Tinokupa ruzivo rwakakosha nezve vamwari vechiceltic ivo chikamu chenharaunda yemagariro-tsika identity iyo yakasimbiswa pakati pechikamu cheEuropean continent. Ivo iboka revamwari vane simba pamusoro pezvakasikwa uye kugona kunoshamisa kwemunhu. Nechikonzero ichi vanoyemurwa zvakanyanya.Ndinokukumbira kuti uenderere mberi nekuverenga chinyorwa uye udzidze zvakawanda nezveava vamwari vanonakidza veCeltic!
Vamwari veCeltic
Izwi rekuti Celtic izwi raishandiswa kureva vanhu kana boka revanhu vaivepo muIron Age. Vaitaura nemutauro unonzi Celtic rinova rimwe remapazi emitauro yeIndo-European. Ivo vanozivikanwa zvakare seboka remadzinza nzanga kubva kuEuropean kondinendi, iyo yakagovana tsika yavo yezvinhu muIron Age pakati pe1200 kusvika 400 BC.
Ngano dzechiCelt dzakaumbwa nenhamba huru yenyaya dzechitendero chavo uye sezvazvaive zvakajairika panguva iyoyo, maCelt akachengeta ngano yepolytheistic yaive yakavakirwa pane seti yevamwari veCeltic. Kuti vaive zvimiro zvaimiririra simba rechisikwa kana misimboti yemadzitateguru evaCelt.
Kunyange zvazvo nhoroondo inozivikanwa pamusoro pevamwari veCeltic iduku zvikuru, sezvo pasina magwaro akawanda akanyorwa mumutauro weGallic. Nokuti maererano nemaCelt echihedheni vakanga vasina kunyanya kuverenga. Magwaro aripo akanyorwa nechiGiriki, chiLatin, uye Northern Italic alphabet. Mugwaro rakanyorwa nechiGiriki kunotaurwa kuti Mambo Julius Caesar anopupurira kuti vaprista vechiCelt vaDruid, izvo zvaireva kuti akafuridzirwa navamwari vechiCelt.
Mune izvo zvinozivikanwa nezvenyika yeCeltic nevamwari veCeltic, ndezvekuti ivo vaive vasina kubatana mune zvematongerwo enyika, sezvo chikamu chevanhu veCelt chaive chisina kukanganiswa netsika. Ndiko kusaka kwakanga kune miitiro yakasiana-siana yomunzvimbomo pamusoro pechitendero chavanamwari vakawanda chavaiita. Muenzaniso wakajeka ndewokuti vazhinji vevanhu vechiCelt vainamata mwari wechiCelt Lugh (Lug, Lugh kana kuti Lugus), asi kune rumwe rutivi aizivikanwa samwari weRoma.
Kune zvinyorwa zvevanhu veCeltic apo vanopfuura mazana matatu vamwari veCeltic vanozivikanwa. Ava vamwari vakaenzaniswa navamwari veRoma, avo vakapukunyuka kuva vanomirira zvikuru savamwari vomunzvimbomo, uye vainamatwa zvikuru.
Nekudaro, parizvino vamwari veCeltic chikamu chakakosha chehunhu netsika zvakavambwa munharaunda yepakati peEuropean kondinendi, kusanganisira mamwe matunhu ekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, sezvo vakave nekubatana kukuru nevaRoma neveCeltiberian. uye nenzira iyi vanamwari vechiCelt vakabatanidzwa nevamwe vamwari vachisimbisa zvisikwa uye vamwari vanopomerwa nemashiripiti.
Vamwari vakuru veCeltic
Sezvakatsanangurwa kare, vaCelt vaiva boka revanhu vasina kuramba vakarongeka, kwaiva nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana aipira zvibayiro nemitambo kune vamwari vakasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kuti pave neboka revanamwari vechiCelt vatichatsanangura zvakakosha mu present Article:
Mwari Dagda "Mwari Akanaka"
Muvanhu vechiCelt, sezvo kune vamwari vakawanda vechiCelt, mumwe wavamwari vanonamatwa zvikuru ndimwari anozivikanwa zvikuru Dagda, zvinoreva kuti mwari akanaka. Anorangarirwa saMwari anokosha zvikuru wavamwari vechiCelt, sezvo ari Mwari anokurudzira wezvakanaka uye achigona kubata mashiripiti, anewo kunyengera kukuru uko vamwarikadzi kana kuti vanhu havagoni kudzivisa.
Dagda Mwari aive nhengo yakakosha kwazvo munharaunda yeTuatha Dé Danann, boka revamwari kubva kuIreland, aive mumwe wevamwari veCeltic aifarira zvikuru vakadzi, ndokusaka akanyengera vamwarikadzi nevakadzi vevanhu. Hukama uhwo Dagda Mwari vanozivikanwa nahwo hwaive naMorrigan, mwarikadzi weCeltic werufu nekuparadza. Uyu mwarikadzi akanga avimbisa kupa rusununguko kuvanhu vaDagda Mwari mukutsinhana norudo rwake rusingaperi.
Humwe hukama hwerudo hunozivikanwa hwaDagger God ndihwo hwaaive naye nemukuwasha wake, mwarikadzi Boann, aive akaroorwa nemukoma wake Elcmar. Mushure mekupedza nguva namwarikadzi, akava nepamuviri uye akaita mwana wake wekutanga aizivikanwa saAngus, Mwari werudo nehudiki.
Dagda Mwari aive mukuru weTuatha Dé Danann, kwenguva yakareba uye akabatanidzwa muhondo dzinoverengeka dzekurwisa maFomorian, uto remadhimoni makuru uye akaremara, madhimoni aya aive ekutanga vagari veIreland. Asi mushure mekugara muhondo dzisingaperi vanhu veDagger God vakakundwa nevanakomana vaMilesius, mushure mekukundwa uku akadzingwa nemaMilesian vaive vagari vekupedzisira veIreland.
Pakati pezvinhu zvakakosha uye masimba ane Dagda Mwari, ndewekuti aive nekirabhu hombe kana kirabhu yemashiripiti, yaaigona kutora hupenyu hwevavengi vake nekukwanisa kumutsa vakafa. Nenzira imwecheteyo Mwari Dhagidha pasi pesimba rake akanga ane gate raigona kupa vanhu vake zvakawanda uye hapana aigona kuguta. Icho chiratidzo chakanyanya mukurumbira mune Celtic mythology.
Nenzira imwe cheteyo akanga ane rudimbwa rwomuoki rwaaigona kudzora narwo mwaka, pamwe chete nokukwanisa kududzira makunaku nemigumisiro yamashiripiti, iyi rudimbwa yaizivikanwa nezita rekuti Uaithne.
Ndiyewo Mwari anoremekedzwa zvikuru wevapristi vechiCelt vanozivikanwa seDruids. (vanhu vakafuridzirwa nevamwari veCeltic) Muvanhu vechiCelt Mwari Dagda anoonekwa senhengo yeboka remupristi mukuru, sezvo ari tenzi wezvinhu, kushopera, mimhanzi uye pamusoro pezvose murwi mukuru. Zvese izvi hunhu zvichave zvevamwari veCeltic.
Mwari Sucellus "Mwari wekurima"
Ndiye mumwe wevamwari vakakosha veCeltic vaivepo kune vanhu ava. Mwari Sucellus anozivikanwa samwari wekurima nekudyara, pamwe naMwari wezvinwiwa zvinodhaka zveGauls. Anonzi zvakare nemishonga yechinyakare yeCeltic uye kuchengetedzwa kwemasango.
Nenzira imwecheteyo mwari weCeltic Sucellus anonzi ane masimba ekuve musiki ane masimba ese mumarudzi echiCelt anozivikanwa saArvernos neBoyos. Uyu mwari anomiririrwa ane muviri wakasimba kwazvo une ndebvu huru kwazvo uye wezera repakati. Anogara akatakura sando hombe kana tsvimbo ine mubato wakareba kwazvo uye mune mamwe anomiririrwa akatakura dhiramu redoro muruoko rwake.
Munyaya dzatinadzo nezvaMwari weCeltic Sucellus, anoshandisa sando yake huru kuti akwanise kurova pasi uye mhodzi imwe neimwe inodyarwa inogona kumera muchirimo kuti ipe goho rakanaka. Kune dzimwe shanduro kwaanoshandisa sando yake huru kuranga vanhu vanoparadza zvirimwa.
Imwe yemafungiro makuru ayo Celtic Mwari Sucellus anayo ndeyekuti vanomubatanidza nekurima uye kukohwa. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu vanomumiririra pamwe chete nemukadzi wake Nantosuelta, vanobatanidzwa nebudiriro munyika yepamba.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, mwari Sucellus anonzi akaumbwa nemadutu nemabhanan'ana, izvo zvinoita kuti afanane naMwari Thor wetsika yeNordic. Sezvo dutu kana kutinhira kunoitika apo Mwari anorova zvakasimba tsvimbo nenyika.
Sezvo ari mumwe wevanonyanya kukosha vamwari veCeltic. Vaprista vechiCelt vanogara vachimuitira zvipiriso sezvo basa rake panyika rakatanhamara zvikuru nokuti kana akarega kuita basa rake, raizounza kuparara kukuru pasi pano, kuchisiya Nyika Inobereka zvibereko isingabereki uye matenga aizoputsika.
Mwari Taranis "Mwari Wekutinhira"
Ndiye mumwe wevamwari veCeltic uyo anomiririra kutinhira pamwe chete neruzha rwakunoburitsa. Kuvanhu vazhinji vevaCelt aizivikanwa saMwari anotinhira. Akakurudzira kutya uye kutya pakati pevanhu, sezvo pakaitika kutinhira kwakakonzera kuparadzwa uye ruzha rwaiitwa nevanhu rwaiva nechokuita nedutu raiuya.
Mumatunhu akadai seGaul, Austrias neRoman Britain. Chipo chakakosha chakabhadharwa kuna Celtic Mwari Tarani. Muchikamu cheAustria ainamatwa zvakanyanya zvekuti kwaive nematunhu anonzi Taranes, Tárano, Tarna neToraño. Achirangarirwa saMwari anodzivirira uye murwi mukuru, anoratidzirwa somufananidzo womurume mukuru ane ndebvu anofamba netsoka kana kuti pabhiza. Anotakurawo muruoko rwake vhiri rinomiririra cosmic vhiri kwaanodzora masikati neusiku.
Kune rumwe rutivi akatakura mufananidzo wemheni, rinova simba rake rokukonzera mheni nokutinhira mumadutu. Kunyangwe ari mwari anomiririra vateveri vazhinji. Inobatanidzwa nezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai sekuparadzwa uye dutu guru rinokonzera kukanganisa kuhuwandu hwevanhu.
Dea Dama "Amai Mwarikadzi"
Iye anozivikanwa mungano dzeCeltic saamai vevamwari veCeltic uye ane nzvimbo yepamusoro padivi paBaba Mwari uye saamai vevamwari vese veCeltic. Mune mamwe manyoro echiCelt asara, mwarikadzi Dea Dama anomiririra vana vatatu.
Muchikamu chayo chekutanga, inomiririrwa semukadzi mwarikadzi (dana), anozobata amai uye kubereka. Chikamu chechipiri mwarikadzi wemusikana (Brígida) uyo achava chiratidzo cherudo nehuduku uye chikamu chechitatu ndechemwarikadzi wekare (Anu), anomiririra rufu, pamwe nekupfuura. Asi muvatatu mune chimiro chakafanana chinova mutsa.
Iye anozivikanwa nezita samwarikadzi Dea Dama, pamwe naAnu kana Ana, rinova zita rake muIreland. Anozivikanwawo saBrigit, anoonekwa saamai mwarikadzi sezvo ari shamwari yamwari Bije wekuIreland. Mwari uyu anozivikanwa saBaba Mwari vedzimwe tsika dzezvitendero.
Muboka revamwari veCeltic, mwarikadzi Dea Dama anomiririrwa semwarikadzi wekubereka, ndiye mai vevamwari vazhinji asi mwanasikana waDagda Mwari anozivikanwa saMwari akanaka. Pamwe chete nevamwe vamwari veCeltic, anomiririra chiedza, zuva uye hupenyu.
Mwarikadzi Dea Dama ndiye anomiririra humai mune yese yeCeltic pantheon, hunhu huna mwarikadzi weCeltic ndehwekuti imvura iri mudenga. Muenzaniso weizvi ndewokuti zita romumwe wevana vake rinotorwa muRwizi rweDanube. Kubereka kwamwarikadzi Dea Dama kune hukama nemateru enzizi. Nokuti mvura yomunzizi inopa upenyu uye inopfumisa nyika, zvichiita kuti ibereke.
Chitendero chinobhadharwa kuna mwarikadzi Dea Dama chakatangwa muzvitendero zvakawanda. Kunyangwe mwarikadzi weCeltic Dea Dama achizivikanwa munzira dzakawanda, anochengeta pfungwa dzake dzakafanana dzechiedza, hupenyu, kubereka, mutsa uye tsitsi.
Mutsika dzekare dzechiCelt zvaive zvakavaomera kugamuchira mwarikadzi Dea Dama samwari wemadzibaba wenguva iyoyo. Asi aifanira kuzivikanwa saamai vavamwari vose. Munguva dzakaoma apo zvirimwa zvakanga zvisina kuitika, jongwe raibayirwa apo hova nhatu dzemvura dzaibatanidzwa, neuyu muitiro kushatirwa kwamwarikadzi kwainyaradza.
Panguva ino, zvibayiro zviri kuitwa kwaari sezvo simba rake rokubereka richizivikanwa zvikuru, zvikurukuru munyika dzinodiwa goho rakanaka.
Mwari Lugh "Mwari weZuva neChiedza"
Kuve mumwe wevanonyanya kukosha vamwari veCeltic muCeltic mythology. Anozivikanwa kuvanhu vakawanda saMwari ane masimba asingagumi, mukuwedzera kukuita mabasa akawanda. Mwari Lugh anozivikanwa samwari mukuru weCeltic Olympus. Anoratidzwa sejaya rakanaka. Nyaya inotaurwa pamusoro pamwari Lugh ndeyokuti akanga ane masimba asingagumi, ari humwari hwezuva remasango.
Zita raMwari Lugh rinomiririra zvakasiyana siyana sekupenya, chena uye neimwe nzira gunguo. Gunguvo rinonzi imhuka inobatanidzwa namwari Lugh apo vanomuperekedza kunzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. SaMwari weCeltic, Lugh akanga akatanhamara zvikuru muzviito zvose zvaakaita. Mambo Julius Caesar haana kukwanisa kuzvibatsira uye akazvienzanisa nemercury yeRoma.
Vanhu vechiCelt vanopemberera mutambo wekuremekedza mwari Lugh, sezvo Mwari Lugh achizivikanwa saMwari weZuva uye anobhadharisa zvirimwa nesimba kuti zviwande. Ndosaka vachibata mapato aizivikanwa se "Lughnasad". Mitambo iyi yaiitwa muchirimo usiku, kuitira kuti mukati mezuva zvibereko nezviyo zvaizotanga kukura uye kukohwa mangwanani.
Mwarikadzi Morrigan "Mukadzi weRima"
Mwarikadzi Morrigan anozivikanwa samwarikadzi werufu nekuparadza. Iripo muhondo uye ine simba rekupinza varwi simba, kutsamwa nechisimba. mwarikadzi Morrigan anozivikanwawo samwari wechishuwo chebonde uye rudo rwechido.
Kuva mwarikadzi anowanikwa mukurwisana kwese kwehondo. Anotora chimiro chegunguo kuti akwanise kubhururuka pamusoro pehondo imwe neimwe, achiisa hasha uye ushingi muvarwi. Mavambo amwarikadzi Morrigan anoumbwa muvatatu ari musikana akanaka, amai uye mukadzi akafirwa.
Mwarikadzi werima uyo, pamwe chete nehanzvadzi dzake Badb, Macha naNemain, vaiva nhengo dzeTuatha Dé Danann dzaive dzavamwari veCeltic. Vaive nesimba guru uye vaigara muIreland nguva refu vasati vagara mairi.
Aivewo mwarikadzi aive nevadikani vakati wandei vechimiro chemadzimambo nevamwari, mumwe wake ainyanyozivikanwa aive Mwari weCeltic Dagda anozivikanwa saMwari akanaka. Kuve mwarikadzi ane mukurumbira weTuatha Dé Dunann. Iye anozivikanwa kuve aine imwe nyaya yerudo nemurwi anonzi Cuchulainn.
Murwi uyu akakwanisa kudzivisa kunyengerwa kwamwarikadzi, saka vakarwisana nawo munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kusvikira akwanisa kumukunda pasinei nokuti anga akaita sei. Kusvikira murwi akakuvadzwa uye Mwarikadzi Morrigan akawana mukana wokumutarisira uye kubvisa marwadzo ake, asi akamutora nokusingaperi kuti amuchengete padivi pake.
The Celtic Goddess Epona "Mudziviriri wevatasvi nemabhiza"
Ndiye mumwe wevamwarikadzi veCeltic ane basa rekudzivirira vatasvi nemabhiza. Saizvozvowo, ane chokuita nokubereka, anonzi mwarikadzi wenyika uye ane simba rokuporesa vanhu vanouya kwaari kuzotsvaka kubatsirwa.
Mungano dzechiCeltic, mwarikadzi Epona ndimwarikadzi ane mukurumbira uye anomiririrwa semukadzi akanaka akagara kumashure kwebhiza. Vamwe vanhu vanomufananidza senyuchi yemvura.
Nyaya yamwarikadzi weCeltic Epona yakati vhiringika sezvo baba vake vaive munhuwo zvake aivenga vakadzi vese. Asi mboro yaiva nezvimiro zvoumwari ndiyo yaitarisira kupa mwarikadzi zita.
Muvanhu veCeltic maiva neukama hwepedyo nemabhiza uye nekuda kwemhuka iyi kuwedzera kwengano yemwarikadzi weCeltic Epona kwakagadziridzwa. Mwarikadzi anofarira rudo runokosha mutsika dzechiCelt uye mitambo yakasiyana-siyana inopiwa kwaari, pamwe chete nezvipiriso.
Mumutemo wetsamba dzavanotenda nevamwari veCeltic, vanhu vechiCelt vanotenda kuti zuva rakanakisa rekubhadhara mutero uye kukumbira kupindira kwemwarikadzi weCeltic Epona Mugovera. Sezvo iri nguva yakakodzera yekuchenesa masimba akaipa uye nharaunda dzisina kunaka. Nenzira yakafanana, anokumbirwa kuti zvirimwa zvipihwe zvakawanda.
Vamwe vakaratidza kuti mwarikadzi Epona ndiye mutungamiri wemweya. Asi anewo simba rekuunza kururamisira kwegehena.
Mwari Benelus "Mwari weMoto, Zuva uye Chiedza"
Ndiye mumwe wevamwari vechiCelt anozivikanwa saMwari weZuva.Simba raanaro kuchenesa nekuvandudza, ndosaka achibatanidzwa nekuporesa. Ndosaka yakataurirwa zvakanyanya nevanhu vekuIrish. Musi wekutanga waMay wemwedzi wega wega mutambo unoitwa mukukudza kwake.
Vanhu vanoenda kumutambo waMwari Benelus vanofanirwa kutamba uye kupfeka zvipfeko zvine mavara mazhinji sezvo kuri kugamuchira muchirimo. Uyu mwari anonziwo Belenos, Beltayne, Balor, Beli, pakati pevamwe. Ndiye mwari weCeltic aive nemasimba ekuporesa sezvo aive aine hukama nechiedza chezuva nemoto. Nokuda kweaya mamiriro ezvinhu vakamuenzanisa namwari wechiGiriki Apollo.
Mwari wechiCelt Belenus aive akaroora mwarikadzi Belisama aive mwarikadzi wemoto. Vamwari vese vari vaviri vanoonekwa sevanopenya uye vanopenya vamwari veCeltic. Pamusoro pekuva nesimba rekuporesa. Ane basa rokufudza makwai nemombe.
Parizvino, mhemberero dzavanoita muzita raMwari Belenus dzinonzi "May Day". Mumutambo uyu mune vanhu vane zvipfeko zvine mavara uye vanofanira kutamba zvakanyanya. Nenzira imwecheteyo, vanhu vanoita tsika iyi kuti vamutse mwari wezuva uye kuti arambe achipfuta mambakwedza ega ega.
Mwari weCeltic Cernunno "ndiye mwari wekubereka uye wehuviri"
Ndiye mumwe wevamwari veCeltic, uyo anonzi nechipo chevirility, kubereka, kuvandudzwa, kuwanda uye kuberekwa patsva. Ndimwari anozivikanwa somupi wezvipo. Ndiyezve ishe wemitambo, sezvo ane nyanga dzine simba aive nebasa rekuchengeta masango, ndiyezve shasha yekuvhima.
Mune dzimwe tsika uyu mwari wechiCelt anozivikanwa samwari werufu. Nekuti zvinotora mweya kuenda kunyika yepasi. Muchechi yeMiddle Ages, mwari wechiCelt Cernunno aizivikanwa nemazita akadai sa: Lucifer, Satani kana dhiyabhorosi.
Mwari Cernunno anomiririrwa samwari wegirinhi uye chimiro chake chinowanikwa mune zvakawanda zvinomiririra nhasi. Somuenzaniso, mubhuku raMargaret Murray rinonzi "Mwari weVaroyi", anotaura nyaya yaMwari Cernunno semuvhimi.
Kana iwe wawana chinyorwa ichi nezve vamwari veCeltic chakakosha, ini ndinokukoka iwe kuti ushanyire anotevera malink: