Sangana naVamwari veBuddhism, sedzidziso yehuzivi

Gautama Buddha akataura kuti vamwari vegamuchidzanwa vakanga vasina nzvimbo apo kunouya kuupenyu hwapashure porufu, iyi semaonero erusununguko, sezvo chiBuddha chiri chitendero chisina Mwari, uye naizvozvo kuwana kuti vanamwari veBuddhism ndiani, zvinokutendera kuti uzive nhevedzano yemaitiro uye dzidziso dzeshanduko yako wega, usamire kuiverenga.

ChiBhudha

Buddhism yakazvarwa muGuta reIndia pakati peXNUMXth neXNUMXth mazana emakore BC. C., ikoko yakakwanisa kupararira kune zhinji dzeEast Asia uye kuita kwayo kwakadzikira munyika yekwakabva mukati meMiddle Ages.

Tinofanira kutanga nekuziva kuti kunyanya Buddhism chitendero chinozivikanwa pasi rose, chine dzidziso yehuzivi uye yemweya isingateveri Mwari zvachose. "Non-theism" ndiwo ese mafungu asingafungi kana kufunga pasi pekutenda kwemusiki kana Mwari akazara, pane musiyano mukuru pakati pevasingatendi kuti kuna Mwari nevasiri vateist, mune yekupedzisira vanobvuma zvitendero zvevamwari uye / kana masangano epamusoro. , semidzimu, zvisinei kuti ivo vanocherechedzwa sevanhu vanochinja.

Kune vamwe vazivi, vakadai savafungi vechiBuddha, vanoratidza kuti kudzidza kwechiBuddha kwakavakirwa pakusaramba, asiwo kusabvuma kuvapo kwaMwari musiki, kuchisimbisa dzidziso yomuvambi wechiBuddha. siddhartha gautama (Bhudha). Mukuwedzera, kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana akadai seTibetan Buddhism.

Mazhinji evaBhudha veakanyanya mukurumbira mafungu akadai Mahayana y vajrayana, bvuma uye utore kugara kwechigarire kwevanhu savamwari vakuru, asi usafungidzira kuvapo kwaMwari somusiki mumwe chete.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti Buddhism ndiyo chitendero chechina chine vateveri vazhinji, vatendi nevarapi, ine vanopfuura mamirioni gumi nemazana manomwe ehuwandu hwepasirese senhengo dzayo, sezvo ichibatanidza uye ichiunza pamwechete zvakasiyana-siyana zvevamwari, tsika nezvitendero zvemweya.

Chiri chechokwadi mukuzara kwayo ndechekuti vaBuddha vanochengeta kutendiswa kwakasimba kwechokwadi ina, izvi zvakaratidzwa siddhartha gautama ( Buddha ) pavanenge vachifungisisa uye, kunyange zvazvo chikoro chimwe nechimwe chechiBuddha chichishandura kududzirwa kweidzi zvokwadi, vose vanoroverera muitiro waavo vatichadudza pasi apa, sezvo vachiparira vamwari vakasiana-siana vechiBuddha:

Chokwadi Ina Chakanaka

When siddhartha gautama (Buddha) akamuka mukufungisisa kwake kukuru, chaakaita pakutanga chakanga chiri chokupa hurukuro kushamwari dzake dzose, dzaakadana kuti. Dhammacakkappavattana, zvinoreva kugadzwa kwekufamba kwevhiri redharma, iro raisanganisira hwaro hunokosha hwekugamuchira kutambura, idzi ndidzo dzinonzi zvokwadi ina dzakanaka:

1. El dukha, inofanana nokutambura uye kusagutsikana, kubata kwayo kunobva pakuti upenyu hauna kukwana zvachose, zvose mukuzvarwa ikoko, kurwara norufu zviri kutambura, pamwe chete nokubatanidzwa kana kuti kuparadzaniswa nezvinodiwa kana kuti kwete kutambura, kunamatira uye kushuva rudzi urwu rwemamiriro ezvinhu pasina kusingaperi muhupenyu, izvo zvinoita kuti vanhu vasafare.
2. Kwakatangira duhkha zvinoreva chido, kuda, kushuva uye nyota yezvishuwo, kana chero rudzi rwekugutsikana kwemamiriro ezvinhu, izvo zvinotipa mufaro, rudzi rwakati rwemunhu, kubudirira, chinangwa, chinhu chenyama kana chemweya, izvo zvinokurumidza kubudisa karma.
3. kupera kwe duhkha, inonzi nirvana, zvinoreva kuti kutambura kunogona kudzimwa kana chikonzero chayo chadzimwa, apo chido chekuwana zvatinoshuva zvikuru chinoraswa, zvichiita kuti pave nekuguma kwekuzvarwa patsva.
4. Kuzadzisa kupera kwataurwa pamusoro, kune nzira inozivikanwa nehukuru hwayo, iyo inonzi octuplet, nzira iyi inosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita sehuchenjeri, kufungisisa, mufambiro wetsika, uye kudzidziswa, kuitira kusunungura kusarura kwekarma ye duhkha.

Chikamu chikuru chevatendi vechiBuddha chinodzidzisa nomwoyo wose chinangwa chokukunda duhkha and the samara, iwaya achapiwa zvimwe kupfurikidza ne<em>nirvana kana kuti nenzira inoshamisa yechiBuddha, anotungamirirwa naBuddha, dharma uye sangha. Kune rumwe rutivi, kune mapazi makuru maviri echiBuddha, anonzi Buddhism. Theravāda, izvo zvinoreva chikoro chevakuru uye Mahayana yakadanwa senzira huru.

Zvishongo zvitatu zvakashandiswa nevamwari veBuddhism

Sezvineiwo, vatendi veBuddhism vanonamata uye vanozvidzivirira ivo pachavo mumuviri uye pamweya mune trirathnas, iro rinoshandura rinoreva "matombo matatu": Buddha, Dharma uye Sangha. Tevere tichatumidza pfungwa dzematombo matatu maererano nemapazi maviri eBuddhism:

Buddha

muBuddhism Mahayana mabhudha akasiyana anochengetwa akafanana amitabha y variochana, vamwe vatsvene vanogara munyika dzakasiyana-siyana, pamwe chete nezvisikwa zvepanyika, vanamwari ava maererano neBuddhism iyi vanogona kutaurwa navo, vachiteerera zvikumbiro zvavo kuvanhu vose vari munyika ino, zvisinei Buddha ndimambo wemweya anodzivirira uye anorinda nokuda kwezvikumbiro zvavo. avo vanotenda mubazi iri reBuddhism.

Ndichiri muBuddhism Theravada, Buddha mumwe munhu akapedza nhambo dzake dzokuberekwazve uye kupfurikidza naikoku iye akamuka kupfurikidza nenhamburiko dzake amene nepfungwa yendangariro, mukuwirirana namagwaro anowirirana iye ndiBuddha wechokwadi anotambura marwadzo omusana, nemhaka yokurema kwouchenjeri hwaanotsigira, uye kupfurikidza naikoku iye akamuka kupfurikidza nenhamburiko dzake amene nepfungwa yendangariro, mukuwirirana namagwaro anowirirana iye ndiBuddha wechokwadi anotambura marwadzo omusana, nemhaka youkuru hwouchenjeri hwaanotsigira; zvakaoma kunzwisisa uye kuva nemasimba makuru epfungwa.

Dharma

Sechishongo chechipiri tine kuti Buddhism inotimisa kuti tifunge nezve nzira inogona kushandiswa pakuita kwerudzi urwu rwechitendero, uye kune izvi kune dharma, kuti hachisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwedzidziso yezvakasikwa senzira yehupenyu, yatisingafaniri kubatirira chero nguva, saka hazvisi izvo zvatinotenda nemwoyo wose, asi mukuita, senzira iyo ichatitungamirira kune yedu. common destiny.

Zvinonzi chokwadi chichagara chiri chokwadi ndosaka the Dharma Iyo inoratidzirwa seyakanyanya protagonist yezvakasikwa, seyakanyanya kutaurwa kwepasirese, nzira yakanakisa yekuona zvinhu, pamwe nemasikirwo ekare, aripo uye ramangwana.

sanga

Iyi pfungwa yechitatu sechishongo ndiko kunogara maBhudha, nzvimbo senharaunda yemamongi nemasisita, vakaita sarudzo yekutevedzera chirango, kukura kwemunhu uye pamweya, senzira yakanaka zvinoenderana netsika uye nhungamiro ye. siddhartha gautama (Buddha), nokuramba miitiro mikuru youpenyu hwezuva nezuva, kungogara nenguo nendiro bedzi.

Uyezve, vanogadzirira kutumira iyo Dharma de siddhartha gautama (Buddha) mumunda weukoshi hwomudzimu, achigovera dzidziso nokuchengeta nzanga yake pasi pezvitendero nokudzidza zvechiBuddha, savanhu vakakwidziridzwa, vakawana kukwidziridzwa kwomudzimu.

Mitemo Mishanu kana Mitemo yeBuddha:

• Usatora zvausina kupiwa.
• Usadye zvinodhaka zvinokanganisa, kukanganisa kana kukanganisa pfungwa.
• Usauraya.
• Chengetedza hunhu hwepabonde hwakakwana, uye zvinoenderana nezvisikwa zvese zvakakukomberedza.
• Usataura nhema, makuhwa, hutsinye, manyepo uye / kana kutaura pasina.

Ndezvipi vamwari veBuddhism?

Pakutanga mungano dzechiBuddha kwaiva nezvisikwa zvinonzi devas, zvinova vanhu vanonzwa uye vanotambura, sezvatinoona vanhu, chokwadi vane hupenyu mukumuka uye izvi zvinovapa ruzivo rwakakura, njere uye njere kupfuura chero munhu.

Iwo anonyanya kuzivikanwa seakanyanya kukosha akananga kugwara rekusangana kwechokwadi uye chinangwa cheuzivi hwechiBhudha, zvisinei tsika iyi inodudzira izvo. siddhartha gautama (Buddha) ndiye kuvhenekera kusingaperi, chiratidzo chiripo chepasirese uye pamusoro peizvi iye mudzidzisi weava vamwari veBuddhism, vanomupfuura mukudzidzisa uye maitiro, unogona zvakare kusangana nezvisikwa zvine simba senge huni nymphs.

Vese vamwari veBuddhism vanogona kuwanikwa zviri nyore mumatemberi mazhinji echiBhudha nemamongi, izvi sezvimiro zvakakosha muzvikoro zvese kuti zvive nyore kuvaziva zvinoratidzwa nemhando dzavo, zviratidzo uye mabviro, izvo zvinopihwa nehumambo hutanhatu hwechiBhudha nezviuru zve. kutenderera kwenyika, vakawanda vaivava vanoramba vachimirirwa savamwari vanogara pasi uye pamusoro penzvimbo yavanhu. Heano vamwari vanonyanya kukosha veBuddhism:

Daitoku Myō-ō

Inowanikwa kumadokero, hunhu hwayo hukuru ndehwekuva Mwari wedziviriro nekukunda, ine simba rekuve nesimba pamusoro pemadhiragoni, nyoka, pamwe nekugumisa uipi kuti ive yakanaka. Chitarisiko chayo chezviso zvitanhatu, makumbo matanhatu, maoko matanhatu ane minondo nemapfumo, inoramba yakatasva pamusoro pemhou chena.

Fudō Myō-ō

Zvinonzi ndiye muchengeti Mwari wechitendero chechiBhudha, ndiye mambo weuchenjeri, sezvo ari pakati pevamwari vana mumakadhinari mana, anoremekedzwa muchiBuddha cheJapan, muChina neJapan anonzi. Acalata. Unhu hwake hwepanyama hunosanganisira kuti muruoko rwake rworudyi akabata munondo unopfuta, muruoko rwake rworuboshwe akabata tambo yaanosunga nayo madhimoni uye anounza shamwari dzake pamusoro, murazvo wake unoreva kuti anorwisana negehena.

Gōzanze Myō-ō

Uyu Mwari wekururamisira anopikisana nehasha, kutsamwa uye muvengi wekusaziva, anotungamira vamwari vanodzivirira. Mukati memaitiro ayo emuviri ane zviso zvitatu, izvo zvinoratidza kutyisidzira, inewo maoko matanhatu nemakumbo maviri, inotakura zvombo zvepamusoro mune imwe neimwe yemaoko ayo.

Gundari Myō-ō

Mumwe Mwari anodzivirira anonamatwa ari kumaodzanyemba. Anonyanya kuzivikanwa muchitendero chechiBuddha vajrayana, anofananidzwa nemaoko masere, ane zvombo uye ane zviso zvitatu zvinotyisidzira, anochengeta nyoka muhuro nemakumbo ake.

Kongo-Yasha Myō-ō

Kunobva muchitendero shingon chechiBuddha cheJapan, chinochengetwa saMwari anodzivirira uyo anofananidzira simba nokusunda, chinomirirwa nezviso zvitatu zvinotarira kutyisidzira uye chine maoko matanhatu, mune mimwe mifananidzo chinoratidzwa nechiso chimwe namaoko mana, chiri kuchamhembe.

vamwari vetibetan

Vanotongwa nemutungamiriri wezvematongerwo enyika wevaTibetan vese vanozivikanwa se Dalai Lama, iyo inozivikanwa semutungamiri mukuru maererano nekunamata, mune zvakawanda zvezvikoro ivo vane zvikamu zvakasiyana uye vanosiyana maererano nemaitiro avo emweya. Iyi tsika yakakurumbira mumarudzi ese eMongolia neTibetan, Dalai Lama iye mudzidzisi wepamusoro-soro, akasikwa muBuddhist Himalayas.

Iro rine mukurumbira wakashata kwete bedzi murutivi rworudzidziso, asiwo murutivi rwenzanga noupfumi rweTibet, runofukidza nhau dzomukati zvikuru mune chimwe nechimwe chezvikoro zvayo, sezvo nomutongi mumwe nomumwe vanopiwa zita rohutsvene hwavo. uye mukati Dalai Lama pane ruzivo rwetsika dzekudzivirira kutora kwavo chikamu semutungamiri nesimba, inova tsika nenhaka.

Chiratidzo rama Iyo yakabatana zvakanyanya neanonyanya kuzivikanwa echiBuddha mafungu kuMadokero, uye kwegore ra2011 monarchy yakafunga kupa hutungamiriri hwemweya sezvakamiswa nekwakabva tsika.

samsara

MuchiBuddha tsika iripo samara, uhwo hwakavakirwa paumambo hutanhatu, hune huchokwadi hwakasiyana, hunosimudzira kuti midzimu yose inomuka pashure pokunge yafa, iyo inocherekedzwa sorumuko. Iyi nzira inofungidzirwa nematanho matatu, anonzi matatu midzi yeasina hutano, mukati mawo ndeye: kuvenga, kudya uye kusaziva.

El samsara Iro ibato rerumuko rakasimba rine mwero, humambo kana nyika zvisina kufanana, asi zvakasiyana zvachose kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Chinomira pachena nezvekufamba uku kwetsika dzechiBhudha ndizvo zvinokonzeresa chibvumirano chevanhu vese, senge kusanzwa uye kunamatira, izvo zvinoenda kune yakavhurika uye yakadzikama mamiriro epfungwa, izvi zvinokwezva kune avo vanoita chitendero ichi.

Humambo hweUnderworld Beings – Naraka

Gehena, mushure mekufa, purigatori kana pasi penyika yave ichionekwa senzvimbo yekusuwa, mitoro, kusuruvara, kurwadziwa, kurwadzisa, kutambudzwa, pakati pevamwe uye inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakaderera dzeumambo; asi kune vaBuddha zvakasiyana zvachose, inzvimbo iyo vagari vasiri vasungwa, vanosangana nezviitiko zvakakura kuti vabvise karma yakaipa yavakararama muhupenyu hwavo hwese, nenzira iyi ndeyechinguvana zvachose, sezvo vachigona kubva. nzvimbo ino.

Nyika Yemidzimu kana Zvipoko – Preta

Mutsika dzechiBuddha mune iyi nharaunda inonzi "consumerism", umo zvisikwa nezvisikwa zvinogara munhamo yakazara, ivo vane udyire, vane makaro, uye vanosiririsa, mukuparara zvachose, kwakavakirwa pazvishuvo nezvishuwo izvo zvaisagona kuzadzikiswa.

Zvisikwa izvi hazvigone kunakidzwa nekudya chikafu, kunyangwe kana vachidya zvachose, vanonzwa kusagutsikana uye kuchengetedza chishuwo chekudya, mumifananidzo yehunyanzvi vanokweverwa sezvisikwa zvine mitsipa mirefu, mitete uye yakachenuruka kwazvo, iyo inoratidza mamiriro ekuva nezvipoko zvine nzara. .

Humambo hweMhuka – Tiryak-Yoni

Sezvinoratidzwa nezita rayo, muumambo uhwu zvisikwa zvipenyu uye zvisikwa zvisiri vanhu, zvakajeka mhuka, pachena, pasina chero njere, vanoita nekuziva zvavanoita, zvisinei kuti havanetseki kuti kuedza kwavo kunobatsira kune chero munhu upi zvake. vanogara vachienda mberi kuti vawane zvavanoda.

Humambo Hwevanhu – Manusya

Ndiyo nzvimbo yakakosha yepfungwa kune vese vanodzidzira tsika dzechiBhudha, sezvo nzvimbo iyi yakavakirwa pakuda, rudo uye chishuvo kune zvinhu zvakanaka, ndiyo imwe yeakanakisa pakugona kwayo uye mikana yekukwanisa kukura mupfungwa, asi. mukuwedzera kuna ikoku, ndangariro dzinobudiswa pano, zvikurukuru idzo dzinowanwa muumambo hwavamwari.

Nyika yeVamwari - Devas

Vanhu vanofa vakaita vamwari vanogara pano, ihwo humambo hwakafarirwa zvachose hwerufaro uye mufaro, kudada kwemunhu kunotonga, mukati mehunhu hwavanahwo simba uye simba, sekunge vaive vamwari uye / kana vamwari vengano. Asi kunyangwe vari vamwari, nekuti ivo vanofa havatenderwe kuve vakuru kana vasiki vamwari.

Hunhu hwavo hukuru tariro, vanoshuvira kukunda uye ego, vanowana kubudirira nyore uye kana vangowanikwa, vanove vanoyevedza, zvikasadaro vanoramba vasina kukwana.

Nyika yevaDemigods - Asuras

Ushe uhwu hunotongwa nokukakavara kwehondo, negodo ravanorwa pakati pavo; vanogara muumambo uhwu vane upenyu hunofadza, asi vane godo neavo vanogara muumambo devas nokuti vanotenda vakaderera kwavari, sezvinoita vanhu vanocherekedza umambo hwemhuka dziri munyika Tiriyak-Yoni, pano karma inoratidzwa sechirongwa chekumuka chakafanana ne samsara.

mwarikadzi anodzivirira

Vamwari ava vanozivikanwa nekuda kwekunzwa kwavo kudzivirira kune avo vanovadaidza, inonzi Tare, uye yakanyatsobatanidzwa neTantric Buddhism, inotaura pfungwa yaamai vekusununguka, pamwe chete nehumwe unhu hwakadai setsitsi, vanhu, kubudirira mubasa uye adventures.

Zvinonzi mwanasikana wamambo azere neuchenjeri, anoyemurwa uye anodiwa, shanduro yechikadzi yevamwari vechiBhudha, kana vari vaKatorike iye Mhandara Maria, ane mwari uye anoremekedzwa munyika yose, nokuda kwechiBuddha ava vamwarikadzi vanorairidza vamwe uye nokuda kweichi chikonzero. vane rubatsiro rukuru uye kubatana mukuita kwetsika iyi.

Vamwe vamwarikadzi vechiBuddha vechikadzi

Kuti udzidze zvimwe zvishoma nezvevamwe vamwarikadzi vane pesvedzero mutsika yeBuddhism, heano mamwe akanyanya kukosha, ane maitiro avo:

Mwarikadzi Ekajati

Ndiye mumiriri wehuchenjeri, anoratidza banga mubvudzi rake dema, chifuva uye ziso. Mubatsiri wezvakanaka pane zvakaipa, inokweva nemirazvo yemoto, inomiririra kukunda kwayo kwakakwana.

Green Tārā Goddess

Mukadzi wekutanga Buddhist weTibet, Songtsen Gampo, uyo akamira akatanhamara pakupa dzidziso huru nemaitiro, anomiririra dziviriro kubva kungozi nechakaipa, anogumisa chinhu chose chisingafadzi kumunhu uye uyo anochikumbira nokutenda nokuzvipira, anopawo ngoni nokuporesa.

Mwarikadzi Kurukulla

Uyu mwarikadzi ndiye anotarisira kubatana kwevakaroorana; Kana iwe uchida kuwana simba, dziviriro uye shanduko, zvikumbiro uye mutero zvinofanirwa kubhadharwa kune uyu mwarikadzi weBuddhism. Iine ruvara rweganda dzvuku, maoko mana uye inobata mhete yebhuruu yekudzivirira iyo inoita kuti mweya yakaipa uye vamwari vanokuvadza vatize.

Mwarikadzi Maching Landrop

Akanga ari muteveri wokutanga Chod mahamudra, uyu mukadzi ane unhu hwechitendero, akasimba uye akatsunga, akanga ari mai vavaBuddha veMazera Matatu, vadudzwa pakutanga munyaya ino.

Mwarikadzi Norgyuma, Yellow Tārā

Uyu mwarikadzi akanaka anogona kupa hupfumi, huzhinji, budiriro uye rombo mune zvese zvikamu, zvese zvemweya nezvenyama, zvakare budiriro yedenga kune zvisikwa zvese zvipenyu munyika, kuburikidza nepfungwa nemoyo.

Mandarava Goddess

akazivikanwa se a dakini, yedzidziso yeIndia yechiBuddha, yekuve mumwe wevafambidzani ve padmasambhava, Akauya kuzozvitsaura semuperekedzi wevamwari veBuddhism.

Mwarikadzi Marici

Inonyanya kukumbirwa nevatendi vanofamba, inomiririra mambakwedza ezvisikwa. Suduruka zvipingamupinyi uye ine misoro mitatu, imwe yakatsvuka, imwe chena, uye yechitatu inguruve, ine maoko masere akabata zvombo uye zvinhu zvekudzivirira zvakaita setambo nemapfumo, yakagadzikwa pachigaro chinodhonzwa nenguruve nomwe vatema. .

Mwarikadzi Salgye Du Dalma

Paunenge uchidzidzira yoga, kufungisisa kana isu tichida kuva nekuzorora uye nehope dzakadzama, mwarikadzi uyu anokumbirwa, kuti adzivirire chiroto chinoyera isu takarara, nenzira iyi runyararo runowanikwa.

Mwarikadzi Samantabhadri

Ndiye mwarikadzi anofananidzira kusava nechinhu, kutanga kwekuchena seruvara chena uye akashama zvachose, anomiririra kuchena uye anozivikanwa zvikuru mutsika dzechiBuddha se "mukadzi wese akanaka".

White Tārā Goddess

Uyu mwarikadzi agere muchimiro chokufungisisa, tsoka imwe yakazorora paruva duku relotus, ziso rake retsitsi rakazaruka, pamwe chete nemichindwe yake miviri. Zvinoreva dziviriro, anotonga mudziviriri wevarombo, anopa zvipo zvakadai sedziviriro yemanzwiro, ruregerero uye tsitsi.

Mwarikadzi Palden Lhamo

Ndiye ega mwarikadzi anonamatwa nemamongi eTibet, sezvaanotorwa semusande we Lhasa and the Dalai Lama, ganda rake rakasviba uye rebhuruu, ane tsiye mumirazvo yemoto uye ndebvu, akabata muruoko rwake kapu yakagadzirwa kubva muuropi hwemwanakomana wake (sechiito chekufurirana chaaive nacho), anoramba akakomberedzwa nezvishwe zvetambo dzakagadzirwa nemisoro uye mukati. guvhu rake rinopenya uye rinoyevedza zuva dhisiki.

Mwarikadzi Tsongkhapa

Yeheti yake yeyero yakachengeterwa ivo gelugpa uye maoko ake ari munzvimbo yevhiri rinotenderera redzidziso, ari nyore kuziva uye kusiyanisa kubva kune vamwe vamwarikadzi vetsika dzechiBhudha. Uyu mwarikadzi akanyorwa zvakadzama somufananidzo muTibetan Buddhism, ane munondo pamativi ake unoratidzira uchenjeri pamwe chete nebhuku riri paruva relotus.

Mwarikadzi Vajrapani

Mumwe wevamwari vatatu vevamwari veBuddhism vanodzivirira tenzi Buddha, ndiye mwarikadzi. vajrapani simba. Anopfeka korona uye pamusoro payo ganda retiger rinomuputira, muruoko rwake rworudyi ane vajra yeTibetan (rudzi rwebhero), kune rumwe rutivi ane lasso yaanosunga nayo uye anobata vose vanopikisa Buddhist. tsika. , akakomberedzwa nemirazvo sechiratidzo chesimba rake pamusoro pezvakaipa.

Kwan Yin Mwarikadzi weNgoni

Uyu mwarikadzi anoremekedzwa zvikuru anozivikanwa saBuddha wechikadzi mukati mevamwari veBuddhism mutsika, ndiye mukadzi anoera muchitendero, sezvo achimiririra tsitsi netsitsi, pamwe nekuve mwarikadzi wekubereka, Saamai vevose uye a. mukadzi, anodzivirira vakadzi nevana vose pamusoro pezvose.

Vatendi vakawanda nevarapi vanosimbisa kuti kuberekwazve kwenzvimbo tsvene-tsvene Mhandara Maria muchiCatholic, vatendi vamwe chete ava vanoti havasati vapinda kudenga nekuti havana kukwanisa kusunungura munhu wese kubva mukutambudzika kwavo.

zviuru zvezvombo

Uyu mwarikadzi anonamatwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana pasi pemazita akasiyana uye anoshandiswa kune zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, muIran neJapan inonamatwa nezita re kannon uye inomirira umwari, nepo munzvimbo tsvene dzeTaiwan inofanira kuiswa kunze kworuremekedzo paatari huru, muChina somuTibet, muNorthwest uye Southeast Asia ndomumwe wavamwarikadzi vanokosha zvikurusa uye vepakutanga.

Chinobatanidza zvese zvinomiririra chiratidzo chetsitsi, kukanganwira uye tsitsi, zvakare ine basa rekushandurwa kweBuddha. Shakyamuni y Maitreya, muzvikoro zvechiBuddha vanohuchengeta mudzidziso dzavo dzose mukuranga nomukuita mibato inotungamirira kuruponeso kupfurikidza nebetsero yavo, vachirangarira kuti Buddha munhu akafanana nomumwe upi noupi uye saizvozvi vanogona kusvika nirvana.

esoteric

Ndiye mwarikadzi uyu anoshevedzwa kana pasina runyararo, ndiye anowanwa zvikurusa munzvimbo tsvene ipi neipi, sezvo achitofumurwa muatari dzemhuri. Inoratidzwa sechiratidzo chemukadziwo zvake, anopfeka korona muchimiro chaBuddha, mumaoko ake ane zvinhu zvinodzivirira, ruva romuouki nematavi emikonachando.

Vanamwari veBuddhism muchimiro chenzou

MuchiBuddha tsika kune kutenda kukuru kune nzou, mhuka idzi dzesimba, simba uye hukuru hunomiririra chisikwa chitsvene. Aya ndiwo aive madzitateguru pakabuda nyika nekuda kwekushanduka kwayo, muviri wayo unomiririra nyika uye makumbo ayo mana akasimba uye ane simba anomiririra zvinhu zvina zvinotsigira huremu hwe cosmos, mhuka idzi ndedzemweya chete sezvakaita uve wechiedza.

Chitendero chechiHindu chinorondedzera kuti mwari anoshamisa Ganesha iyo ine musoro wenzou, yakavamba pashure pengwavaira huru yenyika, akabata pamuviri pomwana wake wokutanga ndokumuzodza nomukaka unoyera unobva kunzou pamwe chete nename yesandalwood kuti igadzirire vamwe vana vayo vose.

Zvinotendwa nezve nzou dzechiBhudha

Tevere tichadoma zvinotendwa uye zvikumbiro zvinoshandiswa nevatendi ve nzou dzechiBhudha:

• Nhamba idzi dzinoshandiswa kudzivirira, rombo rakanaka mubhizinesi nemudzimba.
• Vadzidzi vanokukumbira kuti uvadzivirire, uvabatsire uye uvajekese mubvunzo dzese.
• Icho chiratidzo chakakwana che symbiosis kana kuchinjana kwesimba.
• Zvinounza kuchengeteka, kubudirira uye chokwadi mune zvinenge zvichiitwa.

Humwari uhu hwakakosha zvikuru, pamusi wegore rino mutambo mukuru unoitwa uchipa chikafu chakawanda, maruva nemichero kuna Mwari uyu. Mutsika iyi inodyiwa yakawanda uye chikafu chinotakurwa kumahombekombe eIndian Ocean kuti chitakurwe nemasaisai.

Maererano neIndia Buddhism, anopfuura makore 500 BC mayan queen Akagamuchira shura kune dzimwe nzou chena, uye mushure memwedzi mipfumbamwe yemimba akabereka mukomana aizova mambo mukuru, muchengeti akatendeka wevanhu vose.

Mwari ndipo pavakazvara siddhartha gautama ( Buddha ), seizvo vazivi venyeredzi vamambo vakanga vadeya kutaura, avo vakataura kuti munhurume aizoberekwa uyo aizova mambo wapasi nomudziviriri wavanhu. Muchokwadi, nekuda kwenyaya iyi, nzou dzinoremekedzwa uye dzinoyera kune tsika dzechiBuddha.

Vamwari vanonyanya kukosha veBuddhism

Muchikamu chino chechinyorwa ticharatidza nenzira yakapfava mamwe maBuddha ane zvaanoreva, manhamba nehumambo:

Shakyamuni

Iye ndiye wenhoroondo Buddha, akararama zvishoma kana zvishoma kutenderedza gore 600 BC, anoremekedzwa zvakanyanya semuvambi mukuru wechiBhudha uye anomiririrwa zvakakodzera nebvudzi rebhuruu nekuda kweaura inomutenderedza zvachose, agere munzvimbo yekufungisisa uye. pamakumbo ake ane mbiya yekupemha yakabatwa neruoko rweruboshwe, ruoko rwerudyi rwakagara pasi runodaidza pasi kuti ripupure.

Uyu Buddha anofunga kuti nyika uye/kana pasi rinofanira kuita sechapupu kunzira yake isingakanganisi yechiedza mukati mevamwari veBuddhism.

Maitreya

Izvo zvakapesana neiyo yapfuura bhudha, sezvo inomiririra Buddha yeramangwana, ndiyo yekupedzisira bhudha yepanyika yechina neyezvino nguva, inoumbwa semudzidzisi mukuru uye anofanirwa kuve ari kutungamira kutungamira vanhu kumashure. kuchiBuddha.

Ane chimiro chekugara nemakumbo ose ari pasi, sezvo nenzira iyi anogona kusimuka ndokugara pasi panguva imwe chete uye zvinoreva izvo zvichauya, anopfeka korona yemaruva akarukwa, ane chiratidzo muruoko rwake chinoratidza. the Dharmacakra, iro muchiBuddha rinoreva kudzidzisa.

Avalokiteshvara

Zvinoshamisa kuona uyu mwari wechiBhudha, sezvo misoro yake gumi neimwe chete uye maoko ake ane chiuru anoita kuti asaenzane pakati pemamwe maBhudha, zvisinei anomiririra tsitsi, sezvo achionekwa semutendi wevaTibetan. Ndiye mwari wechiedza, hunhu hwake hukuru ndehwekuva anonamata zvekuti haana kupfuura Nirvana kuti abatsire vanotambudzika uye avatungamirire kuruponeso.

Parizvino kune zvinopfuura zana nesere (108) zvinomiririra Mwari uyu Budha Avalokiteshvara, asi vose vanotakura korona yakaiswa pachiso chekupedzisira chepamusoro chiri chepamusoro-soro, chinoita kuti ive nemukurumbira mukuru.

Manjushri

Anonyatso zivikanwa saBuddha wehuchenjeri uye mabhuku echiBhudha, zvinoreva chiratidzo chakakura kune vadzidzi vanotenda veBuddhism, ndivo vanomukumbira nekumuremekedza kuti avape zvipo zveruzivo neuchenjeri. Anotakura chinyorwa kana bhuku pamusoro peruva duku relotus uye munondo unocheka zviratidzo zvisingazivi zveruzivo rwetsika, anoteverwa zvakanyanya nemamongi ose uye vadzidzi veBuddhist tsika.

Chikumbiro chinoitwa kuti chipe ndangariro, ruzivo, runyararo uye zvakare simba guru rekududzira zvinyorwa.

Mahakala

Ndiye mumwe wevadziviriri veiyi tsika yechiBhudha, uyu Mwari weBuddhism anoreva zvipoko, madhimoni uye masangano ekuwedzera akachinjirwa kuBuddhism, anozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekutsamwisa kwake munhu uye hukuru hukuru hwezvivezwa zvake.

kuBhudha Mahakala inogona kuwanikwa mumienzaniso yakamira, ine maziso matatu uye muruoko rwayo rworudyi inotakura banga revajra iro rinobvisa nayo maitiro asina kunaka uye maitiro akaipa; muruoko rwake rworuboshwe ane kapu muchimiro chedehenya, mumaoko ake kumashure akabata ngowani ine makona matatu uye datya, akapfeka ganda retiger uye korona yake inoumbwa nemadehenya mashanu, ayo anofananidzira nawo. ruvengo, makaro, kusaziva uye godo , mavari anogadzirira potions uye anobvisa zvachose manzwiro aya.

padmasambhava

Ihwo hunhu hwekuzvarwa muruva re lotus, rinogona kuwanikwawo nezita re Guru Rinpoche uye ndiye aive nebasa rekutanga rinonzwisisika reTibetan Buddhism. Sehunhu hukuru, anopfeka ngowani ine nzeve inoputika, ane ndebvu, muruoko rwake rworudyi akatakura vajra inofananidzira dhaimondi, nepo muruoko rwake rworuboshwe ane wand yemashiripiti ine katatu pamuromo wakabatidzwa mumoto.

Palden Lhamo

Anosiyaniswa nekuve iye ega mukadzi ane hutongi hukuru pakati pevamwari vese veBuddhism, ndiye muchengeti uye muchengeti wezvido zvese zvetsika iyi, anoonekwa semutendi wechitendero anopfeka heti dzeyero, kunyanya mu chikoro gelugpa yeTibetan Buddhism.

Mufananidzo uyu unoratidzwa wakaiswa panyurusi mugungwa reropa, wakakomberedzwa nezvishwe zvetambo dzeyero ine misoro gumi nemishanu yakachekwa, yebhuruu nedema, inoratidza mazamu ari kugwedera, muruoko mune mukombe une mukombe. yakagadzirwa nedehenya rendebvu dzemwanakomana wake netsiye zviri mumoto.

vajrapani

Ndiyo yakanyanya kusimba chiratidzo chesimba mune ino yekare uye ine mukurumbira tsika tsika, inowanikwa pamwe chete nevamwari veBuddhism: iyo Avalokiteshvarachii chinonzi tsitsi uye Manjushri Uchenjeri chii; vatatu vanoumba masangano ekudzivirira anodzivirira siddhartha gautama (Buddha), mumiriri wake wakakomberedzwa nemoto uye anofananidzira mavara a dharmapal.

Uyu Buddha anopfeka korona uye anopfeka ganda retiger raanozvifukidza naro, muruoko rwake rworudyi anotakura vajra uye muruoko rwake rworuboshwe lasso hombe kuti abate vavengi vose naavo vanopokana neiyi dzidziso yorudzidziso, vachiumba vamwari veBuddhism.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa pamusoro pevamwari veBuddhism

Kana tichitaura nezveBuddhism, zvakasiyana zvisingazivikanwe zvinomuka, ndosaka mimwe yemibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa iri:

1. Pane munhu angava muBhudha here? Hazvirevi kuti maBhudha ane mitemo uye / kana zvigadziro zvekukwanisa kuita chitendero ichi, zvakakwana kuti uve nemaitiro anowirirana, pasi pedzidziso dzakabudiswa neBuddhism, kuti uve wetsika iyi yeBuddha. Kana kuti zera chairo haridiwi, kungova nechido uye kutendiswa kwakasimba kwekuda kutevera nzira iyi zvakakwana.
2. Sei mamwe mamongi akapfeka orenji uye mamwe maroon? Izvi zvinoenderana nechikoro cheBhudha tsika yekudzidziswa kwavanodzidza uye/kana kudzidzira, zvinoenderanawo nedanho rekufambira mberi uye nedanho remumongi mukudzidziswa kwake.
3. Kana ndichida kuenda kunyika yechiBuddha, chii chandinofanira kuziva? Chinhu chakakosha uye chakakosha ndechekuti ivo vanoziva kuti vanofanirwa kuchengetedza ruremekedzo zvinoenderana nenyika idzo, pikicha yavanofuratira kumufananidzo kana kuti munhu wacho anoratidzika kuita zvakafanana, kwavari imhosva huru, kunyangwe. kutorwa semhosva.
4. Buddhism uzivi here kana kuti chitendero? Parizvino inoonekwa sehuzivi hwehupenyu, uhwo hunoenderana nerumwe chitendero nezvitendero, pamusoro peizvi zvinotikurudzira kuti tinzwisise mamiriro epfungwa anoitika zuva nezuva, zvakare zvakanaka kuziva kuti zvakare inotiratidza. mararamire uko kunobatsira ndiko kwakanakira vanhu vese.

Rufu maererano nemaBhudha

Kana zvasvika parufu, kune vaBuddha chokwadi ichi chinongotarisa kupfuudza kune humwe hupenyu, hunozogadzira kuzvarwa patsva kusvika pakusvika Nirvana, iyo iri paradhiso yavaBuddha, uye inoitika apo munhu wacho anenge apedza kudzidza kwake uye atowana uchenjeri hwomudzimu hwakakwana hwokuona zvokwadi yakakwana yechisiko chapose pose, kutaura idi, tsika yamariro echiBuddha inonzi. "The rite of passage".

Kana munhu wacho ava kuda kufa, tinoenderera mberi nekuverenga Bhuku revakafa, iyo inonzi Bar-do'i-thos-grol, Aya maverengero anoenderana nekukupa makiyi uye nhungamiro yekutevera paunenge uchifamba nzira yekuenda Nirvana, izvi zvinotora mazuva makumi mana nemapfumbamwe (49), umo michero nezvinwiwa zvinoiswa zuva nezuva kumweya wakafa.

Imwe sarudzo ndeyekupiswa kana kuvigwa mumvura inoshandawo, zvichisiya kune zvisikwa kuti zvione kupera kwemuviri wenyama wemushakabvu, saka mhuka nemaitiro echisikigo zvinoora muviri. Iye amene anonyengetererwa muzita ra siddhartha gautama ( Buddha ), jira jena rinoiswa pachiso chake kuti rirege kudzongonyedza muitiro wacho kwemazuva matatu (3) uye pashure pacho, rinoiswa mubhokisi rake romufi kuti rimutarisire.

Rufu runopembererwa nekurangarirwa gore negore uye panguva yekusvitsa makore makumi mana nemapfumbamwe (49) emushakabvu, mhemberero huru inoitwa.

Mashoko echiBuddha

Pane mazwi akakosha aBuddha atinogona kutaura kwaari, sezvo achave erubatsiro rukuru rwemanzwiro uye kufungisisa kwekuzviziva, pazasi ndemamwe acho:

• "Kana iwe usingaoni kuti uri kukura mukati, usamira kufunga kuti hausi kushanduka ... kune zvinhu zvinoshandura mukunyarara zvachose."
• "Chokwadi sarudzo ichagara iri yako ... pakati pekutambura kusingagoneki uye kurwadziwa kusingagadzirike."
• "Tarisa pane mufaro wekugara munzvimbo yaunogara nhasi uye unakirwe nenguva yako yazvino."
• "Zvose zvatiri zvichagara zvakagadzirirwa ... zvatiri kunze uye zvatichava mukati, saka chengetedza zvose."
• "Zvichagara zviri nani kukwana uye kuzvichengeta ... pane kuedza kutarisira uye kuenderana nenyika."
• "Kana chimwe chinhu chichikukonzera kusagadzikana, kushungurudzika uye kutambura ... usakonzerese kune avo vakakupoteredza."
• "Pfuma haisi mune avo vane yakawanda ... iri mune avo vanoda zvishoma kubva kune vamwe."
• "Paunenge uchida kunzwisisa zvakawanda ... zviri nani kukanganwa zvakawanda zvakaenzana."

Mhedziso

Sezvakacherechedzwa munyaya yacho yose, vamwari vechiBuddha vanomirira vanhu vane simba, vakasimba muunhu uye mumweya, vakazara nesimba uye pamusoro pezvose dzidziso yokupa nokuzivikanwa navanhu vose, vanochengeta chimiro chavo vamene nemararamire pamatanho ayo ose. Vamwari veBuddhism vakakwirira, ivo vakasiyanawo neumambo hwevanhu, vachinyatsojekesa kuti chinhu chimwe kuva Mwari weBuddhism uye chimwe chinofanira kuva. siddhartha gautama (Bhudha).

Paradhiso inongosvikwa nevamwari vakapfuura nzira yese yekupedzisira, chinovasiyanisa kubva kune vamwari vazhinji ndechekuti ivo havasati vasvika zvizere. Nirvana nechisarudzo chake, uye chikonzero ivavariro yake inoshamisa yekubatsira uye kugovera huzivi hwehupenyu, iyo yakarongedzwa mudzidziso, inoita kuti uone nzira yakakodzera kwazvo yekurarama munguva dzino dzekuchinja.

Sayenzi yechokwadi yechitendero ichi iri muvamwari vayo vakuru uye vanoshamisa veBuddhism, ivava kuti kuburikidza nezvipo zvavo uye hunhu chaihwo, vanobatsira vanhu kuwana runyararo rwekushuvira kwavo zviroto nezvinangwa, mukuwedzera kune izvi tichadoma humwe hunhu Chii. kudzidzira chiBuddha kunounza here?

• Kuzvininipisa.
• Kushivirira.
• Runyararo rwepfungwa.
• Rudo.
• Simplicity.
• Simba remukati.
• Impermanence.
• Kushivirira.
• Ndinoremekedza.
• Kuonga.
• Kushanda nesimba.
• Mafungiro akanaka.

Vamwari veBuddhism ndivo vakakwana uye vakakosha zvisikwa kana tichitaura nezve chitendero ichi, nekuda kwehukuru hwavo uye hukuru mukutarisana nezvinetso uye zvikumbiro zvakaitwa kwavari, vanounza pamwe chete nerunyararo rwekuwana izvo zvinodiwa, kusimbiswa kwe. manzwiro uye hunhu. , bvisa zvikanganiso uye shandura muono wezvinhu kune zvakasikwa.

Zvino, Buddhism haifanirwe kuvhiringika neHinduism, saka isu ticharatidza mutsauko unotevera, kuitira kuti nenzira iyi upedze ruzivo rwepasirese rwechinyorwa ichi:

• Chitendero cheBuddhism chine muvambi wekutanga uyo ari siddhartha gautama (Buddha), chiHindu hachina muvambi.
• siddhartha gautama (Buddha) ndiye munhu mukuru wevamwari vechiBuddha, nepo muchiHindu vamwari vanokosha zvikurusa vari. Ganesha, Vishnu, Shiva, Kali, pakati pevamwe vazhinji.
• Senzvimbo dzekuzvipira, chiBuddha chine dzimba dzemamongi netembere dzechiBhudha, pagodas, viharas uye stupas, uye maHindu ane tembere chete.
• Pakati pemaitiro anozivikanwa echiBuddhism kufungisisa uye Nzira yeEight Noble Practices, kune rumwe rutivi muHinduism kune kufungisisa, yoga, kufungisisa, jnana uye zvipo mumatemberi.
• Ivo vese vane magwaro matsvene asi Buddhism inotsigira izwi re Iyo Pali Canon uye muchiHindu vanotevera magwaro anoera anonzi The Bhagavad-gita, The Mahabharata, The Puranas and the Ramaiana.

Kufungisisa

Tinofanira kutaura nechivimbo chose kuti ruzhinji rwevaBhudha haruna chisimba, uye ruzhinji rwevaMuslim havasi magandanga, zvisinei neizvi, vakatambudzwa nezvitendero zvidiki senge. ChiIslram and the Chikirisitu. Nekudaro, ichokwadi kuti Buddhism, yakasanganiswa nezvematongerwo enyika, dzinza kana nyika, inogona kuve nengozi sezvo ichave inofarira zvakasiyana uye maBhudha anofanira kuita nenzira yakanakisa maererano nekudzidza kunowanikwa.

Kupedzisa, tinogona kutaura kuti vamwari veBuddhism vane dzidziso dzakapfuma kwazvo, iri imwe yezvitendero zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa pasirese, zvisinei, havasi vanhu vese vanoziva izvo vateveri vavo, vatendi uye adepts vanotenda chaizvo, avo vanoziva uye vanonzwisisa vanoziva izvozvo. tsika yechiBuddha iyi inopfuura chitendero chakadaro.

Sezvo chinhu chikuru ndechokuwana uye kubudirira kukura kwega, pamwe nekukura kwemaitiro akanaka uye mitemo yekugara pamwe chete, umo mutsa, tsitsi uye rudo zvinogona kusimbiswa.

Pasina kukanganwa kuti munhu anonyatsopindirana, mukati uye kunze, munhu anokwanisa kuzadzisa zvinangwa, kubudirira uye mikana yaanoda, achivimba chete nezvishandiso zvinodiwa, kukwanisa kushandisa chitendero, zvematongerwo enyika kana pfungwa anonzwa akasununguka, uye izvi zvinokupa kugadzikana mupfungwa, manzwiro uye kunyange kugadzikana kwemari.

Kana munhu akwanisa kuita zviri pamusoro apa, anenge ari munhu achapa mirangariro yake nezivo negutsikano huru nouchenjeri, achaziva nzvimbo iyo muvakidzani wake anobata uye achamupa ukoshi hunodiwa nomumwe nomumwe muupenyu hwake nomupfungwa. nharaunda yake, achiva mbiru inokosha ichi kuchinja uye kukwikwidzana nzanga pakati varume nevakadzi vanhu kuti tinotarisana zuva nezuva. Kuti usimudzire kuziva kwako uye kuve nekusangana nezvisikwa zvizere nesimba remweya, unogona kutarisa iyo mutumwa anodana.