Nhema dzeNorse inyika yakanaka uye panguva imwe chete ine hutsinye. Nyika yakaumbwa nengano dzakawanda dzinonakidza uye dzinodzidzisa. Chitendero chavo uye nyaya yekusika, senge imba yavo, haina simba uye inopesana. nyika ye vamwari ve norse izere nezviitiko uye zviitiko zvinokuita kuti ufunge zvakaoma.
vamwari ve norse
Vanamwari veNorse vanoonekwa pamberi pedu kwete chete sevatongi vakachenjera uye vane simba rose vezvakagadzirirwa vanhu, asiwo sevanhuwo zvavo. Vanowanzoita zvikanganiso zvevanhu zvakakwana, kushandisa hunyengeri, kuita zviduku uye kusaruramisira, vanoda utsinye uye kuseka matambudziko evamwe vanhu.
Izvo zvese zvakatangira mugomba rakakura rinozivikanwa seGinnungagap. Gomba rakadzika-dzika rakanga riri pakati, uye kumaodzanyemba nokuchamhembe kwakanga kune umambo hwomwoto noumambo hwavakafa mukuwirirana. Pano, munzvimbo iyi isingagari, hupenyu hwakamuka kubva muchando nemoto. Chisikwa chipenyu chekutanga kuumbwa ndiYmir, hofori yeaizi. Nenguva isipi, Buri akabuda: mwari. Buri akarara nehofori ndipo pakabva Odin. Odin akauraya Ymir uye akashandisa muviri wake kupa pasi.
Ropa rehofori yakazadza makungwa nenzizi. Mapfupa ake akava makomo, nenyama yake nyika. Dehenya rehofori rakaumba denga. Madiki eKuchamhembe, Maodzanyemba, Kumadokero nekuMabvazuva akabata denga iroro pamusoro pemisoro yavo kuti risadonha. Pakapera pasi, Odin akasika diki nevanhu. Vanhu vakaiswa kuMidgard, kuseri kwefenzi yakagadzirwa netsiye dzaYmir. Vamwari vakagara muAsgard. Nzvimbo iyo vanhu vaingokwanisa kusvika nepazambuko: murarabungu.
Nhema dzeVamwari veNorse: iyo Aesir
Mungano dzese kazhinji pane zvisikwa zvakasiyana nevanhu. Kune vamwari, hofori uye mamwe mafananidzo mungano dzeNordic nyika. Zvisinei, kusiyana namwari mumwe chete wechiKristu, vamwari veNorse havakanganisi uye havamiriri zvakakwana zvakakwana. Nhema dzeNorse dzakakamurwa kuita marudzi matatu:
- AcesMaererano nechitendero cheNorse, maAces anogara muAsgard, chigaro chevamwari. Vanonyanya kurwa uye vamwari vane simba vanozivikanwa nesimba ravo, unyanzvi muhondo uye kuraira kwavo. Akakosha uye anozivikanwa maece echirume anosanganisira, semuenzaniso, mwari baba Odin, mwari wekutinhira Thor, mwari ane manomano wenhema Loki, mwari wechiedza Baldur, kana muchengeti webhiriji Hiemal.
- Assin. Vamwe vamwarikadzi vanewo chigaro chavo muAsgard, saka pakati pevaAsin pane mudzimai waOdin Frigg, mwarikadzi wepasi pevhu Hela, mwarikadzi wenhetembo, Saga, mwarikadzi wegoho Sif, mwarikadzi wemishonga, Eir, kana mwarikadzi we. huchenjeri, Snotra.
- The Vanir vanogara muVanaheim vanoonekwa semhuri yekare yevamwari, kusiyana naishe murwi, vanoonekwa sevamwari vemoto wemoto uye vane basa rekubereka, kubatana kwenyika, uye budiriro. Pakati paVanir pane, somuenzaniso, Freyr, mwari wechiedza chokudenga, Freya, mwarikadzi worudo norunako, kana kuti Kvasir, mwari wezivo, ane mhinduro kumibvunzo yose.
Aces
IAces ndiyo mhuri yegotwe yevanamwari inogara muAsgard. Ndivanamwari vane simba, avo vanonzi zvinhu zvakadai sesimba uye simba. Aesir vanofa, vanongogara vadiki nemaapuro anobva kuIdun, mwarikadzi wekusafa. Pakati penhengo huru dzeaces tine:
Odin
Odin, baba vevamwari, ndiye anonyanya kukosha wevamwari vekudenga veNorse uye, maererano netsika, zvichidawo mufananidzo wakaoma zvikuru muNorse mythology, uyo ane ngano dzakawanda dzakasiyana uye nyaya dzakabatanidzwa. Nepo izwi rekuti "Odin" richishandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo yeNorth Germanic, mwari mukuru weAesir nenyika yevamwari yeGermany inowanzozivikanwa se "Wodan" kana "Wotan" muSouth Germanic area lore.
Baba vane simba vavamwari vanozivikanwa zvikuru nouchenjeri hwavo huri kwose kwose uye nyota yake huru yezivo: makunguwo maviri Hugin naMunin vanogara pamapfudzi ake, avo vanomuudza zvose zvavakawana pamusoro pezviitiko zvenyika mundege dzavo dzenhume. Nekuda kwavo, mwari mukuru wevaViking anozivikanwawo saRaven Mwari. Zvinokosha kuti mazita eshiri anoshandurwa achishandisa mashoko okuti "pfungwa" uye "ndangariro."
Kutsvaga ruzivo, chokwadi, uye njere hunhu hwaOdin uye hunoonekwa sehumwe hunokosha uye hunoumba hunhu hwake. Semuenzaniso, Odin akatopira hafu yekuona kwake nekuda kwerudo rwehuchenjeri: akashanyira Mimir, muchengeti wepakutanga sosi yehuchenjeri pasi pemuti wenyika Yggdrasil, uye akakumbira kunwa kubva patsime, iro mvura yake inomupa ruzivo uye kuona.
Sechibairo chekuwana chokwadi ichi, Baba veVamwari vaive vakagadzirira, pakuraira kwaMimir, kuisa rimwe remeso ake sechipo mutsime. Ichi ndicho chikonzero Odin ichinziwo "iye ane ziso rimwe" uye inoratidzwa nenzira iyo mune zvakawanda zvinomiririra.
Odin haana kungopa ziso rake kutsime reMimir kuti awane zivo, uchenjeri uye njere: haanawo kurega kuzvipa sechibayiro. Saka akazvisungirira padota renyika Yggdrasil kwemazuva mapfumbamwe neusiku, kuti angowana kungwara kutsva nehuchenjeri hukuru. Kuzvipira kwaOdin paMuti Wenyika kunowanzonzwisiswa sekufa kwekufananidzira kunosanganisira kumuka, uye nokudaro kunofananidzwa nechiratidzo chechiKristu uye tsika dzechiKristu.
Maererano neNorse lore, zvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana nemhuka zvinowanikwa pakati pekambani yeOdin. Mukuwedzera kumakunguo maviri, Hugin naMunin, avo vakagadzwa pachigaro pamapfudzi eAesir uye vari vatori venhau vake pamwe chete nomutsivi wokusaona kwake, kune dzimwe mhuka dzoumwari dzinotsigira baba vavamwari.
Imwe yedzakanyanya kukosha shamwari dzashe ane simba uye mutongi wevamwari veNorse ibhiza rehondo rine makumbo masere Sleipnir. PaSleipnir, Odin anotasva mangwanani oga oga achipfuura nepakati pedenga, achiperekedzwa nemakunguo ake maviri; bhiza ishamwari yake yakatendeka muhondo uye muhondo dzinokosha dzeGötterdämmerung.
Mukuwedzera kuna Hugin, Munin, uye Sleipnir, mapere maviri Geri naFreki anowanzo kuwanikwa padivi raOdin. Yakashandurwa, mazita avo "anokara" uye "anopenga", uye basa ravo rinokosha nderokubatsira uye kuperekedza baba vevamwari pakuvhima.
Semukuru wevamwari veNorse, Odin anogara muAsgard. Anotonga imomo samwari mukuru uye anokosha wedzinza rine simba reAesir mumizinda miviri. Nepo imba yamambo inomubatira pamusoro pezvose kuti ave nechiono chenyika yose uye kukwanisa kuona zvinoitika kubva pakugara kwake, muzinda wechipiri unomushumira kusangana nevamwe vamwari.
Zvakare imba yechipiri, Gladsheim, inzvimbo iyo Valhalla iripo. MuValhalla, varwi vevanhu vakawira zvine mbiri muhondo vanoungana mushure mekufa kwavo kuti vapemberere pamwe chete nevamwari uye vagadzirire hondo yekupedzisira. Nekuda kwevarwi vakafa vakaungana muValhalla, Odin aizivikanwawo sa "mwari wevakafa" uye ainyanya kuremekedzwa nekuyemurwa nemaVikings nekuda kwechido chake chehondo uye simba rake.
Odin haangotorwa semwari ane mukurumbira mungano dzechiGerman kana dzeNorse, asi akapindawo mulore semunhu ane hunyanzvi. Hunhu hwakawanda hwakasiyana uye hunhu hwakabatanidzwa mumufananidzo wababa vevamwari, izvo zvinonzi kwaari uye zvakanyanya kufunga nyaya pamusoro pake. Odin ndiye, kune rumwe rutivi, mwari wehondo uye heroic rufu, asiwo ane mano uye anonyengera mwari wemashiripiti neuchenjeri.
Odin, uyo anowanzo kuratidzirwa somudzungairi nemhaka yokuti akafamba asingazivikanwi pakati pavanhu navamwari kuti adzidze nyaya dzavo, anobatanidza zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana. Ndiye mukuru wavamwari akachenjera uye ane simba, uyewo mwari wehondo anotyisa uye ane simba; yakaenzana uye inonyengera. Kunyange zvazvo ainamatwa nevakawanda nokuda kwesimba rake uye unyanzvi hwokurwa, vamwe vaimuona semanyuko ezivo nouchenjeri uye aidzungaira achitsvaka zivo nemhinduro.
Thor mwari wekutinhira
Mwari wekutinhira Thor anoonekwa semumwe wevamwari vakakosha veNorse. Nevamwari veGermany vari panyika, "kutinhira" kunozivikanwawo se "Donar". Sababa vake Odin, Thor munhu ane mativi mazhinji uye anopihwa mabasa akasiyana siyana uye mabasa mutsika nezvinyorwa zveNorse mythology. Kune rimwe divi, igamba rakangwara uye mwari wehondo, kune rumwe rutivi, ndiyewo mwari wemamiriro ekunze nemabhanan'ana uye nekudaro akakosha, kunyanya kune vanhu vanofamba mugungwa vakaita seVikings.
Saizvozvovo, nekuda kwehushingi hwake uye simba rake remuviri uye simba, Thor anoonekwa seakavimbika mudziviriri wevamwari kubva kuhofori dzechando. Zvisinei, kumapoka evanhu vasingafariri hondo, Thor akanga ari mufananidzo wekusachinja-chinja uye kuvimbika, aionekwa seakatendeseka uye akatwasuka uye ainamatwa nevagari vomuGermany, kunyanya mubasa rake samwari wezvinomera.
Pamusoro pesando yake ine mukurumbira Mjöllnir, Thor anonziwo nezvimwe zvinhu zvakagadzirwa, semuenzaniso anowanzo kuratidzwa samwari wemamiriro ekunze mumotokari yake ine zvombo. Ngoro inodhonzwa nembudzi dzake mbiri. Kana Thor achityaira ari mumotokari yake ine zvombo, anowanzo pfeka simbi uye bhandi remashiripiti rinomupa simba rakawanda kupfuura raanotova naro.
Thor ane simba aive muvengi aityiwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwesimba rake uye kutsamwa kusingadzoreki. Aive mwari ane ruzivo rwehondo nehondo, simba rake repanyama raiwedzerwa nemashiripiti akaitwa, Mjöllnir nebhandi rake rine simba remashiripiti. Pamusoro pezvo, pakanga paine humiro hwakaoma hwemwanakomana waOdin: Thor akadzivirira zvinangwa zvake zvakazara nekusimba uye shungu, asi akarwirawo kusvika kumagumo kuti zviitwe uye haana kugara achienderera mberi zvakanaka.
Akakurumidza kuwana mukurumbira somurwi anotyisa uye akaoma muhondo, sezvo akanga akazadzwa nokuparadza kusingagumi. Thor aivewo nemukurumbira nekuda kwezvishuwo zvake, zvichimubvumira kuti adye nzombe yese ari ega uye kukunda vamwe vese pamapati makuru nezvizhinji zvake zvekudya.
Padivi paThor painyanya kuve naLoki ane hunyanzvi, aingorembera pabhandi guru raThor. Thor naLoki vaive vakasiyana, asi zvakare vaisaparadzaniswa. Nguva zhinji Thor aifanira kuita zvirongwa izvo Loki akangwara uye ane njere aive aronga nekuda kwehukuru hwake hwepanyama. Loki paakazopedzisira ava mutengesi wevamwari veNorse uye akazvibatanidza nevavengi vavo vakuru, hofori dzechando dzinotyisa, iyi yaive imwe yekuodzwa mwoyo kukuru kwamwari wekutinhira Thor.
Zvichida chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chinonzi Thor, mwari wekutinhira, inyundo yake ine simba uye yemashiripiti Mjöllnir. Ndiye mucherechedzo wezvose zviri zviviri simba rokusika nerokuparadza uye akaperekedza Mwari ane simba muhondo dzose nomukurwa kwose. Semutakuri wayo, sando inewo zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvisinganzwisisike zvinonzi zvakabva pairi mutsika dzakasiyana. Kune rumwe rutivi inoparadza, ine simba uye yakakura, kune rumwe rutivi ihwo hupenyu hunopa hupenyu hwekubereka, kuvandudzwa uye mufaro.
Loki
Loki akadzika munhoroondo yetsika semufananidzo weparadigmatic wemunyengeri: akangwara, ane hungwaru, uye anonyengera, anoziva nzira yekukwevera tambo kumashure sehuropi husingazivikanwe, kushandisa vanhu nevamwari sezvinodiwa, uye kuvashandisa nekuda kwezvinangwa zvake. .zvinangwa.
Nechekare nekutarisa mhuri yake, hunhu hwaLoki hunopesana uye basa risinganzwisisike raanoita mukati mewebhu rehukama pakati pevamwari veNorse rinova pachena: kunyangwe Loki ari mumwe weaces uye anogona kutora nzvimbo yake yekusingaperi muvamwari Nordic, anobva anovava. Vavengi veAesir naVanir: Baba vake Farbauti naamai vake Laufney hofori. Nekudaro, anokosheswa uye anogamuchirwa nemaace nekuda kwehuchenjeri hwake hwehunyanzvi uye zvirongwa zvake zvehunyengeri.
Kunyanya ane simba Odin uye mwari ane simba wekutinhira Thor seakangwara Loki. Odin inotogadzira hukama hwepedyo kuburikidza nehukama hweropa, iyo inofanirwa kutsiva hukama hwakarasika. Loki anoitawo basa risinganzwisisike mukati mevamwari veAesir: zvichienderana nekufunga kwake, dzimwe nguva anozendamira imwe nzira uye dzimwe nguva imwe, achibatsira kana kukuvadza sezvaanoda. Anobatsira Thor, kune rumwe rutivi, kudzoreredza nyundo yake Mjöllnir kubva kuvavengi, kune rumwe rutivi, ndiye ane mhosva yezvinoitika gadziriro dzekuwa kwevamwari.
Kunyangwe Loki zvakare aine hukama nevamwe vakadzi veAesir uye vana baba, vana vaakaberekerwa negiantess Angrboda vanhu vanotyisa muNorse mythology uye vanotyisa muViking nyaya: vanakomana vatatu vaLoki vakashatirwa.
Vazukuru vamwari vane mano vanosanganisira nyoka ine utsinye yeMidgard, mwarikadzi werufu uye mutongi wepasi, Hel, uye mhumhi huru Fenris. Midgard Nyoka uye Fenris Wolf, kunyanya, vanoita basa rinokosha muGötterdämmerung: vanomiririra kuparadzwa kwevamwari vaviri vane simba uye shamwari mbiri dzepedyo Thor naOdin.
Sezvo Thor naMidgard Nyoka vachiurayana mukusangana kwavo kwekupedzisira, Fenris ane hukasha anodya musoro wevamwari veNorse, Odin. Asi kusanzwisisana kwechimiro chake kwakajekawo nevana vaLoki, nokuti zvizvarwa zvavo hazvisi zvikara zvinounza uori. Sleipnir ane makumbo masere, anofambidzana naOdin muhondo dzose uye anoramba akavimbika parutivi rwake, anobvawo kubva kuLoki uye anopiwa naye kuna baba vevamwari.
Loki inoratidzirwa pamusoro pezvose nenyaya yekuti anoshandisa huchenjeri hwake hwemanomano kugadzira zvirongwa zvakaipa uye, pamusoro pezvose, anoziva kuita mukufarira kwake. Asi iye zvakare akadzika munhoroondo yeViking segamba retsika anoshandisa hunyengeri hwake kugadzira mambure ekuredza: nenzira iyi, anofambisa hove, izvo zvakakosha zvakanyanya kune vanhu vanofamba mugungwa seVikings.
MaAse, akabva kuhofori, anonziwo munhu anochinja-chinja, anogona kutora chitarisiko nechimiro chemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana sezvinodiwa uye pamadiro, nokudaro ofamba nenzira yake asingaonekwi. Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, Loki murongi anoshanda sechipangamazano ane hunyanzvi uye anokunda vavengi, semuenzaniso kutora sando yemashiripiti yaThor Mjöllnir; panguva imwecheteyo, anogara achizvibatanidza neAesir uye kuburikidza nezviito zvake anounza kuwa kwevamwari vekuchamhembe kubva kudenga.
balder
Pakati pevamwari veNorse, Balder ndiye mwari wechiedza, kururamisira uye kunaka uye anoonekwa semunhu wezuva. Ndiye mwanakomana waOdin, hama dzake ndiHermodhi naHöder. Balder ndiye munyoro wevamwari. Paanourayiwa nehunyengeri hwaLoki, Ragnarok anoswedera pedyo.
Buri
Buri anonzi tateguru wevamwari vese, akananzva kubva muaizi nemhou yekutanga yainzi Audhumla. Pazuva rokutanga bvudzi rake rakaonekwa, kechipiri musoro wake uye pakupedzisira wechitatu muviri wake wose. Mwanakomana wake Börr akaroora hofori yechirume uye akaita nayo vanakomana Odin, Vili naVe.
Mutongi
Tyr kana Teiwaz kana Tiwaz, zvichiteerana, aive mumwe wevamwari vakuru veNorse mungano. MaGermany akashandisawo mazita ekuti Ziu, Tiu, kana kuti Tiuz kuna mwari Tyr. Tyr anoburuka kubva kuhofori uye baba vake ndiHymir "iye rima". Tyr pakutanga aiva mwari mukuru wengano dzevaNorse, maViking aibayira muvengi mumwe nomumwe aiurayiwa kuna mwari wacho muhondo. Nokuita izvi, vaitarisira kuwana nyasha dzaMwari uyu.
Panguva iyoyo varwi vakashongedza minondo yavo namapfumo nemitimi yemumwe mwari. Kana munhu akaurayiwa nebakatwa nepfumo, chibayiro ichi chaiitirwa mwari wacho parune. Mapfumo akawanda nemapakatwa zvakawanikwa zvakanga zvakanyorwa nenziyo dzeTire. Ichi ndicho chikonzero iko zvino zvave kufungidzirwa kuti pakutanga aive mwari mukuru pakati pevamwari veViking. Zvakare, izwi rechiGerman rekuti Ziu rinofanira kuenzaniswa naZeus (mwari mukuru wevaGiriki) uye Jupiter (mwari mukuru wevaRoma) zvinoreva mwari.
Pakutanga, Tyr yainzi mwari wehondo, mwari wematare, magungano, uye kururamisira Zita rechiGerman rokuti Chipiri rinobva pakuti pakutanga rakanga riri zuva rokuungana, kana kuti Tire. Vanhu vepanguva iyoyo vaigara vachinamata Mwari wavainyanya kuzivikanwa naye uye ainyanya kuvimbisa. Panguva apo kurima nekufudza mombe zvaive zvichiri raramo yakakosha muScandinavia, mwari wekururamisira aive akakosha saizvozvo.
Nokuti mugungano, nyika dzakagovewa uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakavimbiswa vanhu. Zvibayiro zvakawanda zvaiitwa kuna mwari akaita kuti izvi zvibvire, kuti arambe achimufarira. Naizvozvo, Tire pamwe rakazova mutongi pakati pavamwari.
Apo mamiriro okunze akachinja mumireniyumu yokutanga uye zvinomera zvokuchamhembe kweEurope zvakaita kuti kurima kubvire, vanhu vakaziva kuti mwari, uyo aivavimbisa nezvenyika isingabereki, akanga asingabatsiri. Panzvimbo pezvo, vaifanira kukurira nyika itsva ndokuwana chokurarama nacho nokupamba nokupamba. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei Odin anonyengera, uyo akaparadzira hondo pakati pevarume kwese kwese, akatanga kuuya kune vahedheni ndokupidigura Tire.
Kudzvinyirirwa kwacho pamwe kwakashandurwa kuita ngano kuti dzinzwisise. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Tyr inonzi yakaedza kubata iyo Fenriswolf. Zvakanga zviri pachena kune vamwari kuti Fenriswolf akaisa dambudziko guru kuvanhu uye nyika yevamwari. Ndiko kusaka zviri zvekuvasunga ngetani. Zvisinei, gava rakanga rakasimba zvekuti rakangodambura cheni dzose. Naizvozvo, vanamwari vakaita cheni isingadambuki, Gleipnir.
Vamwari pavakaedza kusunga mhumhi, yakaramba. Tyr akavimbisa chikara kuti aizobvisa cheni ipapo ipapo. Somuedzo wokuvimbika kwake, Tyr akaisa ruoko rwake rworudyi mumuromo wemhumhi. Mushure mekunge cheni yaiswa mutsoka yemhumhi, hapana akafunga kubvisa simbi iyi zvakare. Sechirango chenhema dzake, Fenriswolf akaruma ruoko rwamwari Tyr. Kubva ipapo, Tire rave riri mwari ane ruoko rumwe.
Muhondo yekupedzisira, Ragnarok, Tyr, Thor, Freyr, naOdin vakabuda kunze kwemagedhi eValhalla pamwe chete. Tyr akarwa muhondo nehellhound Garm, akarinda humambo hweHel. Mwari akauraya imbwa yacho, asi iye pachake akafa. Kufanana nemwari mukuru Odin anogonawo kuwanikwa muRagnarok.
Nekuti Odin anorwa naFenriswolf, uyo anofanira kunge ari mhandu yeTire. KuTire kwaingova nehellhound yakasara, iyo inogona kuonekwa semhando yekushaya simba kwemhumhi. Ichi chitsauko chekupedzisira chengano dzeNorse chinopa humwe humbowo hwekuti Tyr naOdin vaifanirwa kuenzaniswa kana kuti zita rekuti Odin pakutanga raingova rimwe zita reTire, rakapihwa rondedzero yaro kwemazana emakore.
Heimdall
Heimdall aive mumwe wevamwari vakuru veNorse neGerman mungano. Basa rake raive rekuchengetedza bifrost. Iri zambuko remuraraungu, raibatanidza nzvimbo yavanhu yeMidgard navamwari veAsgard, raifanira kudzivirirwa. Nokuti maererano nechiporofita chemuoni Volva (Volüspa), kuguma kwenyika, Ragnarok, kuchauya nokukurumidza apo giant moto Surt inoparadza bhiriji.
Heimdall akaberekerwa nehanzvadzi pfumbamwe hofori, anonzi mafungu. Mafungu vanasikana vegungwa guru Aegir, avo vaiva verudzi rwekare. Nekuda kweizvozvo, madzitateguru aHeimdall akura kupfuura evamwe vamwari veAesi. Heimdall inoonekwawo seakachenjera zvakanyanya uye anoziva zvese. Ichi chivakwa hachinawo chimiro chevamwari vehondo veAesi, asi chinoenderana nevamwari vekare veWanen, yaivepowo munyika yeNorse yengano.
Pamusoro pezvo, Heimdall akapihwa mashura ekuziva. Saka aifanira kunge akamera uswa nemakushe. Nemaziso ake aiona nyika yose. Izvi zvakamubvumira kuona zvose zviri kuitika munyika pfumbamwe. MuEdda anoti:
“Zvinonzi mungano dzekare mumwe wemadzishe, zita rake ainzi Heimdall, akauya kumahombekombe egungwa ari munzira. Ikoko akawana imba uye yakanzi Ríg». Saizvozvo, Heimdall akazvishandura kana kuzvinyengedza segomba uye akasvika dzimba nhatu mumusha. Pasi pezita rekodhi Rig, akagadzira kirasi yemagariro muimba yega yega: yevaranda, varimi, nemachinda. Mune tsika yeNorse, Heimdall ndiye mwari akasika hurongwa hwemagariro.
Anofanira kunge akaita basa iri asati asvika kuAsgard, nzvimbo yavamwari. Nokuti mushure mekupinda kwake mumhuri yeAesir, akanyatsomira pabhiriji zuva rega rega uye akaridzivirira. Aigara muAsgard nevamwe vamwari vese veAesir uye muzinda wake, Himinbjörg, waiva pedyo neRainbow Bridge.
Loki akanga ari mwari anonyengera wengano dzeNorse. Aigarawo pakati pevamwari veAesi uye pakutanga aive nemukurumbira wakanaka. Asi pakupedzisira zvinonzi Loki akatungamirira kuguma kwenyika, hondo yekupedzisira yeRagnarok, uye yakarwa nevamwari nevanhu. Zvisinei, izvozvo zvisati zvaitika, zvinonzi aigara achisora vanamwari uye akatanga mazano. Imwe nyaya inotaura nezvechokwadi chekuti akaba maketeni, Brisingamen, kubva kuna mwarikadzi akaisvonaka Freya. Heimdall, aigara achiona zvese, akaona mhosva uye akadzingirira Loki.
Loki anonzi akasvetuka mugungwa, akachinjwa kuva chisimbiso, ndokutizira kuchitsuwa. Heimdall, uyo akazokurira mugungwa, akasvetuka achimutevera. Akabva adzingirira Loki, zvakare muchimiro chechisimbiso, kuchitsuwa. Vamwari vose vari vaviri vakarwa pachitsuwa ichi, vachiri sezvisimbiso. Maererano nengano, Heimdall anonzi akakunda kurwa, asi, pakukumbira kwaOdin, akaponesa Loki. Heimdall akabva adzosa necklace yakakosha kuna Freya.
Semazuva ese, Heimdall akarinda Bifrost Bridge. Paakaona mahofori, achitungamirirwa naLoki, achiswedera, muongorori akaridza hwamanda yake yeGjallar uye kubva pamagedhi eValhalla kwakauya Odin, Thor naTyr, achiteverwa nevarwi vakawa. The vigilante Heimdall akazopinda muhondo pachake. Nokuti muhondo akasangana nemuvengi wake wekare Loki. Vakarwa vese vari vaviri vachiurayana.
Assin
VaAsins vakanaka uye vamwarikadzi vakuru padivi peAesir. Pamusoro pemagamba echirume ane simba uye akaedzwa nehondo, ishe anosanganisirawo vamwarikadzi vakuru uye vanoshamisa, maasin.
Muwadhiropu
Hela mwanasikana waLoki nemudiwa wake, hofori yeAngrboda. Vanun'una vake ndiMidgard Nyoka uye Fenriswolf. Hafu yeHela inotsanangurwa seine ganda rakajairika uye imwe hafu yakasvava yebhuruu nedema. Mune mamwe maratidziro achangoburwa anoratidzwa akashata kwazvo uye anotyisa semuroyi.
Aivewo nerutivi rwakanaka: vanhu vakaipa chete ndivo vaizotambura muHelheim, nyika yepasi peGerman. Kune dzakanaka, pakanga paine makona anotonhorera kwawaigona kushivirira. Saka Helheim haigoni kufananidzwa negehena rechiKristu, nokuti vose vasingaparare muhondo vanouya kuHelheim.
Chipfuyo chake ndiGarm the hellhound. Muranda wake ndiGanglot uye muranda Ganglat. Hela akashongedzerwa nebanga reSultr. Anogara muimba yaEljudnir (nhamo) ine gonhi Fallan aforad (ngozi). Anodya paHungr (nzara) table. Anorara pamubhedha weKor (bhokisi), seri kweketeni reBlikjandabol (dambudziko). Hela akakurira muAsgard. Vamwe vamwari vakauraya Nyoka yeMidgard ndokusunga maFenris. Vakabva vadzinga hanzvadzi yake huru, Hera, nokuti vaitya kutsiva kwake. Saka Hera akavamba nzvimbo yevakafa pasi pemidzi yemuti wenyika.
frigg
Frigg (anonzi Frija nemadzinza eGermany) ndiye mudzimai akavimbika wamwari mukuru Odin. Naye ane vanakomana vana uye Valkyries sevanasikana. Nepo maNorth Germany aisiyanisa Freya (mwarikadzi worudo) naFrigg (mwarikadzi weroorano; mudzimai waOdin), Freya anoratidzika kuva akanga ari mwarikadzi asinganyanyozivikanwi kumarudzi eGermany omunyika. Hunhu hwaFreya hunokosha (runako, kukwezva zvepabonde, kubereka) zvakanzi naFrigg.
Nekuda kwekufanana pakati pezita rake rekuSouth Germanic Frija naFreya, kune kumwe kuvhiringidzika kuri kuenderera nanhasi. Frigg anogara mufensal yake (swamp palace) muAsgard uye anoruka. Zvigadzirwa zvavo zvekuruka zvinogona kuonekwa semakore kuvanhu veMidgard. Kunyange kana Frigg akaita basa rinokosha semudzimai wamwari mukuru uye airemekedzwa nevaTeutons, haataurirwi kakawanda mundima dzaEdda (vadetembi vangave vakawana Freya ane ruzha zvakanyanya kunakidza).
Freya
Baba vake ndimwari wegungwa Njörd uye amai vake ndiye giantess Skadi. Anobva kuna vamwari veVanes. Freya ndimwarikadzi wemusango, ane hupombwe uye ane njere. Inomiririra runako, kubereka, zvepabonde, asiwo goridhe, hondo nemashiripiti. Freya anomiririra rudo, sezvinoratidzwa nengano inotevera kubva kuna Edda: Kana murume wake akamusiya rwendo rurefu, Freya haakwanisi kutsungirira uye anochema misodzi yegoridhe inowira pasi seamber. Freya ane ma bobcats maviri, ayo aanoshandisawo semhuka dzekudhonza mota yake. Anewo mhuka yemusango Hilisvini, yaanotasva.
Freya anogona kubhururuka nejasi refalcon. Aifanira kubhadhara mutengo wezvishongo zvemhepo zvaanopfeka muhuro make mumitambo yakawanda uye zvinomuita tsvarakadenga uye kupenya: Akapedza "husiku hwerudo" nemumwe wevadiki vana vakagadzira zvidimbu. Marudzi eSouth Germanic haaratidzike kuva aiziva Freya, kana kuti panzvimbo pezvo, ainamata Frigg naFreya samwarikadzi.
Mumavhesi eEdda, zvisinei, Freya anonzi mwarikadzi anozivikanwa zvikuru. Zvakare, mazita mazhinji enzvimbo muScandinavia anogona kuteverwa kumashure kumazita avo. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti ainamatwa uye zita rake rinounza rombo rakanaka.
sif
Sif ari, pakati pevamwari veNorse, mukadzi kana shamwari yaThor. NaThor ane mwanasikana anonzi Thrud. Mumutauro wekare weNorse, Sif zvinoreva hama kana hama. Maererano nengano dzekuchamhembe, Sif anonzi anga aine bvudzi refu refu. Aive clairvoyant ane masimba emashiripiti, ndosaka kwaakabva kusiri muvamwari veAce. Mukuroora kwake Thor, akabereka mwanakomana ainzi Uller. Ane uta, Uller akanga ari mwari wokuvhima, wechando, uye wokutsvedza pasi.
Rimwe zuva, Loki akaenda kwaari ndokugera bvudzi rake. Thor aive akatsamwa zvekuti aitoda kuuraya tsotsi ipapo. Asi Loki akavimbisa kuti raingove jee uye aida kuve nechokwadi chekuti Sif awana vhudzi rake zvakare. Akaenda kumadzviti ndokuzvigadzirira wigi regoridhe chairo. Madzviti ainzwisisa kutengeserana kwavo zvakanyanya zvekuti bvudzi regoridhe raisakwanisa kusiyaniswa nebvudzi chairo.
Nekuti bvudzi regoridhe raSif raive rakatetepa uye rakapfava uye rakapfava zvekuti raizununguka nemhepo. Nokudaro, hapana aigona kusiyanisa bvudzi regoridhe kubva kune vhudzi chairo. Zvakare, sekunge nemashiripiti, wigi yakawana zvimwe zvivakwa. Nekuti mumusoro maSif wigi yakava imwe naye uye bvudzi regoridhe rakamera sebvudzi chairo.
Hapana zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa nezve Sif. Kunze kwekuti aive mudzimai waThor, akaunza mwanakomana wavo muwanano, nevhudzi rake rakanaka, hapana chimwe chakanyorwa muEdda. Ndokusaka Sif achisiya nzvimbo yakawanda yekufungidzira uye kududzira.
Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanotenda kuti vhudzi raSif raimiririra kuibva kweminda yegorosi uye ivhu rinorimwa. Vanhu venguva iyoyo vaidzinamata nokuda kwokukura kwebvudzi, iro raizununguswa nemhepo, sezviyo mumunda. Somugumisiro, angadai ari mwarikadzi wembereko kana kuti mukuru. Mwanakomana wake Uller, uyo aionekwa samwari wechando, saka aizomiririra nguva yakatevera Sif.
Zvinogonekawo kuti Sif nevhudzi rake regoridhe vaionekwa sezviratidzo zvemaranzi ezuva. Kunyange zvakadaro, mwanakomana wake Uller aizove anopikisa kana mhedzisiro yemusikirwo. Kana iwe ukatarisa kushandiswa kwezwi rezwi rekuti "sif", rinobvumira kutowedzera kududzira. Nekuti mazwi akaita setsvina (versifft) kana gritty (siffig) anoreva kusvibiswa.
Nokuda kweizvi, vamwe vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanotenda kuti kugera bvudzi kunofanira kunge kwaiva rudzi rwekusvibisa kunaka. Munhau yose yorudzi rwomunhu, vakadzi vave vachiveurwa kakawanda, somuenzaniso, pavakatanga kuita upombwe. Izvi zvakavazvidza uye zvakavaratidza. Zvichida mavambo echirango ichi ari mungano yeSif.
Vanir
Vanir vanoonekwa sevakuru vevamwari vaviri veNorse, nzvimbo yavo yekugara iVanaheim. Boka diki rinoumbwa zvakanyanya nevamwari vekubereka uye mweya yerudo-inoda rugare, iyo Vanir inoonekwa seine basa rekuchengetedza nekutarisira munda uye moto wemba.
freyr
Freyr kana Frey ndiye mwari weNorse wekubereka. Aionekwa semumwe wevamwari vakuru veAsgard, kunyangwe Frey achinyatsobva kuVanir mhuri yevamwari. Pakati pavamwari veNorse ane nzvimbo inokosha nokuti vanhuwo zvavo, vakanga vasiri varwi, vaimunamata. Kukudza Freyr, mhemberero dzakaitwa muViking neGermany madzinza uye zvipo zvakaitwa. Munyoro Freyr aive nesimba pamusoro pezuva nemvura, aivewo mutongi wehumambo hweAlfheim panguva imwe chete.
Asi Freyr aionekwawo semurwi mukuru. Munondo wake wemashiripiti waigona kurwa wega uye waityiwa pakati pehofori. Pakupedzisira, kufa kwaFreyr kungavewo kufa kuRagnarök. Chaizvoizvo, Freyr aive mwari wemhuri yeVanir.
MuHondo yeVan akarwa pamwe chete nababa vake Njörd vachipesana naOdin naAsgard, asi nhapwa dzakatsinhaniswa pakupera kwehondo. Ikoku kunofanira kusimbisa kubatana kwavamwari vaviri, uyezve, kwakavimbiswa kuti kuvhengana kwemhuri dzose dzavamwari kwaizodzivisa dzimwe hondo. Freyr akauya kuAsgard nababa vake Njörd uye mapatya ake Freya. Kubva ipapo akagara pakati pevamwari veAesir uye chikamu chakakosha cheNorse kurongeka kwevamwari.
Ngano yaFreyr inonyanya kutenderera pakuda Gerda. Gerda ihofori iyo Frey akaona rimwe zuva ari pachigaro chepamusoro cheHlidskjalf icho chaicho chiri chigaro chaOdin, kubva kwaanogona kuona nyika yese. Mushure mokunge Frey akwira pachigaro chepamusoro, akakwanisawo kuona nyika yose. Maziso ake akasvika kuRiesenheim, kwaakaona musikana akanaka. Zvinonzi Freyr akadanana neiyo giantess yakanaka ipapo.
Nekuda kwekuti hofori nemaace vaive vavengi venyama kubva pakutanga kwenguva, zvaive zvisingaite kuti asangane nemudiwa wake. Sezvo Freyr akawedzera kunyarara, baba vake, Njörd, vakaziva mafungiro emwanakomana wavo uye vakamubvunza pamusoro pekugumbuka kwake. Asi Freyr akanzvenga mubvunzo. Njörd haana kugutsikana neizvi uye akaisa muranda Skinir muFreyr. Skirnir, kana Skinir, akanga ari muranda akatendeka muimba yeAesir, aionekwa semubatsiri akavimbika uyo akatumirwa kune zvakasiyana-siyana.
Skirnir aionekwa semuranda akatendeka uye Freyr aive nehukama hwechokwadi hwekuvimba uye ushamwari naye. Muranda wacho paakabvunza kuti nei Freyr aingoda kuve ari ega achingozununguka achitenderedza Asgard, akareurura kuti akaona mhandara muRiesenheim ndokudanana naye, akati aive mwanasikana wehofori Gymir, zita rake ndiGerda uye. akanaka. Uye zveshuwa aizivawo kuti rudo urwu hazvaigona. Ruvengo pakati peaces nehofori rwakanga rwakanyanya kwazvo kune izvozvo.
Uye zvinhu zvose izvi zvakamushungurudza zvokuti haana kutsvaka shamwari kana chimwe chinhuwo zvacho. Skinir akataura kuti aida kuenda kuRiesenheim uye kuhwina Gerda panzvimbo yaFrey. Zvisinei, kuti aite izvi, aizoda bhiza nebakatwa, kushuva kwaFrey kwakanga kwakakura zvokuti akamupa bhiza rake nemashiripiti bakatwa. Saka muranda Skinir akabva usiku ihwohwo.
Murindiri akagara pamagedhi echivanze cheGyrim, fenzi yakaapoteredza yaivharira mukova. Sokunge zvipingamupinyi izvi zvakanga zvisina kukwana, imbwa dzinotyisa dzakanga dzakasungirirwa pafenzi. Sezvineiwo, muranda aive nebhiza remashiripiti raFreyr semufambidzani. Bhiza rinozvikudza rakayambuka zvipingamupinyi zvese nekusungwa kamwe chete uye Skinir yaive mukati meGryrim's estate. Gerda paakaona ruzha panze, akatuma mushandi kuti aone kuti chii chaikonzera nyonganyonga yacho. Gerda akashamiswa zvikuru apo muranda akadzoka nechikumbiro chaSkirnir.
Uye saka, Gerda akapinza muranda wamwari Frey. Akaramba zvese zvaaipihwa naSkinir nekuti aive hofori uye aisada kuroorwa namwari. Skirnir akaedza nekutyisidzira. Asi kunyange kutyisidzira kuti aizomuuraya hakuna kukwanisa kuchinja hofori yacho. Saka akatendeukira kune yekupedzisira sarudzo: zvitsinga uye kutukwa. Akavimbisa Gerda kuti aizogara padombo riri roga uye achatambudzwa nezvikara, kana asina kutora Freyr semurume wake. Gerda akadedera zvinooneka netyisidziro iyi kana kuti kutuka.
Akanga asingadi kusangana nenjodzi iyi mumamiriro ezvinhu chero ipi zvayo uye pakupedzisira akabvuma kuroorwa naFreyr mumazuva mapfumbamwe. Skinir akatasva bhiza achidzokera kuna tenzi wake, achifadzwa nemhedzisiro iyi. Frey aifarira kuroora kwaGerda zvekuti akapa Skinir bhiza nebakatwa. Asi vamwari vakatadza zvakare nokuda kweroorano yokumanikidzirwa. Kupokana pakati peaces nehofori kwakatowedzera. Frey anofanira kubhadhara kukanganisa uku nehupenyu hwake.
Ragnarök ndiyo rubvunzavaeni rwevamwari, iyo inonyanya kukosha hondo. Kuna Freyr, zvakare, magumo akanyorwa. Nekuti kuRagnarök Freyr anosangana nehofori yemoto Surt. Frey zvimwe angadai akamira mukana chaiwo kurwisa hofori yakaipa nebakatwa rake, asi sezvo akanga apa bakatwa kumuranda wake Skirnir, rakanga risina simba pamusoro peSurt. Pakupedzisira, akakundwa nehofori yemoto uye akaurayiwa nayo.
Sarudza
Wali kana Vali izita ramwari wekutsiva pakati pevamwari veNorse. Zita rokuti Vali rinowanikwa kaviri uye nguva dzose iri chiito cheune chekutsiva nevamwari. Idzi nyaya dzeVali vaviri dzinoratidza zvakajeka kuti vamwari veNorse vakanamatira sei pakutsiva kwavo. Nhaka Yekutsiva inomira kumusoro kwemhuri, yakakosha kupfuura hushamwari nerudo uye inotsanangura kuti sei kutsiva kuchionekwa zvakare munyika yeNorse yengano uye ichiita basa repakati.
Mwanakomana waOdin Balder akaurayiwa. Zvisinei, muurayi aiva Hödur, uyo aivawo mwanakomana waOdin uye mukoma waBalder. Kupondwa kwacho kwakaitika nokusaziva nokuti Hödur akanga ari bofu. Balder aionekwa seasingabviri uye saka vamwari vakapfura, vakamurova uye vakamubaya, vachifarira kuti Balder akanga asingatapuki. Hödur, samwari bofu, akamira mukona ndokuteerera chiono. Akabva akurudzirwa namwari ane mano Loki kuti apfure museve kumukoma wake.
Vamwe vamwari vose, kusanganisira Odin, vakatopfura paBalder. Zvino Hödur bofu akatakurwawo. Zvisinei, Hödur aisaziva kuti museve uyu wakanga wakagadzirwa nemistletoe. Aisazivawo kuti mistletoe ndiyo yega yaigona kuuraya Balder. Asingafungi kuti hapana chinhu, akapfura munun’una wake ndokumuuraya. Odin akapika kutsiva kumwanakomana wake. Aive asina basa nazvo kuti chiitiko ichi chaive netsaona here kana kuti kwete. Aifanira kutsiva, zvimwe basa iri raizomudya kweupenyu hwake hwose.
Iye pachake, mudzimai wake kana vana vake havana kukwanisa kuuraya Hödur nokuti vaiva neukama naye. Nekuti izvi zvaizongogadzira chisungo chitsva chekutsiva, kwavaisagona kutiza kubva. Saka Odin akanga achitsvaka wokuroorana naye akakodzera akanga asina ukama naHödur. Sarudzo yake yakawira pana mwarikadzi Rind, uyo akanga asina ukama hwemhuri nebofu Hödur. Odin aiva neRind uye akabereka mwanakomana ainzi Wali naye.
Wali akava murume akanaka mune rimwe zuva uye Odin akazivisa kutsiva kwake kwaari. Saka Wali akatama ndokutsvaga Hödur, mukoma wake amai. Paakazomuwana akavanda mubako, akamupfura neuta nemuseve. Zvino Wali akasunungurwa kubva mukutsiva kwake, kodzero yake yekurarama uye aigona kugara pakati pavamwari. Hutsinye hwevamwari hwakaunza Ragnarok pedyo zvakanyanya. Wali uye zvakare mukoma wake Vidar vakapona Ragnarok.
Zita rokuti Wali rinooneka kechipiri mungano dzeNorse. Uye zvakare nezve kutsiva paBalder. Nekuti mwanakomana waLoki, waaive naye nemukadzi wake Sigyn, ainziwo Wali. Kana vamwari veNorse vachitsvaga pasi Loki kuti azvidavirire pakufa kwaBalder zvakare, vanoshandura Wali kuita mhumhi. Mhumhi iyi inobva yauraya munun'una wake Narfi, saka mhuri yaLoki yakaurayiwawo. Vanamwari vanoita maketani kubva muura hwemwanakomana kuti vasunge Loki.
Heano mamwe malink aunofarira: