Kulesi sihloko sikumema ukuba wazi konke mayelana izimpawu ze-maori isethi yezimpawu ezisetshenziswa yilo mphakathi owadabuka eNew Zealand futhi eziye zasetshenziswa njengama-tattoos amelela amandla, isibindi, ukuchuma nokuheha izinhlanhla.Qhubeka ufunda futhi uthole konke!
Izimpawu zesiMaori
AmaMaori ayisizwe sasePolynesia esahlala eziQhingini zaseNew Zealand eziseNingizimu Pacific Ocean. Lesi sizwe ngokunokwenzeka sasivela eziqhingini ezazisenyakatho, njengeziqhingi zaseRarotonga noma zaseTongatapu. Igama elithi Maori lisho into evamile noma evamile ngolimi lwesiMaori.
Lezi zinhlanga zigqama kakhulu ngezimpawu zamaMaori njengoba ziyindlela yazo yokwenza ubuciko futhi zenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ngezinto ezifana nethambo, ukhuni kanye ne-jade. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa imidwebo ehlukahlukene yokudweba kanye nama-tattoos abaluleke kakhulu njengezimpawu zamaMaori kanye nesiko elimele.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaMaori aqala ukudlulisela isiko nomlando wawo ngokukhulumisana ngomlomo nangezimpawu zamaMaori. Lokhu kwaziwa ngaphambi kokuba abaseYurophu bafinyelele ogwini lwase-Aotearoa. Ngale ndlela igama lesiMaori lisho “izwe lefu elikhulu elimhlophe”
Ngesiko elidluliselwa ngomlomo nangezimpawu zamaMaori, zaba indlela evelele kakhulu yokudlulisela ukwaziswa, kanye nezindaba nezinganekwane zezinkolelo ezithandwayo zalabo bantu.
Ngale ndlela uphawu ngalunye lwesiMaori lunencazelo nenjongo yalo. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo eziningi zalezi zimpawu zesiMaori zimelela izincazelo eziningi njengoba zibhekisela ezinganekwaneni ezihlukahlukene zamaMaori nezinkolelo ezithandwayo.
Umlando wezimpawu zesiMaori
Esikweni laseNew Zealand izimpawu zesiMaori zinemvelaphi yazo noma ziqala emhlabeni ongaphansi komhlaba owaziwa ngokuthi i-Uetonga. Kuthiwa kunenganekwane yasendulo lapho kuxoxwa khona ngezigemegeme zeqhawe elaziwa ngokuthi uMataora elithandana nenkosazana yaseMhlabeni eyaziwa ngokuthi uNiwaka. Le nkosazana yakhuphukela eMhlabeni ukuze ikwazi ukushada naleli qhawe. Kodwa uMataora, njengoba wayengazi ubuciko bokudweba umzimba, wayedwetshwe esikhumbeni kuphela.
Ngesinye isikhathi leli qhawe laphatha kabi inkosazana eyacasulwa yaphindela endaweni yabafileyo. Iqhawe uMataora, lazizwa linecala futhi lidabukile, lehlela kulowo mhlaba ukuze liyoxolisa enkosazaneni nomndeni wayo, lilapho nomdwebo owawubekwe emzimbeni walo, lwasakazeka futhi inkosi yabaphansi yamhleka.
Inkosi yanquma ukumfundisa indlela nobuciko be-"ta moko" ukuze aqoshwe unomphela. Ngemva kokuba iQhawe laseMataora likufundile, lafundisa abantu bakubo abangamaMaori. Yingakho ngaphambi kokuba abeLungu bafike kula mazwe, abantu abanezikhundla eziphezulu emphakathini wamaMaori babedwetshwe izimpawu zamaMaori ukuze lapho besuka esiqhingini babhekwe njengabanesikhundla esiphakeme emphakathini.
Izinhlobo zezimpawu zesiMaori
Esikweni lamaMaori, ingelinye lamasiko ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu akhona njengoba lisebenzisa izimpawu eziningi zesiMaori incazelo yazo iyimfihlo futhi yilabo kuphela abantu abakulowo mndeni abazi incazelo. Ngale ndlela, inhloso yayo ukunakekela ingcebo ekhona yezimpawu zamaMaori namasiko abo. Okulandelayo, izimpawu eziyinhloko zamaMaori eziye zadlula kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo nokuthi incazelo yazo eyinhloko iyini izochazwa.
Grove
Ingenye yezimpawu zamaMaori ezisetshenziswa kakhulu abantu njenge-tattoo kusukela lolu phawu lumelela isiqalo esisha, ukukhula nokuvumelana kumuntu, kuzohlala kubonakala ukubuya kokuthula okuphakade. Lolu phawu lwamaMaori lusekelwe ku-fern onomumo oyindilinga okhipha umumo okukholelwa ukuthi uhlala ukunyakaza okungapheli.
Ukuma elikuthwala ngaphakathi kusikisela kumuntu obukele i-fern ukuthi ibuyele endaweni yayo ukuze iqale futhi, yingakho lokhu kungenye yezimpawu zamaMaori ezizomelela ukuguqulwa kokuphila nokuhlala okufanayo.
Kodwa ayisetshenziswanga njenge-tattoo kuphela ngoba ingenye yezimpawu zamaMaori ezigqokwa ilenga emgexoni wamaMaori ngoba imelela amandla omoya kumuntu onawo. Kuphinde kube ngolunye lwezimpawu zesiMaori ezikhipha igunya nodumo kumuntu oligqokile entanyeni.
“Njengoba enye i-fern ifa, enye izalwa ukuze ithathe indawo yayo”
IManaia
Ingenye yezimpawu zamaMaori ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njengoba ihlinzeka ogqokile ngokuvikeleka abakudingayo Emhlabeni, esibhakabhakeni nasolwandle.
Lolu phawu lwesiMaori luboniswa njengesidalwa senganekwane esikweni lesiMaori futhi luyi-motif evame kakhulu ekuqoshweni kwesiMaori nobucwebe.
Lolu phawu lwamaMaori luhlale luboniswa luqoshwe kuphrofayili enye ingxenye yomzimba inekhanda lenyoni, enye ingxenye inomzimba womuntu futhi ekugcineni ibe nomsila wenhlanzi. Kwezinye izincazelo lenziwe livumelane nesimo sehhashi lasolwandle nesibankwa.
Ngokwesiko namasiko amaMaori uphawu lweManaia kukholakala ukuthi luyisithunywa phakathi kwezwe lasemhlabeni labantu abafayo kanye nezwe lapho kubusa khona imimoya. Lolu phawu lwamaMaori lusetshenziswa njengomqaphi ebubini namandla amabi.
Yingakho njalo ifanekiselwa ngesimo sesishiyagalombili. Lapho ingxenye engaphezulu imise okwekhanda lenyoni kanti ingxenye engezansi imise okomsila wenhlanzi. Nakuba lezi zimpawu zamaMaori zimelelwe ngendlela ye-iwi.
Abaningi bamelwe ngeminwe emithathu ukumela ubuthathu bokuzalwa, ukuphila nokufa. Nakuba ngezikhathi ezikhethekile kwenezelwa umunwe wesine, oyoba nenhloso yawo eyinhloko ukukhombisa izigqi eziyisiyingi zokuphila nempilo yesikhathi esizayo njengoba kuboniswa ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene ngezimpawu zesiMaori.
I-Pikorua Maori Symbol
Ngolunye lwezimpawu zamaMaori ezigqamayo ngokuma kwalo, nakuba kuyi-fern emila ezindaweni ezinomthunzi nezinomswakama emahlathini aseNew Zealand futhi inombala oluhlaza ngokuphaphathekile.Ukwakheka kwayo kusetshenziswa njengophawu lwesiMaori oluzomelela ukuhlangana kwesiqalo nesiphetho. Lokhu kubhekisela emasikweni nangokwesiko lalo mphakathi esibophweni saphakade esikhona phakathi kwezinhlangano ezimbili ezizimele.
Lezi zinhlangano ngesiko lesiMaori zingaba abantu ababili. Ngale ndlela, uphawu olwaziwa ngokuthi i-Pikorua kufanele lubonise ukuthi abantu abalandela indlela yabo ohambweni lwabo lokuphila, bahlala behlangana futhi ngenxa yezibopho eziqinile ezibahlanganisayo, yingakho kuboniswa incazelo yokuthi uphawu lwePikorua lukhona. okuyinto "Indlela yothando nempilo".
Enye incazelo enikezwe uphawu lwesiMaori lwe-Pikorua yileyo "yokulinda ubungane babantu ababili". Lokhu kwenza amandla nobuhle obukhona ebunganini bungapheli futhi impilo yalaba bantu ixhumene. Lolu phawu luphefumulelwe ukukhula nokuphila kwabantu ababili noma abathandi abaphelele.
Iphinde imelwe kwabasanda kushada nomakoti abafisa ukuba nokuxhumana okuphelele nokunamandla nabalingani babo. Kanye nokuthuthukisa uthando, ukwethembeka nobungane.
Futhi ingenye yezimpawu zamaMaori ezinikeza umbono wokuguquka phakathi koshintsho lwempilo naphakade. Kulo mongo kubhekiselwa othandweni noma isibopho esikhona phakathi kwabantu ababili futhi ngale ndlela asisoze sashabalala ngisho noma behlukana isikhathi esingaziwa.
Kungakho i-Pikorua ingenye yezimpawu zamaMaori ezizofana nendlela yabantu ababili okufanele bahlale ndawonye noma ngabe izindlela abazihambayo ziwukuhlukana ngoba ngelinye ilanga bayoba ndawonye. Ngakho-ke, umgexo ofanekisela i-Pikorua uyisipho esithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabashadile nabathandi.
Hei tiki
Ukuba omunye wezimpawu zamaMaori ezizomelela ukhokho odumile ohlotshaniswa nokuzala kanye nezimfanelo ezinhle zowesifazane waseMaori. Lolu phawu lwamaMaori luhlotshaniswa nomshado nomndeni. Umyeni wayinika umkakhe njengoba i-hei-tiki inikezwa uma unkosikazi engakwazi ukukhulelwa.
Kuthiwa futhi lapho lolu phawu lwamaMaori lulenga entanyeni, lolu phawu luvame ukuphenduka lube mnyama. Ngoba yenza ukumelwa komzali noma umbheki oqondiswe kumuntu osendleleni yokuhle.
Ngemva kokufa komuntu, lolu phawu lusetshenziswa kumgexo ukuze kamuva lugcinwe futhi lunikezwe isizukulwane esilandelayo.
Toki-Adze
Iyithuluzi kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo isetshenziswa njengolunye lwezimpawu zesiMaori ezisetshenziswa njengembazo emikhosini yezizwe zamaToki Pou Tangata kanye neTaonga njengoba iphathwa abaholi bezizwe.
Kuwuphawu oluzomela amandla kanye nenani umuntu analo njengoba lingelinye lamathuluzi okumele, uma lisetshenziswa, libe namandla kakhulu futhi abantu ababaluleke kakhulu kuphela esizweni babenamandla nomthwalo wemfanelo wokulisebenzisa, ukuthi yingakho Kuwuphawu olubaluleke kakhulu emphakathini wamaMaori.
I-Fish Hook Hei Matau
Eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-fish hook, ingenye yezimpawu zesiMaori ezibhekisela ekuchumeni, ekuchichimeni kanye nenhlanhla. Kanye nempilo enhle kanye nokudlula okuphephile olwandle, lolu phawu lwesiMaori lukhethekile njengoba lwavela ethuluzini elalisetshenziselwa ukudoba okuvamile.
Ngamanye amazwi, isuke ekubeni ithuluzi elilula yaba ubucwebe nemisebenzi yezandla yaseMaori, yaba ucezu lwenani elikhulu emphakathini olusebenzisela ukuheha ukuchuma kanye nenhlanhla.
Kuthiwa kunendaba ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule lapho umphakathi wamaMaori wawuhlala ngokudoba olwandle. Yingakho ukudoba kubaluleke kangaka kulo mphakathi njengoba bekuyindlela esetshenziswa ukuziphilisa. Ngale ndlela ihuku lalingelona nje ithuluzi kodwa laliwuphawu olukhulu lwamaMaori lokusinda.
Iphinde yabalwe njengelinye lamabheji ahlonishwayo ngenhlanhla eliza nayo kumuntu oligqokile. Nakuba kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi yaqala ukusetshenziswa njengomgexo ukuze ivimbele ukuba ingalahleki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yaba ucezu oluyigugu kakhulu ebucwebeni baseMaori, enemihlobiso eyengeziwe nemininingwane eyengeziwe, namuhla enezincazelo eziningi.
I-tattoo njengezimpawu zesiMaori
Ngokwesiko lamaMaori, izimpawu zamaMaori zisetshenziswa kabanzi ngendlela yama-tattoos futhi namuhla zihlonishwa kakhulu ngenxa yezinkolelo namasiko omphakathi wamaMaori. AmaMaori aye abheka ingxenye yomzimba engcwele njengenhloko. Ngale ndlela abantu abaningi banquma ukwenza ama-tattoos kuleyo ngxenye yomzimba.
Ama-tattoos asetshenziswa kakhulu yilawo lapho ijika lenziwa khona kanye nalawo anezithombe ezimise okwe-spiral. Abesilisa bavamise ukufaka ama-tattoos avala ubuso bonke, kodwa laba bantu bathatha indawo ehloniphekile emphakathini abasebenza kuwo.
Izingxenye zobuso zifeza umsebenzi okhethekile wokukwazi ukwenza tattoo ngesinye sezimpawu zamaMaori, okugqama kuzo lezi zingxenye ezilandelayo zobuso:
Ngakapikirau: ziyizindawo ezimbili ezingunxantathu ezihlangana phansi phakathi kwesiphongo. Lesi sikhundla sibonisa ukuthi sinjani isimo somuntu. Kuyindawo ekhetheke kakhulu futhi engenziwa kuphela yilabo abazuze ifa elikhethekile emphakathini wamaMaori.
Ngunga: Ziyizindawo ezimbili ezingunxantathu ezigxile engxenyeni engenhla yamashiya.Imidwebo eyenziwa kuleyo ndawo enezimpawu zesiMaori iphawula isikhundla abanaso ekuphileni esizweni.
Uirere: Itholakala nhlangothi zombili zekhala futhi kusukela emakhoneni amehlo ngobude endaweni ezingeni lekhala futhi imele ukuzihlanganisa nesizwe.
Uma: kuyindawo esuka emathempelini omuntu kuya enkabeni yezindlebe lapho ama-tattoos enziwa kule ngxenye yobuso imelela ulwazi mayelana nobaba noma umama womuntu ngamunye.
Uma uthole le ndatshana ngezimpawu zesiMaori ibalulekile, ngikumema ukuthi uvakashele izixhumanisi ezilandelayo: