Ngokuqinisekile uyazi enye i-basilica. Ziyizakhiwo zenkolo ezibaluleke kakhulu, yingakho ngokuvamile ziyindawo yokuthakasela izivakashi. Kodwa ingabe uyazi ngempela ukuthi iyini i-basilica? Ihluke kanjani kunesonto lombhishobhi? Zombili lezi zakhiwo zifana kakhulu, kodwa azifani.
Kulesi sihloko sizochaza ukuthi iyini i-basilica nokuthi uyini umsebenzi wayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze singadideki nesonto lombhishobhi noma isonto, sizophinde siphawule ihluke kanjani kulezi zakhiwo ezimbili. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalezi zakhiwo ezinhle, ngincoma ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda.
I-basilica inamuphi umsebenzi?
Ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngomsebenzi wayo, sizoqale sichaze ukuthi iyini i-basilica. Leli gama livela kuLatini nesiGreki futhi lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ubukhosi" noma "ubukhosi". Empeleni i-ellipsis yenkulumo yesiGreki ethi βασιλική οἰκία (basiliké oikia) okusho ukuthi "indlu yobukhosi". Igama layo selivele lisikisela ukuthi iyisakhiwo esihle kakhulu esivela eGreece naseRoma. Ama-basilicas ayewonke futhi ayesetshenziselwa izinkantolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathatha indawo ebalulekile esithangamini samadolobha aseRoma.
Nokho, kwakungewona lowo kuphela umsebenzi owenziwa yilezi zakhiwo eziwubukhazikhazi. I-Basilicas yamaRoma yayinemisebenzi eminingi esizoyibhala ngezansi:
- Indawo yokuhlangana ukuze izakhamuzi zibhekane nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi
- I-Mercado
- Indawo yenkolo
- Ukuphathwa kobulungiswa
- Indawo yokuthengiselana kwezezimali
Ezingeni lezakhiwo, ama-basilica ayemakamelo amakhulu, angama-rectangular futhi ayenziwe nge-nave eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, kodwa njalo enenombolo engavamile. Uma kwenzeka kune-nave engaphezu kweyodwa, emaphakathi yayihlala iyinde kakhulu futhi ibanzi kakhulu futhi inezinsika eziningana zokuyisekela. Ukuze bakhanyise ikamelo, basebenzise umehluko wobude ngokuvula izimbobo endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yezindonga. Ngokuvamile i-apse noma i-exedra yayitholakala kwenye yeziphetho ze-nave eyinhloko. Ihhovisi likamongameli lalibekwa lapho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kwakukhona isango elidlula kuvulandi.
Kamuva emlandweni, lapho kuqala ubuKristu ekhulwini lesine, amaKristu asebenzisa izakhiwo eziningi zamaRoma ukuze amise indawo yenkolo esemthethweni lapho, ukuze agubhe izinkonzo. Phakathi kwalezi zakhiwo kwakukhona nama-basilica. Lapho uMbuso WaseRoma usuguqukele ebuKristwini ngokusemthethweni, Igama elithi “basilica” laqala ukusetshenziswa lapho libhekisela emasontweni abalulekile namakhulu ayenamalungelo athile okukhulekela nemikhuba ekhethekile. Ngakho singakhuluma ngalezi zakhiwo ezinikeza indlela yezenkolo noma yezakhiwo.
Yini edingekayo ukuze isonto libe i-basilica?
Manje njengoba sesiyazi ukuthi i-basilica iyini nokuthi uyini umsebenzi wayo, ake sibone ukuthi yini eyenza ibe ibandla eliphawuleka ngokusemthethweni. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi zakhiwa kudala ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ubuKristu, lezi zakhiwo zibhekwa njengamasonto. Kodwa uyini umehluko? Ukuze isonto elivamile lithathwe njenge-basilica, kufanele lithole leso sihloko sokuhlonipha. UPapa ngokwakhe unesibopho salokhu. Nokho, ukuze ngikunikeze udumo olunjalo, Ibandla kufanele lihlangabezane okungenani nemibandela eyodwa kule mibandela emithathu:
- Iba nezinsalela eziyingqayizivele zokubaluleka okuphawulekayo.
- Ukuba yindawo ebalulekile yohambo oluhanjelwa abantu abaningi abathembekile.
- Iba nenani eliphezulu lezakhiwo.
Njengoba ama-basilica enobudlelwane obungavamile nopapa ophakeme kanye noSihlalo waseRoma, bonke banemvume yokuba nejazi labo lezikhali futhi babonise insignia ye-pontifical. Lezi zihlangu zinemihlobiso yangaphandle elandelayo:
- Uphawu lwe-Basilica olunophawu lwendabuko lwamaPapa: Ziyizihluthulelo zegolide nezesiliva eziphambanayo. Zimelela izihluthulelo zoMbuso.
- I-pavilion: I-conopeo ikhomba indawo yabaphostoli engenalutho kanye nama-basilica. Imvamisa iba nemibala kapapa yendabuko, okungaba yigolide nokubomvu okujulile. Ngale ndlela kubonakala ukuxhumana kwalesi sakhiwo ne-Holy See.
- Isiqubulo sethempeli: Itholakala ngaphansi kwehawu, ebhejini ebonisiwe.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-cathedral ne-basilica?
Kuvamile ukudidaniswa nezinye izakhiwo zenkolo ezivelele njengama-basilica noma amasonto ababhishobhi. Nakuba zifana kakhulu, kunomehluko omkhulu kakhulu ngokubaluleka kwazo zombili. Kokubili i-basilica ne-cathedral angamasonto. Kodwa liyini ngempela isonto? Leli gama lingachazwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Elinye laliyoba ibandla elakhiwa amaKristu, elinye libe isakhiwo esinikezelwe ekukhulekeleni kwaphezulu. Ngaphakathi kwale ncazelo yesibili singathola izinhlobo ezahlukene zamasonto, njenge-basilica ne-cathedral, umehluko wawo ulele kakhulu ekubalulekeni kwawo.
Njengoba sesishilo ngenhla, ama-basilica akhiwa kudala ngaphambi kokuba ubuKristu buvele. Lezi zakhiwo ezinkulu neziklanywe ngendlela emangalisayo zisetshenziswa namuhla ngokuyinhloko ukuze kudluliselwe inkolo, kodwa ezikhathini zasendulo, amaGreki namaRoma ayezisebenzisa njengenkantolo. Kusukela ekhulwini lesine, ngemva kokuzalwa kobuKristu. abhekwa njengamasonto akhethekile uPapa anikeze kuwo isiqu sokuhlonipha se-basilica, ukufeza okungenani eyodwa yezimfuneko esizibalile esigabeni esidlule.
Manje sisalelwe umbuzo owodwa kuphela: Yini i-cathedral? Lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo lutholakala emhlabeni wonke futhi ubukhulu namafomu ezakhiwo ahluka kakhulu. Ngokungafani nama-basilica, ama-cathedral amadala kunawo wonke awaziwayo asukela ekukhuleni kobuKristu. Kodwa-ke, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo zombili zamasonto ukuthi i-basilica iyisihloko sokuhlonipha, kuyilapho i-cathedral iqukethe isihlalo noma isihlalo sombhishobhi wesifundabhishobhi ngasinye. Ngakho-ke singasho ukuthi iyisonto elikhulu lobuKristu endaweni.
Ngalo lonke lolu lwazi ngithemba ukuthi ngike ngacacisa ukuthi i-basilica iyini nokuthi ihluke kanjani ku-cathedral. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, zingamabhilidi amahle kakhulu futhi ahlaba umxhwele okufanele ukuvakashelwa, uma sinethuba.