Ingenye yezinhlamvu zamagama ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni, esetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengendlela yokukhuluma ngabantu baseNordic, kanye nendlela yokubikezela yokuthatha izinqumo noma isiqondiso ekuthuthukisweni kwempilo; injalo indlela Ukugijima kweViking Baye bakwazi ukuthatha ukubaluleka okukhulu futhi kulesi sihloko uzofunda ngabo.
Ayini ama-Viking runes?
Ama-Viking runes ayizimpawu ezazisetshenziswa yizimpucuko zasendulo zaseNordic, ukuze ngandlela-thile zishiye irekhodi lomlando wazo zonke izenzo zabo kanye nokuxhashazwa phakathi nomlando wabo; Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa njengendlela yokuxhumana, ziye zasetshenziswa futhi njenge-oracle ebikezela noma isiqondiso sekusasa, futhi njengendlela yokubamba amandla namandla.
Lezi zifanekiselo zaziqoshwe etsheni, ubumba, noma eziqoshweni zokhuni, futhi eminyakeni edlule ziye zasetshenziswa abantu ngenjongo yokuba umqondisi noma ikhampasi lapho benza izinqumo ezinzima. Kukholakala ukuthi ama-runes ama-Viking kuye kwaboniswana ngawo njenge-oracle kusukela ezikhathini zeNkathi Ye-Bronze; nokho, ezinye izazi-mlando ziyalokotha zithi kungenzeka sezisetshenziswe izinkulungwane zeminyaka.
Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi ngokuvamile sikholelwa ukuthi i-rune iyitshe noma ucezu lokhuni olunophawu; Nokho, ingqikithi ye-rune ngokwayo iwuphawu oluqoshwe kuyo.
ama-runic alfabhethi
Ama-runic epitaphs okuqala anemvelaphi yawo cishe ngo-150 AD Khona-ke, cishe ngo-700 AD izimpawu zathathelwa indawo yizinhlamvu zesiLatini, njengoba impucuko eyayisebenzisa ama-runes amaViking yenziwa yobuKristu ezindaweni ezimaphakathi neYurophu futhi kakade cishe ngo-1100 d. C. enyakatho yale ndawo. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwalezi kwahlala ezindaweni zasemaphandleni zaseJalimane ezazingahambelani nempucuko yamaRoma nezinkolelo zayo.
Ama-runes amaViking nawo ayingxenye yeqoqo elidala kakhulu lemibhalo emhlabeni, lezi ziye zahlanganiswa ngohlobo lwe "alfabhethi", kodwa kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izakhi ezizihlanganisayo zingaphezu kwezinhlamvu ezilula; ngalunye lwalezi zimpawu luzigcina lunencazelo enkulu.
Kunezinhlamvu zezinhlamvu eziningana zeNordic emhlabeni, eziye zavela ngokunamathela kwezinhlamvu eziyisisekelo emiphakathini ehlukahlukene yasendulo yaseYurophu yasendulo; ama-alfabhethi amakhulu yilawa:
Izinhlamvu zamagama zasendulo "Futhark"
Lona izinhlamvu zamagama zangempela ezakhiwe ngezimpawu ezingamashumi amabili nane, nazo zihlukaniswe zaba ezintathu «Aetir» (isethi) ezinezimpawu eziyisishiyagalombili ngayinye. Lokhu ngokuhamba kweminyaka, kwavela kwadala amanye ama-alfabhethi.
Izinhlamvu ze-Anglo-Saxon "Futhorc"
Lokhu ukuvela kwezinhlamvu zakudala ze-"Futhark". Icaciswe kahle njenge-«Futhark», kodwa ngokuphambene nayo, kwenezelwa uphawu olulodwa, okwenza lezi zinhlamvu zamagama.
Izinhlamvu ze-Scandinavian "Futhark"
Le alfabhethi inezimpawu eziyishumi nesithupha sezizonke, zihlelwe kanje: «i-ateir» yezimpawu eziyisithupha kanye nezimpawu ezimbili kweziyisihlanu ngayinye.
Uphawu ngalunye olwakha i-runic alfabhethi lunencazelo elenza luhluke futhi lukhethekile. Izimpawu ziphathelene ikakhulukazi nothando, amandla kanye nenhlanhla; kanti ezinye ziholela ekugcineni umkhaya undawonye, izici zawo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngophawu futhi zihlotshaniswa nesici esibalulekile sokuphila komuntu.
Umsuka wamaViking runes
Njengamanje, umsuka we-runes awukacaciswanga, noma kunjalo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuqagela mayelana nemvelaphi yama-Viking runes, eyodwa ingokomlando futhi enye inganekwane (ehlobene nenganekwane kankulunkulu u-Odin), kokubili kuyintandokazi. imininingwane ngezansi:
imvelaphi yomlando
Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni oluningi ngaleli siko, abanye abacwaningi baye baphakamisa ukuthi i-Old Futhark isuselwa ku-alfabhethi yesiLatini noma yesiRoma. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeka ngokuxhumana kwasekuqaleni kwamaNorse nabantu baseJalimane, okwaholela laba bamuva ukuba bazenzele ezabo izinhlamvu. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi lezi zinhlamvu zaqalwa ngokusekelwe kuzinhlamvu zesiLatini, ngokuvumelana nokufana okubonakala kuma-runes angu-24, lapho kukhona izinhlamvu ezicishe zifane nezinhlamvu zesiLatini: r, i, bo t, phakathi kwabanye.
Umsuka mithology
Ngokusho kokulandisa kwasendulo kwempucuko yaseNordic kuze kube manje, kubhekiselwa kukho ukuthi ama-Viking runes avela kunkulunkulu u-Odin, futhi kufana nezenzakalo zenganekwane yakhe ukuthi indalo yakhe yadalwa, futhi lokhu kuqala njenge lokhu:
U-Odin unkulunkulu wonkulunkulu, owabonwa embusweni wakhe e-Asgard imihlaba engu-9, wayekwazi ukubona yonke into nawo wonke umuntu; kodwa kukhona okwakushoda: ukubona ngeso lengqondo ikusasa. Wayefuna ukuba nazo zonke izindleko, wonke amandla okuhlakanipha nolwazi, futhi lokhu kungamkhathazi; Lesi yisizathu esenza ukuthi ngolunye usuku anqume ukwehlela phansi kwe-Yggdrasil, ukuze avakashele ama-Norns ayesezimpandeni zakhe.
Ama-norns (i-Verdandi, i-Urd ne-Skuld), ayenomthwalo wemfanelo wethuluzi lendwangu yokuphila nesiphetho, ayeqaphela ikusasa labo bonke onkulunkulu nabo bonke abantu abahlala emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, u-Odin waya kubo ukuze abacele ukuba bamnike isipho sokubona ikusasa; kodwa benqaba futhi bamtshela ukuthi uma kuyilokho ayekufuna, kufanele aye kumdondoshiya uMimir, umvikeli womthombo wokuhlakanipha, futhi abe ohlakaniphe kunabo bonke emhlabeni 9.
Nokho bamxwayise ngokuthi aqikelele lokho akufisayo, njengoba izifiso uma zinikezwa ngokuvamile akuzona zonke izinto ezisuke zilindelwe. Ngaphambi nje kokufika kwakhe, u-Odin wathatha isimo se-hermit ekhathele ehlakaniphe kakhulu, akazange akhohliswe futhi watshela u-Odin ukuthi noma ubani ophuza emthonjeni wakhe kufanele akhokhe inani eliphakeme kakhulu, iso lakhe lesokunxele.
Yile ndlela u-Odin alahlekelwa ngayo iso angazange akwazi ukululama, ngokwamukela isivumelwano sikaMimir; owayevele athathe iso lakhe aliphonse ekujuleni komthombo, lapho inganekwane ithi lisasekhona. Ngokulandelana. U-Odin wakwazi ukuphuza amanzi aphuma emthonjeni, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho amanzi ethinta izindebe zakhe, wabona ngeso lengqondo lonke ishwa nokwesabeka okwakuzodingeka ukuba abantu nonkulunkulu bakubekezelele; ukuphela komhlaba kanye nesiphetho sakhe.
Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, u-Odin wanquma ukubuyela e-Asgard. Kodwa lapho eqhubeka nendlela ebuyela ekhaya, kulapho edumala nakakhulu ngolwazi ayeluzuzile, lapho ezindla wabona ukuthi ukuze athole umfundaze nokuhlakanipha kwakudingeka azidele, futhi uma efuna ukuthola konke ukuhlakanipha. , kwakuyodingeka kwenziwe umhlatshelo
Ngale ndlela, u-Odin wanquma ukuzidela; waqala wazigwaza ngomkhonto wakhe, futhi ekugcineni wazilengisa ebheke phansi esihlahleni esikhulu se-Yggdrasil, kanjalo wahlala izinsuku eziyi-9 nobusuku obuyisi-9. Ngalesi sikhathi, wakwenza ngokugcwele ukuzila ukudla; okuwukuphela kwento ayengayenza kwakuwukuzazi futhi kakade esezobhekana nosizi, ebuka ingaphakathi lakhe, u-Odin wathola ama-runes. Ngesikhathi kwenzeka lokhu wadazuluka ngamandla wawabamba wawa phansi. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane, ama-runes ayizinkondlo nemilingo eyenza u-Odin ahlakaniphe kunawo wonke emhlabeni we-9.
Ekuphetheni, imvelaphi yangempela ye-runes ye-Viking ayikaziwa ngokugcwele, okuqinisekiswa ukuthi ama-runes asetshenziswe okungenani iminyaka engu-1800, ngoba singabona eqoshwe ezintweni eziningi zasendulo. Phakathi kwezibonelo zemifanekiso enjalo esashiyelwa yona yilezi mpucuko zamaNorse yayiqoshwe emasongweni, izinkemba zamaqhawe ezibalulekile, izinhlamvu zemali, ngisho nasemadwaleni ayedlulisela imiyalezo elula.
Izici ze-runes
Ngokuvamile, lezi zingabonakala ziqoshiwe noma ziqoshwe ezindaweni eziqinile neziqinile. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokucaciswa nokuklama kwayo ngamatshe nokhuni. Kodwa-ke, ukulondolozwa nokugcinwa kwezinkuni akuzinzile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uma kungavikelwe ezimweni ezifanele. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinto eziqoshwe ngalolu hlobo lwezinto ziye zanyamalala. Ukwengeza, lezi zazivame ukugcinwa esikhwameni sendwangu esasibuye sibe umata wokufunda nokuhumusha ama-runes.
Ayesetshenziselwani ama-runes?
Njengamanje, lezi zimpawu zisetshenziselwa izinhloso ze-esoteric nezothando, futhi ziqoshiwe noma ziqoshwe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezifana nokhuni, itshe noma i-epoxy resin. Ngezinye izikhathi indlela yokubhula nge-rune iqhathaniswa nokubhula ngezinkanyezi noma i-tarot futhi ibhekana nezinkinga ngendlela ehlukile.
Igama le-rune lisuselwa ku-rune yezimpande (i-Gothic rune), okusho ukuthi "imfihlo" noma "hleba". Impande ingatholakala futhi ezilimini zaseBaltic okusho ukuthi "ulimi". NgesiLithuanian, i-Ruoti inezincazelo ezimbili: "ukusika (ngommese)" noma "ukukhuluma".
Kutholwe ama-runic epigram wezinto abonisa igama lomdwebi noma umnikazi wendawo, kanye nezindida zolimi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka ukuthi ama-runes okuqala asetshenziswe kancane njengendlela yokubhala elula futhi njengezimpawu zemilingo zeziphonso zokuzivikela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwatholakala ama-runes aqoshwe emathuneni amadoda nabesifazane aqashelwa kulezi zikhathi, akhuluma ngezenzakalo ezibalulekile ababehileleke kuzo ngaphambi kokufa kwabo.
I-enigmatic 25 Viking noma i-Nordic runes
Nakuba uhlelo lolimi lwesiNorse lugcwele ukubhekisela kuma-Viking runes, alunazo izinkomba eziqondile zokusebenzisa kwabo okulungile. Ama-runes amaViking ngokusobala angezinye zezinhlamvu zamagama ezinhle kakhulu nezindala kakhulu emhlabeni. Futhi ekuchazeni kwayo, kunezimiso ezintathu kuphela zokubikezela ezinemininingwane engacacile engase ibhekisele ekusetshenzisweni kwama-runes njenge-oracle yamaViking:
Tacitus eJalimane
Ichaza "izinhlamvu" ezihlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu futhi zihlukaniswe "inadi", nakuba ama-runes angabonakali asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokubhala kukaTacitus; yena nokho uyazichaza yingakho zaziwa.
Ynglinga Saga
Isisekelo sesibili sivela kulo mbhalo, lapho echaza khona ukuthi uGranmar, inkosi yaseSödermanland, eya e-Uppsala ngeBlót. Kuthiwa kule ndawo bajikijela izicucu ezinama-rune “asala ngendlela yokuthi abikezele ukuthi le nkosi ngeke iphile isikhathi eside”.
I-Vita Ansgari kaRimbert
Kuvela kulo mbhalo wokuphila komuntu, lapho kuveza khona emibhalweni emithathu lokho abanye abakubheka njenge-runes, kodwa uRimbert ukubiza ngokuthi "inkatho yokwenza". Enye yale mibhalo iyincazelo yokuthi inkosi yaseSweden eyisihlubuki, u-Anund Uppsala, yaqala kanjani ukuletha imikhumbi yaseDenmark eBirka, kodwa yashintsha umqondo wayo futhi yacela amaDanes ukuthi "ayigcwalise ngenkatho." Ngokomlando, lesi "sixhumanisi" sasizichaza kahle, sibatshela ukuthi ukuhlasela kuka-Birka kuzobalethela amashwa nokuthi kufanele bahlasele idolobha lamaSlavic.
«Ukuntuleka kokuqonda okujulile kokusetshenziswa komlando we-runes akuzange kuvimbele abalobi besikhathi samanje ukuthi bakhiqize idatha eqondile ohlelweni lokubikezela lapho kunezinkomba ezimbalwa eziqondile, ngokuvamile ngokusekelwe kumiklamo eguquliwe yama-runes kanye nencazelo yabo yangaphandle eyengeziwe.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lwemilingo ye-runic luphakamise ukuthi ama-runes asetshenziswa ukwenza izinto zemilingo njengezigqizo” - MacLeod & Mees, 2006.
Ngamafuphi, amaViking asebenzisa ama-runes ukuze athole amandla anamandla futhi abonise, ukuphulukisa abalimele ngokushesha futhi axoshe izifo nabaphikisi, kanye nokuba yi-oracle yezibikezelo namabika.
Izincwadi ze-Viking Rune
Izincwadi esizokubonisa zona ngokulandelayo, ziqukethe ulwazi oluningi mayelana nama-runes nokusetshenziswa kwawo njengendlela yokubikezela, lezi yizi:
Incwadi kaRunes. Incwadi Yokusetshenziswa Kwe-Oracle Yasendulo: I-Viking Runes - Ukuphawula kukaRalph Blum
Le ncwadi ingeyakudala yesimanje futhi iyincwadi ethengiswa kakhulu ngale ndaba, iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-35. Isazi sesayensi yezamasiko u-Ralph H. Blum's Book of Runes ingumqulu odume kakhulu wokufunda ukuthi ungathintana kanjani nalezi zinhlamvu zamagama zamaViking ukuze uthole iseluleko somuntu siqu.
Esebenzisa isiko elithatha iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili, umbhali wethula incazelo yamanje yenguqulo ye-Rune yamaqhawe angokomoya kanye nabantu abafuna ukuhlakanipha nesiqondiso sokwenza izinguquko ezinhle ezimpilweni zabo futhi ngaleyo ndlela bakhe ikusasa elingcono. Leli bhuku ngokuvamile linikezwa njengesipho esinesethi yama-runes angu-25.
I-Runes. Isifundo Somuntu Siqu - uHermes Saucedo
Lo mbhalo unikeza isifinyezo socwaningo nokuhumusha kombhali, kanye nezincazelo eziyinhloko nezici ze-runes, ngokusekelwe ekwethulweni kwazo okungavamile, amasu ohlelo lolimi, kanye nesifaniso sawo samasiko ngaphakathi kwe-Old Germanic.
Incwadi kaRunes - uKarl Hans Welz
Le ncwadi iqukethe ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nama-runes. Ikufundisa incazelo yomfanekiso we-rune kanye nama-runes angawodwana, kanye nokubukezwa kokusetshenziswa kwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isebenza njengesiqondiso uma kwenzeka ufuna ukufaka isicelo sokuba i-rune master futhi uqale ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele le nqubo yasendulo, usebenzisa amandla ayo angokwengqondo nangokomoya.
Umlingo We-Runes. Ithiyori nokuzilolonga - uJean-Paul Ronecker
Ama-runes yizinhlamvu zasendulo u-Odin azinika abantu baseNyakatho Yurophu. Futhi ziyithuluzi lemilingo amaViking alisebenzisa njenge-oracle ukuze abone ikusasa futhi aqondise amandla afihliwe. Ngemuva kwalezi zibonakaliso kunencazelo ehlanganisa izakhi zemvelo nezenganekwane: igagasi, ulwandle lwakudala, isando sikaThor, isigaba sesigaba phakathi kwezulu nomhlaba.
Ama-runes aphinde aveze izimiso amaViking okwakudingeka azilandele ukuze athole ulwazi futhi akwazi ukulisebenzisa. Ngayinye yazo imele isigaba ohambweni lwakho lokuqala. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukwenza okubi ngayo, okungase kuphenduke nakanjani kulabo abakucelayo.
Kule ncwadi, i-Ronecker ithatha umfundi idlule kumanani ahlukahlukene alezi zimpawu ezikude futhi ezisikiselayo, ibonise amandla azo, futhi ifundise inhlanganisela yalezi zimpawu, kanye nama-cryptograms okufanele aqoshwe noma apendwe ukuze kunqunywe ikusasa.
I-Runes kanye Nomzila Wokuqala - uJuan Ricardo Céspedes
Inhloso yale ncwadi ukubheka ukufundwa nokusebenza kwezimpawu zemilingo, ngokombono we-Gnostic kanye nowokuqala. Lokhu kudinga ikakhulukazi ukuqonda komuntu onekhwalithi ye-Kshatriya, isangoma esiyiqhawe esiqalisiwe, esibuswa amanani anjengokungesabi nokwethembeka phakathi kwesizathu noguquko oluhlala lujabulisa.
Le ncwadi isondela kulwazi lwe-runic kanye nokwenza ngendlela yesayensi esoteric, ekhiqiza kancane kancane uguquko lwangaphakathi nolwedlulele, olufana ne-alchemy ne-Shivaite Tantrism. Ngakho-ke, kuzoba okuvamile ukuthola izinkomba nezifaniso zombuso we-runic, kumatemu nezimpawu ezijwayelekile zezinye izinqubo zokuthwasa.
Incwadi Enkulu yamaRunes - uFabiana Daversa
Le ncwadi iyintokozo kunoma ngubani ofuna ukuhamba endleleni yokuzazi. Isintu sizibekela inselelo ngesipho soguquko oluqhubekayo; Ukunemba nokwesaba ikusasa kuwumthombo wokwesaba nokukhathazeka, futhi abaningi bakhetha uhlobo oluthile lokuhlola komuntu siqu ukuze bathuthukise ukuphila kwabo. Izithunywa ezivela kudala, amazwi afinyelela emuva ngesikhathi, ama-runes aletha izimfundiso zasendulo kuze kube namuhla.
Lokhu kuhlakanipha kwasendulo kungaba ikhampasi yakho endleleni yolwazi. Ama-runes, akha ubuciko bokubikezela futhi ahluke phakathi kwezinqubo ze-esoteric, avumela ukuzwela komhumushi ukuthi kuxhunywe nomlando womuntu ocela ukutolikwa. Zikhanga kakhulu ngenxa yezimpawu zazo, umlando wazo futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngenxa yezimfumbe eziqukethwe yilezi zinhlamvu zasendulo.
Izincazelo zamaViking runes
Kunezibonelo ezithile zama-runes aboniswa amakhosi, izikhulu nabameleli babantu ukuze benze izinqumo ababezibheka njengezibaluleke kakhulu, kudala ngaphambi kwenkathi yobuKristu. Kwezinye izikhathi ayesetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izithombe zonkulunkulu bawo, noma njengokuqinisa amathuluzi angokwesiko ukuze alindele imiphumela yezimpi ezaziyoba khona. Abefundisi noma izangoma bazisebenzisile ukuze benze ama-talisman noma izintelezi.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lapho kufika ukuQulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki eNkathini Ephakathi, ayenqatshelwe futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwakufanelekela njengemikhosi yobuqaba nokuhlambalaza iSonto.
Njengoba sesishilo kakade, ama-runes asetshenziswa kuma-oracle yilawo alfabhethi yokuqala yesiNorse, iFuthark endala, enezinhlamvu ezingu-24; lezi futhi zihlanganisa 16 runes of the Scandinavian Futhark. Ngezansi sichaza incazelo yento ngayinye:
Fehu rune
Imele ingcebo, izinto ezibonakalayo, ukuzala, ukuba ngumama nokwethembeka. Nokho, ukuba nesici esibi kusho ukuthi umphefumulo ubuthakathaka, umnene futhi uyazithoba, okuholela ekuxhashazweni kwawo labo abanalezi zimfanelo noma abakhohliseka kalula.
Rune Uruz
Lokhu kusiholela ekuqaleni kwesiteji esisha esihlukile kunalesi samanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphawula umjikelezo omusha wempilo njengoshintsho oludingekayo lomuntu siqu njengoba ngezinye izikhathi sivame ukwenqaba ushintsho. Kodwa-ke, lesi sigaba esisha sizosiphoqa ukuthi sizisungule kabusha futhi siphile kangcono kunangaphambili.
Rune Thurisaz
Imele ukugula okungokomzimba okuhambisana nokukhula kwengane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, libhekisela ezifweni ezingokwengqondo ezenzeka lapho umuntu esemdala. Iphuzu layo langempela okubhekiselwa kulo, nokho, ukuhlukana phakathi kokuhle nokubi, noma ngokuqondile phakathi kokuphila nokufa, okusho ukuvuselelwa.
Rune Ansuz
Leli rune lisho "umlomo" noma "ukuhlakanipha" noma nje igama elikhulunywayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, luhlanganisa ulwazi nokusabalalisa imiyalezo; Ngaphezu kwalokho, konke okuhlobene negama kubangelwa yilokhu, kusukela ekuqeqeshweni kuya ekubhaleni nasekufundeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho kuvela ekufundweni, obonisana naye uzocelwa ukuba avuselele, aguqule noma avule izindlela ezintsha.
Ukuhlasela i-Rune
Kuyindlela yohambo, izinguquko ezizayo noma zonke izinhlobo zezigaba zoshintsho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lifanekisela impi kanye nokuhlolwa kwendlela eqhubekayo yalowo nalowo. Futhi, idrayivu yangaphakathi ekhona esigabeni sokuvuthwa kusukela ekuthombeni kuya ekubeni umuntu omdala. Ngamafuphi, i-rune ihlobene eduze nezinqubo zokushintsha nokuguqulwa.
Kano Rune
Kuhlobene nolwazi nokucabanga. Ngakho-ke, lifanekisela ilangabi noma ukukhanya okuqeda ukungabi nalutho noma ukuntuleka kwemibono futhi kuletha ukuhlakanipha. Futhi, ukuletha izikhombisi-ndlela ezintsha futhi kube ukuqondiswa okuncane kokuvuselela, ukubuyisela kanye nokuqonda phakathi kwabantu ababili. Kodwa-ke, i-rune ehlanekezelwe ibonisa ukulahlekelwa ubuhlobo nokuqonda phakathi kwabantu noma ukubonakala kwemizwa emnyama.
IGebo Rune
Iwukuxhumana noma indawo yokuhlangana yezingxenye ezimbili. Umumo wayo ongu-X wakha iphoyinti lejometri, lapho kuhlangana khona izingxenyana ezimbili zemigqa eqondile noma izindlela zomsuka ohlukile. Eqinisweni, ukubonakala kwalesi rune kudala imifelandawonye, amaqembu, izinkontileka noma izinyunyana zothando. Ngakho-ke, i-rune yomlingiswa evumayo ekhombisa ukufika kwezikhathi zokuphumelela nokuchichima.
i-rune rune
Kungukunqoba, ukunqoba kanye nenkazimulo; Ngamanye amazwi, ingachazwa njengempumelelo ezuzwe ngemva kokunqoba izinselele ezinzima, izikhathi noma ubunzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuthuthukiswa komuntu siqu kanye nokufezeka kwamaphupho ngemva kwesikhathi sokukhula kwangaphakathi kuze kufike phezulu. Nokho, ukuzuza leli zinga lokwaneliseka kusho ukuhamba indlela enzima ngokuthatha izinyathelo eziyingozi.
Hagalaz Rune
Lezi yizigigaba ezingazange zenzeke futhi ezingaba yingozi ngandlela thize. Ngakho-ke, kuhlotshaniswa nesiphepho esicekela phansi amaqoqo nezihlahla, kubhekiselwa ezikhathini ezinzima nezikhathi zokuswela. Okusho ukuthi, ekubonisaneni kwe-runic, ibika ukufika kokukhubazeka okubonakalayo noma okungokomoya, ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ngokunikezwa kabusha okuhleliwe.
Nauthiz Rune
Ibonisa ukuntula noma isimo esiyingozi; Okusho ukuthi, uma livela embuzweni we-runic, ligcizelela ukuthi isithunzi sivela empilweni yakho. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuzihlaziya ukuze ubone futhi wamukele ubuthakathaka bakho ukuze uqinise lapho ubhekene nalezi zinkathazo ezikhona. Ngokuvamile, le rune ihlotshaniswa nokukhashelwa, ukucindezelwa, ukuhlupheka, nokuhlubuka.
Isa Rune
Kuhlotshaniswa nokupaka endaweni ethile, ukuze ungabi sengozini nganoma yini okwamanje. Sesikushilo lokho, kukukhuthaza ukuthi uthathe isikhathi sokuphumula emigomweni yakho ukuze udale isikhathi sokuthi imicimbi yenzeke ngokukhululeka. Ngakho-ke njengoba lokhu kuyi-rune yeqhwa futhi kukuxwayisa ukuthi "ungahambi" kuleli phuzu, futhi ulinde ikhava njengesivunguvungu seqhwa nesithwathwa.
Jera Rune
Ihlanganisa konke ukudla okusilethela kona, ikakhulukazi isivuno esigcinwa ngemva konyaka wokuqina nokumelana. Le rune ayihlobene nesivinini, kodwa idinga isikhathi ukuze izinkathi zicije ngokugcwele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uJera usitshela ukuthi umsebenzi usuphelile, futhi kufanele sibekezele manje ukuze sithole imiphumela.
Rune Eihwaz
Kuwukuqina, ukuvuthwa, umzamo kanye nokubekezela. Sekuhlangene, kuveza izinga lokunqoba ekuhlonipheni ukubekezela nokuthatha izinqumo ngokuqiniseka; okusho ukuthi, kufana nokuqhubeka nokuvuthwa, ukuqaphela okwenzekile ekuphileni kwethu nokubona izikhathi ezizayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekubonisaneni imemezela isisindo sokuhlaselwa okungenzeka nokunqotshwa.
I-Perth Rune
Ihumusha ukuqala kwento ehlukile empilweni yakho noma ukuqala kwesu, okungafezwa ngesifiso esifiselekayo noma ngokumangala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubuye kube ukutholakala kwezinto ezilahlekile, ukufika kwemiyalezo engalindelekile, ukubonakaliswa kwezimanga ezijabulisayo noma ukuvuma uthando. Ekuphetheni, i-rune ilindele imfihlo ezodalulwa maduze.
Rune Algiz
Kufaka phakathi umoya wokuvikela nokugcina amanani aqondile eduze nawangempela namsulwa. Ngakho-ke, imayelana nokuvikela impilo ngazo zonke izinhlobo zayo, ikakhulukazi kukho konke okuthinta imvelo nendawo ezungezile. Futhi, i-rune ihlobene nokuvikelwa kobungani, ingcebo, impumelelo, impilo kanye nomndeni.
Sowetlu Rune
Lisitshela ukuthi konke sekumi ngomumo ukuze kuthathwe izinqumo ukuze ekugcineni senze imisebenzi ebesisalindile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuba nesibindi, usebenzise wonke amandla akho futhi uqale ukwenza ngosuku olufanayo uma kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyakukhuthaza futhi kukuholele ekwamukeleni obulokhu ukuphika futhi ungene enkathini entsha yokuguquka kwengqondo.
Rune Teiwaz
Kulingana nesibindi, ukukhuthazwa, ukubekezela kanye nokulingana. Ukwengeza, uma ivela ekubonisaneni, imemezela izikhathi ezizayo ezigcwele ukunqoba noma ukunqoba ngenxa yomzamo oqhubekayo wokusebenza okuqhubekayo nokufanele. Ngakho-ke, lesi sibalo siwuphawu lomkhonto wamandla, isibindi nempumelelo.
I-Berkana Rune
Kuhlobene nokukhulelwa nokuzalwa komntwana, noma izimo zemizwa ezifana nobungane noma ubudlelwano bothando. Ngamanye amazwi, kuxhumene nokuba ngumama, indawo yomndeni, ukuvikelwa kwekhaya kanye nokuqala kobungani noma ubudlelwano obujulile bezothando.
Rune Ehwaz
Kuxhunyaniswa nokuguqulwa komzimba noma kwengqondo, okusenza siye ezindaweni noma emathubeni ahlukene. Ngezinye izikhathi kubhekwa njenge-rune yokusa okusha, lapho amathuba amahle akulindele khona. Ngokulandelayo, imele izinguquko nezinguquko zazo zonke izinhlobo, njengokuqeda noma ukuthuthukiswa kwesimo sengqondo, ubudlelwano obusha noma ukuchazwa kabusha kwebhizinisi.
Rune Mannaz
Kuhlotshaniswa nokuthobeka nobuhlakani esenzweni. Ngamanye amazwi, i-rune ikucela ukuthi uqhubeke ngokucabangela ngaphandle kokulindela noma yini ngokubuyisela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lisitshela ukuthi kufanele libe isimilo lapho okulindelweyo kanye nobuze kungaseyona ingxenye yezimiso zayo eziyisisekelo.
Rune Laguz
Kuxhunyaniswe nezwe lokungazi lutho, lokuzwisisa kanye nemizwa efihliwe ngaphakathi kwethu; Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwakalisa ukuzonda kwethu okungakahlolisiswa kanye nokusalela esibhekana nakho konke okungakhuthazi ukuzethemba. Nokho, kusikhuthaza ukuba sisebenze ngaphakathi kwethu, ukuze sithuthukise izici ezijulile nezingokomoya.
Rune Inguz
Le rune ikhombisa ukuthi ungena enkathini yokudala, injabulo kanye nenhlalakahle ubheke esigabeni esisha empilweni yakho. Ngamanye amazwi, iphakamisa indlela yokuphuma esiteji esivimbekile ebheke endleleni entsha yezamabhizinisi nokuvuleleka komphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ukubonakala kwalokhu ekubonisaneni kuqinisekisa ukuthi unesisusa namandla okwenza iphrojekthi entsha noma ukuxazulula inkinga kusukela esikhathini esidlule.
Rune Dagaz
Le rune ibonakala ngokuveza, i-frank kanye nemfundo. Kuhlobene nokukhanya kwemini noma ukukhanya kwelanga, okuphuma ngokwemvelo nangokufudumele. Ngokuvamile, kuxhunyaniswa nezinqubo zokuguqulwa noma ukuziphendukela kwemvelo lapho inkathi ehlukile yokuphila iqala, egcwele ukuchuma kanye nempumelelo.
Rune Othila
Kuxhunyaniswe nomjikelezo wempilo yomuntu, kumagugu nezifiso zayo eziqondile kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, inhlalakahle, umndeni, indawo yendabuko, amadlozi kanye nesimo esihle emphakathini kuyagqama ekumeleleni kwabo. Nokho, alikhulumi nje ngokuchuma ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa futhi libhekisela enhlalakahleni engokwengqondo nengokwengqondo; ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumela amagugu aphathekayo nangaphatheki.
rune kwe Odin
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-rune emhlophe, imele yonke into engenakucatshangwa futhi engahloliwe ngathi. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lapho wenza umbuzo we-rune, lokhu kufanele kuthathwe njengesikhungo sokufunda, njengoba sibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke.
I-Viking Rune yothando
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uthando seluphenduke umqondo omuhle njengoba uthando lwezothando luye lwavela. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ekuqaleni kwakungekho ukusabalala okubhekisela othandweni phakathi kwabantu ababili. Kodwa-ke, ama-runes amabili axhunyaniswe nombono wothando lomndeni nothando olujulile, yilawa:
- Rune Algiz, exhunywe nendawo yokukhosela yomndeni nemvelo.
- I-Berkana Rune, exhumanisa nokuzalanisa nokuxhumana, kungaba ubungane noma uthando.
Kukholakala ukuthi ukuxhumana nokuhlanganiswa kwalezi runes kungamela uthando; ukufundwa kwalawa ma-runes amabili ndawonye kukholakala ukuthi kwavela esikhathini samanje, njengoba le ncazelo ayizange ikhulunywe noma inakwe kuzinhlamvu zangempela. I-rune yothando imelelwa njenge-trident enendilinga phezulu. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kuwuhlelo lokuhlelwa kwezitho zangasese zabesilisa nabesifazane.
Ama-run angu-34 eCeltic ahehayo
AmaCelt ayeyizakhamuzi ezazibusa ngokuphelele enyakatho yeNgilandi, lokhu kwakukhona ngokuvumelana nemvelo ngoba ayeyihlonipha kakhulu; njengengxenye yezinkolelo zabo ezingokwenkolo, babenenkolo yobunkulunkulu abaningi neyokulingana. Babevame ukusebenzisa izangoma nezindlela zokubhula ukuze babikezele ikusasa futhi babasize ezimpini zabo.
Namuhla sinama-runes ayebuye abe yizinhlamvu zawo, futhi ayengasetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-epigraphs kuphela kodwa futhi nengxenye yemilingo. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ama-runes eCeltic avela ngokuqondile kumaVikings, njengoba bobabili behlanganyela iziqalo zabo kunkulunkulu u-Odin, ohlonishwa njengezwi ngemva kokukhanyiselwa, ngenxa yokusinda kwakhe kwezinsuku ezingu-9 ngokushesha okuphelele.
Incazelo yama-runes eCeltic
Ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, amaViking ayenezifiso ezinkulu zokwandisa umfundaze wawo kanye nokubusa izindawo ezintsha. Ngokwalesi sitatimende, bafika enyakatho yeYurophu, befundisa umphakathi ngamunye endleleni yabo, konke ababekwazi mayelana nama-runes nokusetshenziswa kwawo.
Ngale ndlela kwasungulwa ngempumelelo ukuguqulwa okuningi kwalokho abakubonisile, yingakho kwasungulwa ama-runes eCeltic, asenegama elifanayo nelamaViking okuqala. Ama-runes e-Celtic abaluleke kakhulu ayenziwe ngamatshe anemibala esagolide futhi kuwo ayeveza izimpawu; lawa nawo abelana ngencazelo yawo naleyo yamaViking, ngaphandle kokuthi:
Os Rune
Kubhekwa njengenkulumo engcwele evela emvelweni. Ngamanye amazwi, lapho sizizwa siseduze nomhlaba ongumama, lapho singena ezindaweni ezizungezwe imvelo, sithola ingqikithi yethu.
Ac Rune
Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-oki kanye nomfanekiso amaCelt awunikeza lesi sihlahla. Lesi yisipho onkulunkulu abasinika abantu; lokhu bese kubanikeze ukudla kanye nezinto eziphuma kuzo.
Rune Yr
Le rune imbozwe ithoni engaqondakali. Ibuye ibonakale njengethuluzi lokulwa elinamandla (isikhali nesitsha); lezi zinsimbi ezimbili ziqinisekisa isibindi nobuhle, kokubili ngokwabo kanye nokukhuthaza labo abasizungezile.
Indlebe Rune
Le rune njengomqondo wangaphambi kweGaelic isuselwa egameni elithi "umhlaba". Umqondo walokhu udlula ukufa uqobo, welula ukufa; Ngamanye amazwi, kuyisenzo esibhubhisayo, ukubuya kwesiphithiphithi, lapho konke kunqunyelwe ukufa, futhi ekugcineni lokho okudaliwe kuba umhlaba.
rune ior
Kubhekiselwa esilwaneni esikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokuphila emanzini nasemhlabeni, into efana nesilwane esihlala emanzini; iphinde imele ukuzivumelanisa nekhono lokuhamba phakathi kwemihlaba emibili ehluke kakhulu, cishe ephambene; kunomuntu nokamoya.
I-Rune Calc
Ihlobene ne-limestone ngendlela yokuthi isetshenziselwa ukungcwaba abashonile, ngoba uma ithelwa emizimbeni yabashonile yenza kube lula ukuguquguquka kwenyama kanye nephunga elibi.
Kalk Rune
Lokhu kusho futhi umcako, kodwa kuthiwa umhlatshelo, njengoshoki, umcako. I-rune ingacacisa imibono ehlukene ehlobene, njengokuthi: ukudweba imibono yezithombe (ishoki), ngakho-ke ukubhala ngokwayo kungaba umqondo obalulekile.
Gar Rune
Lokhu kuhlobene nomfanekiso womkhonto; baze basho nokuthi kungase kube nguyena osetshenziswa unkulunkulu u-Odin; ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhekisela emandleni enawo okuthinta umjikelezo ovamile wokuphila nokufa, ngaleyo ndlela exhunywe namandla olwazi nemilingo, abonisa futhi aveze izimfihlo.
Cweort Rune
Lokhu kumelela umlilo odla umzimba womuntu ozinikele, umlilo womngcwabo. Umphumela wawo uwukuhlanza umlilo ngokwawo, ohlobene eduze ne-Myspell, eyaziwa nangokuthi umlilo wokuqala wendalo.
UStan Rune
Incazelo yalo ihlotshaniswa netshe noma itshe, futhi ingukhokho wegama lesiNgisi elithi "stone". Lokhu kuveza umqondo we-condensation, okubonisa ukuthi idwala eliminyene elicindezela indaba ngisho nangasikhathi sinye.
Yimuphi umehluko okhona phakathi kwama-runes e-Celtic nama-Viking runes?
Ezikhathini eziningi, abantu bavame ukuxuba amaCelt namaViking. Abanye baze bathi amaViking awazange aphile ngempela. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi amasiko amaningi afana namaCeltic, amaViking noma amaGreki anesisekelo esifanayo, nokho ngayinye ingumuntu ngamunye, futhi akhonjwa ngokufanelekile ngamasiko awo aphawuleka kakhulu.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zizwe ezimbili ukuthi amaCelt aye amunca konke amaViking awafundisa kona, okuhlanganisa ngisho nokubikezela ikusasa nokwazi izimo zesikhathi esidlule ukuze azivumelanise nezimo ngendlela yawo, kuhlanganise nengxenye yesiko lamaNorse eyayivele ikhona. .ngemikhuba yabo. Izisekelo zemikhuba yokubhula abayifundayo yizona ezabaholela ekubeni benze uhlobo lokubhala, okuthi nakuba lufana, lube nencazelo yalo kanye nezici zalo ezingavamile.
Ama-runes anokufaneleka kwawo kwegrama, futhi nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuqondile akuzange kuveze imilando emikhulu yefilosofi. Okuphuma ngakunye okukhona kuzo kwakunenhloso yokufeza izinguquko ezajwayelana namasiko abo.
Ekugcineni singaphetha ngokuthi ama-runes amaViking yiwona asekuqaleni, okungukuthi, adalwa kuqala futhi ama-runes eCeltic athathwe kuwo; nokho-ke, ama-runes eCeltic abonakale ngokujula futhi ayinkimbinkimbi, maningi futhi anemibono enembe kakhudlwana.
ama-runes omlingo wenkathi ephakathi
Njengoba i-Major Germanic morphed emaqenjini ayo ezilimi zakamuva, amagama ashiwo kuma-runes nemisindo ayefanekisela yona yaqala ukuhluka ngandlela-thile, futhi isizwe ngasinye saqala ukwakha amasha, ukuwaqamba kabusha, noma ukuhlela kalula amagama abo e-rune. ziyekiwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zinguquko. Zonke izilimi ziyathuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zithonywa abantu abangomakhelwane abenza inkohlakalo futhi bacebisane.
Okunye okutholwe kamuva kwe-runic kutholakala etsheni lesikhumbuzo, ngokuvamile eliqukethe imithungo ecashile yabantu abafa noma abenza izenzo ezinkulu. Isikhathi esithile, kwakukholelwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lwe-epigram enkulu lwaluwukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwama-runes, nokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwakuhlotshaniswa nesigaba esithile senhlalo sabadwebi bezakhiwo noma abadwebi bezandla; okusho ukuthi, uhlobo lolimi oluyimfihlo lwenhlangano engabafanele abantu abavamile.
Maphakathi nawo-1950, cishe ama-epigram angama-600 aziwa ngokuthi imibhalo ye-Bryggen atholakala eBergen, eNorway. Lezi zazenziwa ngokhuni nangethambo, ngokuvamile ziyizinti ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, futhi zinemibhalo eqoshiwe yemvelo yansuku zonke kusukela kumathegi amagama, imithandazo (ngokuvamile ebhalwe ngesiLatini), imiyalezo yomuntu siqu, izincwadi zebhizinisi nezimemezelo zothando, ngisho namanyala. ukubhala, inhlamba ngisho nenhlamba.
Ngemva kwalokhu kutholakala, manje sekuyemukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi ukubhala nge-runes kwakuyisistimu yokuxhumana esakazwa futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi kwabantu baseJalimane. Ekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, ama-runes ayesetshenziswa nakuma-almanacs (ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi izigxobo ze-rune, ikhalenda le-prim noma ikhalenda laseScandinavia) eSweden nase-Estonia.
Ngokufanayo, singakwazi ukubona lolu hlobo lokubonakaliswa ngama-runes esontweni laseSaleeby eVästergötland - eSweden, lapho kukhona insimbi equkethe umbhalo we-runic ovela ku-1228. Ama-runes enkathi ephakathi asetshenziswa kuze kube ngekhulu leshumi nanhlanu lapho iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki yamaKatolika ikholelwa ukuthi i ama-runes ayengekho ngaphakathi kwemingcele yokuziphatha kwakhe; Iningi lemibhalo ye-runic yase-Norwegian esekhona ama-runes enkathi ephakathi.
i-runology
Umkhuba wamanje wama-runes waqalwa ku-Renaissance nguJohannes Bureus (1568-1652). U-Bureus wacabanga ukuthi ama-runes ayengcwelisiwe futhi izinto zemilingo ngomqondo we-kabbalistic. Kamuva, lolu cwaningo nokusebenza kwama-runes kwanwetshwa ngu-Olof Rudbeck Sr (1630-1702), futhi kuboniswe ku-repertoire yakhe yase-Atlantic.
Kamuva, u-Anders Celsius (1701-44), wasakaza isayensi ye-runes futhi wahamba kulo lonke elaseSweden ukuze ahlole ama-runestones (amatshe e-rune). Kusukela ezikhathini "zenkathi yegolide ye-philology" ngekhulu le-XNUMX, i-runology iye yakha igatsha elikhethekile lezilimi zaseJalimane.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesimanje kwama-Viking runes
Izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu ze-Runic zibe nokusetshenziswa okuningi ngezikhathi ezahlukene emlandweni, njengalezi esizokubonisa zona ngezansi:
- Emvuselelweni yamaViking ekhulwini le-XNUMX.
- Ubuzwe bothando baseScandinavia (Gothic) kanye nobuciko bemimoya baseJalimane, kokubili kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX.
- Umongo wohlobo oluhle kanye ne-neopaganism yamaJalimane ekhulwini lama-XNUMX.
ubuciko bemimoya
Kusukela ngo-1933, isibonakaliso seqembu le-Schutzstaffel sabonisa ama-Sig runes amabili. Iphayona legatsha le-armanist le-ariosophy kanye nelinye lamamodeli abaluleke kakhulu e-esotericism eJalimane nase-Austria, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX wayengumbhali we ubuciko bemilingo, imfihlakalo nenganekwane yase-Austrian, Uhlu lwe-Guido von.
Ngo-1908 washicilela "Imfihlo Yama-Runes", isethi ye-18 ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Armanen Runes" esekelwe ku-Futhark kanye nama-runes avela ku-List's isingeniso, ngokusobala embulwe kuye esigabeni sokungaboni isikhashana ngemva kokushona kwakhe. .inqubo yezokwelapha, yolwelwesi lwamehlo kuwo womabili amehlo ngo-1902.
Esinye isigaba sesimanje se-runic i-Uthark, eyaziwa ngokujwayelekile emsebenzini wesazi saseSweden nesazi semilingo uThomas Karlsson, umanduleli we-Ordo Draconis kanye no-Atri Adamantis (Idrako Ebomvu), futhi echazwa ngokuthi "uhlangothi lwesithunzi lwama-runes". Kodwa-ke, le mpikiswano, kanye nethiyori ye-rune, kwakuyisihloko socwaningo lwangaphambili lwesazi sefilosofi saseSweden uSigurd Agrell.
Ama-Runes eJalimane lamaNazi
Ama-runes e-SSRunes asetshenziswa imiphakathi yamaNazi kanye ne-neo-Nazi njengezimpawu ezihlobene namasiko aseJalimane, ikakhulukazi ama-runes: Sig, Eihwaz, Teiwaz, Othila kanye ne-Algiz. Ukuthakasela amaNazi abonakala abe nakho nge-runes kunokuthile okuphathelene no-Guido von List.
Kodwa-ke, isethi yakhe ye-rune kamuva yenqatshwa amaNazi, ethanda ama-runes e-Wiligut adalwe isazi sokugijima esisemthethweni samaNazi uKarl Maria Wiligut. Esakhiweni samaNazi, i-rune yaziwa ngokuthi "Sig" (kamuva evela kuhlu, okungenzeka ivela ku-Anglo-Saxon Sigel).
I-"Wolfsangel", nakuba ngokomlando ingeyona i-rune, isesimweni se-Rune ethi "Jera" yohlu; Ngokuka-von List, uhlobo lwe-Armanen rune "Jera" luhluke kakhulu kulelo elisetshenziswa njengamanje. Kuyangabazeka ukuthi ubani owashintsha ngempela ifomu likaJera, kodwa wabonakala “esesimweni sakhe esisha” ekuqaleni kwawo-1930; Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka amaphepha okuqala e-Von List, uzothola umklamo ohluke kancane ofana kancane ne-"Wolfsangel."
Lawa ma-runes ayeyingxenye yeringi ye-SS yogebhezi olugqokwa amalungu e-SS. Kodwa-ke, eringini yogebhezi lwe-SS, ama-runes amaningana ayengabonwa ngaphandle kophawu lwawo. Amabili «Sig» runes (eyodwa ecwiliswe unxantathu), «Hagal» (ngaphakathi hexagon), «Swastika» rune (ngaphakathi isikwele) kanye «Double» rune (ngaphakathi indilinga).
Ama-runes esimanje ezincwadini nasefilimini
Encwadini ka-JRR Tolkien ethi The Hobbit (1937), ama-Anglo-Saxon runes asetshenziswe kumephu ukuze kugqanyiswe ukuxhumana kwawo nezinto ezithandwayo. Aphinde asetshenziswa ezinguqulweni zokuqala ze-The Lord of the Rings, kodwa kamuva athathelwa indawo yizinhlamvu zezinhlamvu ze-Cirth runic, ezasungulwa nguTolkien.
I-Post-Tolkien, ama-runes enganekwane kanye nomlando avela kaningi kusiko lesimanje elidumile, ikakhulukazi ezincwadini zezinganekwane, imidlalo yevidiyo, neminye imidiya. Njengesibonelo ochungechungeni oludumile luka-JK Rowling i-Harry Potter, lapho umlingiswa ka-Hermione Granger efunda ama-runes asendulo.
Kumabonakude, ikakhulukazi uchungechunge lwethelevishini oluqanjiwe lwesayensi i-Stargate SG-1; kubonakala sengathi ama-runes asetshenziswa njengendlela yokubhala umjaho we-Asgard alien.
Ithonya lama-runes emculweni lingabonakala eqenjini le-rock and roll Led Zeppelin. Lapho ngokwendaba yamalungu aleli qembu, anqume ukusebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwesiNgisi kwefonti ye-runic ekumeleleni okufanayo kwegama leqembu labo; Amalungu aleli qembu ayengabalandeli bezincwadi zikaTolkien ethi "The Lord of the Rings".
Ungakwazi futhi ukubona ithonya lama-runes kulogo yebluetooth. Lokhu kugcizelela inhlanganisela yama-runes amabili e-Futhark: i-Hagalaz ne-Berkana, ehambisana nezinhlamvu "H" kanye "no-B". Lawa ama-initials egama likaHarald Blatand (okuthiwa "i-Bluetooth" ngesiNgisi), owayeyinkosi yaseDenmark ngeNkathi yamaViking.
I-Runes ku-neopaganism kanye nenkathi entsha
Njengoba izinhlobo ze-neopaganism zingahluka kakhulu futhi zinemvelaphi ehlukene, imfundiso kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-runes kungahluka kakhulu.
Njengobuqaba obuvamile baseJalimane, ama-runes ngokuvamile ayingxenye ebalulekile kule modeli ye-neopaganism, futhi angasetshenziswa ngezinjongo eziningi ezihlukahlukene emibonweni eminingi ye-Reconstructionism, kuye ngokuthi iqembu lihle kangakanani.
Amanye alawa maqoqo angase aqukathe okusunguliwe okwengeziwe kwamanje, njengokusetshenziswa kwezikhundla ezifana nama-runes njengendlela yokuzivocavoca kohlobo lwe-rune yoga; kuyilapho abalandeli bezemfundo abaningi be-neopaganism yaseJalimane behlukana nokusetshenziswa kwama-runes ekubhaleni nasekubhaleni ubuciko bemimoya.
Ama-New Ages namanye ama-Wiccans angase futhi asebenzise ama-runes ezimeni ezahlukene, njengalezi: ukubikezela, ngokuvamile ukuhlanganisa imithombo ezimele yodwa, njengaleyo ehlanganisa ukulumba noma ukubhula.
Indlela yokwenza i-rune roll kahle?
Uma usuzisiwe emhlabeni wama-runes, uzothola ukuthi abantu abaningi sebeyifezile eyabo indlela yokuwafunda. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcizelela ukuthi ukusabalala kuwukubonisana nezwi kunokufunda ikusasa lakho.
Lokhu akunikezi isiqondiso salokho umuntu okufanele ngabe uyakwenza, futhi akubikezeli izenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo. Okwenziwa yisiphrofetho ukudonsela ukunaka kwakho ekwesabeni okufihliwe kanye nokugqugquzelayo, okuzololonga ikusasa lakho ngobukhona bawo obungabonakali, ngaso sonke isikhathi samanje. Uma lezi zakhi sezibonisiwe futhi zabonwa, zizongena endaweni yokukhetha.
Kulungile, indlela ama-runes amaViking asebenza ngayo njenge-oracle, ukuthola izimpendulo zemibuzo yethu nokukhathazeka kwethu; kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi izimpendulo zakho akufanele zibonwe njengemibono, kodwa kunalokho njengesiqondiso sokuziphatha ezimweni ezithile; Ukufeza lokhu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukwahlulela kwakho kanye ne-intuition kahle.
Ukuqala ukugijima nokufunda kwe-Viking runes, kubalulekile ukulandela izinqubo esizozichaza kumaphuzu alandelayo.
vula ama-runes
Ukuze ungcwelise futhi uhlobanise lawa matshe nawe, kufanele ube nesibopho esikhethekile nawo. Ukuze ukhiqize lesi sixhumanisi sincoma:
- Okokuqala, thola indawo ethulile ukuze uphumule futhi uzindle. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ulahle imithwalo noma iziphazamiso ezingenza kube nzima ukufunda ama-runes amaViking. Uma usufinyelele iphuzu lokuphumula okuphelele, okufanelekile ukuthatha ama-Viking runes futhi uzindle nawo.
- Ngemuva kwale nqubo yokuqala, okuhle wukusho amagama ambalwa noma imithandazo yokubonga bese ucela onkulunkulu nomhlaba wonke ukuthola isiqondiso nesiqondiso, ukuze isenzo esizokwenziwa.
- Uma uthanda, ngemva kokuqeda izicelo zakho noma imithandazo, ungakhanyisa isibani futhi ulungiselele indawo lapho ama-Viking runes azophonswa khona, ubeke indwangu noma i-tapestry yokufunda etafuleni. Eduze kwayo ungabeka iziphandla noma izinto ezikhangayo ezandisa amandla amahle njengamatshe, izitshalo, phakathi kwabanye.
- Khanyisa impepho, ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kokuphonswa ngakunye njengoba iyinto yamandla ewohlozayo, futhi ivumela ukuphumula endaweni.
- Ama-runes ama-Viking nawo angahlanzwa ngemva kokugijima ngakunye ngokuwacwilisa olwandle usawoti bese uwabeka ngaphansi kokukhanya kwenyanga, ikakhulukazi okugcwele.
- Ngemuva kokuqeda ukufunda i-Viking runes, okuhle ukuthi unikeze amagama ambalwa okubonga noma imithandazo yemiyalezo etholiwe.
Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi lapho usebenzisa kakhulu ama-runes akho e-Viking, azoba ngumuntu siqu futhi azokwakha ukuxhumana okujulile nawe njengoba emunca amandla owalethela wona. Ngenxa yalokhu, abaningi batusa ukungavumeli abanye ukuthi bathinte noma basebenzise isethi yakho ye-rune yomuntu siqu.
i-runic eyisisekelo roll
Noma ngubani ofisa ukusebenzisa ama-runes amaViking kumele enze umqulu, ukuze athole isibikezelo. Kungakho amasayithi amaningi aku-inthanethi enikezela ngama-runes enziwe samuntu okufanele kukhokhwe ngawo. Nokho, njengezinye izangoma, ungakwazi ukwenza umqulu ngokwakho.
Ngendlela efanayo okwenzeka ngayo nge-Viking tarot kanye ne-I Ching, noma nanoma iyiphi enye i-tarot, kubuzwa umbuzo noma kwenziwa inkomba mayelana nesihloko esithakaselwayo; uma sezibekwe etafuleni, impendulo iyatholakala. Ukuze kunyatheliswe okulungile, kuhle ukuklama indawo ekahle, ngoba ziyizimpawu ezihlala ngokuhlakanipha kokhokho kanye nendabuko, uhlobo lwezinto ezenziwe ngazo zibalulekile, kodwa azinqumi.
Ukuxhumana okuhlala njalo nemvelo kwaholela abantu baseNordic ukuba baguqule amabheji abo ngamatshe, izinkuni, amathambo, ubumba; ngakho-ke, kuhle ukusebenzisa lezi zinto ezilula. Ngokunjalo, kunconywa ukwakha indawo esisondeza eduze nemvelo kanye noMama Womhlaba. Akunandaba ukuthi imibuzo ebuzwa kwabagijimi imayelana nezihloko ezinjengothando noma inkinga yomsebenzi.
Umqulu onalezi zimpawu usungulwa yizinyathelo ezi-3 ezilandelayo: Lungiselela i-triskel phansi, ayibalulekile uma idwetshwe ephepheni noma idwetshwe ngesihlabathi. Ubukhulu bombuthano buzonqunywa ngesandla sakho ngale ndlela: vula isithupha sakho nomunwe omncane, bese uvala eminye iminwe emithathu. Usebenzisa isandla sakho njengekhampasi, dweba indilinga. (Lona usayizi i-triskel okufanele ibe yiyo.)
- Ingqondo kufanele icace futhi ingabi nalutho, kuyilapho isikhwama se-runes sibanjwe ngesandla esisodwa. Ifuna ukusungula ukuxhumana nama-runes futhi ilawule amandla abo; kufanele itholakale ngokuphelele kubo.
- Isandla sifakwa esikhwameni ngokusixhawula bese sisinyakazisa ngamandla; kufanele uzwe lonke itshe, zonke izingcezu ezibekwe lapho zilinde ukukhethwa.
- Buza umbuzo ofuna ukuwubuza, ngokuqina okuphelele.
Khona-ke kufanele uthathe ama-runes ambalwa ngaphandle kokucabanga ngakho, bese welula ingalo yakho ngaphambili phezu kwe-triskel, ngokuphakama okungaphakeme kangako; emgqeni kufanele usebenzise ibanga elifanayo nalelo elase lisetshenziswe ukukala indilinga ekuqaleni.
Isenzo esilandelayo, isibhakela kufanele sivulwe ukuze sibawise, kuyilapho kucatshangwa ngombuzo obuziwe. Indawo ngayinye ye-triskel iyingxenye yempilo yomuntu okuxoxiswene naye, okuthi, njengabo bonke abantu, unesikhathi samanje, esidlule nekusasa. Bheka ngokucophelela lapho befike khona, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangaphandle noma ngaphakathi kwendilinga, kanye nokuthi baseduze yini nendawo.
Uma iseduze nesikhungo, izobaluleka kakhulu ukuze uthole izeluleko ezinikezwa yibona. Labo abangaphandle kwendilinga abaphenduli esicelweni, kodwa badonsela ukunaka izehlakalo ezithinta noma ezingase zisithinte; lezi zibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa hhayi kulo mbuzo.
izikhundla ze-runic
Ngesikhathi somqulu, ama-runes angawa ngezindlela ezahlukene; ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba nombono wokuchazwa kwalokhu:
- ubuso bubheke phezulu noma bubheke phansi: Uma i-rune ibheke phansi, kuyoba okokugcina ukuhunyushwa futhi izohlala iqondile. Incazelo kanye nencazelo yalo kuyobe kusekelwe kulokho okuzayo; kulokho okungenakugwenywa kodwa okungakabonwa ngokucacile kusengaphambili.
- Ukuma okuqondile kokuthi ubani ofundayo: incazelo yalo ukuthi iyini, awekho ama-nuances.
- indawo yokuhlehla: imele okuphambene ne-rune; okungukuthi, inkomba embi noma cha.
- indawo eseceleni: kuyincazelo engaqondakali, yonke into incike kumongo wezinye izingcezu.
Ngingawathenga kuphi ama-Viking runes?
Ngamakhasi amaningi e-inthanethi uzothola izinketho eziningi ze-rune, ezinye zazo ongazithola ngentengo engabizi, ngokuvamile ngisho nokunikezwa kumasethi we-rune, ongayenza ngayo imikhuba yakho; kukhona nemibhalo ye-rune, ngokuvamile ehlanganisa isethi ephelele yama-runes njengezipho.
Uma ufuna ukuthenga eyodwa, kuyadingeka ukukhetha izinto ezenziwe ngamatshe nezinkuni; Siyakugqamisa lokhu ngoba leli siko belihlala lixhumene nemvelo, futhi lezi zakhi yizona ezifanele ukubeka ubuhlakani bokhokho babo. Futhi cabangela ukubaluleka kwazo kobuhle futhi ubheke isethi yama-runes, ekhuthaza ukuzethemba nokuzola, futhi kulula ukuyiphatha.
Yenza awakho ama-run e-Celtic
Ngokuvamile, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abaningi abangena emhlabeni we-runes bakhetha ukwenza isethi yabo yezicucu, ukuze benze uxhumano olukhulu lwemilingo nama-runes.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, amaViking ayezikhethela ngokwakhe itshe ngalinye noma ucezu lokhuni ukuze lwenziwe, ekhetha phakathi kwamagatsha ezihlahla zasendulo, eziklanyelwe ukuba nokuhlakanipha okukhulu. Babe sebewaqopha ngemimese futhi baklama izimpawu zabo ngopende bemvelo. Uma ufuna ukwenza ama-runes akho ngezandla zakho, sincoma lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo ezilula:
- Khetha izinto ozikhethayo: amatshe, amagobolondo, izinkuni, ubumba, phakathi kwabanye.
- Dweba izimpawu ebusweni bezinto ezikhethiwe, isibonelo: endabeni yetshe ungayiqopha, uma kwenzeka ukhuni ungayiqopha, uyipende noma wenze izibalo emlilweni. Uma usuphinda le nqubo uze uqedele isethi yakho yama-runes, uzokwenza ukuthi alungele ukuqala ukuqalisa kwakho futhi ujabulele.
- Ungakwazi futhi ukwenza isikhwama, ukuze uwagcine ngemva spin ngamunye.
Uma uthole lesi sihloko se-Viking Runes sithakazelisayo, sikumema ukuthi ujabulele lezi ezinye: