Sikumema ukuthi uthole okwengeziwe ngomhlaba othokozisayo we Izimpawu zeViking, incazelo yalo kanye nengxenye yomlando walo. Lawa madolobha ayebonakala ngokuba nezimpawu ezinkulu ezaziwamelela ezintweni eziningi, isibonelo empini, uthando nokuvikelwa.
izimpawu ze-viking
Esihlokweni sethu namuhla ungafunda okwengeziwe mayelana nezimpawu zamaViking nencazelo yazo nomlando. Uma sikhuluma ngezimpawu zamaViking, sibhekisela kulowo nalowo mfanekiso ongokomfanekiso owasetshenziswa iminyaka eminingi abantu baseNordic ababehlala ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwekazi laseYurophu phakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX nele-XNUMX.
Iningi lezimpawu zamaViking kungathiwa lihlobene namaqiniso ezinganekwane zamaNorse nabalingiswa bayo abayinhloko, ikakhulukazi onkulunkulu bawo noma izidalwa zaphezulu. Namuhla eziningi zezimpawu zamaViking zithandwa kakhulu njengoba zitholakala ezinsalela zempucuko yamaViking kanye nasemibhalweni yesandla.
Izimpawu zamaViking cishe zihlala zihlobene nesici senkolo, okungukuthi, zinencazelo exhunywe endaweni engokomoya, nokho siphinde sithole ezinye ezinezincazelo ezikude nendikimba yonkulunkulu. Eziningi zalezi zibalo zazisetshenziswa njengezigqizo ukuze kuvikeleke amaViking. Ingxenye enkulu yalezi zimpawu isiphinde yaduma ngenxa yezinkolo ezintsha ze-neo-pagan.
Izimpawu ziye zafeza indima ebalulekile emlandweni wabantu abaningi basendulo. Ziyindlela yokumela isici sempilo evamile noma izwe elingaphezu kwemvelo. Ingxenye enhle yalezi izethulo zazihlobene nemilingo, inkolo, ukuvikelwa ezindikimbeni zempi, zaze zasetshenziselwa uthando.
Namuhla, izimpawu ezisetshenziswa njengemihlobiso nama-tattoos ziqhubeka nokugcina umsebenzi womlingo nobuhle wenani elikhulu. Ngale kwencazelo yazo yobuhlakani, izimpawu zinencazelo ejulile ingxenye yethu enembile ekwaziyo ukuyibona.
Uma izimpawu zamaViking zikujabulisa futhi ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngomlando nencazelo yazo, khona-ke siyakumema ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda lesi sihloko esithakazelisayo, lapho sikubonisa khona izimpawu ezimele kakhulu neziyaziwa kakhulu kuwo wonke umlando. Ngakho ake siqale.
Viking Symbol Izincazelo
Izimpawu zamaViking beziyingxenye yomlando, ikakhulukazi kulaba bantu basendulo ababehlala esifundeni esisenyakatho yezwekazi laseYurophu iminyaka eminingi, lapho bathuthukisa futhi baqala amasiko namasiko abo. Naphezu kokuthandwa kwayo okuphezulu, abantu abaningi abakayazi incazelo nomlando weningi lalezi zimpawu.
Angobani amaViking?
Kude nombono wamaViking, njengabantu abavela enhlonhlweni yaseScandinavia yamaqhawe amakhulu namatilosi asakaza ukwesaba eYurophu cishe ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, amaViking ahlanganyela embonweni wezwe elivamile labantu basendulo. Lena yindlela u-Manuel Velasco Laguna ayibuyekeza ngayo "Umlando omfushane wamaViking", incwadi ethakazelisayo lapho kuxoxwa khona umkhondo wabantu baseViking.
Umbono womhlaba wabantu baseNordic
Njengabantu abaningi baseNorse, ngaphambi kokuvela kwezinkolo ezinkulu ezikholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa, amaViking ayenombono wobuhedeni obukholelwa kukho konke noma inkolelo ye-animist. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi inkolo yobuKristu yayinesibopho sokususa izinkolelo eziningi zomdabu zalezi zizwe, ezinye zathatha isikhathi eside nangokwesiko elidumile lamaViking.
Ama-runes ku-symbogy ye-Viking
Elinye lamagama ajwayelekile esingawathola emadolobheni amaViking mayelana nalawo abizwa ngama-runes. Uyazi ukuthi ama-runes asho ukuthini ku-Viking symbology? Ziyizinhlamvu eziyingxenye yezinhlamvu ze-runic ezisetshenziswa abantu baseNordic ingxenye enkulu. Lezi zinhlamvu zamagama bazisebenzisa ngokuyinhloko ukuze babhale ngezilimi zesiJalimane, ikakhulukazi eScandinavia naseBritish Isles.
I-Runes kanye nezinhlamvu ze-Viking
Babesetshenziswa kakhulu yilaba bantu ngesikhathi sasendulo futhi bakwazi ukuzinakekela ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ukusetshenziswa kwe-runes kanye nezinhlamvu ze-Viking kancane kancane kwancibilika, kwaze kwaba yilapho kuncishiswa kuphela kumakhalenda we-runic kanye nemihlobiso ekhulwini lama-XNUMX.
I-Viking Futhark Alphabet
Ku-alfabhethi yamaViking kwakunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi futhi enye yazo kwakuyiFuthark ngokuqondile. Lokhu kuhluka kwakusetshenziswe ikakhulukazi izakhamuzi zasesigodini samaViking. Izinhlamvu zayo noma ama-rune zazimelelwe amatshe ayindilinga nakwezinye izingcezu zamatshe nokhuni. Namuhla, ngaphandle kwamakhalenda e-runic, ama-rune amaViking avame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela yokubhula.
Akuyona imfihlo kunoma ubani ukuthi ku-symbogy ye-Nordic, i-alfabhethi ye-Futhark Viking engaqondakali ibhekwa njengenye yezimfihlakalo neziyimfihlo kakhulu. Le alfabhethi ebukeka iyinqaba ibonakala, phakathi kwezinye izici, ngokufaka inombolo enkulu yezimfihlo ezingakadalulwa. Abaningi babheka uphawu ngalunye lwe-runic njengencazelo efihliwe ngemuva kokuvela kwalo.
I-Tapestry of Fate kanye ne-Runes
Ngaphakathi kwezinganekwane zamaNorse sithola ukuba khona kwemimoya eminingana yabesifazane noma amaNorn afeze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwalesi siko. Phakathi kwezibopho eziyinhloko zale mimoya kwakuwukweluka ama-tapestries ekusasa lempilo yabesilisa nabesifazane. Ama-norns amathathu i-Urd, i-Skuld ne-Vernandi ingabaluki bezintambo zesikhathi esedlule, samanje nesakusasa.
amazwi e-viking
Uma okuthile kungenakungabaza, kuyifa elikhulu elishiywe amaViking asendulo, ngale kweminyaka ende edlule. Amagama amaningi ku-alfabhethi ye-Futhark agcinwe namuhla. La magama, abhalwe ngezinhlamvu zamaViking, asitshela ngabantu abahlushwa izinganekwane, amasiko nonkulunkulu. Kanjalo sithola iHávamál, incwadi yokuhlakanipha okuthiwa yabhalwa unkulunkulu u-Odin, owayehlala eValhalla, isigodlo lapho amaqhawe afile athathwa khona yiValkyries.
Uphawu lomkhumbi wamaViking: Drakkar
Ngokwesiko labantu baseViking, amanye amagama asetshenziselwa ukubhekisela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezikebhe. Laba bantu ngokuvamile basebenzisa imishwana efana ne-Drakkar, LongShip, Knar, ne-Snekkar ukuze babhekisele emikhunjini yabo eminingi. Elinye lamagama aziwa kakhulu kwakungu "Drakkar".
Igama elithi Drakkar lalisetshenziswa kakhulu ukubhekisa ohlotsheni lwesikebhe. Iningi liyavuma ukuthi lona kwakuwumkhumbi owawuthandwa kakhulu futhi owaziwa kakhulu, njengoba kwakuwumkhumbi wempi owawunekhanda likadrako ngaphambili. Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi lo mkhumbi awuzange ube nokusetshenziswa kwezempi nokuhwebelana kuphela.
Ngokusho kwamarekhodi, isikebhe esaziwa ngokuthi i-Drakkar sasisetshenziswa futhi emkhubeni wohambo oluya ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa. Njengakwamanye amasiko, abashonile babethunyelwa ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa ngemikhumbi evuthayo.
Izimpawu zesihlangu seViking
Okuthile okugqamayo phakathi kwesiko labantu baseViking izihlangu zabo. Lezi zinhlobo zamathuluzi zadonsa ukunaka kwawo wonke umuntu ngezizathu eziningi, ikakhulukazi ngemiklamo yazo ekhangayo, njengoba sibonile ochungechungeni lwethelevishini oluningi lapho kungabonakala khona izihlangu zamaViking.
Izihlangu zamaViking zazibonakala, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngokuba yindilinga futhi ziqinile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo zazilula, ngaphezu komsebenzi wazo wokuzivikela, ziqukethe izimpawu ezinkulu.
Ukuhlobisa izihlangu nge-symbogy ye-Nordic
Umhlobiso wezihlangu zamaViking wawungesinye sezici ezihlaba umxhwele nezikhangayo zalolu hlobo lokusebenzisa. Cishe njalo amahawu aveza umhlobiso ofanayo. Ngokuvamile zazihlotshiswe futhi zidwetshwe ngemibala egqamile futhi ecacile, nezinye ezilula, njenge-aquamarine, ezinezithombe ezifana ne-swastikas, triskeles, spirals neziphambano.
Kwezinye izikhathi kwakungenzeka ukubona izihlangu zamaViking nezinye izinhlobo zemiklamo, isibonelo sasikwazi ukuzibona zinezilwane ezinesitayela esifana namagwababa, izinkozi, izimpisi namadragoni, okwakuyizilwane ezazisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlobisa lezi zihlangu. . I-Runic motifs nayo yayigcwele izihlangu.
izinhlobo zezihlangu ze-viking
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezihlangu zamaViking. Ngakolunye uhlangothi sithola ezendabuko noma ezaziwa kakhulu, okwakuyizihlangu zokuzivikela eziyindilinga. Lezi zazivame ukwenziwa nge-lime noma ngokhuni lomsayipuresi futhi zazinosayizi olinganiselwa phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-60 no-70. Lolu hlobo lwamahawu lwalusetshenziswa emikhunjini futhi siluthola kuma-funerary trousseaus.
Ziyizinto ezibizwa ngokuthi izihlangu zentela ezinobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-90. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje akukaze kwenzeke ukuthola ukuthi kungani amaViking, ngaphambi kokuwashintsha abe yizihlangu ze-kite ekhulwini le-XNUMX, akhetha ukukhetha isimo esiyindilinga, esaba uhlobo lwesihlangu esisetshenziswa kakhulu nesithandwa kakhulu eYurophu. .
izihlangu ze-viking eziyindilinga
Izihlangu ezijikelezayo zamaViking zazithathwa njengezinye zezihlangu ezithandwa kakhulu nezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilaba bantu basendulo. Akuyona imfihlo kunoma ubani ukuthi umbuthano wawubhekwa njengendlela yokumelela konke futhi usetshenziswe kuma-mandala amaningi. Lo mqondo uqiniswa i-umbo, noma ingxenye emaphakathi yesihlangu, eyenziwe ngensimbi nenqwaba.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemibala ezihlanguni eziyindilinga zamaViking nakho bekungesinye sezici ezimele kakhulu zalolu hlobo lokusebenzisa. Imibala egqamile futhi egqamile cishe yayisetshenziswa njalo, ukuze kube lula ukuyibona ngesikhathi sempi futhi ibonise izinhloso. Okubomvu nokumnyama kwakukholelwa ukuthi zimele imibala yempi, kanti umhlophe kuwumbala wokuthula.
Ifindo likaThor's Shield
Olunye lwezimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu nezingokwesiko zamaViking ngaphakathi kwalesi siko kwakuyifindo lesihlangu sikaThor. Singayibona emasikweni ahlukene futhi ichazwa njengophawu oluvikelayo olunomumo wesiphambano selanga. Kukholakala ukuthi ithwala ukufana kwabanye abavela emasikweni ahlukene njengamaCeltic noma amaShayina.
Izimpawu zamaViking zempi namandla
Isici esiphawulekayo salaba bantu kwakuyimpi. Kusukela ekuqaleni babaziwa njengabantu abathanda impi, ababethanda ukuyohlala beyolwa. Ngaleso sizathu, ukuba khona kwezimpawu eziningi zamaViking ezihlobene nempi namandla akufanele neze kuxake. AmaViking Lords ayevame ukuthwala ifulegi (i-Merki) ekhanda lamasosha abo.
Kuyafaneleka ukucacisa ukuthi lapho abantu baseViking beya empini abazange basebenzise ifulege elifanayo (i-Merki). Kunalokho basebenzise ifulegi lezinhlamvu ezikhethekile elinomumo ongunxantathu. Leli fulegi lalaziwa ngokuthi "La gunnefane", elivame ukumela igwababa, elithathwa njengenyoni yase-Odin.
Zaziziningi izindaba nezinsumansumane ngemuva kwegwababa. Ngokwesibonelo, amaViking ayekholelwa ukuthi uma lesi silwane sivula uqhwaku lwaso futhi sibhakuza ngenjabulo, sasisho ibika elihle. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma igwababa laligcina ukuma linganyakazi futhi lingenzi noma yiluphi uphawu, lokho kwakusho ukuthi impi yamaViking yayilahlekile.
I-aegishjalmur noma i-ægishjálmur
Olunye lwezimpawu zempi zamaViking ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi ezaziwa kakhulu esingazithola ngaphakathi kwalesi siko i-aegishjalmur noma i-ægishjálmur. Ngokwezinkolelo zamaViking, lolu phawu lwamandla lwawanikeza isivikelo esikhulu futhi lwesabisa amabutho ezitha phakathi nesikhathi sempi.
Lapho lolu phawu lweqhawe lwemvelaphi yase-Icelandic ludonswa phakathi kwamehlo, umuntu owayelugqokile waba yinto enzima ukuwisa, cishe kwakungenakwenzeka ukumnqoba phakathi nokulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sihlangu senza izitha zibaleke. Ngaleso sizathu, yayaziwa nangokuthi isipelingi noma isifihla-buso sokwesaba.
I-Hraethigaldur ne-Ottastafur
Emadolobheni amaViking kwakunezimpawu eziningi zempi ezabelana ngomsebenzi owodwa futhi okwakuwukudala ukwesaba nokwesaba phakathi kwamabutho ezitha. Phakathi kwalezi zimpawu sithola i-Hraethigaldur ne-Ottastafur, izimpawu ezimbili ezimele kakhulu ekulweni kwabantu baseViking. Amasosha ayekholelwa ukuthi uma ebaqopha ezikhalini noma ngemuva kwesihlangu, isitha sasisaba.
I-Ygrgignir, gungnir noma umkhonto owesabekayo: Uphawu lweViking lwamandla
Uma kukhona uphawu lwamandla phakathi kwezizwe zamaViking, yilona kanye lolu. Kuwumfanekiso womkhonto ka-Odin. Kukholakala ukuthi ingenye ebaluleke kakhulu ngokwamandla namandla. Kwakuvame ukuphawulwa ezihlokweni zemikhonto nemikhonto ukuze bahlale beshaya ilitshe.
Uphawu lwe-Gungnir, olumelela umkhonto kankulunkulu u-Odin, lwenziwa ngabancane futhi lwanikezwa unkulunkulu u-Loki ku-Odin. Enye yamandla lolu phawu lwamaViking lwaluhlala lushaya ilitshe futhi uma selukwenzile, lubuyela ezandleni zika-Odin. Lawa mandla angatholakala nasesando sikaThor, esinye sezimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu zamaViking.
I-Vegvísir: ikhampasi yamaViking
Abaningi bathi lolu phawu lwalunomsebenzi wokuqondisa amatilosi amaViking phakathi nesiphepho, ngakho kuthiwa lwalufana nekhampasi, kuyilapho abanye belokotha ukuluchaza njengophawu lwemilingo. Ngale kwayo yonke le mibono, iqiniso liwukuthi sibhekene nesinye sezimpawu zamaViking ezingaqondakali emlandweni.
Njengoba kubonakala, lolu phawu luvula izingalo zalo nhlangothi zonke njenge-compass rose, alushiyi noma ubani olubonayo engenandaba. Ihambisana nomklamo otholakala kabanzi kubantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi emasikweni ama-shaman.
Ngokunokwenzeka, izinguqulo eziphakamisa ukuthi lolu phawu lwaluwuhlobo lwekhampasi ziyiqiniso. Iningi liyalokotha lisho ukuthi lisebenza njengomhlahlandlela futhi limaka iziqondiso okufanele zilandelwe. Lolu phawu luvela luvela encwadini yomsuka wase-Icelandic, cishe ngo-1600, ikakhulukazi incwadi yakwaGadrabók, i-grimoire noma incwadi yemilingo.
Izimbazo eziningi zalolu phawu zinokufana okuthile nokumelela kwabantu bakudala emasikweni akude kakhulu njengeShayina, lapho befuna khona ukuthola indawo yomuntu phakathi kwezulu nomhlaba.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, i-Vegvísir yaba uphawu olubalulekile lapho uhamba ngomkhumbi. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane eziningi, lolu phawu lwalubhalwe cishe njalo emikhunjini yamaViking ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikusasa labo libuyela ekhaya. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lolu phawu lunokufana okuthile nolunye uphawu lwamaViking olunethonya elikhulu, ikakhulukazi i-aegishjalmur.
Njengamanje ukuthandwa kwalolu phawu lweViking sekubuyele phambili, ikakhulukazi emhlabeni wama-tattoos. Ifanekisela indlela eqondile futhi igwema ukulahlekelwa inkambo yokuphila.
Izimpawu zeNordic zezithixo zamaViking
Onkulunkulu bamaViking bamele kabanzi ngaphakathi kwalesi siko. Izimpawu eziningi zalezi zizwe zihlobene nezidalwa zabo zaphezulu noma onkulunkulu, ikakhulukazi no-Odin, obhekwa njengonkulunkulu ababaluleke kakhulu nabaziwayo bezizwe zamaViking. Ngezansi sikubonisa ezinye zezimpawu zamaNorse zonkulunkulu bamaViking.
Imaski ka-Odin
Imaski ka-Odin njengamanje inemigqa emibili yokuhumusha:
- Ukumelwa kwe-Odin
- imimoya yemvelo
1. Ukumelwa kwe-Odin
Umugqa wokuqala wokuhumusha imaski ye-Odin ukuthi imaski imelela ngokuqondile u-Odin, uyise wonkulunkulu bezinganekwane zaseNorse. Ngokuvamile, angakwazi ukwaziwa ngamagama ahlukene, phakathi kwawo i-Wotan evelele. Ukumelwa kwakhe ngokomzimba kusenza sicabange ukuthi ungumuntu ozolile futhi onomusa.
Bammelela ngokubonakala kwekhehla, elinentshebe ebanzi nende neso elilodwa, nejazi elinemithende noswazi. Nokho, ingavezwa ngezinye izindlela eziningi ezihluke ngokuphelele. Ngomfanekiso wamaNorse, u-Odin uchazwa njengonkulunkulu wokuhlakanipha nolwazi.
Naphezu kwaleyo ncazelo, kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi u-Odin unamandla okuguqula abe unkulunkulu wempi nokufa. Kulokhu, isifihla-buso sasibekwe ngendlela esabekayo futhi embi kangangokuthi izitha zabaleka ngenxa yokwesaba ngaphandle kokulwa.
2. Imimoya yemvelo
Incazelo yesibili enikezwe imaski ka-Odin ilula futhi ikhonkolo. Kulokhu, kuthiwa isifihla-buso salo nkulunkulu siwuphawu olumelela imimoya evikela umhlaba, okungukuthi, i-landvaettir.
Uphawu luka-Odin: I-Valknut noma i-Odin's Knot
Abaningi bayazi lolu phawu ngaphansi kwegama elithi "inhliziyo Hrungnir". Inhliziyo yabawile imele amandla ka-Odin phezu kwemiqondo yabantu, ebathanda noma abaholele emashwa. Ngokombhalo wesandla we-Galdrabook, akufanelekile ukugqoka lolu phawu, kuncane kakhulu ukulibhala, ngaphandle uma uqinisekile ukuthi ufuna ukukhonza i-Odin.
Isiko lachaza ukuthi labo bantu abanquma ukuthwala lolu phawu ngokuvamile babevame ukufa ngendlela egcwele igazi futhi enobudlova. Onxantathu bayo abathathu abahlangene bamele indalo emazingeni ayo amathathu noma imihlaba.
Ngokusho kwezindawo lapho kutholakale khona ubufakazi balolu phawu, abaningi bathi kungatholakala ukuthi kwakuhlobene nokulwa nokufa. Isigcawu ngasinye sesithombe esihlanganisa lolu phawu izimpi noma izimo zokufa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusho ukuthini, iqiniso liwukuthi liwuphawu oluhlobene nonkulunkulu wokufa, u-Odin.
Ngenxa yezinsalela zemivubukulo, umqondo wokuthi lolu phawu lwalusetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuhlobisa kuphela. Kubalulekile futhi ukuveza ukuthi kukhona ukuhlukahluka kwejometri okuhlukile mayelana nalolu phawu, nokho isibalo esivame kakhulu siqukethe onxantathu abahlukene abathathu abaphambanayo. Kwezinye izimo kungenzeka ukudweba lolu phawu ngomugqa owodwa oqhubekayo ohlanganayo ukuze ubelethe onxantathu abathathu.
Amathanga
Njengoba nje kwenzeka ngophawu lwefindo lika-Odin, esimweni se-Triceps, limelelwa izakhi ezintathu ezilinganayo. Kulokhu, ama-runes amathathu e-Inguz ahlangene anokufana kwedayimane. Ihambisana nolunye lwezimpawu zeViking zendabuko nezithandwayo kulawa madolobha. Ibhekwa njengophawu oluvikelayo, imelela ukholo enkolweni ye-neopagan Ásatrú.
Uphondo kathathu luka-Odin
Phakathi kwezimpawu zamaViking ezinesiko nethonya elikhulu kakhulu sithola uphondo luka-Odin olukathathu, oluchazwa njengophawu oluhlobene ngokuqondile nonkulunkulu u-Odin futhi olufana okuthile nophawu lwe-triquetra, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokulinganisa kwayo kathathu. . Kuwuphawu olwakhiwa izimpondo ezintathu amaViking ayeziphuza.
Ngokwezinganekwane zamaNorse, unkulunkulu u-Odin wancenga umdondoshiya u-Gunnlod ubusuku obuthathu ukuba amnikeze iziphuzo ezintathu zomuthi owawusezimpondweni. Indaba ithi uGunnlod wavuma isicelo esinjalo, nokho u-Odin wathatha ithuba lokuphuza konke okuqukethwe okwakungaphakathi kwezimpondo.
Ngenxa yamandla anikezwe i-mead yezinkondlo, unkulunkulu u-Odin waphenduka ukhozi futhi waphunyuka ku-Gunnlod. Amagama ezimpondo ezintathu yi-Óðrœrir, Boðn kanye ne-Són. Zonke zaziqukethe i-mead yezinkondlo eyayifakwe ngabancane uFjalar noGalar. Izinganekwane zamaNorse zibeka i-mead njengophawu lokuhlakanipha nogqozi lobunkondlo. Noma ubani oyoyiphuza uyoguqulwa abe yimbongi ehlakaniphile.
Uphondo oluthathu lophawu lwe-Odin luvela ku-Snoldelev Viking Runestone, itshe lekhulu le-XNUMX elitholakala eDenmark.
Isando sikaThor: Mjolnir
Olunye lwezimpawu zamaViking ezibaluleke kakhulu kuleli siko isando sikankulunkulu uThor, owaziwa ngokuthi uMjolnir. Isando sikaThor sibhekisela emfanekisweni wamandla ngoba sibhekwa njengesinye sezikhali ezesabekayo ezinganekwaneni zamaNorse.
Ngokusho kwezinganekwane, lesi sando senziwa uBrokkr no-Eitri ukuze banikezwe uThor. Ukuba nesando kukankulunkulu uThor kubhekisela ekulawuleni kwakhe umbani nokuduma. Lesi sikhali sasinamandla okubuyela ezandleni zikaThor lapho esijikijela.
Umlando ubonisa ukuthi lesi sibalo sasikhona iminyaka eminingi, kangangokuthi sasingase sidlulele ezikhathini lapho ubuKristu bunamandla amakhulu, lapho amaViking eqala ukuqhuba ubuKristu baqhubeka nokusebenzisa uphawu lweMjölnir ngezinjongo zokuhlobisa ukuze bafanekise amandla. kanye nokuvikelwa.
Ngokungangabazeki, isando sikaThor, esinye sezikhali ezimele kakhulu zalo nkulunkulu, saba esinye sezimpawu zempi ezinethonya nezinamandla ezinganekwaneni zamaNorse. Lesi sipho esivela kwabancane u-Eitri kanye no-Brokkr esiya ku-Thor sibuyela ezandleni zikankulunkulu lapho siphonswa. Wayenamandla okulawula umbani nokuduma.
I-Ravens Hungin ne-Munin
Womabili amagwababa, amaHungin kanye namaMunin, avela eduze kukankulunkulu u-Odin emifanekisweni eminingi yamaNorse, okuwenza abe olunye lwezimpawu zamaViking ezinethonya nezidumile. Umgomo wawo uwukwazisa nokuxwayisa uNkulunkulu ngazo zonke izingozi nezinsongo ezikhona. I-Munin ifanekisela inkumbulo, kuyilapho i-Hugin ifanekisela umcabango.
Sleipnir: Ihhashi lika-Odin
Unkulunkulu u-Odin wayengabhekwa njengomunye wabamele kakhulu abantu besizwe samaViking futhi esinye sezici ezamchaza kakhulu kwakuyihhashi lakhe elinemilenze eyisishiyagalombili elaziwa ngokuthi iSleipnir. Ngaleli hhashi, u-Odin waba nekhono lokuhamba ezinhlangothini eziyisishiyagalombili ngomoya noma emhlabeni. Ngaleso sizathu, ichazwa njengophawu lokuvikeleka ekuhambeni nasekuhlakanipheni.
Umfanekiso waleli hhashi eliyimfihlakalo utholwe uqoshwe emadwaleni ahlukahlukene emvelaphi yamaViking. Ngokwezinkolelo zalezi zizwe, imilenze yehhashi eyisishiyagalombili imelela amandla alo okuhamba emhlabeni nasemoyeni. Iphinde ibhekisele eziqondisweni eziyisishiyagalombili zekhampasi, njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni.
I-Jörmungandr: uphawu lwemijikelezo
Ukukhuluma ngezimpawu zamaViking ukubhekisa ngaphandle kokungabaza kulokhu kumelwa. Abaningi bayazi ngaphansi kwegama le-ouroboros. Iwuhlobo lwenyoka enamaphiko noma udrako oluma umsila wayo futhi ibhekise kumjikelezo wesikhathi. Incwadi ye-Prose Edda ilandisa ukuthi unkulunkulu u-Odin waphonsa inunu engu-Jörmungandr olwandle ukuze agweme ingozi. Kulapho lakhula khona laze lakwazi ukuzungeza umhlaba wonke lagcina seliluma umsila.
Izimpawu zokuvikela amaViking
Njengoba nje kunezimpawu zamaViking zempi nonkulunkulu, singagqamisa nezimpawu ezithile ezazibhekise endikimbeni yokuvikela. Eziningi zalezi zimpawu, njengoba namagama azo ebonisa, zazisetshenziselwa ukuzivikela ezingozini ezithile futhi zinamandla amaningi nokuhlakanipha. Ake sibuyekeze ezinye ezibaluleke kakhulu.
I-Gapaldur kanye ne-Ginfaxi: Izimpawu zeViking ezinyaweni
Olunye lwezimpawu eziyinhloko zokuvikela amaViking okufanele wazi ukuthi ama-runes amabili okuthiwa i-Gapaldur ne-Ginfaxi. Womabili ama-runes ayeqoshwe ematheni ezicathulo futhi ayewuphawu lokuvikelwa nokulondeka. Endabeni ye-Gapaldur, yabekwa esithendeni sesicathulo sokudla, kuyilapho i-Ginfaxi ibekwe ozwaneni lonyawo lwesobunxele.
Uyazi ukuthi yayiyini inhloso yalezi zimpawu zokuvikela zamaViking? Kuthiwa inhloso enkulu kwakuwukuzama ukuzuza ukunqoba empini evamile yamaGlíma. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yaba enye yezimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu nezivelele ngaphakathi kwalesi siko.
Isihlahla sesibindi noma i-Vergrdrassil
Olunye lwezimpawu zokuvikela zamaViking. Ngokuvamile lalisetshenziswa yilabo bantu ababenenhloso yokuqala izinkampani ezibalulekile ezazidinga umzamo omkhulu nokuzidela.Omunye umehluko ophawulekayo walolu phawu maqondana namanye amasiko ukuthi umfanekiso walo wenziwa ngombala omnyama hhayi ngombala. amaminerali jade green njengoba kwenzeka kwamanye amadolobha. Cishe njalo lolu phawu lwalubekwe ebunzini.
Uphawu lwe-angurgapi viking
Uphawu lwe-Angurgapi nalo lwaluthathwa njengolubaluleke kakhulu esikweni lamaViking. Ngokuvamile yayitholakala ngaphansi kwemiphongolo. Ngokosiko lwala madolobha uphawu lwalubekwa kuleyo ndawo ukuze ubhiya obungaphakathi ungantshontshwa.
Vatnahlífir viking uphawu
Izizwe zamaViking zazinophawu lwazo zonke izinto. Endabeni yeVatnahlífir, cishe yayisetshenziswa njalo lapho uwela imifula eyingozi. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi lolu phawu lunikeza isivikelo emanzini. Isiko lalibeka ukuthi uphawu lubhalwe phansi kwengalo yesokudla.
isiphambano sika-troll
Ohlwini lwezimpawu zokuvikela amaViking, okubizwa ngokuthi isiphambano se-Troll akukwazanga ukulahlekelwa, kubhekwa njengenye yezithombe ezinkulu kakhulu zalezi zizwe zasendulo. Abantu abanquma ukugqoka lolu phawu ngokuvamile benza kanjalo ukuze bazivikele kuma-troll nama-elves.
imihlaba eyisishiyagalolunye
Ngokwalokho okubonakala kuyisayensi yendawo yonke yezinganekwane zamaNorse, indawo yonke ihlukaniswe yaba imihlaba eyisishiyagalolunye ehlanganiswe isihlahla esikhulu iYggdrasil. Kule mihlaba ehlukene kuhlala izidalwa ezehlukene zezinganekwane zamaNorse: imidondoshiya, onkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi phakathi kwabanye. Ngokusekelwe ezincazelweni zezinganekwane zamaNorse, kuye kwatholakala ukuthi indawo engenhla iqukethe imihlaba elandelayo:
- I-Jötunheim noma umhlaba weziqhwaga.
- I-Muspelheim, indawo yomlilo lapho kuhlala khona imidondoshiya yomlilo.
- I-Niflheim, umbuso weqhwa laphakade nemifula eyishumi nanye.
- Asgard, lapho u-Odin ehlala khona nabanye onkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi.
- I-Álfheim, izwe lama-elves akhanyayo.
- I-Vanaheim, indawo yezithixo ze-Vanir seer.
- I-Svartálfaheim, izwe lama-dwarves afihlwe ngaphansi kwamadwala nasemigedeni.
- Helheim, izwe lonkulunkulu abakhohlisayo nababulali.
- Midgard, izwe eliphakathi nendawo, lapho kuhlala khona abantu.
Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi izidalwa ezinkulu nezingaqondakali zihlala kulesi sihlahla, isibonelo icala likadrako, elihlala phansi kanye nokhozi phezulu. Isithunywa phakathi kwemihlaba yomibili i-squirrel Ratatosk.
I-Yggdrasil
Olunye lwezimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu zamaViking yiYggdrasil, eyaziwa ngokuthi isihlahla esikhulu. Yisihlahla esikwaziyo ukubamba imihlaba eyisishiyagalolunye yezinganekwane zamaNorse ndawonye. Njengeqiniso elibalulekile singasho ukuthi izidalwa ezahlukene zihlala kulesi sihlahla. Phansi kwesihlahla kuhlala udrako u-Nidhug, kuyilapho ukhozi luhlala phezulu. Ingwejeje ye-Ratatosk igijima phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili ezeqisayo ephethe imilayezo phakathi kwezidalwa ezimbili.
Kuyafaneleka ukubalula ukuthi isihlahla se-Yggdrasil kukhulunywa ngaso okungenani ezincwadini ezimbili ze-Prose Edda, lapho kwethulwa khona izinganekwane zamaNorse. Incazelo ye-Yggdrasil ingahunyushwa ngokuthi "ihhashi le-Odin". Lesi sihlahla sinezimpande ezintathu eziyinhloko. Omunye wabo ufinyelela e-Asgard, ebhekwa njengezwe lonkulunkulu. Enye impande inqamula izwe lama-giants, i-Jötunheim, kuyilapho eyesithathu ifika e-Nifheim.
Izimpawu zeViking zothando
Njengoba nje impi nokuvikelwa kwakuyizici ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantu baseViking, uthando nalo lwaba nendima ebalulekile esikweni lalezi zizwe. Ngezansi sikubonisa ezinye zezimpawu eziyinhloko nezivelele kakhulu zamaViking ezihlobene nothando.
I-Viking Rune yothando
Kuze kube manje, incazelo yangempela yalolu phawu lwamaViking isalokhu iyimfihlakalo. Nakuba abaningi bethi incazelo yalo ekuqaleni yayiwuthando, zikhona futhi izinguqulo ezisikisela ukuthi iwukusungulwa kweNkathi Entsha. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, okwamanje wethulwa njengomdlalo wothando.
I-rune yothando yamaViking yenziwe umbuthano ohlukaniswe phakathi, wenza imikhawulo emibili. Womabili amaphethelo akhomba ukuhlangana kwabantu ababili, ngomuzwa wothando.
izimpawu zothando runes
Into ecace kakhulu ukuthi ku-Gadrabook kuvela uchungechunge lwama-runes, olusetshenziswa njengezinto zothando. Lawa ma-runes ayevame ukubekwa njengemihlobiso elengayo, nakuba kwezinye izimo abantu babevame ukuwaqopha entweni ethile yothandekayo wabo.
Izimpawu zomndeni wamaViking nezincazelo
Umndeni wawubhekwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu kubantu baseViking. Isidingo sokuba nenzalo enhle ngezinye izikhathi kwaholela ekusebenziseni izimpawu eziningi ukuze abesifazane bakhulelwe. Ingxenye engaqondakali kakhulu yecala ukuthi owesifazane kwadingeka adle ucezu lukashizi ngemva kokudweba uphawu olushiwo kulo.
Inguz: Uphawu lweViking "ukufuna ukukwazi"
Le rune exhunywe kunkulunkulu u-Ing ibhekisela emandleni okukhiqiza omhlaba kanye namandla omuntu okuvusa ukuphila namaphrojekthi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lolu phawu oluvelele lweViking luvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukufuna ukukwazi". Kungabhekwa njengenye yezimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu zamaViking zothando lwaso sonke isikhathi.
Izimpawu zamaViking zenhlanhla
Akuyona imfihlo kunoma ubani ukuthi inhlanhla ibilokhu iyingxenye yesiko lamaViking. Abantu ababeyingxenye yalo mphakathi babevame ukuba nezimpawu eziningi ababeya kuzo uma befuna ukuzitholela izinhlanhla. Yize kunezimpawu eziningi zenhlanhla yamaViking, zimbili ikakhulukazi ezigqamayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi iTyrlogsofur kanye neKaupaloki.
I-Tyrlogsofur
Kukhona ulwazi lokuba khona kwezimpawu eziningi zeViking zaseSweden ezazisetshenziswa kwezinye izikhathi ukuze abantu benze kahle ezivivinyweni. Enye yalezi zimpawu kwakuyiTyrlogsofur. Yakhiwa ama-runes e-TYR ahlangene phansi, okuholela ku-Y ohlanekezelwe.
I-Kaupaloki
Enye yezimpawu ezaziwa kakhulu neziyaziwa kakhulu zamaViking zenhlanhla kwakuyiKaupaloki. Ezikhathini eziningi bekuwuphawu oluhlobene ngqo nezwe lebhizinisi nezezimali, okungukuthi, abantu babelisebenzisa ukuze amabhizinisi abo enze kahle. Lolu phawu luphinde lwavimbela umkhonyovu.
AmaTattoos we-Norse Viking Symbol
Njengoba kade sibalula kuze kube manje, abantu baseViking babenochungechunge lwezimpawu nezici ezibamele ngendlela ekhetheke kakhulu. Ku-Galdabook, ama-tattoos we-Viking symbology avame ukukhulunywa ngawo. Ngezansi sikubonisa ezinye ezibaluleke kakhulu nezivelele.
Umlando usifundisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-tattoos kwakubhekwa njengenye yemikhuba ebaluleke kakhulu yabantu basePacific, ababevame ukumaka imizimba yabo ngezimpawu nezibalo ezahlukene. Lo mkhuba ofanayo waqala ukusetshenziswa ezinye izizwe, isibonelo amaNordic, awenza adume ngaleso sikhathi.
Zazidwetshwe kuphi izimpawu zezigqizo zamaViking?
Ama-tattoos enziwa amaViking angabonakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba ngokwalokho isiko elikushoyo. Kukholakala ukuthi izicukuthwane namaqhawe ayejwayele ukumaka izingxenye ezihlukene zomzimba ngezimpawu ezitholakala eziphahleni zamaViking. Lawa ma-tattoos agcwalisa inhloso futhi okwakuwukuvikela nokuthola umusa othile ebunkulunkulwini.
Into eyodwa ebalulekile ukuqaphela ukubekwa kwama-Viking tattoos kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Abanumzane cishe njalo babekhetha ukwenza ama-tattoos ezindaweni zomzimba ezifana nekhanda noma ubuso, kanye nezingalo. Ama-tattoo amaNorse ezimpawu zamaViking enziwa lapho. Ngokwengxenye yabo, abesifazane babencamela ukubhala ama-tattoo ezihlakaleni nasezindaweni zamahlombe.
Namuhla kungenzeka ukuthola eziningi zalezi zimpawu eziqoshwe ezintweni zomuntu siqu njengesikhwama semali somuntu. Ezimweni eziningi, abantu bancamela ukudweba izimpawu eziningi zeViking esizichazile kuze kube manje, ikakhulukazi izimpawu ze-runic, izimpawu eziyiqiniso zemilingo zesiko lamaViking.
ama-tattoos ama-viking owathandayo
Njengamanje, ngemva kokuvela kabusha kwesithakazelo kuma-runes, abalandeli besiko lamaViking aseNorse, bazama ukuthola ama-tattoos abo eminye imidwebo yama-Viking yobuqaba nezimpawu ezithathwe emlandweni kanye nezinganekwane, lapho onkulunkulu namaValkyries bengantuli. Kunezibalo ezithile ezingaphumi esitayeleni, isibonelo uphiko lwegwababa, oluvunguzayo noma oluphambanayo.
Uma kucatshangelwa ukusondelana kwamasiko kwamadolobha amabili abazalwane, lezi zimpawu zasendulo zamaViking zihlanganiswe nezimpawu zeCeltic, njenge-triquetra. Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, izincazelo ezinikezwa izimpawu ku-tattoo namuhla azinayo incazelo yokuqala. Ubuhle kanye nokuzithoba kunqoba ukuqina. Ngaleso sizathu, ama-tattoos amaningi awuphawu lothando noma ubungane.
AmaViking ayengewona amaNazi
Ngaphambi kokuba siphethe lesi sihloko esithakazelisayo nesiphelele, sicabange ukuthi kudingekile ukucacisa iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu nokuthi amaViking ayengewona amaNazi, njengoba abaningi bekholelwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwenkulumo-ze okwenziwe amaNazi ngezimpawu zamaViking aseNordic akusho ukuthi abantu baseScandinavia bazisebenzisa ngezinjongo ezifanayo zenkulumo-ze yamaNazi.
Izimpawu eziningi ezisetshenziswa amaNazi, isibonelo i-swastika noma i-swastika, zihambisana nezimpawu ezitholakele, ngaphezu kwesiko lamaNordic, kwezinye izindawo ezifana neChina, i-India noma i-Tibet, njengophawu oluhle kakhulu.
Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo ezihlokweni ezilandelayo: