Iyo nymphs yehuni, zvimwari zviduku zvezvisikwa

ari nymphs yehuni ivo vanhu vanoshamisa, vakazvarwa nemasimba echisikigo. Mufananidzo wake unotsanangurwa nemuviri wechikadzi wakanaka kwazvo uye une hunhu hwausingachembera, muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza zvese nezvevamwari vadiki.

Nymph

Iyo nymphs yehuni maererano nengano dzechiGiriki ndevakadzikadzi-vamwarikadzi vane nzvimbo yakaderera uye vanogara munzvimbo inobatanidzwa nezvisikwa, sezvo ndiko kwavanobva, ndiko kuti, vanogara mumakomo, nzizi, madziva kana masango. Pamusoro pezvo, vainzi maOlympians, nekuti vakadanwa nevamwari veOlympus kuti vasangane navo, vaivewo vanasikana ve Zeus

Vasikana vakanaka vanogara vakashama vamwe vakashama semi, vanofara kwazvo, vanoimba nekutamba uye vanodawo. Vanowanzogara mumakomo, nzizi, madziva, zvichienderana nekwavanogara vanonzi Nereids, Oreads y naiads, vamwe vadetembi vakarondedzera muchidimbu nezvavo uye vaigarotaura kuti vhudzi ravo rakanga riri ruvara rwegungwa.

Izvi zvisikwa zvinoyevedza hazvizivi kuti kukwegura chii, uye hazvifi nechirwere chipi zvacho. Uye kazhinji vanobereka vana vavamwari, ivava vangave vasingafi, kunyange zvazvo vasingafi, nokuti chaizvoizvo vanogona kufa munzira dzakawanda. Asi nyanduri wechiGiriki anozivikanwa sa Homer, Aitenda nemwoyo wose kuti zvisikwa izvi zvinoshamisa zvechokwadi zvakanga zvisingafi uye akazvitaura mubhuku rake rakakurumbira Iyo Iliad uye nemhaka yokuti vakanga vari vamwarikadzi vainamatwawo nezvibairo, anonyora ikoku mubhuku rake The odyssey.

Ikoko Homer inoita tsananguro yakadzama pamusoro pemimwe mitambo yenyati pavakaperekedzana Artemis, mwarikadzi wemasango, nenzira imwe cheteyo yavaiwanzotamba, kuimba uye kuruka nguo dzakaisvonaka, apo vaitarira mugumo wavanhu vanofa. Maererano nedzimwe ngano dzechiGiriki, nymphs dzaibatsira vamwe vamwari vakuru, vakadai sevanotyisa Apollo kanawo Mwari wewaini anozvikudza Dionisio.

Nenzira imwe cheteyo vakabatsira vamwari vakaoma kudaro pani y Hermes. Muchato wengano pakati penymph natateguru waiitwa kakawanda uye izvi zvaive nemukurumbira, sezvo mubatanidzwa uyu waiwanzopa simba rakawanda kuna mambo nedzinza rake.

Etymology

Wood nymphs zviratidzo zvezviito izvo zvakasikwa zvakasikwa kuti zvive zvekugadzira uye zvinonyaradza, zvinenge zvichigara zvichibatanidzwa nekuyerera kwezvitubu. Aya ndiwo maitiro anoita nyanzvi yenganonyorwa dzechiGiriki walter burkert, painoti:

“Pfungwa yokuti nzizi ndivanamwari vengano dzechiGiriki uye manyuko inyimfi youmwari, yakadzika midzi zvikuru kwete bedzi munhetembwa asiwo muzvitendero nemiitiro; kunamatwa kweava vamwari kunoganhurirwa bedzi neidi rokuti ivo vanobatanidzwa zvisingaparadzanisiki nenzvimbo yakati”.

Zvinofanira kuwedzerwa kuti muchiGiriki izwi νύμφη inomiririra mwenga uye akafukidzwa, zvinoreva kuti mukadzi wechidiki wezera rekuroora. Uye maererano Hesychius weAlexandria,  νύμφη zvinoreva rosebud.

Kugadziriswa

Midzimu yeGreek nymphs yakabatanidzwa neLatin "genius loci", iriwo mweya inodzivirira, uye nguva zhinji paive nekukanganisika kukuru mukuendesa zvitendero, izvo zvakaonekwa zvakajeka mungano yakatungamira kune nymph. Arethusa kuSicily. Kune vamwe vadetembi vechiLatin muchiGiriki, vanotsanangura kuti kutora kwakaitika zvishoma nezvishoma uye nemapoka, kune vamwari vechizvarwa cheItaly muzvitubu uye munzira iyo mvura yakatora (Juturna, Egeria, Carmenta, Fonto).

Kusiyana neizvi, nymphs dzechiGiriki dzakaberekerwa kuLumpae kana vamwarikadzi vemvura yeItaly, vaigona kuzivana kunyange zvazvo mazita avo akafanana. Hazvigoneki kuti kupatsanurwa kwakapihwa nevadetembi veRoma kwakave nesimba rakawanda pane dzimwe tsika nezvitendero zveumwe neumwe nymphs, ainamatwa nevarimi mumatsime nemakoni eLatium. Uyewo shanyira zvinyorwa zvedu pa Ngirozi huru.

Kurongwa uye munamate

Mhungu dzakakamurwa kuita mapoka makuru, kunyangwe aive asina magumo. Muboka rekutanga maive nevose vaionekwa sevamwari vakaderera uye vaizivikanwawo mumanamatiro avaiita mumasikirwo. Kutaura idi, vamwe vaGiriki vekare vakataura kuti chinoitika chakaitika muchisiko chakanga chiri nemhaka yokuti munzira yakati umwari hwairatidzira.

Kwavari, zvinhu zvakanga zvakajairika zvikuru, zvakadai senzizi, mapako, matsime, makomo nemiti, zvaiva noupenyu uye ndicho chikonzero zvakanga zviri zviratidziro zvakajeka zvevamiririri vakawanda voumwari.

Kureva kuti simba rose ramasikirwo aiva naro, kusanganisira betsero dzazvo, rakanga riri chimiro chomunhu wavamwari vazhinji uye mirangariro yose iyo munhu aigona kuva nayo paanenge achirangarira chimwe chiono chikuru chechisiko chakadai sokufara kana kuti mafaro, kutya kana kuti kutya, kwainzi kwaikonzerwa zviito zvevamwari vezvakasikwa.

Kana riri boka rechipiri renyifu, vaive vamiriri vemarudzi, marudzi nematunhu e Kuirini, pakati pezvimwe. Boka rekutanga re nymphs rakakamurwa zvakare kuva marudzi akati wandei, zvese zvinoenderana nezvikamu zvechisikigo zvavaimiririra:

Nymphs yechinhu chemvura

Tinofanira kutanga tatumidza nyufu dzegungwa, iyo Oceanids (Ὠκεανίδε) kana nymphs dzemugungwa, dzavaiona sevanasikana vegungwa, kunewo nymphs dzeGungwa reMediterranean uye zvaitendwa kuti vaiva vanasikana vegungwa. Nereusndosaka vakadanwa Nereids (Νηρεΐδες). Chimiro chenzizi chaive chikamu che Pothamides (Ποταμηΐδες), uye sezvo vaive vamwari venzvimbo vakabhabhatidzwa zvinoenderana nerwizi, se Acheloids, Anigrides, Amnisíades o Pactolides.

Idzi nyufu dzemvura yakachena, senzizi, madziva, hova kana matsime, dzaive nezita rekuti naiads (Νηΐδες), asi ivo vaivewo nemazita avo akafanana creneas (Κρηναῖαι), Pegeas (Πηγαῖαι), Limnatides (Λιμνατίδες) kana Lemonades (Λιμνάδες). Nymphs dzenzizi dzeUnderworld dzakataurwa se "nymphs of the infernal swamp" ndokusaka zita ravo rechiLatini rakanzi. Nymphae infernae paludis and the avernal vaitonga mvura kana matsime.

Vaitenda kuti vakafemera vanhu vanonwa mvura yavo, nekuti paive nekutenda kwakawanda kuti njuzu dzaive dzizere nemasimba mazhinji. Vapristi kana vafemberi vakakwezvwa nezvitendero izvi ndosaka vainwa mvura, vainzi “nymphilepts” (νυμφύληπτοι). Saka dzimwe nguva vanhu vazhinji vaienda kunonwa mvura yemunzvimbo idzi nekuti vaitove nekutenda kuti inovabatsira pautano hwavo, nekuti mushure mekunwa mvura huru iyi hutano hwavo hwakabva hwawedzera.

Ndosaka vanhu vainamata njuzu dzemvura nemvura hydriades, pamwe Dionysus y demeter, vamwari vechiGiriki, nokuti vakashumirawo kudiridza zvinomera uye kupedza nyota yezvisikwa zvose zvipenyu uye izvo zvakazadza zvikomborero zvakawanda kuzvisikwa zvose zvaigara imomo, ndicho chikonzero vaigara vachibhadhara mutero, vachivapa kutaura kwakawanda, mazita uye zvishongedzo zvakadai se καρποτρόφοι, αἰπολικαί, νόμιαι ('mazita'), κουροτρόφοι ('kerotrophs') nevamwe.

Pesvedzero yakawanda yakaunganidzwa muchisiko chose ndokusaka vakanga vane ukama hwapedyo zvikuru navamwe vamwari vakuru sa Apollo, mwari wouporofita aidzivirira mombe namakwai, pamwe chete Sagebrush, kuti ndiye muvhimi uye kuti aidzivirira sango, sezvo aimbove arcadian nymph, aive zvakare. Hermes akanga ari mwari wemombe. Dionysus mumwe ane chingwa nem Silenus and the satyrs, vaifambidzana navo pakutamba napamafundo.

Nymphs dzemakomo nemapako

Mhungu idzi dzainzi Oreads (Ὀρειάδες) uye Orodemaniades (Ὀροδεμνιάδες) uye vaidzidaidzawo nemamwe mazita anobva mumakomo mavaigara, senge. Cytheronides (Κιθαιρωνίδες), Peliades (Πηλιάδες) uye Corycias (Κορύκιαι).

Nymphs yehuni, masango uye mafuro

Mhungu dzehuni dzainzi alseides (Ἀλσηΐδες), Ὑληωροί, Auloniades (Αὐλωνιάδες) uye napeas ( Ναπαῖαι ), uye vanhu vakawanda vaidavira kuti vaiwanzoita sevanotyisidzira avo vaiva netsika yokufamba vari voga. Mhungu dzemumiti dzaitendwawo kuti dziriko, zvinonzi nyini idzi panguva yadzinofa dzinoita izvi pamwe chete nemuti wadzakazovapo uye kwadzakagara kusvika parufu.

Mhungu idzi dzinonzi, Adrianes (Ἀδρυάδες) kana Dryads ( Δρυάδες ), havangogari mumiti yemiouki chete, vanogonawo kuwana pokugara mumuti wakakura uye unoyevedza.

Boka rechipiri renyifu

Boka rechipiri iri rakapiwa zita zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzavaiva neukama, vaigona kudanwa Nisiades, Dodonidas o Lemnias. Ivo zvakare vane hukama hwepedyo nemamwe marudzi ndosaka vachidaidzwawo Νύμφαι χθόνιαι.

Idzi nymphs dzesango dzainamatwa zvakanyanya, dzichipa zvibayiro semutero kumbudzi, makwayana, mukaka nemafuta, asi kwete waini. Vainamatwa uye vaikudzwa neatari dzakasiyana-siyana dzavavaka munzvimbo dzakawanda muGirisi yose, atari idzi dzaiva muOlympia, Attica, Megara, Cirtones, Sisión neFliunte.

mutsika dzemazuva ano

Parizvino mutsika dzemazuva ano, nymphs dzine kukosha kukuru, dzinozivikanwa kupfuura chero chinhu muGreek folklore. Sezvinoratidzwa pasi apa:

ngano yechiGiriki yemazuva ano

Vanhu vazhinji muGreece yekare vaiva nechokwadi chokuti nymphs dzakapona munzvimbo dzakawanda munyika ino, kunyange muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, uye vaizviziva chaizvo, sezvo vaiva nereids. Munyori John Cuthbert Lawson Panguva iyoyo akarondedzera zvinotevera:

zvichida hapana kona kana musha muGreece yose umo vakadzi vasingatori matanho ekuzvidzivirira pamusoro pekuba uye uipi hweNereids, asi varume vakawanda vanoramba vachiwanikwa vanorondedzera mukutenda kwakanaka nyaya dzekunaka kwavo, chido uye caprice. . Haisati ichingova bedzi nhau yokutenda: kanopfuura kamwe ndakave ndiri mumataundi umo maNereid akati akanga aonekwa navanhu vanoverengeka (zvishomanene ivo vaiti), uye pakanga pane saona yakaisvonaka pakati pezvapupu mukurondedzera chitarisiko chavo nechipfeko.^"

Nhungu dzemusango dzaifarira kuenda kunzvimbo dzaive kure nevanhu, idzo dzakangoita rombo rakanaka rekusangana nemumwe wavo, vaive varume vaifamba vega kumucheto kwemaguta aya, vakafarira kuteerera Vakavashora masikati nousiku, vachishamba munzizi, vachiimba nokutamba.

Vamwe vanhu vaiti kusangana nenjuzu musoro kwaireva kuti vaigona kupinda munjodzi huru, vakapengesana navo zvekusvika pakupenga, vamwe voita mbeveve kana kuti pfari. Zvaiva zvakawanda zvokuti kana vabereki vaiva nechokwadi chokuti mwana wavo akanga aroyiwa nechimwe cheizvi, vakabva vangonamata Mutsvene Artemidos kuti abvise chitsinga, zvinonzi vakawanda vakafa nekuda kwekupfimbana uku.

pabonde

Kazhinji muzvinyorwa, nymphs inowanzomiririrwa sevakadzi vakanaka vanogona kuchengetedza hukama, vose nevakadzi nevarume, pasi pekuda kwavo. Iri izwi rinowanzo shandiswa muvanhu vane maitiro akafanana, vachisiya varume kunze, hongu.

Imwe yengano dzinozivikanwa zvikuru dzengano dzechiGiriki ndedzekuti Eurydice y Orpheus, inotaura izvozvo Orpheus Aigara achitambudzwa nenjuzu nekuda kwerwiyo rwake rwakanaka, asi pavakarambwa namwari uyu, vakabva varasika njere uye chokwadi pakanga pasina mugumisiro wakanaka.

Ndicho chikonzero nei shoko rokuti "nymphomania" rakanzi nenyanzvi dzepfungwa dzemazuva ano kuratidza chido chepabonde uye kuramba uchiita zvepabonde kakawanda, zvokuti rinoonekwa sechinhu chinoshamisa. Nyanzvi zvakare nhasi dzakaripa rimwe izwi rakadai se "hypersexuality" nekuda kwekushandiswa kwakapararira kwaipihwa "nymphomania", uye kuti inogona kushandiswa kune ese murume nemukadzi.

Vakatanga kushandisa izwi rekuti “nymphet” vachireva vasikana vaihura. Iri izwi rakava nemukurumbira nekuda kwenovel Lolita de Vladimir Nabokov, apo protagonist anoshandisa izwi iri kakawanda kana achireva lolita.

Kurongeka kwenyati

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzenyati, idzo dzinogara munzvimbo dzakasiyana musango. Mazita eiyi nymphs anobva kunzvimbo idzo dzavanogara uye saka anoiswa sezvizvi:

Huni uye nyika nymphs

Iyo yakaoma kana nymphs yemasango mweya yemiti yemiouki nemiti mikuru inowanikwa mumasango, idzi nyuchi zvisikwa zvinoshamisa zvinoberekwa kubva kumasimba echisikigo, mazita avo uye zvirevo zvinotevera:

• Alseides, zita iri rakapihwa kune avo vaive nehukama nemakoronga, masango.
• Auloníades, izita remhungu dzine chekuita nehuswa.
• Leimáchides kana Limónides, aya ndiwo mazivirwo anoitwa vadziviriri vemafuro.
• Napeas, ndiyo nzira yekuziva nymphs yemumipata yemakomo nemipata.
• Oréades kana Orestíades, inoshandiswa kureva nymphs yemakomo nemapako.
• Nymphs yemasango nemiti.
• Anthousai, ndiyo nzira yakanakisa yekuziva maruva nymphs.
• Dryads, ndozvakaita kuti nyifi dzemuti dzizivikanwe.
• Hamadríades kana Hadríades, dzimwe sarudzo dzekuziva miti nymphs.
• Daphneas, saka iwe unogona kuziva nymphs dziri mumuti wemurairi.
• Epimelíades kana kuti Epimélides, mazita aya aishandiswa kuzivisa nyifu dzaidzivirira mombe.
• Boucolai, nokudaro nyifu dzehufundisi dzakaonekwa.
• Kissiae, yenymphs ine hukama ne ivy.
• Melias, idzi ndidzo nymphs dzine chekuita nemiti yemadota.
• Hyleoroi, idzi dzaive nhunzvatunzva dzemusango.

Mvura nymphs (mvura yakachena)

Mhungu idzi dzinozvarwa kubva munzizi dzemvura yakachena nemadziva, matsime, hova, matsime, zvitubu nemadziva. Chaizvoizvo idzi nymphs vanasikana vemvura, pazasi tichataura mazita avo uye nehukama hwavo:

• Creneas, ndeaya ane hukama nematsime nematsime.
• Heleades, ane hukama nemachakwi nemachakwi.
• Limnades kana Limnátides, inogona kuwanikwa mumadziva.
• Pegeas, ari mumatsime nemapopoma.
• Potámides, idzi dziri muhova nehova.
• Oceánidas, ndidzo nyundo dziya dziri munzizi; hanzvadzi dzeOceanids.
• Oceánides, ndidzo nymphs dzine chekuita nemvura yemunyu.
• Nereids, vanasikana makumi mashanu ve Nereus, Gungwa reMediterranean.
• Mermaids, vaigara pachitsuwa chiri muMediterranean pamberi peSorrento.

Underworld Nymphs

Idzi ndidzo nymphs dzakazvarwa dzakananga munyika yerima nemidzimu, dzinowanzobatanidzwa nehuroyi uye mazhenje. Nymphs dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzepasi pasi ndeye Lampades, idzo shamwari dze Hecate, mwarikadzi wemidzimu nemweya. Heano nymphs dzinozivikanwa dzepasi pevhu:

• Cocythias vanasikana vamwari werwizi Cocytus.
• Lampades, vese avo vakatakura mazhenje mumusangano we Hecate.
• Cabírides, ndozvinoita hanzvadzi dzemu mbudzi.
• Hecaterides, izita reavo vane chekuita nekutamba kwerustic; hanzvadzi dze dactyl, vanamai ve Oreads uye Satyrs.
• Melissa, nyuchi; boka re Oreads o Epimelides.
• Maenads kana Bacaes kana Bacchantes, idzi ndidzo nymphs dzinotyisa dzekuenderera kwe Dionysus.
• Lenas, vanoshanda muchisviniro chewaini.
• Mimalones, avo vakaita mimhanzi.
• Naides, anozivikanwawo seNayádes.
• Tíades kana Tías, avo vose vakanga vari vatakuri ve thyrsus, tsvimbo yakafukidzwa nemashizha yakafanana netsvimbo.
• Muses, ndivo vaimiririra zvaive zvine chekuita nendangariro, ruzivo uye hunyanzvi.
• Themides, vanasikana ve Zeus y Themis, vaporofita nevachengeti vezvimwe zvinhu zvamwari.

nymphs dzokudenga

Idzi ndidzo nyufi dzakazvarwa kubva kunyeredzi. Vanogara pakati pemhepo nemadutu echando, mumakore nemhepo. Ndivo vanasikana vekudenga uye vanogara vari mumhepo. Heano mazita avo nezvazvinoreva:

• Auras, Aurae kana Aurai, 'mhepo', inonziwo Aetae kana Pnoae.
• Asterias, 'nyeredzi'.
• Atlantis, vanasikana ve Atlas.
• Hesperides, infas yekumadokero, vanasikana ve atirasi.
• Gondo, zvinoreva 'kupenya' kana 'kunaka'.
• Hyades, ndidzo nhunzvatu dziya dzaiita mvura.
• Pleiades, ava ndivo vaiva vanasikana venyati atirasi y Pleyone, inozivikanwawo seOreads.
• Maya, nezita iri rainzi mai va Hermes game Zeus.
• Nepheles, ine chokuita nemakore.

Chekupedzisira, iyi vhidhiyo inotevera inopa rumwe ruzivo kuzadzisa zvese zvirimo zvatakasimbisa mune ino chinyorwa nezve nymphs yehuni. Kana iwe wakafarira chinyorwa chedu, tinokukoka iwe kuti uenderere mberi uchiverenga nezvazvo. Phoenix, chimwe chisikwa chinoshamisa.