Muchitendero chevaRoma, mwari aripo uyo anonzi zvakanyanya kurudo, kubereka uye runako, pamwe neminda yekurima nemapindu; Pamusoro pezvo, aionekwa seakatangira vaRoma kuburikidza nemwanakomana wake Aeneas, ndiye Mwarikadzi Venus uye nechinyorwa chino tinokukoka iwe kuti uzvizive.
mwarikadzi venus
Mwarikadzi weRoma Venus anofanidza zvese zvine chekuita nerudo, kutarisisa uye kutarisirwa kwaamai, chizvarwa chevana kuburikidza nebonde uye chido. Uyu mwarikadzi akanga akaisvonaka zvikurusa pamasimba ose engano dzeRoma, uyo aishuviwa nevose vari vaviri vanhu vanofa navamwari.
Kufanana namwari wechiGreek Apollo, mwarikadzi Venus aizivikanwa nekuita bonde rakavhurika uye zvechokwadi izvi zvakamubvumira kuva nevadikani vechirume nevechikadzi zvakafanana, pamwe nekuva mudziviriri wevadikani nepfambi, pamwe nekuva mufananidzo. muchitendero cheRoma. Mwarikadzi Venus akanga ari muitiro wamwarikadzi wechiGiriki Aphrodite waakagoverana naye tsika dzengano.
MaRoma akatora mwarikadzi uyu muzana remakore rechitatu BC. C. vatova pedyo nekuguma kuzere kwehondo dzePunic (pakati pezana remakore rechipiri nerechitatu B.C.), panguva iyoyo vaRoma vakasarudza kubvunza muprofita uyo panguva iyoyo aikurudzira kuti vakumbire mwarikadzi Venus kuti abatsirwe kuitira kuti vave nechokwadi chokukunda. Carthaginians (mwarikadzi uyu aionekwa semudziviriri weguta reCarthage). Kunamata kwake vaRoma kwakasvika pakakwirira mushure mekuunza kukunda kwavari, uye kwakaramba kwakadaro kusvika pakumuka kwechiKristu muzana ramakore rechina AD.
Pamusoro pazvo, mwarikadzi Venus aipembererwawo saamai vaAeneas tateguru waRomulus aive mutangiri weRoma. Gare gare, Julius Caesar akabatanidza pachena nhaka yemhuri yake nedzinza raamai vamwarikadzi, zvichiita kuti Venus ave tateguru wedzinza roumambo rokutanga roumambo hweRoma.
Mwarikadzi Venus mungano
Kwakabva mwarikadzi Venus kwakaitika mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kujairika. Baba vake, mwari Uranus, akanga ari mutongi wokutanga wecosmos uye uyo akasika nyika nepasi. Naizvozvo apo Saturn mwanakomana waUranus akakurira baba vake (iyo gare gare yakadzokororwa nomwanakomana waSaturn amene), mupambi wacho akacheka mitezo yababa vake ndokuikanda mugungwa. Pane imwe nguva, nhengo yakachekwa nemachende zvakasanganiswa nefuro regungwa zvichipa hupenyu kuna mwarikadzi Venus. Muunyanzvi, chiitiko ichi chaiwanzotora chimiro chemwarikadzi Venus achibuda kubva kune clam kana imwe mollusk.
Etymology yeVenus
Izwi rokuti "Venus" rinobva zvakananga kubva kune classical Latin noun venus, iyo inoratidzira "rudo." Iri zita raiwanzo shandiswa kuratidza rudo kana chishuwo kunyanya pabonde, raienderanawo zvakananga neshoko rechiito rokuti venerari rinoreva "kuda kana kuremekedza", uyewo mudzi wezwi rechirungu rokuti "venerate".
Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vakafunga kuti "Venus" ainetsekana nezwi rechiLatini rokuti venenum, zita rinoreva "chepfu", "potion", "charm" kana zvichida "aphrodisiac" ichicherechedza kutonga kwayo kuri pachena pakudhakwa kwerudo.
Hunhu uye simba remwarikadzi Venus
Samwarikadzi anosanganisa rudo, shungu uye bonde, Venus aive nehunyanzvi hwekuita kuti vanhu uye vamwari vapengeswe murudo. Saka hunhu hwavo hukuru uye zviridzwa zvesimba kwaingove kukwezva uye kukwezvwa kunokwezva apo vazhinji vakakundwa nekuva vanyajambwa vavo, maererano nenganonyorwa.
Zvaiva zvakajairika kuti mufananidzo wamwarikadzi Venus uwanikwe mudzimba. Pakati pekuonekwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwamwarikadzi uyu, chimiro chake chaiperekedzwa nezvirevo zvakaita serozi sechiratidzo chekubereka, chido chebonde uye nhengo dzemukadzi. Uyewo, aiwanzopfeka korona ye myrtle (gwenzi rine mashizha akareba, akadzika mashizha ane maruva machena), iyi korona yakava imwe yezviratidzo zvake zvinokosha.
Seashells yaive imwe motif yakajairika yakabatana namwarikadzi uyu, sezvo mateko aya aishanda sechirevo chekuzvarwa kwaVenus kubva mugungwa uye sechimwe chezviratidzo zvakawanda zveVenus. Uyu mwarikadzi anokwanisawo kukwezva kubudirira uye rombo rakanaka kune vanomunamata. Uyezve, nemhaka youkama hwayo nepasi nemapindu, anogona kuita kuti upenyu humere kubva pasi pevhu kusvika pamusoro nokungotsika kwahwo, zvichiita kuti zvose zviri zviviri zvinomera nemaruva zvioneke munzira yake.
Vanoda uye vana veVenus
Mwarikadzi Venus aive nevadikani vaviri vaivewo vamwari: murume wake Vulcan naMars (zvakateerana Hephaestus naAres mungano dzechiGiriki). Pane ngano pamusoro penyaya yerudo yeVenus neMars, apo vari pakati pekuita zvepabonde pamubhedha vanobatwa nemambure zvine hungwaru naVulcan.
Nekuda kwekusagutsikana kwaVenus nekusavimbika kwake, iye naVulcan vaive vasina muchato wakazara nerudo uye nekuda kwechikonzero ichi pakange pasina vana vavo semurume nemukadzi. Zvisinei, mwarikadzi uyu akanga asina mbereko, uye kuburikidza nerudo rwake akakwanisa kuva nevana vakawanda vane vamwari vakasiyana. NeMars semuenzaniso, akapa hupenyu ku:
- Timor (Phobos) mumiriri wekutya akapinda mumakwikwi nababa vake, uye mapatya ake Metus (Deimos) mufananidzo wekutyisa.
- Concordia (Harmony) mwarikadzi wekutaurirana, kumanikidza uye kuwirirana.
- Cupids (Erotes) avo vaive seti yevamwari vane mapapiro vairatidzira maitiro akasiyana erudo.
Mudetembi weRoma Ovid anorondedzera kuti Aphrodite (Venus) akabereka Hermaphrodites kubva kuna Hermes (Mercury), uyo akanga ari mufananidzo wesimba uye androgyny; uye zvakare kuna Fortuna (Tyche), aive mwarikadzi werombo uye remangwana mukati mechitendero cheRoma. Venus inonzi yakaitwa naBacchus saamai vemwari mudiki Priapus (mwari wekubereka anowanzo ratidzwa nehombe huru isina musoro).
Maererano naPausanias, Graces aifungidzirwa kuva vana vaVenus naBacchus, asi kazhinji kuberekwa kwavo kunonzi Jupiter naEurynome. Nekudaro, maGrace aive chikamu cheVenus 'retinue pamwe chete naCupids naSuadela mwarikadzi wekunyengetedza munzvimbo dzerudo, rudo uye kunyengera.
Venus aivewo nevadikani vakasiyana-siyana, vaviri vainyanya kuzivikanwa vari Anchises naAdonis asi aivewo tenzikadzi wamambo weSicilian Butes waakaita naye mwanakomana ainzi Erice. Akafambidzanawo naPhaethon waakabereka Sandocus, anozivikanwa kuva baba vaCinyras wekuKupro.
Ovid's Metamorphoses (Bhuku X) rinorondedzera kuti Venus akadanana sei neAdonis anofa (zvichida nekuda kwerunako rwake kana nekuda kwemuseve waCupid), kwaakakumbira Proserpina (Persephone) kuti amuchengete kusvikira auya kwaari. Vamwarikadzi vaviri vakatorwa mwoyo nomunhu anofa, naizvozvo vakarwa kutozosvikira Jupiter asarudza kuti Adonis aizopedza chetatu chegore nomumwe nomumwe wavo uye chetatu kwaaida; pakupedzisira, akapedza nguva yake naVenus kusvikira aurayiwa nenguruve.
Maererano neHomeric Hymn kuna Aphrodite, Anchises, muchinda weDardania uye shamwari yeTroy, akanyengedzwa naVenus. Akazvishandura semuchinda weFrygian ndokumubata, apo mwedzi mipfumbamwe gare gare akazivisa kuzivikanwa kwake kwekudenga nekupa Anchises nemwanakomana wake Aeneas. Venus akayambira Anchises kuti asambozvitutumadza nezverwendo rwake kuti arege kurohwa neJupiter; zvinosuruvarisa kuti, Anchises akakwenya uye akaoma mitezo nemheni yaJupiter.
The Trojan Aeneas, maererano naVirgil's Aeneid, yakagadzirirwa kusika Roma inotungamirirwa nemwarikadzi wake, mwarikadzi Venus. Mwanakomana waAeneas, Ascanio akanga ari mambo weAlba Longa uyo akazivikanwa nokuda kwaVirgil satateguru wevatangiri veRoma: Romulus naRemus pamwe chete naGens (mhuri) Julia; Gen Julia yaive mhuri yaisanganisira Julius Caesar, Augustus (Octavian) Caesar, nevazukuru vavo.
Venus uye nyeredzi yemanheru
Mune tsika yengano yeVirgil's Aeneid, Venus akasarudzwa semudzimai waAnchises, nhengo yemhuri yehumambo hweTrojan. Maererano netsika iyi, Venus akazvishandura semhandara yakanaka uye akanyengedza Anchises, achiratidza unhu hwake hwechokwadi mushure mokunge ava nepamuviri. Nenguva isipi akazvara Eneas, uyo akazova gamba guru reTrojan. Zvino mushure mekudonha kwaTroy, Eneas akapinda muMediterranean kuti azadzise chiporofita chokuti rimwe zuva aizowana humambo hukuru hweItaly.
MuAeneid mwarikadzi Venus akashanda semufambisi mukuru wezviitiko, pamwe chete nemurwiri asinganeti wemwanakomana wake muhondo. Venus akauya kuzobatsira Eeneas mushure mekuona kuti Juno akanga atumira dutu guru kuti adzivise zvikepe zvake kusvika kuItaly. Venus akakumbirawo kuna Jupiter, uyo akareverera kudzikamisa dutu asati atungamira mwanakomana wake zvakachengeteka kuCarthage. Akazvishandura sechembere, akatungamirira Eneas nevateveri vake kuna Mambokadzi Dido akanaka, saka panguva iyoyo kuna Mambokadzi Venus akadzivirira bato remwanakomana wake kubva pameso ane utsinye:
"Akavaviga, mwarikadzi ndokuva gumbeze remakore kuti pasava neanozviona kana kuabata, kuti pasave neanoziva kana kutsvaga chikonzero chekusvika kwavo."
Gare gare apo Aeneas akafamba nechikepe kubva kuCarthage kuenda kuItaly, mwarikadzi Venus akateterera Neptune kumubvumira kuyambuka Mediterranean zvakakotsekana; Neptune akabvumirana nechikonzero chekuti Captain Palinuro anosuruvarisa aizobayirwa.
Pakusvika kwaAeneas muRoma, Venus akamupa zvombo nezvombo zvakanga zvagadzirwa naVulcan. Zvombo izvi zvaizoshandiswa muhondo yaitevera yekurwisa maLatin. Panhovo yaAeneas, Vulcan aimiririra kukunda kwevaRoma mune ramangwana, sekukunda kwaAugustus pavavengi vake paHondo yeActium muna 31 BC. C. (Somunguva imwe uye mupukunyuki wehondo yevagari vemo yakateura ropa yakapera muActium, Virgil akanga ane chikonzero chiri chose chokunyaradza Augustus ndokuratidza kukunda kwake senhambo inokosha munhau yeRoma.)
Pakupedzisira, munguva dzekupedzisira dzeAeneid, mwarikadzi Venus akapindira saamai uye akarapa mwanakomana wake Aeneas mushure mekunge arohwa nemuseve.
Cult uye temberi dzemwarikadzi Venus
Temberi yekutanga inozivikanwa yeVenus yakatsaurirwa kuna Venus Obsequens (Obedient Venus) paAventine Hill muRome, makore akapoteredza 295 BC. Zvisinei, chitendero chake chaiva muguta reLavinium, uye temberi yake ikoko yakava musha wemutambo unozivikanwa saVinalia Rustica (temberi iyi yakapararira nechiGiriki (machechi aAphrodite) uye yakanga isiri chisikwa chitsva ).
Muna 217 BC C., zvirevo zveSibylline zvakakarakadza kuti kana Roma (panguva ino yarasikirwa neHondo Yechipiri yePunic) yaigona kunyengetedza Venus Eyrcina (Venus weEryx) kuti achinje kuvimbika kwake kubva kuvadyidzani veCarthaginian Sillegos kuenda kuvaRoma, hondo yaizokundwa. Roma yakakomba Eryx (nhare yeCarthaginian), ichipa mwarikadzi tembere yakaisvonaka uye yakatakura mufananidzo wamwarikadzi kubva panzvimbo iyi kuenda kuRoma.
Chakanga chiri ichi chivezwa chokumwe chakazova Venus Genetrix weRoma (Venus Amai). Kapoka kakamiswa kutenderedza Venus Genetrix paCapitoline Hill yakadzorwa kuvaRoma vemhuri dzemasimba, asi muna 181 a. C. uye 114 a. C. temberi nechitendero cheVenus Eycina neVenus Verticordia (Venus muchinji wemwoyo) zvakatangwa nokuda kwevanhuwo zvavo.
Mwedzi waVenus waiva Kubvumbi (kutanga kwechirimo uye kubereka) uye panguva ino ndipo paipembererwa mitambo yake yakawanda. Saka kutanga kwega kwega muna Kubvumbi kwaiitwa mutambo wekuremekedza Venus Verticordia wainzi Veneralia, musi wa23 Vinalia Urbana waipembererwa, waiva mutambo wewaini weVenus (mwarikadzi wewaini yakasvibiswa) uye Jupiter.
Nepo Vinalia Rustica yakaitwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 10, yaive mutambo wekare weVenus uye waisanganiswa nechimiro chayo cheVenus Obsequens. Pakupedzisira, Gunyana 26 wega wega raive zuva remutambo waVenus Genetrix, amai uye mudziviriri weRoma.
Epithets yemwarikadzi Venus
Mwarikadzi Venus akasiyaniswa neakatevedzana epithets, imwe neimwe ichiburitsa hunhu hwakasiyana hwemwarikadzi, kusanganisira:
- Venus Caelestis kana "Venus yematenga".
- Venus Erycina, kana "Venus yeEryx", ine chekuita nekumiririra kwake kweguta reCarthage.
- Venus Felix kana kuti "Lucky Venus", nebasa rake mukushandura mafambiro ehondo, sezvaakaita panguva yeHondo yechipiri yePunic.
- Venus Genetrix, kana kuti "Venus musiki", zita rakasimudzwa nemumwe kunze kwaJulius Caesar zvichibva pabasa ramwarikadzi mukuumbwa kwehurumende yeRoma.
- Venus Murcia kana "Venus yeArrayanes", yekuve mudziviriri ane rudo weRoma.
- Venus Obsequens kana "Venus inonamata".
- Venus Victrix kana kuti "Venus anounza Kukunda".
Venus mune unyanzvi uye mabhuku
Munguva yekutanga yePaleolithic nguva, vanhu vakaveza zvidhori zvidiki zvechikadzi izvo zvakazotevera vanochera matongo vakatumidza nhamba dzeVenus. Anowanzo kukombama uye akatenderedzwa neimwe dhigirii yehukobvu pakati, uye kazhinji haana zviso, inongomiririra miviri yevakadzi ine voluptuous.
Zvichida chinonyanya kuzivikanwa chifananidzo chidiki chakatanga kunzi Venus of Willendorf, iye zvino anozivikanwa seMukadzi weWillendorf kana Willendorf Woman. Mumakore achangopfuura, nyanzvi dzakarega kutumidza zvidimbu izvi zita reVenus, nokuti hazvibatanidzi kuna mwarikadzi Venus; kutaura idi, vanoitangira nezviuru zvakawanda zvemakore.
Mune art yemazuva ano, Venus inogara ichiratidzwa sediki uye yakanaka. Mukati menguva yose yechinyakare, vanyori vakasiyana vakagadzira chiverengero chezvidhori zvaVenus, zvakadai seakakurumbira Aphrodite weMilos chivezwa (chinozivikanwa zviri nani seVenus de Milo), icho chinoratidzira mwarikadzi somukadzi akanaka zvikuru ane makombamiro echikadzi uye kunyemwerera kwokuziva. Chifananidzo ichi chinofungidzirwa kuti chakaitwa naAlexandro weAntiokia, makore akapoteredza 100 BC
Munguva yeEuropean Renaissance nguva uye nemhiri, zvakave fashoni kuti vakadzi vekirasi yepamusoro vaite seVenus yekupenda kana zvivezwa. Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyaPauline Bonaparte Borghese munin'ina waNapoleon, apo Antonio Canova akamuveza saVenus Victrix, akatsenhama musalon, uye kunyangwe Canova aida kumuveza akapfeka gauni, Pauline sezviri pachena akasimbirira kuratidzwa asina kupfeka.
Muzvinyorwa, munyori Chaucer aigara achinyora nezveVenus mukuwedzera pakuonekwa kwake mune akati wandei nhetembo dzake, pamwe neThe Knight's Tale umo Palamon anofananidza mudiwa wake Emily namwarikadzi. Muchokwadi, Chaucer anoshandisa hukama hwakashata pakati peMars neVenus kumiririra Palamon semurwi uye Emily semusikana akanaka mubindu remaruva.
venus uye zvematongerwo enyika
Pakupera kweRiphabhuliki yeRoma, vamwe vakakurumbira veRoma vaifarira Venus uye vakakwikwidzana nazvo, senge:
- Sulla (achigamuchira chiLatin qualifier Ferix yerombo uye kukudza Venus Ferix munyasha dzake dzaMwari).
- Pompey (yakapiwa muna 55 BC, temberi yeVenus Victrix - Venus of Victory).
- Julius Caesar (akamhan'ara nyasha dzaVenus Victrix naVenus Genetrix).
- Hadrian (muna 139 CE, akavaka temberi yaVenus naRoma Aeterna, Roma isingagumi, achiita kuti Venus ave amai vachengeti vehurumende yeRoma).
Vamwe vamwarikadzi verudo
Kunyange zvazvo Venus isisiri kunamatwa zvakanyanya, anorambira mukuziva kwekuMadokero sechimwe chinongedzo chakakosha munhoroondo yezvimiro zvechikadzi mukati mengano dzekare, kusanganisira vamwarikadzi veNorse Frigg naFreyja, Ishtar weMesopotamia, Astarte weSyria-Palestinian naAphrodite wechiGiriki. mumwe weVenus.
Semumiriri werunako, Venus akafuridzira akati wandei emifananidzo ine mukurumbira munhoroondo yese, pamwe nekuwanda kwemifananidzo yemazuva ano, uye nekudaro yave imwe yemifananidzo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yamwarikadzi munyika dzekuMadokero.
Venus mutsika yanhasi
Venus yakaramba yakakosha mune zvemazuva ano pop tsika sechiratidzo cherudo uye eroticism. Nekuda kwekubatana kwayo nerunako uye pabonde, Venus yakagoverwa neakawanda anozivikanwa ma brands ezvizoro, kusanganisira makambani:
- Gillette akagadzira mutsara wezvigadzirwa zvekuveura kune vakadzi vakatumidzwa zita ramwarikadzi.
- Venus Skin Care, iyo yakashandisawo zita ramwarikadzi senzira yekushambadzira.
Zita reVenus rakashandiswawo mumazita akati wandei emabhaisikopo, sezvazvakaita nemagadzirirwo emafirimu anotaurwa pazasi:
- Venus (1984), bhaisikopo reFrance raitarisa kushanya kwevaviri vebhizinesi vekuAmerica pavakafamba vachitsvaga modhi yemutsara wavo wezvizoro (inonzi, hongu, "Venus").
- Mamwe mafirimu matatu akashandisa zita rekuti Venus, rimwe remafirimu achangoburwa akatarisana nehupenyu hwemukadzi akachinja hunhu anouya akachena nezvehunhu hwake hwepabonde.
Venus yakaonekwawo munziyo dzakawanda dzakagadzirwa mumhanzi, pakati pezvinotevera zvinoburitswa:
- "Venus de Milo" naMiles Davis muna 1957.
- Shocking Blue's "Venus" muna 1969 iyo yaive yakarova.
- Lady Gaga's "Venus" muna 2013 ane mazwi anonyatso kudana mwarikadzi uye kugona kwake kukurudzira hupombwe husingaregi: "Ini handigone kubatsira zvandinonzwa / Mwarikadzi werudo, ndapota nditore kumutungamiri wako / handikwanise kuzvibatsira. Ramba uchitamba / Mwarikadzi werudo! Mwarikadzi werudo."
Pakupedzisira, Venus yakapawo zita rayo kune imwe nyika yechipiri kubva kuzuva; Sekukodzera zita rayo, Venus ndiyo inopenya kupfuura dzimwe nyika mune solar system.
Kana iwe wakawana chinyorwa ichi nezve Mwarikadzi Venus wengano dzechiRoman chinonakidza, tinokukoka iwe kuti unakirwe nevamwe ava: