Ngikumema ukuthi ufunde lesi sihloko mayelana nesiko lama-Aztec, ulwazi oluningi olufanele oluvela ku- onkulunkulu bama-aztec okubalulekile nendlela abawusiza ngayo umphakathi wabo, nendlela umphakathi wama-Aztec owawubheka ngayo umusa owawunikezwa ngemikhuba ehlukahlukene, imikhosi nemihlatshelo yezilwane nabantu, konke ukulandela ukuphila kokuchuma.
Onkulunkulu Bama-Aztec
Embusweni wama-Aztec, inkolo yayibaluleke kakhulu ngaleso sizathu kwase kunezinkolo eziningi zonkulunkulu bama-Aztec futhi benza imikhosi engokomoya eyayivame ukwenziwa imiphakathi yama-Aztec, nakuba umbuso wama-Aztec wakha umphakathi omkhulu kakhulu futhi ohlelekile, isikhungo sezomnotho sasisedolobheni laseTenochtitlan, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ababusi bama-Aztec babukela amanye amadolobha abalulekile njengeTlacopan neTexcoco.
Inkolo yama-Aztec yayinesimo sokukholelwa kunkulunkulu abaningi njengoba umphakathi wawukholelwa konkulunkulu abaningi, imikhosi yawo yayihlale iqondiswe kuNkulunkulu uHuitzilopochtli, uNkulunkulu owayehlobene eduze nelanga futhi kuthiwa nguye owasungula idolobha laseTenochtitlan iMexico.
Nakuba njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, umbuso wama-Aztec wawugxile enkolweni ebaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yezinkolelo zawo ezingokwenkolo, wenza imihlatshelo eminingi yabantu ngenjongo yokujabulisa uNkulunkulu uHuitzilopochtli, okwathi ngokwezinkolelo zama-Aztec, lo Nkulunkulu walahlekelwa igazi eliningi. ezingxabanweni zansuku zonke enganginazo Baphinde bazidela ukuze bamise umhlaba ngoba babeqiniseka ukuthi umhlaba uzophela eminyakeni engu-52.
Njengoba ayenezinkolelo eziningi, ama-Aztec azihlela njengenhlangano yezombangazwe eholwa u-huey-tlatoani, owakhethwa umkhandlu wabameleli bezizwe ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi. Babenomfanekiso wenkosi okwakumelwe ibe nozalo lwamaToltec njengoba inkolo yayibusa ngaleyo ndlela.
Kulesi sihloko esiphathelene noMbuso Wama-Aztec, sizodingida onkulunkulu abahlukahlukene bama-Aztec umphakathi owawukhulekelwa, njengoba leyo miphakathi yayinezingxabano eziningi kangangokuthi kumelwe ukuba yayifuna ukukholelwa konkulunkulu bama-Aztec, kangangokuthi yabashukumisela ukuba baqhubeke nokulwa. .
Nakuba uMbuso Wama-Aztec waziwa ngokuthi umfelandawonye kathathu njengoba wawenziwe umfelandawonye omkhulu wamaNdiya kusukela amadolobha aseTexcoco, eTlacopan naseMéxico-Tenochtitlan ebumbene. Bonke babeholwa ababusi ababevikelwe yibo onkulunkulu.
Nakuba kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi enkolweni yama-Aztec umhlaba wakhiwa futhi wacekelwa phansi izikhathi ezine, kodwa onkulunkulu bama-Aztec bahlangana futhi benza isinqumo esisha sokuphinda benze okwesihlanu, kodwa kulokhu babe nombono wokuhlukanisa ithempeli. emhlabeni kusukela esibhakabhakeni, futhi uNkulunkulu okuthiwa uQuetzalcóatl wanquma ukunikeza umuntu ukuphila nezitshalo ezazizomkhonza njengokudla.
EMbusweni wama-Aztec kwakukhona futhi umcabango onamandla wokuthi umuntu unokuphila okukodwa kuphela kokuphila, okwakungekho ukuphila ngemva kokufa, futhi uma ufuna ukudlula ngemva kokufa kwakho okuwukuphela kwenketho kwakufanele ube kakhulu. okwaduma ngalokho ukuthi amaqhawe ama-Aztec ayehlale ezama ukugqama ngezigigaba azenzayo esigabeni ngasinye sokuphila kwawo.
onkulunkulu abakhulu
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukwaziswa okubaluleke kakhulu ngabo bonke onkulunkulu bama-Aztec, njengoba umphakathi wama-Aztec wawukholelwa ngokuqinile konkulunkulu bawo futhi ngale ndlela wadala onkulunkulu abasha njengoba inkolo yawo yayikhula.Phakathi konkulunkulu ababaluleke kakhulu boMbuso Wama-Aztec sinabo. :
I-Ometeotl: Ezinganekwaneni zama-Aztec Mexican, lo Nkulunkulu ogama lakhe lingu-Ometeotl, wazidala futhi umelela ingqikithi yesilisa yendalo, futhi ungumyeni ka-Omecihuatl noyise wezithixo ezi-4. Nakuba engomunye wonkulunkulu abadala kulo mphakathi, wayengenalo ithempeli futhi umphakathi wawungamazi, kodwa wayevame ukukhulunywa ngaye ezibongweni zezigaba eziphezulu.
Nakuba lo Nkulunkulu ehambisana ngale ndlela elandelayo u-Ometecuhtli no-Omecíhuatl, bobabili bamele ububili njengenkosi nenkosikazi. UNkulunkulu wokuqala umele owesilisa kanti owesibili uzomela owesifazane emhlabeni. Phakathi kwezingoma ezisetshenziswa ekukhonzeni lo Nkulunkulu sinalezi:
Akukho lapho kungaba khona»
Indlu kanompempe ophezulu;
Nomaphi lapho ecelwa khona,
Yonke indawo uhlonishwa;
Udumo lwakhe luyafunwa, udumo lwakhe emhlabeniakekho ongaba,
akekho ongaba umngane
Lowo owenza konke kuphile;
Iyacelwa kuphela
Kuphela eceleni kwakhe futhi eduze kwakheKungase kube khona ukuphila emhlabeni
I-Huitzilopochtli: Omunye wonkulunkulu abakhulu bama-Aztec futhi uhlotshaniswa kakhulu nelanga, uyaziwa nangokuthi Ilhuicatl Xoxouhqui noma i-Tlacahuepan Cuexcontzi, Ngaphambi kokuba abantu baseSpain bafike, lo Nkulunkulu wayekhulekelwa kakhulu uMbuso Wama-Aztec, WayenamaThempeli amaningana, kodwa eliyinhloko lisedolobheni laseHuitzilopochco (Huītzilōpōchco), manje oseChurubusco.
Ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki, lo Nkulunkulu ogama lakhe linguHuitzilopochtli nguyena onikeza umyalelo wesisekelo noma ukudalwa kweMexico-Tenochtitlan, kuyindawo futhi lapho abantu baseMexico bethola khona ukhozi oluthatha uhlobo lwenyoka. UNkulunkulu u-Huitzilopochtli uyindodana kankulunkulukazi Wokuzala, eyindodana yelanga elincane kanye nelanga elidala.
Njalo ngonyaka umcimbi wenziwa egameni likaNkulunkulu u-Huitzilopochtli, nakuba kubantu baseMexico baseNahua noma abantu baseMesoamerican akwaziwa kahle futhi kwaduma kakhulu umguquli u-Tlacaélel eminyakeni ye-1398-1480.
Ngemva kokufika kwabaseSpain banika lo Nkulunkulu igama elisha abambiza ngalo ngokuthi uHuichilobos, bamnika nezimfanelo ezimbi zaseYurophu futhi yingakho bacekela phansi ithempeli lakhe, izithombe eziqoshiwe, ama-codex nemikhiqizo yezolimo.
I-Quetzalcoatl: Ungomunye wonkulunkulu bama-Aztec ababaluleke kakhulu njengoba enenyoka enezimpaphe, futhi bambheka njengonkulunkulu oyinhloko weqembu laseMexico, unguNkulunkulu wokukhanya, wenzalo, wempucuko nolwazi. Ngokunjalo bamazi njengenkosi yemimoya nombusi wasentshonalanga, bamhlobanisa nombala omhlophe.
Lona omunye wonkulunkulu bama-Aztec limelela ububili bomuntu futhi limelelwa ngenyoka enezimpaphe, inyoka imelela umzimba wenyama futhi izimpaphe zimelela izimiso ezingokomoya, elinye igama njengoba lo nkulunkulu wama-Aztec aziwa yiNahualpiltzintli elandelayo, "inkosana yamaNahuales" futhi yigama eliqanjwe abapristi bombuso ophakeme kunawo wonke wamaNahual. Ibuye ibe nesimo esiphindwe kabili: ngakolunye uhlangothi, yakha umhlaba futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyawubhubhisa.
I-Coatlicue: Kulesi sigaba sonkulunkulu bama-Aztec sizokhuluma ngalo nkulunkulukazi ogama lakhe elithi Coatlicue lihunyushwe lisho iSpanishi. isiketi senyoka, unkulunkulukazi oyomelela ukuphila nokufa. Yize ebukeka emubi impela unkulunkulukazi, kwazise ugqoke isiketi sezinyoka emqaleni unomgexo ogcwele izinhliziyo awuthathe kwabamhlukumeza.
Ezandleni nasezinyaweni zakhe unezinzipho ezibukhali kakhulu futhi uhlezi omele imihlatshelo yabantu, umyeni wakhe unguNkulunkulu uMxcoatl, ungumama kaNkulunkulu uHuitzilopochtli lapho ekhulelwa lo Nkulunkulu, lapho emzala.
Lokhu kwaphuma ibhola lezimpaphe lawela ethempelini, abanye abazalwane ababona lokhu kukhulelwa okungavamile banquma ukumbulala, kodwa uNkulunkulu u-Huitzilopochtli waphuma esibelethweni sikanina ehlome ngokugcwele futhi wamsindisa ngokunquma ikhanda likadadewabo ogama lakhe linguCoyolxauhqui. kanye nesibhamu esibhakabhakeni lapho kwaba yiNyanga.
I-Tezcatlipoca: Phakathi konkulunkulu bama-Aztec, lo Nkulunkulu umelela ukuhlinzeka, kokungabonakali nobumnyama, ububili bakhe buphikisana, ubizwa nangokuthi iTezcatlipoca emhlophe, kuyilapho umbala weTezcatlipoca umnyama. Okunye okuvezwe emlandweni walo Nkulunkulu ukuthi wenza umbhangqwana ((Ometecuhtli no-Omecihuatl), futhi wenza izimiso zesilisa nezesifazane.
Ngokwesiko lamaNahuatl, lo Nkulunkulu wazala amadodana amane okuthiwa u-Yayauhqui Tezcatlipoca (iTezcatlipoca emnyama), i-Tlatlauhqui Tezcatlipoca yesibili (i-Tezcatlipoca Ebomvu, ebizwa nangokuthi i-Xipe Tótec noma i-Camaxtle), eyesithathu kwakunguTezouhqui Tezcatlipoca (iTezcatlipoca eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eyaziwa ngokuthi isiNahua) phakathi kwalezo zikhulumi. njenge-Huitzilopochtli (i-hummingbird yaseningizimu) kanye neyesine, i-Iztac Tezcatlipoca (iTezcatlipoca emhlophe) noma iQuetzalcóatl.
Ezinganekwaneni zesiNahuatl, lo nkulunkulu ogama lakhe linguTezcatlipoca wasungula umhlaba, kwakukhona ulwandle lwasendulo lapho kwakuhlala khona inunu yasemhlabeni kuphela. Khona-ke uTezcatlipoca wanikela ngonyawo lwakhe njengenkohliso, futhi inunu yaphuma yadla unyawo lwayo. Ngalokhu wanikeza umsuka wamandla nenjabulo.
Yacatecuhtli: Ungomunye wonkulunkulu bama-Aztec abadala kunabo bonke futhi nguye ovikela abathengisi nabahambi, nakuba abanikazi bomhlaba baseMexico bamnika izigqila njengemihlatshelo ukuze bamnike inhlanhla, indlela yakhe eyinhloko iwukumela yena ngekhala elikhulu elisebenza njengesiqondiso .
Lo Nkulunkulu wama-Aztec uvela enkathini yangaphambi kweSpanishi yaseMexico, usebenza njengesiqondiso esikhulu futhi i-copal yayinikelwa kabili ngosuku ngehora lesithathu ekuseni nalapho kuqala ukusa, ngaphezu kokuthi abathengisi bambiza ngale ndlela "onekhala elincanyana njengeva"
I-Cinteotl: Ngokwezinganekwane zaseMexico, lo nkulunkulu wama-Aztec umelela ukudla noma ukudla njengoba emelela ummbila, futhi unguNkulunkulu omelela ububili, ungowesifazane nowesilisa ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngendlela efanayo umelela ukudakwa neziphuzo kuwo wonke amasiko. .
Lapho emelela ububili bobulili besilisa, unikezwa igama elithi Centéotl kanye ne-Centeotl Tecuhtli (tecuhtli, "nkosi"), futhi lapho emelelwa ebubini bakhe besifazane, umelwe igama elithi "Chicomecóatl" nelithi Centeotl Cihuatl (cihuatl). , "owesifazane").
Lapho ufuna umlando walo Nkulunkulu ogama lakhe lingu-Aztec Cinteotl, uyindodana kaXochiquetzal (unkulunkulukazi osemusha ohlotshaniswa nobuhle, ubulili, nenjabulo, usanta ongumvikeli wokubeletha, abafekethisi, abeluki, abasebenza ngezimpaphe, abahlobi, abaqophi, abadwebi, nezingcweti)
I-Xochiplli: Ungomunye wonkulunkulu bama-Aztec abahlonishwa kakhulu njengoba enikeza injabulo yokuphila, uthando, injabulo, ukudakwa okungcwele, igama lakhe elihunyushwe ngesiSpanishi lisho ingane yembali noma inkosana yembali. NguNkulunkulu futhi obhekele inzalo nokukhiqizwa kwezolimo.
Ibuye ihlonishwe ongqingili nezifebe nakuba iwukumuncwa kwempucuko yaseToltec, iphinde imelwe nge-talisman njengomumo we-teardrop kamama weparele.
I-Tonatiuh: Ungomunye wonkulunkulu abamele ilanga, futhi bamkhulekela njengomholi esibhakabhakeni, waziwa nangokuthi ilanga lesihlanu, futhi ngokwalokho okushiwoyo, uthatha amandla lapho ilanga lesine lixoshwa, ngoba ngamunye ilanga linenkathi yalo ye-cosmic ngokwayo.
UNkulunkulu wama-Aztec waziwa ngegama elithi Chantico, futhi umelwe nesilwane senyamazane, nakuba lo nkulunkulu empofu kakhulu, futhi uhloniphekile kakhulu lapho bethi onkulunkulu mabangene emgodini ukuze ilanga lesihlanu libe. ekhethiwe.Wayenza ngokukhulu ukuzithoba wathi ephuma ephethe amabala ejaguar.
I-Mictlantecuhtli: Ingomunye wonkulunkulu bama-Aztec emele ukufa noma abafileyo, iphinde ihlale endaweni engaphansi komhlaba, ngolimi lwesiNahual yayaziwa ngegama elithi Popocatzin, elihunyushwe ngesiSpanishi lingachazwa ngokuthi ngumuntu obhemayo, unguNkulunkulu. yesithunzi futhi itholakala ishade noMictecacíhuatl, bobabili babusa umhlaba ongaphansi, izwe labafileyo noma umbuso waseMictlán.
Unkulunkulu wabafileyo umelelwa umzimba wakhe umbozwe amathambo abantu futhi ubuso bakhe bunesifihla-buso esimise okogebhezi, futhi uhlotshiswe ngezimbali ezinjengama rosette, enye isebunzini lakhe nenye entanyeni, futhi ekugcineni ifulege elimhlophe okuthiwa u-amanda palli, okuwuphawu lwemvunulo yakhe.
I-Tlaloc: Ungunkulunkulu omele imvula, futhi unamandla okuphatha amanzi nombani, ngesiphiwo sakhe usiza ukukhula kokudla okutshalwe kwezolimo, uma kunesomiso esiningi kucelwa lo nkulunkulu wama-Aztec ukuba alethe amanzi ezweni. futhi unika ukuphila emasimini.
Waziwa njengenkosi yezigigaba zasemkhathini futhi ungumoya wamasimu nezintaba, nakuba ngesikhathi sombuso wama-Aztec wayehlale efanelekela ukwenza imihlatshelo yezilwane kanjalo nabantu, umphakathi wendabuko wawuhlala uphumelela noma nini lapho okuthile kwenzeka. wabuza kuye.
I-Metztli: Ngunkulunkulukazi omele inyanga ezinganekwaneni zama-Aztec, nakuba futhi engunkulunkulu ofanayo kodwa enegama likaYohalticitl noCoyolxauhqui kanye nonkulunkulu wenyanga uTecciztecatl; Nakuba kuthiwa ungunkulunkulukazi wenyanga ngoba wesaba umlilo, ubhekisela nakumuntu othobekile, enganekwaneni yalo nkulunkulu wama-Aztec nguye obangela izikhukhula neziphepho.
I-Xipe Totec: NguNkulunkulu wama-Aztec ozomela ubudoda, ubusha kanye nezimila ezintsha. Umelelwa umfanekiso ofake isifihla-buso setshe, emikhosini yomhlatshelo yokukhonza loNkulunkulu, abapristi basusa inhliziyo yabantu noma bayihlinze isikhumba bese umpristi ebeka esikhumbeni seNdiya elihlatshelwe.
Phakathi nezinsuku zemikhosi yalo Nkulunkulu wamaZapotec, kodwa kamuva watholwa inkolo yama-Aztec, udla kuphela kuze kube semini, ukuze akwazi ukubona imiphefumulo ecelayo ukuthi izoya ezulwini.
Mixcoatl: Ezinganekwaneni zaseMexico nguNkulunkulu omelela iziphepho, izimpi nokuzingela, ngaleso sikhathi kwakunenkolelo yokuthi uNkulunkulu uMxcóatl wayengamelela iMilky Way. Nakuba kuze kube manje u-God Mixcóatl udidekile nonkulunkulu abalandelayo u-Xipe Totec, u-Camaxtle, u-Mixcóatl no-Tezcatlipoca Rojo.
Wayehlonishwa nangamaTlaxcaltecas kanye noHuejotzinca ababembiza ngokuthi iNkosi Yethu Esikhumba. Kwakuthiwa futhi ungunkulunkulu wezizweni, uma kwenziwa imikhosi nemihlatshelo kuye, kwalethwa kuye lezi zilwane ezilandelayo: izinyoka, izinyoni, nonogwaja.
I-Ehecatl: Ungunkulunkulu womoya, futhi umelela umoya kuzo zonke izilwane kusukela ahlanganisa isiphepho futhi uletha ukuphila, ngokusho komphakathi wama-Aztec ukuthi uyena owabeka ilanga nenyanga zinyakaza. Futhi imelela uthando ngesihlahla esihle esipendiwe.
Ngesikhathi lapho intwasahlobo inyakazisa amafu ukuze imvula inethe ezitshalweni, naye ugqama phakathi konkulunkulu abaningi ngoba umphakathi waseMexico umbona njengeqhawe elikhulu, uhlala efika ezikhathini ezimfanele kakhulu. Yingakho kukhokhwa inkokhiso kuye, njengoba kushiwo, lo Nkulunkulu wama-Aztec uqala umhlaba ngomoya wakhe njengoba ilanga likhanyisa futhi lisunduza imvula eceleni. Ukumelwa okungokomzimba kukaNkulunkulu kwenziwa ngezifihla-buso ezibomvu ezinamakhala acijile.
Okulandelayo: lo nkulunkulu wama-Aztec umelela umoya womlilo nokushisa, onemibala yawo ebomvu nephuzi kanye nokubonakala kwendoda endala ehlakaniphe kakhulu, ufanekiselwa ufezela ngenxa yomkhuhlane abantu abawuthola lapho behlatshwa yilesi silwane, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ububili bakhe besifazane unkulunkulukazi wama-Aztec uChantico.
Kulo nkulunkulu wama-Aztec ogama lakhe lingu-Xiuhtecuhtli, kwesatshwa ukuthi uzozihlukanisa nabantu abakholelwa kuye, yingakho wayekhulekelwa kakhulu ukuze ahambe nabo ebuhleni nasebubini, lapho kwenziwa imicikilisho ukuze ahambe nayo. bona benza imihlatshelo yezigqila lapho bathatha khona umhlatshelo, bavula isifuba sakhe bakhipha inhliziyo yakhe egameni lalo Nkulunkulu.
I-Atlacoya: Emfanekisweni wonkulunkulu bama-Aztec sinalo nkulunkulu omele isomiso namanzi amnyama. Imelelwa ngemibala ephuzi ngejazi elikhulu elingenamikhono.
I-Chalchiuhtlicue: Ungunkulunkulukazi wama-Aztec ozomelela ukuzalwa, okufanele ahlonishwe ngaso ekubhapathizweni ngalunye, wayehlale edlala indima ebalulekile, ungomunye wabantu ababaluleke kakhulu emasikweni ama-Aztec nasezinganekwaneni zaseMexico, lapho amatilosi omdabu eqala ukuhamba ngomkhumbi. Bamthwala nge-sphinx ukuze bamvikele. Lomkhuleko omkhulu wawuthandazelwa njalo kuye ukuba avikele izikebhe emvuleni enkulu
“Amatilosi amcela imvume yokuhamba emanzini awo futhi ukuze avikeleke, yingakho noma yimuphi umdobi noma itilosi kufanele enze iminikelo emanzini ayo angaphansi komhlaba ethwele ushukela, izithelo, i-quartz, izingoma noma imithandazo.
Zonke izidalwa ezidla ubungqabavu bayo zinesibopho sokuyivikela ngezimpilo zethu, ngoba uma le Essence Engcwele iwela ekungalinganini noma ekusweleni, nakanjani kuyosilethela ukufa nezifo njengomphumela (lokhu hhayi njengesijeziso "saphezulu" kodwa ngenxa yokuquleka).
I-Acuecueyotl iwukunxusa kokunye kokubonakaliswa kwe-Chalchiuhtlicue, ikakhulukazi ebukhoneni bayo basolwandle ngesikhathi samagagasi, i-Acuecueyotl ehunyushwa ngokwezwi nezwi isuka olimini lwesiNahuatl iye olimini lwesiSpanishi isho ukuthi "Ukuvunguza kwamanzi" futhi lokhu kuhunyushwa ngokuthi I-SURGE (Akukho ndawo lapho isho khona. "unkulunkulu noma yebo?)"
I-Chantic: unkulunkulukazi onamagama ahlukahlukene ezinganekwaneni zama-Aztec waziwa kakhulu ngegama likankulunkulukazi wemililo yenhliziyo, unesibopho sokuvuthwa kwamantombazane amancane kuhlotshaniswa nokushisa nezibani ezikhanyayo usuku lwayo luhlala njalo ngoMashi 23 lapho Kuhle kakhulu. ephathini ngezikhathi zama-Aztec, kwenziwa imihlatshelo enezilwane nabanye abantu.
Kubekwe inyanda yombani futhi ubuso bakhe bupendwe mnyama Isikhungo sakhe esiyinhloko sokukhulekela yiNtaba iTepeyac, nakuba bethi uhlobene nezilo ezihlala ehlathini.
I-Chicomecoatl: Ingunkulunkulukazi wokuziphilisa ngenxa yokuthi noma nini lapho kutshalwa ummbila, kwakunikelwa amaphathi nemihlatshelo kuwo ukuze izalwe futhi yande ukuze kudliwe abantu, yayibizwa ngegama elithi Xilonen, elihunyushwa ngokuthi. ISpanishi sasifana nezinwele
Njengoba leli gama lalibizwa ngenxa yoboya umbila onawo, kodwa libuye libizwe ngokuthi unina womntwana wommbila, okuwumbila othambile, esigabeni ngasinye sombila kwakucelwa ukuthi uvuthwe ngendlela engcono kakhulu futhi. kube okudliwayo. , elinye igama elaqanjwa lo Nkulunkulu kwakungelesalukazi esivuthiwe esinjengombila noma isikhwebu esivuthiwe. Umkhuleko noma umthandazo owawunalokhu wawulandelayo:
“Izikhwebu eziyisikhombisa, vuka manje, vuka (…)! Ah, uMama wethu! Ngeke usishiye siyizintandane: Uyagoduka manje maTlalocan. Seven-Mazorcas, vuka, vuka...! Ah, uMama wethu! Ngeke usishiye siyizintandane: uya ekhaya manje, maTlalocan.
I-Cihuacoatl: Ungowesifazane wokuqala ukubeletha yingakho kunguye okhonzwayo bese ebuza ukuthi owesifazane ufuna ukumitha nini, ubuye abe ngunkulunkulu wasemhlabeni, ukuzala nokuzala. Kubuye kuhlotshaniswe nowesifazane okhalayo, ngoba wethula isililo esidabukisayo esifinyelela emphefumulweni wakho ngale ndlela O, izingane zami, o, o! Bezwakale kude.
Njengoba ayengunkulunkulu wokuqala owazala, wayebhekwa njengobuciko bobuntu nokuphila, emihlatshelweni eyayinikelwa komhlatshelo, amathambo ayegaywa ohlotsheni lwesigayo. Kuthiwa futhi enganekwaneni ukuthi uyena owaxwayisa ngokubhujiswa nokuwa koMbuso WaseMoctezuma ezandleni zamatilosi.
Bonke odokotela, ababelethisi kanye nabantu abasebenza endaweni yezempilo babevikelwe ngengubo yalo nkulunkulukazi ukuze basebenze futhi basize abanye abantu. Wayephinde abe ngumhlahlandlela nomqoqi wemiphefumulo esezinhlungwini futhi labo abeza kuye baholelwa ekukhanyeni okuphakade.
I-Huehuecóyotl: unkulunkulu wezobuciko, inkosi yomculo nomdanso wemikhosi, umhlahlandlela wabantu abadala kanye nobusha, i-sphinx yakhe imelwe i-coyote edansa ezandleni zakhe, ungunkulunkulu we-prankster kakhulu, futhi ungunkulunkulu weqembu, Umelwe isilwane se-coyote, kubhekiselwa ebuqilini babantu.
Iphinde imelelwe okuhle nokubi, ibhalansi phakathi kokusha nokudala. Unezithandwa eziningana, ngakho uma othile efuna ukuthola intombi, uphendukela konkulunkulu bama-Aztec, ikakhulukazi lona, ukuze amqondise enjongweni yakhe. Angakwazi futhi ukushintsha isimo kusuka ku-coyote kuya kumuntu futhi ngokuphambene nalokho ngendlela efanayo angashintsha ngayo ubulili. Ekugcineni, ungumbusi wezingoma nezobuciko, abaculi abaningi bazinikela kuye.
Okulandelayo: unguNkulunkulu omele ubusuku obumnyama, uzibiza ngenkosi yobusuku, futhi uvikela ubuthongo babafana namantombazane, esikhundleni sokwenza imihlatshelo wayehlonishwa ngamaphathi namasiko kodwa ephile kakhulu, lapho kwakuba khona amaphathi nokudla okuningi. ukukhanyisa umphefumulo kodwa njalo ebusuku kukhanyiswa inyanga egcwele.
I-Amimitl: igama layo nesiko lama-Aztec lisho ukuthi umcibisholo wamanzi emfanekisweni wawo wenziwa abadobi abacela ukuzola lapho ulwandle lungcolile, kukhulekelwa esiqhingini sase-Chalco noma ubani onesifo esiphuma olwandle ubuzwa kulokhu. UNkulunkulu ngokholo olukhulu futhi uzokwenza konke okusemandleni ukuze aphulukise, unguNkulunkulu wezingcweti namatilosi, iculo okumele limnxuse nali:
“Hlanganisa izandla, hlanganisa izandla, endlini, ubambe izandla zakho ukuphinda lesi sigqi, uphinde uzihlukanise, uzihlukanise futhi endaweni yemicibisholo. Bambaneni izandla, bambaneni izandla endlini, yingakho, yingakho ngifikile, ngifikile.
Yebo, ngifikile, ngiphethe abane, yebo, ngifikile, bane nami. izikhulu ezine ezikhethiweyo, izikhulu ezine ezikhethiweyo, yebo, izikhulu ezine. Bandulela ubuso bakhe, bandulela ubuso bakhe, bandulela ubuso bakhe”
UMacuil Malinalli: Ubhekwa njengonkulunkulu wotshani wama-Aztec futhi uqukethe imiphefumulo yawo wonke amaqhawe amaNdiya afele empini. Uma kunezimpi, lo Nkulunkulu wacelwa ukuba anakekele imiphefumulo yabo futhi bangabhubhi ngesikhathi bexabana, imihlatshelo yayiwukubulala amasosha ahluliwe empini.
I-Ixtlilton: Phakathi konkulunkulu bama-Aztec abakhona, lena emele imithi kanye nempilo, nakuba ihlotshaniswa noNkulunkulu wama-Aztec wamanzi amnyama okukhulunywe ngenhla, lo Nkulunkulu unempahla yokuphulukisa, ithempeli lakhe lalisedolobheni laseTlacuilohcan, "indawo umbhali". Endabeni onayo ibhalwe ngale ndlela elandelayo:
“Umlando ulandisa ukuthi… bamenzela inkulumo ngamapulangwe apendiwe, njengetabernakele, lapho kwakukhona khona isithombe sakhe. Kuleli gumbi lokukhuluma noma ithempeli kwakukhona izitsha nezitsha zamanzi eziningi, futhi zonke zazimbozwe ngamapulangwe noma amakhola; Lawa manzi bawabiza ngokuthi i-tlatl, noma okusho ukuthi amanzi amnyama.
Uma ingane igula, babeyiyisa ethempelini noma etabernakele lalo nkulunkulu u-Ixtlilton, bafike bavula enye yalezo zimbiza baphuzise umntwana lawo manzi futhi waphulukisa ngawo; kwathi lapho othile efuna ukwenza umkhosi walonkulunkulu, ngokuzinikela kwakhe wathatha isithombe sakhe wasiyisa ekhaya. Isithombe sakhe sasingewona umdwebo kodwa sasingezinye zezikhulu ezazigqokise lo nkulunkulu njengomhlobiso.
I-Tlacottzontli: UNkulunkulu wama-Aztec omele indlela yasebusuku uma uhamba ebusuku uzahlukanisela kuyo futhi izokukhanyisa indlela yakho kuzo zonke izinto ezimbi ezingase zenzeke kuwe inqobo nje uma ukwenza ngokukholwa. Umelelwe ngengubo emhlophe egqokwe emahlombe esifanekiso sakhe.
Iztli: UnguNkulunkulu omele ubusuku, isimo saso singowesifazane onetshe elimnyama eliyigugu kakhulu futhi elihlabayo, libuye libe nesimo sommese futhi kwamanye amasiko aseMexico limelelwa njengesikhali esikhulu esibukhali kakhulu.
I-Citlalicue: Ungunkulunkulukazi wama-Aztec owayengakwazi ukudala izinkanyezi ngokungapheli kanye nomyeni wakhe ogama lakhe linguCitlaltonac, kodwa kanye nomyeni wakhe bangabadali beMilky Way, Umhlaba kanye nokufa nobumnyama.
I-Cintteo: unkulunkulu wama-Aztec omele ummbila, uhlobene nabanye onkulunkulu abane, abakha umbala wohlobo ngalunye lommbila okhona phakathi kwabo sino-Iztauhqui Centéotl, unkulunkulu wommbila omhlophe, uCozauhqui Centéotl, unkulunkulu wommbila ophuzi, Tlatlauhqui Centéotl, unkulunkulu wommbila obomvu, u-Yayauhqui Centéotl, unkulunkulu wommbila omnyama.
Ahuiateteo: limelela injabulo nokweqisa okukhulu kwenkanuko, futhi umlingani walo Nkulunkulu wesifazane wama-Aztec u-cihuateteo. Bamelelwe njengezidalwa eziyingozi ezazivame ukuzulazula ezinkundleni zempi, zigqoke izingubo ezijwayelekile zeqhawe laseMexico. Iphinde itholakale njenge:
- I-Macuilcozcacuauhtli (nge-Nahuatl: macuilcōzcacuāuhtli, 'five vulture' macuilli, amahlanu; cōzcacuāuhtli, vulture')
- I-Macuil Cuetzpalin (ngesiNahuatl: macuil cuetzpalin, 'five lizard' macuilli, five; cuetzpalin, lizard')
- I-Macuil Malinalli (ngesiNahuatl: macuilmalīnalli, 'five grass' macuilli, five; malīnalli, grass')
- I-Macuilxochitl (ngesiNahuatl: macuiltōchtli, 'onogwaja abahlanu' macuilli, amahlanu; tōchtli, unogwaja')
- I-Macuilxóchitl (ngesiNahuatl: macuilxōchitl, 'five flower''macuilli, five; xōchitl, flower')
- I-Macuilacatl (ngesiNahuatl: macuilacatl, 'five cane''macuilli, five; ācatl, cane')
- I-Macuilacatl (ngesiNahuatl: macuilacatl, 'amanzi amahlanu'' macuilli, amahlanu; ātl, amanzi')
- I-Macuilcalli (ngesiNahuatl: macuilcalli, 'indlu emihlanu''macuilli, emihlanu; calli, indlu')
- I-Macuil Cipactli (ngesiNahuatl: macuil cipactli, 'izingwenya ezinhlanu''macuilli, ezinhlanu; cipactli, alligator')
- I-Macuilcóatl (ngesiNahuatl: macuilcōātl, 'five serpent' macuilli, five; cōātl, serpent')
- I-Macuilcuautitla (ngesiNahuatl: macuilcuāutli, 'five eagle' ''macuilli, five; cuāuhtli, eagle')
- I-Macuil Ehécatl (ngesiNahuatl: macuilehēcatl, 'imimoya emihlanu' macuilli, emihlanu; ehēcatl, wind')
- I-Macuil Itzcuintli (ngesiNahuatl: macuil itzcuintli, 'five dog''macuilli, five; itzcuintli, dog')
- I-Macuilmazatl (ngesiNahuatl: macuilmazātl, 'five deer''macuilli, five; mazātl, deer')
- I-Macuilmiquiztli (ngesiNahuatl: macuilmiquiztli, 'five death''macuilli, five; miquiztli, death')
- I-Macuilocatl (nge-Nahuatl: macuilocēlōtl, 'five jaguar''macuilli, ezinhlanu; ocēlōtl, jaguar')
- I-Macuilolin (ngesiNahuatl: macuilolīn, 'ukunyakaza okuhlanu''macuilli, amahlanu; olin, ukunyakaza')
- I-hookworm (ngesiNahuatl: macuil ozomatli, 'five monkey' macuilli, five; ozomatli, monkey')
- I-Macuil Quiahuitl (ngesiNahuatl: macuil quiahuitl, 'five rain''macuilli, five; quiahuitl, rain')
- I-Macuiltépetl (ngesiNahuatl: macuiltepetl, 'five flint''macuilli, five; tecpatl, flint')
Centzon Huitznahua: Unkulunkulukazi omele izinkanyezi zaseningizimu nezinkanyezi zaseningizimu, ubuye abe unkulunkulukazi wenzalo yokuphila nokufa, abafowabo bakankulunkulukazi wenyanga uCoyolxauhqui owayebabusa. Lapho unkulunkulukazi ekhulelwa uphaphe, indodakazi yakhe endala okuthiwa uCoyolxauhqui, kanye nezingane zakhe, babheka ukuthi kwakuyisenzo esiyichilo anquma ukuya eMount Coatepec futhi esuka lapho abuke izinkanyezi.
I-Centzon Totochtin: Unkulunkulu wama-Aztec umelelwa konkulunkulu abangama-400 noma imimoya emincane ehlangana nabantu abadakiwe, futhi uhlobene eduze namaphupho nokuvuka.Kuyaziwa futhi enkolweni yama-Aztec ngamagama alandelayo:
- I-Acolhua (ngesiNahuatl: acolhua, 'onamahlombe'''acolli, ihlombe; hua, onehlombe')
- I-Colhuantzíncatl (ngesiNahuatl: colhuantzincatl, 'isakhamuzi sase-Colhuacán''colhuacantzinco, colhuacan; tecatl, isakhamuzi, isakhamuzi sa, umuntu')
- I-Cuatlapanqui (ngesiNahuatl: quatlapanqui, 'the head-opener'' cuaitl, head; tlapanqui, tlapana; tlapana, to break')
- Chimalpanécatl (in Nahuatl: chimalpanecatl, 'inhabitant of chimalpán'' chimalpan, chimalpán; tecatl, inhabitant of, inhabitant of, person of')
- I-Izquitécatl (ngesiNahuatl: izquitecatl, 'umhlali wase-izquitlán''izquitlan, izquitlán; tecatl, ohlala, ohlala khona, umuntu wase')
- I-Ometochtli (ngesiNahuatl: ometochtli, 'onogwaja ababili''ome, ababili; tochtli, unogwaja')
- I-Papaztac (ngesiNahuatl: i-papaztac, 'onamandla' papaztac, panchtli; pachtli, enervate')
- I-Teatlahuiani (ngesiNahuatl: teatlahuiani, 'ominza', othile; atlahuiani, ukuminza')
- I-Tepoztécatl (ngesiNahuatl: tepoztecatl, 'isakhamuzi sase-tepoztlán''tecatl, ohlala, ohlala khona, umuntu wase-')
- I-Tequechmecaniani (ngesiNahuatl: tequechmecaniani, 'lowo olenga' kuwe, othile; i-quechtli, intamo; i-mecatl, intambo; i-mecaniani, leyo elenga')
- I-Tezcatzóncatl (nge-Nahuatl: tezcatzoncatl, 'mirror hair''tezcatl, mirror; zontli, hair')
- I-Tlaltecayohua (ngesiNahuatl: tlaltecayohua, 'umhlaba owayo'' tlalli, umhlaba; tecayohua, that falls, roll')
- Tlilhua (ngesiNahuatl: tlilhua, 'lowo onoyinki omnyama'' otli, uyinki omnyama; hua, onayo')
- I-Tomiyauh (ngesi-Nahuatl: tomiyauh, 'i-corn corn wheat' to, our; miahuatl, corn wheat')
- I-Toltécatl (ngesiNahuatl: toltécatl, 'isakhamuzi sase-tultitlán''toltli, toltitlán; tecatl, ohlala, ohlala, umuntu wase')
- I-Poyauhtecatl (ngesiNahuatl: poyauhtecatl, 'isakhamuzi sase-yauhtlan'' yauht, yauhtlán; i-mecatl, isakhamuzi, umhlali, umuntu wase')
I-Cipactonal: ezinganekwaneni zama-Aztec waziwa ngokuthi ungunkulunkulu owadala ilanga lokuqala kanye no-Oxomoco, ngemva kwempi phakathi kwamademoni amaningana waqanjwa ngokuthi uNkulunkulu wama-Aztec wezinkanyezi namakhalenda. Lo nkulunkulu ufaniswa no-Adamu no-Eva enkolweni yamaKhatholika.
Igama lakhe ngeSpanishi lisho indoda yesibankwa, futhi libhekisela ezintweni ezilandelayo: Wayengumuntu wokuqala, empeleni i-tonalli ebizwa ngokuthi "Cipactli" wusuku lokuqala lwekhalenda laseMexico futhi kwakuwusuku lokuqala, lwemvelaphi futhi enye Isekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi wasungula ikhalenda, empeleni "i-Cipactli" iwusuku lwe-tonalli lwekhalenda elingcwele laseMexica.
I-Cihuateo: UnguNkulunkulu wama-Aztec owayemelela imimoya yabesifazane, eya emhlabeni ngemva kweminyaka emine yokufa kwayo, yayibuswa imiphefumulo yabesifazane abafa lapho bebeletha. Bekwaziwa ngamagama alandelayo:
- I-Cihuamazatl (ngesiNahuatl: cihuamazatl, 'deer woman''cihuatl, woman; mazatli, deer')
- I-Cihuaquiahuitl (ngesiNahuatl: cihuaquiahuitl, 'imvula wesifazane''cihuatl, woman; quiahuitl, rain')
- I-Cihuaozomatl (ngesiNahuatl: cihuaozomatl, 'monkey woman''cihuatl, woman; ozomatli, monkey')
- I-Cihuacalli (ngesiNahuatl: cihuacalli, 'indlu yowesifazane''cihuatl, owesifazane; calli, indlu')?
- I-Cihuaquauhtli (ngesiNahuatl: cihuaquauhtli, 'ukhozi wesifazane''cihuatl, owesifazane; quauhtli, ukhozi')
Kunombhalo owasuka kudala onomgomo wokuvimbela izinsuku ezimbi kulabo ababuya phesheya, njengoba befike benebhadi futhi ngale ndlela kwadingeka bathathe uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokuheha inhlanhla unkulunkulukazi , idokhumenti ibhalwe nguFray Bernardino de Sahagún futhi ithi kanje:
“Futhi ngenxa yalokhu babewagubha futhi kulo mgubho banikela ethempelini labo, noma ezimpambanweni zemigwaqo, isinkwa esenziwe ngemifanekiso ehlukahlukene. Ezinye, njengezimvemvane, ezinye ngendlela yombani owa esibhakabhakeni, abawubiza ngokuthi i-xonecuilli, kanye nama-tamalejo abizwa ngokuthi i-xucuichtlama tzoalli, nommbila ogazingiwe obizwa ngokuthi izquitl.
Umfanekiso walaba nkulunkulukazi uwubuso obumhlophe, njengokungathi budaywe ngombala omhlophe kakhulu, izingalo nemilenze efanayo, banezindlebe zegolide, izinwele ezithinteke okwezintokazi ezinezimpondo, i-huipil ependwe ngamagagasi amnyama, i-naguas. yayiqoshwe imibala ehlukahlukene.”
I-Chalchiutotolin: Ingenye yonkulunkulu bama-Aztec abazomela izifo nezinhlupho, njengoba abaseMexico bebheka i-turkey njengesilwane sokudla okungokomkhosi, ukunikela kuNkulunkulu u-Chalchiutotolin uphendulela i-turkey ibe ukudla kwaphezulu, okondla yonke into. yona, ngaphezu kwalokho yaqashelwa ngomlingiswa wasebukhosini futhi abantu abakwazanga ukuyidla. Lapho abaseSpain befika bazosho okulandelayo:
«Izinkukhu zala mazwe kanye namaqhude abizwa ngokuthi i-totolin. Ziyizinyoni ezaziwayo ezifuywayo, zinomsila oyindilinga nezimpaphe zamaphiko, nakuba zingandizi; ziyinyama yezinyoni zonke; Badla ummbila omanzi uma umncane, kanye nezingulube eziphekiwe nezigayiwe kanye nezinye izimila; Babekela amaqanda bakhulise nezinkukhu.
Zinemibala ehlukene, ezinye zimhlophe, ezinye zibomvu, ezinye zimnyama kanti ezinye nsundu; abesilisa babizwa ngokuthi ama-huexolotl futhi bane-dewlap enkulu nesifuba esikhulu, banezintamo ezinkulu namakhorali anemibala; amakhanda abo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ikakhulukazi uma becasukile, bahlangene (bahwaqane); banoqhwaku lwenyama olulenga emlonyeni wabo… isikhukhukazi sesifazane sincane kuneqhude, sifushane, sinamakhorali ekhanda nasemqaleni.
Inyama yayo imnandi kakhulu; unomzimba, futhi ubeka izinkukhu zakhe ngaphansi kwamaphiko akhe, futhi udlisa amantshontsho akhe efuna izimpethu nezinye izinto "
I-Chimalma: Lo nkulunkulukazi uwumfanekiso kanina kankulunkulu wama-Aztec, uQuetzalcóatl, obuye abizwe ngo-Ce Ácatl Topiltzin, omunye wonkulunkulu abahlonishwa kakhulu nabahlonishwa kakhulu ngesiko lama-Aztec, Nakuba enguNkulunkulu owathola ummbila, amasiko nempilo nakho kungenxa yakhe.
Leli qhawe lakha idolobha ukuze linqobe kwezinye izindawo, ngale ndlela laqala ukwakha umphakathi omkhulu ngokunqoba izigodi ezingomakhelwane. Izikhali zakhe eziyinhloko kwakungumnsalo nemicibisholo, khona-ke uNkulunkulu waphephela emhumeni futhi benza lapho ithempeli lakhe elingcwele.
I-Huehueteotl: ukuqashelwa kwenziwa ngobunkulunkulu anabo, ungomunye wonkulunkulu abadala kunabo bonke eMesoamerica, futhi umelwe njengekhehla elidala kakhulu nelishwabene osevele lishwabene futhi ligobile, libhekisela kukho konke eliye laphila kukho.
Ungomunye wezithixo ezibaluleke kakhulu zama-Aztec, unkulunkulu womlilo, ngoba nguye owasungula isiko lama-Aztec, ungowokuqala okumele enze kuye imikhosi nemihlatshelo, usemdala kangangokuthi lapho bedweba. kuye benza imibimbi eminingi namazinyo ambalwa ukukhombisa ukuthi indala kangakanani.
Ukubaluleka kwalo nkulunkulu kungamandla akhe phezu komlilo futhi uyisisusa esiyinhloko kuwo wonke amasiko nomhlatshelo kweminye imiphakathi yama-Aztec, umelela ukuphila nokuvuselelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ivuselela umhlaba. Ngendlela efanayo ihamba ngezilinganiso ezine kanye nezindiza zasemhlabeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inamandla okuhlanganisa umndeni, umphakathi kanye nomhlaba wonke ngaphezulu.
I-Izpapalotitotec: Ungomunye wezithixo ezibaluleke kakhulu zama-Aztec ezikhona, isimo sakhe singesovemvane lwe-obsidian, futhi ubaluleke kakhulu esikweni laseChichimeca, lo nkulunkulukazi unokubukeka kohlaka lwamathambo, uphethe imimese emibili, uwuphawu lwe ukuzalwa kabusha nokuvuselelwa.
Ngokwesiko lama-Aztec, wayemelela umama wempi nomhlatshelo womuntu, ungusanta wokufa kodwa ophethe ipharadesi. Uma uyicela, ujabulela inhlanhla nempilo enhle, ngakho-ke uzochuma futhi uphile isikhathi eside.
Uma uthole lesi sihloko mayelana nonkulunkulu bama-Aztec sibalulekile, ngikumema ukuthi uvakashele izixhumanisi ezilandelayo: