Thola kulesi sihloko ezithakazelisayo kanjani Inhlangano Yezombangazwe Yama-Aztec, izici zayo, izici ezibalulekile nokunye okuningi. Ungayeki ukuyifunda!, lapho sizozazisa ngokuthi lo mphakathi wakhiwe kanjani ngokwepolitiki.
Inhlangano yezombangazwe yama-Aztec: izibalo zamandla
Inhlangano yezombangazwe yama-Aztec ibhekisela endleleni impucuko yaseMexico yasendulo eyasakaza ngayo futhi yayala izibalo zayo zamandla. Ngokuvamile, inhlangano yalo Mbuso yayisekelwe ekuphathweni okuhlangene lapho izibopho zegazi nezakhiwo zomndeni zazibalulekile.
Ngamanye amazwi, izindawo zaseMexico zahlukaniswa imindeni ehlonishwa kakhulu. Ngokunjalo, umlingiswa omkhulu kwakunguTlatoani; uhlobo lombusi okhethwe umkhandlu owakhiwe izicukuthwane nabamele imindeni ebalulekile.
Nakuba ama-tlatoani akhethwa umkhandlu, laba babusi kwakusadingeka babe nobuhlobo begazi nenkosi eyabandulele. Ngakho-ke, izicukuthwane zakhetha i-tlatoani elandelayo eqenjini lamadodana e-tlatoani yangaphambili.
Umbuso wama-Aztec wakhiwa yi-Triple Alliance, eyayihlanganisa inyunyana yamadolobha amathathu abalulekile: iTexcoco, iTlacopan neTenochtitlan. Nokho, amandla amakhulu kakhulu ahlanganiswa eTenochtitlán; okusho ukuthi basuka kuleli dolobha abanye balawulwa babhekile.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yezindawo zoMbuso Wama-Aztec yayihlanganisa abantu abanqotshiwe. Lemizi yayigcina ababusi bayo nendlela yabo yokuphila, kodwa kwakudingeka ihloniphe idolobha elikhulu.
Lezi zintela zenze ukunganeliseki emadolobheni abusayo, okwathi ngokuphindisela kwasiza amaSpanishi ukuthi aqede ukubusa kwe-Tenochtitlan.
Inhlangano yezombangazwe yama-Aztec: izibalo zamandla
I-Huey Tlatoani: wayengusaziwayo obaluleke kakhulu enhlanganweni yama-Aztec. Wayebhekwa njengesithunywa sonkulunkulu, okungukuthi, ummeleli oqondile wonkulunkulu. Amagama athi huey tlatoani angahunyushwa ngokuthi "isikhulumi esikhulu".
AmaHuey Tlatoani akhethwa i-pīpiltin, iqembu lezicukuthwane elakha umkhandlu wama-Aztec. Abanye ababhali bayaqinisekisa ukuthi umbuso wama-Aztec wawusebenza njengobukhosi befa, ngoba yizingane ze-tlatoani kuphela ezazikwazi ukufinyelela lesi sikhundla.
I-Cihuacoatl: Ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sezombangazwe, i-Cihuacóatl ibambe isikhundla sesibili ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo samandla. Babengabapristi abakhulu futhi indima yabo yayifana neyondunankulu.
Ngokuvamile, i-Cihuacóatl yayinomthwalo wemfanelo wokushintsha i-tlatoani uma ingekho; Futhi wayengumahluleli ophakeme phakathi kwezinhlaka zokwahlulela nezempi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaCihuacóatl ayekwazi ukuhlela uhambo lwezempi futhi abize umhlangano wokhetho uma kwenzeka kufa i-tlatoani.
Umkhandlu noma iTlatocan: kwakuyikomiti lama-Aztec futhi lakhiwe iqembu lamadoda angu-14 angaphansi kwezikhulu, ayephethe esinye salezi zikhundla ezilandelayo:
-Abaholi bezenkolo.
– Abaphathi.
- Abaholi bezempi.
- Izinhloko zabantu noma imindeni ebalulekile.
– Abacebisi ngempi.
Emihlanganweni yomkhandlu, abakwaCihuacóatl bahlongoza isihloko okwakungaxoxwa ngaso futhi amanye amalungu aveza imibono yawo. Uma sekuqediwe, u-Huey Tlatoani wenze isinqumo sokugcina ngokusekelwe kuzinketho ezethulwe ngabeluleki bakhe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izazi-mlando ziyavuma ukuthi amalungu e-tlatocan ayengabantu abanethonya elikhulu emphakathini wama-Aztec.
I-Tlacochcalcatl: lihumusha ngokuthi "indoda evela endlini ye-darts" futhi lalisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kojenene baseMexico. Ezinqumweni zezempi, i-Tlacochcalcatl ikleliswe endaweni yesibili ngemuva kwamaTlatoani. Laba ojenene babenomsebenzi wokuhola amabutho nokuhlela imikhankaso yempi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Tlacochcalcatl nayo kwadingeka ivikele izikhali zamasosha, ezazigcinwe e-Tlacochcalco (indlu yemicibisholo).
I-Tlacateccatl: Wayengumuntu wezempi owayelandela i-Tlacochcalcatl ebalulekile. Umsebenzi wala masosha kwakuwukuvikela ikamu elalimaphakathi neTenochtitlán. I-Tlacateccatl ngokuvamile yayisiza i-Tlacochcalcatl ekwenzeni izinqumo nasekulawuleni amasosha.
I-Huitzncahuatlailotlac kanye ne-Tizociahuacatl: lezi zikhundla zasetshenziselwa ukuqoka amajaji amakhulu ngaphakathi koMbuso Wama-Aztec. Inhloso yalezi zicukuthwane kwakuwukwenza ubulungisa emphakathini waseMexico; ngokunjalo, izikhundla ngokuvamile zaziphethwe abantu abacebile nabafundile.
I-Tlatoani noma inhloko yesifundazwe: babengababusi bezifunda zama-Aztec. Babenomsebenzi wokugcina ukuthula ezindaweni zabo.
Nakuba babenokuzimela okuthile, kwakudingeka bahlangane ne-huey tlatoani ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze babike ngokukhula kwesifundazwe futhi balethe ama-akhawunti ngokuqoqwa kwemiklomelo.
I-Tecuhtli: Leli gama lihunyushwa ngokuthi "nkosi" futhi liye lasetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kubabonisi bezintela. Ngamanye amazwi, i-tecuhtli yayingabaphathi abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqoqa izintela.
Ukuphathwa kwamandla avela ezintela noma inkokhiso
Ukuze kugcinwe ukuhleleka negunya ezindaweni ezinqotshiwe, zonke izifundazwe zama-Aztec kwadingeka zikhokhe uchungechunge lwezintela ukuze zinikezwe iTenochtitlán.
Ngokuvamile, izintela kwakuyizimpahla ezithile (ukudla, izindwangu, phakathi kokunye) ezithunyelwa ababusi ngamashejuli avamile (okungukuthi, ngezikhathi ezithile ngonyaka).
Ngokunjalo, izifundazwe ezikhiphe lezi zintela kwake kwaba yimiphakathi enezinye izilimi nezinkolelo ezingaphansi kweziphathimandla zaseTenochtitlán.
Le miphakathi yavuma ukwenza le nkokhelo ngoba yayingenawo amandla ezempi ama-Aztec. Eqinisweni, uma bengayikhokhi intela, i-Mexica ingase isongele le miphakathi ngokuhlaselwa kwempi.
Ukuphatha izifundazwe
Ngokwemibhalo yaseSpain, uMbuso Wama-Aztec wahlukaniswa waba izifundazwe ezingu-38. Lezi zindawo, ngemva kokunqotshwa ama-Aztec, zazigcina izinduna zazo zendawo futhi zazinokuzimela okuthile ukuze zenze amasiko nemikhuba yazo.
Ngenxa yokuhlonishwa kwalezi zifundazwe, i-Triple Alliance yakwazi ukusabalala ngokushesha futhi yaba umbuso omkhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba izintela azisetshenziselwa ukuxhasa imikhankaso yezempi kuphela, kodwa nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda nezolimo.
Imodeli yakho kanye nesistimu
Ihambisana neqhinga lezempi elinekhono, inhlangano yezombangazwe yama-Aztec yayisekelwe ohlelweni oluhloselwe ukuqinisekisa amandla kuzo zonke izindawo ezinqotshiwe eMesoamerica.
Ngale ndlela, nezikhulu ezihlukene ezazilawula izifunda ngaphansi kombuso wezimali ngendlela ehlukile, zikwazile ukwenza amadolobha amaningi athobe embusweni.
I-Triple Alliance enhlanganweni yezombangazwe yama-Aztec
Ngokusungula inkundla ebizwa ngokuthi i-Triple Alliance, inhlangano yezombusazwe yama-Aztec yazungeza umfelandawonye wezifunda ezintathu zamadolobha, okuyiTenochtitlán, Texcoco kanye neTlacopan.
Le Commonwealth yalwa izimpi ezimbalwa zokunqoba ezayivumela ukuthi ithuthuke ngokushesha, nokho, idolobha laseTenochtitlán belilokhu liwuzakwethu ovelele.
Nakuba la mandla abekiwe angabonakala njengangaqondile, ngoba iningi lababusi bezindawo ezinqotshiwe bahlala ezikhundleni zabo, izinkokhelo ezinikezwe i-Triple Alliance zabiza i-Mexica ukucasuka kwabantu abazithobayo.
Kangangokuthi abaningi babo basiza abanqobi ukuba banqobe umbuso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphathwa kukahulumeni kwesiko lama-Aztec kwakusekelwe emandleni ezicukuthwane ayengaphansi kombusi.
Ukuthi inhlangano yezombangazwe yama-Aztec yayinezinga eliphezulu kanjani
Ngezinhloso zezinkomba zangaphambilini, inhlangano yezombangazwe yama-Aztec esekelwe emandleni ezicukuthwane, yayinalezi zigaba ezilandelayo:
- Umbusi noma u-Huey Tlatoani, owayenegunya laphezulu, wagxila kuzo zonke izici zezombangazwe, ezenkolo, ezempi, ezentengiselwano nezenhlalakahle zombuso, ngaphezu kwalokho, wamisa ababusi bamadolobha futhi wakhuthaza ukukhula kwendawo esekelwe ezimpini. ukunqotshwa, ukuthola inani elikhulu lemiklomelo.
- I-Supreme Council noma i-Tlatocán, eyasekela u-Huey Tlatoani ezinqumweni zikahulumeni, yakhiwe ngamalungu e-bureaucracy yama-Aztec.
- UCihuacóatl noma inhloko yabapristi, wayengumuntu omethembayo wombusi, owayemkhulula emisebenzini yakhe lapho engekho.
- UTlacochcálcatl noTlacatécatl babephethe ukuhlela ibutho, ukusungula amaqhinga empi nokuwahola, bephethe ukunqoba nokunqotshwa.
- UHuitzncahuatlailotlac kanye noTizociahuácatl babengamajaji ayinhloko kahulumeni wama-Aztec.
- I-Tlatoani noma inkosi, eyingxenye yezikhulu, yayibusa amadolobha ombuso.
- I-Tecuhtli, noma abameli bentela, babenesibopho sokukhokha izintela okufanele ezindaweni ezinqotshiwe.
- Calpullec, yasungulwa ngabaholi abehlukene baseCalpullis.
Kungaphethwa ngokuthi inhlangano yezombangazwe yama-Aztec yembula ukuthi enye yezimfanelo zale mpucuko enkulu yayinamandla amakhulu ezempi kanye nezinga layo lenhlangano yezombangazwe-yezindawo, okwaphumela engcebweni enkulu.
Uma uthole lesi sihloko sithakazelisa, sikumema ukuthi ujabulele lezi ezinye: