Tinokukoka iwe kuti uzive ngano dzechiRoman akatanhamara zvikurusa kubvira apo akashandiswa navaRoma kuzviyero zvakanga zvichitambanuka nokukunda nharaunda kutozosvikira pakuva Hushe Hukuru hweRoma. Muchinyorwa chino tichakutaurira nyaya dzechiRoman nengano dzanga dzakakosha kungano dzechiRoman.Ramba uchiverenga chinyorwa uye udzidze zvakawanda nezvetsika dzechiRoma!
ngano dzechiRoman
Ngano dzechiRoma ingano dzezvitendero zvaive nadzo nzanga yeRoma yeRoma yekare, inoumbwa nekuti vaRoma munguva iyoyo yenhoroondo vaive netsika dzakanyanya sezvo vaimiririra ngano nezvitendero zvepakutanga.
Kwakunogonawo kutaurwa kuti ngano dzeRoma dzakanga dziri musanganiswa wakaitwa navadetembi veRoma vachigamuchira ngano nengano kubva kune mamwe marudzi, akadai seayo evaGiriki, vachigamuchira nhau pamusoro pavamwari namavara emuitiro mukuru wenguva idzodzo. Nenzira iyi, ngano dzeRoma dzakanyanya kukosha apo vanhu veRoma vakawana simba uye vakava Humambo hukuru.
Pamwe chete nokutora rutivi kwevanyori veRoma vakadai saVirgil naOvid, avo vakanyora ngano dzechiRoma dzeukoshi hukuru ndokuparadzira ngano dzechiRoma kumativi mazhinji enyika, vachipa zviverengero sezviratidziro sezvazvakagara nokufamba kwenguva, zvakadai saAeneas, Vesta, Juno. uye vavambi veRoma pachayo vaizivikanwa saRomulus naRemus.
Mavambo uye Hunhu hwengano dzeRoma
Maererano nenyanzvi uye vatsvakurudzi vezvinyorwa zveRoma. MaRoma akange asina nyaya dzakatevedzana sezvo vamwari vavo vaifananidzwa nevamwari vechiGiriki nekuti vadetembi vekuRoma vakasarudza kutora mhando dzechiGiriki kuti vataure ngano dzechiRoma pakupera kwenguva yeRoman republic. Asi izvo zvawaive nazvo muHumambo hweRoma zvaive:
- Vakanga vane gadziriro yakabudirira zvikuru yetsika nemitambo, pamwe chete neboka rezvikoro zvouprista neboka ramwari apo vamwari vaipindirana.
- Iyo yakapfuma kwazvo seti yengano dzeRoma uye nhoroondo kwavakaungana uye kubva ipapo hwaro nekusimuka kweguta kwakaumbwa nezviito zvevanhu vakasiyana nekupindira kweapo neapo nevamwari veRoma.
Vazhinji vaongorori vakaita basa panhoroondo yeRoma vakataura kuti Humambo hweRoma hwakagadzira humwechete uye panguva imwechete yakasarudzika tsika. Asi kuwedzera ruzivo rwedzimwe tsika, kunyanya ngano dzechiGiriki, ndosaka maitiro makuru engano dzechiRoma ari anotevera:
- VaRoma vakanga vakapindwa muropa zvikuru nezvitendero zvavo navamwari vavo.
- Ngano dzechiRoman dzinorondedzera nhoroondo yevamwari vavo dzinotanga kuoneka dzatosvika panguva yerepublic apo vadetembi veRoma vanotanga kunyora nyaya dzakafanana nedzechitendero cheGirisi.
- Vanamwari veRoma vaiva nemaitiro akawanda uye mashandisiro aiita kuti vasiyane nevamwe vamwari.
- MaRoma aive nenhamba yevamwari vakasiyana pachiitiko chimwe nechimwe sekuchengetedza mhuka, zvisikwa, uye mabasa ekurima.
- VaRoma vakapa basa chairo kuna mwari mumwe nomumwe weRoma raiva nechokuita zvikuru nemabasa evanhu.
Yakanyanya Kuzivikanwa Ngano dzeRoma uye Ngano
Hushe hweRoma hwave hunozivikanwa nengano dzechiRoman uye ngano dzakataurwa kuburikidza nehwaro hwahwo uye hukama hwahwaive nahwo nevamwari vengano vakamiririrwa nanyanduri Ovid, anova mumwe wenyanzvi dzezvinyorwa zveRoma. ngano nengano.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero vaRoma vagara vachitenda mune zvemweya uye zvakaratidzwa mungano dzechiRoma uye ngano dzakataurwa kubva pakuvambwa kweRoma nehumambo hweRoma. Ndosaka tine pakati pengano dzechiRoma dzinonyanya kukosha dzinotevera:
Nhema dzeRoma dzeRomulus naRemus
VaRoma vanozvirumbidza nengano dzeRoma dzakapfuma uye dzakasiyana-siyana uye ngano pamusoro penheyo uye kuwedzera kweguta ravo rokutanga, ngano inokosha zvikuru yeRoma iri yaRomulus naRemus, umo zvinonzi vanakomana vaviri ava nemapatya vaiva vana vaRhea Silvia. uye kubva kuMars.
Sekureva kwemudetembi Virgil, kushanya kwehama idzi Romulus naRemus kwakabatana nekuvambwa kweRoma. Kunyange zvazvo ngano yeRoma inotanga pavanoberekwa muAlba Longa uye vanoonekwa sechinhu chinotyisa zvikuru naMambo Amulius, uyo kuti azviponese akarayira mapatya kuti asiiwe pamahombekombe eRwizi rweTiber.
Panguva iyoyo vacheche vaisiiwa kuti vafire murwizi. Asi Tiberius baba vengano verwizi. Akavarega vachiponeswa uye vakararama vachichengetwa nemhumhi. Mhumhi iyi yakasarudza kuvachengeta uye kuvayamwisa mubako pedyo neLupercal.
Nokufamba kwenguva, hama mbiri dzakawanikwa nemufudzi anonzi Faustulus. Akavawana uye asingazive kuti mapatya aiva ani, akavatora ndokuenda navo kumba kwake kuti vachengete pamwe chete nemudzimai wake. Hama dzakakura sevafudzi vaviri vakanaka.
Asi midzi yevabereki vavo haina kuvasiya uye vakava vatungamiri vanokosha uye nenzira iyi mapatya Romulus naRemus vakaunganidza vatsigiri vakawanda. Pavakanga vava vanhu vakuru, vakapinda muhurukuro pakati pevanhu vaitevera Numitor naAmulio.
Nekuda kweizvi, Remo akasungwa muAlba Longa. Nzvimbo yaakaberekerwa nemukoma wake. Nenzira iyi Mambo nasekuru vaRemo vakanyumwa kuti mukomana uyu aive ani. Uku Rómulo aironga zano rekusunungura mapatya ake.
Pazvaiitika zvese izvi, mapatya akakwanisa kuziva kuti aive ani. Ava vaive vakabatana nasekuru vavo Mambo Numitor. Kuti vatarisane neakanga abvuta chigaro, Mambo Amulio, pakati pehondo dzose idzi vakakwanisa kukunda nekuuraya Mambo Amurio uye vakadzorera chigaro kuvaridzi vacho vepakutanga.
Apo mapatya Romulus naRemus vakadzokera kumakomo manomwe nechinangwa chekuvamba guta rekutanga. Vakaona vatova pamharadzano dzavaikurukura. Sezvo Romulus aida kuvaka guta rekutanga paPalatine Hill. Akamisa mapatya ake Remo aive akagadzirira kuvaka paAventine Hill.
Sezvo vakanga vasingakwanisi kubvumirana, mapatya maviri aya akafunga kukumbira betsero kuna vanamwari kupfurikidza nokushopera kana kuti kukwanisa kududzira mashura. Nenzira iyi Romulus akakwanisa kuona shiri gumi nembiri mudenga. Nepo mukoma wake Remo akangokwanisa kuona vatanhatu.
Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nekukakavadzana kutsva pakati pemapatya akatanga kurwa, achipera semhedzisiro nekufa kwaRemo. Nenzira iyi Romulus akazovamba guta reRoma.
Amai veRoma. Aive ngano Rhea Silvia aive amai vemapatya Romulus naRemus, aive mwanasikana waNumitor Mambo weAlba Longa. Asi babamunini vake vainzi Amulius avo vakabvuta chigaro vakamumanikidza kushanda semupristikadzi kana mhandara. Nenzira iyi akamanikidzwa kuremekedza tsika dzakachena.
Neizvi mupambi wechigaro chehushe Amulio aizozadzisa kuti Rea Silvia aisazova nevana uye aizochengetedza chigaro kwenguva yakareba. Asi Rea Silvia akanyengedzwa naMwari Mars uyo akazviratidza kwaari usiku uye akapamba Rea Silvia ndokumubata chibharo musango.
Neiyi nzira Rea Silvia akava nepamuviri achisununguka mapatya anonzi Romulus naRemus avo vakakandwa murwizi rweTiber nguva pfupi vazvarwa nemirairo yemubvumbi Amulius. Pashure peizvi akarayira kuti amai vacho vavigwe vari vapenyu.
Jupiter uye Nyuchi
Nekuremekedza kune imwe yengano dzakakurumbira dzechiRoma, ndeye Jupiter neBee, kunyangwe mavhezheni akati wandei atoudzwa, ndeimwe yengano dzakakurumbira sezvo ichiedza kungwarira izvo zvaunokumbira kana zvaunoshuvira. .
Maererano nengano dzechiRoman, nyaya iyi inotaurwa kuti kare kare nyuchi duku yaigara yakagumbuka uye yakaneta sezvo vanhu nemhuka vaigara vachiba huchi hwayaigadzira. Ndosaka kanyuchi kaida kuva nechombo chekugona kurwisa mbavha dzehuchi idzi.
Kanyuchi kainamata kakawanda kuti vamwe mwari vateerere minamato yayo. Asi nguva yakapfuura uye hapana chakaitika icho nyuchi duku yakauya nepfungwa yekutaura pachake naMwari Jupiter uyo akanga ari mambo wavamwari vose.
Kunyange zvazvo aigona kuenda nemumwe mwari muduku. Asi chete nyuchi yaigona kuwana mwari Jupiter. Ndosaka akatora rwendo rwake achibhururuka akashinga akananga kumatenga uye nekumhiri uye neruzha rwaibuda nenyuchi akabata pfungwa dzaMwari Jupiter.
Apo nyuchi duku yakazokwanisa kutanga hurukuro naMwari Jupiter, yakamuudza "Mambo wangu, ndakuvigirai huchi hwakakora. Chiso chaMwari chakapenya nemufaro nemufaro uyo akapindura kwaari "uyeChipo ichi chinonaka zvikuru uye chinoshamisa” Mushure meizvi Mwari Jupiter akabvunza nyuchi "Chii chandingakuitira iwe nyuchi?
Kanyuchi kakavhunduka zvekuti kakabvunda nekutya asi kakada kuedza, ndakamutsanangurira dambudziko raiva nekanyuchi kehuchi. Kunyange zvazvo Mwari weJupiter akanyatsoteerera kune zvakataurwa nenyuchi, akanga asingazivi kuti angaibatsira sei.
Asi akaona kuti uchi hwainakidza chaizvo uye kuti aifarira uchi chaizvo. Mukuti Mwari Jupiter vakafunga zvokuita nenyuchi duku. Nyuchi payakati:Ndaigona kudzivirira uchi hwangu pambavha kudai ndaiva nechombo, chakaita serumborera!”
Mwari Jupiter, achiteerera kune nyuchi, akatsamwa zvikuru uye akapindura "Ungandiruma here?" Nyuchi inotya inopindura pakarepo kuna mwari Jupiter "handifi ndakazviita” kunyange zvazvo nyuchi yacho yakavhunduka zvikuru kuti yakazendama ndokunodhumana nemutumbi wamwarikadzi Juno uyo akanga achinyatsoteerera nhaurirano pakati paMwari Jupiter nenyuchi duku.
Vapedza kudaro mwarikadzi Juno vakabva vapindira vachitaura zvinotevera “Kuravira kunoshamisa kudai kunoda kudzivirirwa!” Pashure paikoku, mwarikadzi akakarakadzazve kuti nyuchi imwe neimwe ine rumborera rwokukwanisa kuzvidzivirira apo uchi hwayo hunenge huchibviswa. Kunyangwe paine muripo wechipo ichi.
Nenzira iyi Mwari Jupiter akamuudza kuti muripo waifanira kuva nehupenyu hwake. Sezvo mushure mekushandisa rumborera nyuchi inofanirwa kufa uye saka inofanirwa kuita sarudzo yakanaka kudzivirira uye kufa kana kugovana nevamwe.
Nyangwe nyuchi vaisada chombo chavakamupa zvakanyanya. Wave mwarikadzi Juno akanga achitokorokotedza Mwari Jupiter nechisarudzo chaakanga aita. Kunyange zvazvo akaita zvisarudzo kuti mwarikadzi Juno aigara achifara chaizvo. Nekunongedzera neruoko akati kuna nyuchi “hezvo chombo chako chido chako chaitwa”
Nyuchi yakagumbuka zvikuru nechipo chaakanga apiwa naMwari Jupiter, yakatenda ndokubva yatanga kudzika yakananga panyika. Nyuchi ichiri mumukoko, yakahwanda kuseri kwayo. Nenzira iyi vaisamubvunza mibvunzo vachitarisira kuti dzimwe nyuchi dzaizomufuratira zvachose.
Nyuchi padzakaona kurumwa dzakatanga kuita ruzha zvekuratidza kuti dzakanga dzarumwa nyuchi ndokufunga kutaura zvaainge aita uye sezvo vakavimbika havana chavakataura. Vaingove nesarudzo yekutenda chipo chavakapihwa naMwari Jupiter, asi chipo icho kana chikashandiswa, vanoripa nerufu.
Chipo ichi hachina kunyangarika kubva nhasi nyuchi dzese dzinoshandisa rumborera dzinofa sezvo chikamu chetsinga dzemudumbu chinodzikira. Naizvozvo, inosara isina chikamu chakakosha chemuviri wayo mudiki uye inofa mushure menguva pfupi.
Pluto namambo imwe yengano dzechiRoman asiwo muGiriki
Kunyange zvazvo iri ngano yechiGiriki, vaRoma vakaishandura kuti iyi nhau irangarirwe seimwe yengano dzechiRoma. Nyaya iyi inotaura nezvamambo akachenjera zvikuru aiva mutongi weguta rechiGiriki reKorinde. Kunyange zvazvo nyaya iyi yakataurwa nevaGiriki mune imwe shanduro yekutanga. VaRoma vakasarudza kuiverenga seimwe yengano dzakakosha dzechiRoma mutsika dzechiRoma.
VaRoma vakasarudza kutsiva mazita evamwari vechiGiriki vakapinda munyaya iyi, mumwe wavamwari vavakatsiva ndiZeus, aiva nebasa rokuva mambo wevamwari vose vechiGiriki, uye vaRoma vakaisa Mwari Jupiter samambo. yevamwari.VaRoma.
Saizvozvo, maGiriki aive neHadhesi mukoma waZeus saMwari wepasi uye vaRoma vakamutsiva naMwari Pluto aive mwari wepasi peRoma.
Kunyange zvazvo nyaya yacho yakaramba ichitaurwa muGirisi yekare, kunyange zvazvo vaRoma vaiva nechokwadi chokuti pakati penyika yaiva Roma. Ngano yeRoma yakavakirwa paidi rokuti mambo akanga akachenjera zvikuru akanga akabatikana achifunga kuti aizopedza sei chinetso chemvura yakachena icho vanhu vake vaiva nacho.
Mambo uyu paakanga achitsvaga zano rekuronga zano, akatarisa mudenga panguva iyoyo chaiyo paakaona kuti akanga achibhururuka achipfuura naiye Mwari Jupiter uye akanga akatakura chimwe chinhu mumaoko ake chaisagona kuzivikanwa. Achiona mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoshamisa, akashamiswa sezvo Mwari Jupiter asingawanzo kubva kudenga.
Asi mambo akakwenya mapendekete ake ndokutangazve kufunga kuti ogadzirisa sei nyaya yaaifanira kugadzirisa pamusoro pemvura yakachena. Panguva iyoyo taundi reCorinto rakanga risina migero yemvura kana kuti dambudziko iroro rakanga ratogadziriswa.
Asi sezvaanoramba achifunga nezvedambudziko racho, anotangazve kutarisa mudenga. Ona kuti mumwe Mwari ari kupfuura asi uyu anomira obvunza Mambo mubvunzo "Waona mwanasikana wangu?"
Mambo, semunhu akanga akachenjera zvikuru, vakapindura zvinotevera:: "Kana ukapa guta rangu tsime remvura yakachena, ini ndichakuudza zvandakaona". On Panguva iyoyo rukova rukuru rwemvura yakachena uye yakachena yakayerera pamberi pamambo. Mambo akafara zvikuru uye akapindura Mwari achiti "Jupiter aive nechimwe chinhu mumaoko ake uye anogona kunge ari mwanasikana wako."
Mwari Jupiter akatsamwa zvikuru sezvo asina kubvumira vanhu kupindira muzvinhu zvake. Paakanzwa zvakanga zvataurwa naMambo uye kuti akanga amupomera mumwe mwari. Akaudza mukoma wake Mwari Pluto kuti achaendesa mambo kunyika yepasi.
Mambo, pakunzwa izvo Mwari Jupiter akataura, akaudza mudzimai wake zvinotevera: “Kana vachikuudza kuti ndafa, usaisa mari yendarama pasi porurimi rwangu” mukadzi uyu, akarurama zvikuru, akateerera murume wake zvokuti akanga abvunza.
Ipapo mwari mumwe cheteyo Pluto akasangana namambo akapfeka somupemhi, sezvo kusava nemari yendarama pasi porurimi rwake kwakaratidza kuti akanga ari murombo zvikuru. Mwari Pluto anokubvunza mubvunzo unotevera “Mari yako yegoridhe iripi?Pluto akati anoziva. "Ungaite sei rwendo rwekuyambuka Rwizi Styx uye usvike kunzvimbo yepasi?"
Mambo vanopindura vachiti fomu "Mukadzi wangu aive murombo zvakanyanya kuti abhadhare tikiti". Mwari akanga ashatirwa zvishoma akataura zvinotevera kuna mambo "Dzokera ikoko unodzidzisa vakadzi tsika." Nenzira iyi mwari Pluto akadzosa mambo pasi pakarepo, kwaakanga ari mupenyu zvemashiripiti.
Mwarikadzi wegoho Ceres
Mungano dzese dzechiRoma zvinonzi Mwari Jupiter ndiye mambo wevamwari vese veRoma uye aive nehanzvadzi nhatu. Wekutanga aive Juno aive mudzimai wake nehanzvadzi, aizivikanwa samwarikadzi wewanano uye mambokadzi wevamwari vese veRoma.
Hanzvadzi yechipiri yaizivikanwa samwarikadzi Vesta uyo akanga akanyorwa samwarikadzi weimba uye akanga ari mwarikadzi aidiwa nokunamata nevakadzi vose veRoma. Hanzvadzi yechitatu yaJupiter yaizivikanwa semwarikadzi Ceres, ndiye aitarisira zvirimwa zvese. Zvinonzi mwarikadzi Ceres kana akavhiringidzwa zvirimwa zvinogona kusvava ndokufa.
Vanhu vose nevamwari vanofanira kunge vakashanda nesimba kuti vachengete mwarikadzi uyu kugutsikana uye kufara kunyange zvazvo chaaida kwaiva kupedza nguva nemwanasikana wake akanaka Proserpina.
Nyaya yaMwari Apollo naCassandra
Ndiyo imwe yengano dzechiRoma dzakavakirwa paTembere ine mukurumbira yeDelphi, imwe yematemberi akakosha aMwari Apollo. Asi iyi yakanga isati iri tembere bedzi yainamatwa mwari Apollo. Sezvo paiva netemberi inokosha muguta reTroy iyo yakavakwa nevagari vayo mukukudza Mwari Apollo hondo yeTrojan isati yaitika.
Mune iyi ngano yeRoma, nyaya inotaurwa kuti Mwari Apollo akaonekwa mutemberi yavakanga vavaka muguta reTroy uye rimwe zuva akaona Cassandra akaisvonaka, mupristakadzi aishanda mutemberi iyoyo.
Panguva iyoyo Mwari Apollo akaona Cassandra akanaka, akadanana naye. Mwari Apollo akapa dhiri kumupristakadzi Cassandra raiva rekuti aizomupa chipo chikuru chaizova chipo chekuona ramangwana kana akamutsvoda.
Mupristikadzi akatambira chibvumirano ichi nenyemwerero yakanaka uye nenguva iyoyo akabva aona remangwana iro rakanga riri rekuti Mwari Apollo akanga achiparadza guta reTroy. Mwari Apollo paakaswedera kwaari kuti amutsvode. Akadaro achimupfira kumeso nehasha chaidzo.
Mwari Apollo akashatirwa nechiito ichocho chaakaita akaedza kumutorera chipo chaakanga amupa asi akachikona. Mukutsinhana, chaakaita kwaiva kumutuka nenzira yokuti hapana aizobvuma zvaaitaura. Saka mupristakadzi akakumbira vanhu vake kuti vangwarire bhiza remuti. Asi hapana akamutenda muguta reTroy.
Kana iwe wawana chinyorwa ichi pamusoro pengano dzeRoma chakakosha, ndinokukoka iwe kuti ushanyire anotevera malink: