eziningi zamabhu ayingozi kunezimvemvane.
Nokho, ezinye zibaluleke kakhulu ezimbalini ezimpova, kodwa ngezinga elincane kakhulu kunezinyosi. Ngokwesibonelo, inundu lomzwilili liyisa impova ezimbalini ezithile lapho liqoqa umpe, inundu i-yucca ibeka impova embalini ye-yucca, nayo ibekela amaqanda ayo.
Kuyaziwa futhi ngezibungu eziningi eziyingxenye yokudla kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni, kukhona ngisho nabantu abazidlayo njengokungathi bawuju. Inundu likasilika ukuphela kwesinambuzane esiye safuywa ngaphandle kwezinyosi zoju, nokho abanye abantu baqoqa futhi bazale izimvemvane namabhu ngenxa yombala omuhle wamaphiko azo.
Kulabo abacabanga ukuthi inundu limane nje liyisidalwa esingavamile noma inkathazo enyanyekayo ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo nasezindlini, kuhle ukwazi ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo okukhona ngalezi zinambuzane. Igama elithi “inundu” lingaxosha izithombe zezinambuzane ezimpunga ezinamathele emnyango noma efasiteleni lakho ngobusuku behlobo. Ngaphandle kwalokho okubonakala, kusekuningi uma kukhulunywa ngalezi zinambuzane.
Ibhu futhi lihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinzuzo zemvelo, kusukela ezitshalweni eziphonsa impova kuya ekubeni ukudla kwezinyoni, amalulwane ngisho nabantu abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Amabhu adlula izimvemvane, isihlobo sawo esiseduze kakhulu, ngo-10 kuya ku-1. Ahluke kakhulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo zaseNyakatho Melika zihlangene.
Amabhu athile aziwa ngokukwazi ukufana nezinye izilwane. Ukuze agweme ukuba ukudla, amanye amabhu aye avela abonakala eyizinambuzane ezingafuneki kangako, njengomnyovu, ama-tarantula, nezithwalambiza. Amabhu athile alingisa ngisho nobulongwe bezinyoni.
Ukwazi ukuthi amabhu athile, ikakhulukazi amacimbi, njenge-corn earworm, ayizinambuzane ezifanele zezolimo, ezinye eziningi zingabathuthi bempova ababalulekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imizimba yamabhu enoboya iwenza abe abathuthi bempova abakhulu, njengoba egcina impova kunoma iyiphi imbali ehlala kuyo. Izimbali ezithuthwa amabhu ngokuvamile zinephunga elimnandi futhi zimhlophe, njengesitshalo se-yucca. Izitshalo ezinalezi zimpawu zenza kube lula ngamabhu asebusuku ukuthola izimbali sekumnyama.
Amanye amabhu ampova emini. Amabhu omzwilili andiza phambi kwezimbali, avule izilimi zawo ezinde ukuze aphuze umpe. Badla izinhlobonhlobo zezimbali, kuhlanganise nebhalsamu, i-honeysuckle, ne-verbena. Nakuba amabhu athile ephuza umpe, amanye awadli nhlobo, njengebhu elidala iLuna elingenawo ngisho nomlomo. Lena, ngemva kokuphuma emfeceni wayo, ihlala isonto elilodwa iphila. Injongo yakhe yodwa ekuphileni? Chaza futhi ukhulule amaqanda.
Zibona ama-molecule ephunga zisebenzisa izimpondo zazo kunokuba ngamakhala azo. Amabhu amakhulu wesilisa aguqukile, izimpondo ezimise okwezinsiba ezinama-receptors anukayo azenza zikwazi ukubona i-molecule ye-hormone yocansi eyodwa kumlingani wazo wesifazane ukusuka kude.
Ezingxenyeni ezithile zomhlaba, amabhu nawo angumthombo ofanele wokudla kubantu. Kuthiwa amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-90 ezakhamuzi zamazwe athile ase-Afrika adla izimvemvane namabhu. Izibungu zigcwele amaprotheni namafutha anempilo, futhi ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi amagremu angu-100 alezi zinambuzane ahlinzeka ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwe-100 ezidingo zansuku zonke zamaminerali abalulekile, njenge-potassium, i-calcium, i-zinc nensimbi.
Ubudlelwano bamabhu namalulwane
Ngokwe-Fund for the Conservation of Moths, inani lezibonelo zalesi sinambuzane lehle ngengxenye yesithathu kule minyaka engu-40 edlule. Lokhu kuncipha kubeka engcupheni ukusinda kwamalulwane, awadlayo. Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingu-17 kuphela zamalulwane ezisele e-UK, zonke zingaphansi kokuvikelwa komthetho, njengoba izinombolo zabo zehliswe kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kokuxhumanisa umphakathi nezilwane zasendle ezisebenza kuphela lapho iningi labantu seliyolala, abahleli bemisebenzi eyahlukene bahlela ukuphakamisa igama lalezi zilwane, okuthi ngemuva kwamaphela namagundane kube ngezinye zezinto ezingahlonishwa kakhulu. emvelweni.
“Abantu badonsela ezimvemvaneni, kodwa ngokuqinisekile amabhu nezimvemvane kuyinto efanayo,” kusho uRichard Fox weMoth Conservation Fund. "Umehluko awunembile, njengoba ngokombono wezinto eziphilayo, ziyefana."
Amabhu, kusho uFox, “wenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu endalweni. Benza impova yezimbali kanye nochungechunge lwezidalwa ezidla kuzo, phakathi kwazo kufakwe izinhlobo eziningana zezinyoni ezidla amabhu amadala futhi zondle amatshwele azo ngezibungu zazo.
Ezindaweni ezishisayo kukhona ngisho izimbali ezivuthwa ngamabhu kuphela,” kuphawula usosayensi. Kodwa kubantu abavamile emgwaqweni, amabhu axhunyaniswa nokucekelwa phansi kwezingubo.
“Kuyiqiniso ukuthi badla izingubo zokugqoka, nokho ezinhlotsheni ezingamabhu eziyi-2.500 ezikhona e-UK, zimbili kuphela ezidlayo. Futhi kwezinye izindawo, njengasezindaweni ezishisayo, ukungafani kukhulu nakakhulu, njengoba inani lezinhlobonhlobo zamabhu liphakeme, "kusho uFox. Futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, uyanezela, "badla kuphela imicu yezilwane, okungukuthi, uboya. Abanandaba nokotini, noma imicu yokwenziwa».
Amalulwane aphinde adlale indima ebalulekile ku-ecosystem. Zidla izinambuzane, futhi, njengamabhu, zithwala impova ziye ezimbalini. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, banomthwalo wemfanelo wokusabalalisa imbewu yezitshalo nezihlahla.
Sincoma izindatshana ezithakazelisayo ezilandelayo:
- Izilwane ezine-oviparous
- Izilwane zasekhaya
- Izilwane zasepulazini