Kuvame kakhulu ukuthi, lapho uthatha uhambo, enye yezindawo ezithakazelisa kakhulu isonto lombhishobhi. Njengabavakashi abahle, into ejwayeleke kakhulu wukuvakashela kuyo. Kodwa ingabe uyazi ngempela ukuthi liyini isonto lombhishobhi? Ibaluleke kangakanani? Noma ihluke kanjani esontweni?
Uma ungaqiniseki, ngincoma ukuthi ubheke lesi sihloko. Sizochaza liyini i-cathedral, lisetshenziselwa ini futhi lihluke kanjani esontweni nezinye izakhiwo zobuKristu.
Liyini i-cathedral futhi liyenzelwani?
Ake siqale ngokuchaza ukuthi liyini i-cathedral. Ngokuyisisekelo ithempeli lobuKristu lelo igqame ngokuqukatha isihlalo noma isihlalo sombhishobhi wesifundabhishobhi esihambisanayo. Ngakho-ke, kungathiwa yisonto elikhulu, noma okungenani elibaluleke kakhulu kuleyo ndawo. Kusukela lapho, umbhishobhi wengamela wonke umphakathi wamaKristu kuleso sifunda ngokufundisa imfundiso yeSonto LamaKatolika nokholo. Futhi inomthwalo wemfanelo wokuphatha imiyalo namasakramente athile. Ngakho, isihlalo noma isihlalo siwuphawu lomsebenzi kahulumeni owenziwa umbhishobhi. Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi iSonto Lobu-Orthodox LamaKristu livame ukubiza amasonto amakhulu ngokuthi "isonto elikhulu".
Ngokuqondene nokusetshenziswa okunikezwa lezi zakhiwo, kusobala ukuthi yonke into ehlobene nemikhosi yenkolo. Nokho, namuhla ama-cathedrals Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukwenza eminye imisebenzi, njengezifundo zokufundisa, ikakhulukazi isiLatini, imfundiso yenkolo kanye nohlelo lolimi. Eqinisweni, le yindlela izifundo ze-cathedral noma izikole ezaqala ngayo. Ngezimfundiso ezanikezwa emasontweni amakhulu, kwakhiwa izifundo zokuqala ezilawulwayo. Kamuva, le nqubo yashintsha kancane kancane kwaze kwaba yilapho kuvela amanyuvesi esiwazi namuhla.
historia
Manje njengoba sesazi ukuthi liyini i-cathedral, sizophawula kancane ngomlando walo. Lezi zakhiwo zavela njengezakhiwo ezintsha noma njengenguquko yesonto lezindela isimo saso sase siphakanyiselwe kuleso sesihlalo sombhishobhi. Izici eziyinhloko ezanquma ukuthi yimaphi amasonto angabiza isihloko se-cathedral kwakuyizi izindaba zabantu, imisebenzi yezithunywa zevangeli namandla ebandla. Njengoba lezi zakhiwo ezintsha zivela, izindawo ezihlukahlukene zobuKristu, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-diocese, zacindezelwa noma zahlanganiswa.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ekuqaleni, amasonto esihlalo sombhishobhi ayengenawo uhlobo oluthile olukhethekile. Eqinisweni, phakathi namakhulu okuqala eNkathi Ephakathi neyobuKristu, okwakungaba ekhulwini lesine kuya kweleshumi nanye cishe, amasonto ababhishobhi ayengafani neze nezinye izikhungo zokukhulekela okungokwenkolo, njengamathempeli anikezelwe kubafel’ ukholo noma amasonto ezindela. Kwaba kamuva, ngekhulu le-XNUMX, lapho amasonto ababhishobhi eqala ukuba nobukhulu nezinqubo ezithile ezawenza ahluke kwezinye izakhiwo zenkolo.
Phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX kanye nengxenye yekhulu le-XNUMX, ukwakhiwa kwalezi zakhiwo kwaba nesiqongo sako, njengoba kwaqondana nokubukeka kobuciko kanye Ukwakhiwa kweGothic. Ngaleso sikhathi, ama-cathedral awazange nje aqhubeke nokuba yisihlalo sombhishobhi, okuyisici esiyinhloko esiwachazayo, kodwa futhi athola izincazelo ezihlukahlukene lapho kokubili ukuhlonishwa nomfanekiso wamadolobha ayehlala kuwo kwakudlala indima ebalulekile. zakhiwa Futhi ngaleyo ndlela baba amathempeli obuKristu ukuze abe izakhiwo eziyisikhumbuzo nezinkulu. Ngisho nanamuhla, ama-cathedrals asahlotshaniswa nesitayela samaGothic.
Ngemuva kwaleso sikhathi sobukhazikhazi uma kukhulunywa ngokwakhiwa kwamasonto amakhulu, kwaba nezinto eziningi, njengokuthi Izinguquko ZamaProthestani, okwamisa lokhu kulangazelela ukwakha izakhiwo ezinkulu kangaka. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, amasonto ababhishobhi kancane kancane anciphisa ubuhle nobukhulu bawo. Kodwa-ke, baqhubeka beyizakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu, kodwa bazivumelanisa nezinguquko zezitayela zobuciko kanye nokuthandwa kwenkathi ngayinye.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesonto ne-cathedral?
Kuvame kakhulu ukudida imiqondo ethile njengesonto, i-cathedral noma i-basilica. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi womathathu ayingxenye yamabandla obuKristu, kunomehluko othile okufanele siwazi, okuphawuleka kakhulu ukubaluleka kwalezi zakhiwo. Okokuqala ake sicacise igama elithi "isonto." Ngokuvamile libhekisela ebandleni elakhiwa amaKristu athembekile. Leli futhi igama eliqanjwe ezakhiweni ezinikezelwe ekukhulekeleni kwaphezulu. okungafani okuhlala ikakhulukazi ekubalukeni kwabo.
Njengoba sishilo phambilini, i-cathedral yisonto noma ithempeli lapho isihlalo noma isihlalo sombhishobhi sikhona. Singathola lezi zakhiwo emhlabeni wonke futhi amafomu azo ezakhiwo nobukhulu kuhluka kakhulu. Amasonto amadala kunawo wonke esiwaziyo asukela emsuka wenkolo yobuKristu. Kodwa-ke, amathempeli obuKristu asekuqaleni kanye nesimanje asakhiwa nanamuhla.
Ngokungangabazeki, i-cathedral ingenye yezakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu zobuKristu, kodwa i-basilica ayiyona i-slouch. Kuyini lokhu? Ihluke kanjani kunesonto lombhishobhi? Ake sibone: Ama-basilica, nakuba ebhekwa njengamasonto, Zakhiwa ngaphambi kokuba ubuKristu buvele. Lezi yizakhiwo ezimangalisa kakhulu futhi ezinkulu ezisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa inkolo.
Ekuqaleni zazisetshenziswa amaRoma namaGreki njengenkantolo. Nokho, kusukela ekhulwini lesine, okuyilapho kwavela khona ubuKristu. bangamasonto athole isiqu sokuhlonishwa se-basilica esinikezwe uPapa ngokwakhe. Ukuze bathathwe njengesonto elifakiwe, kumele bahlangabezane okungenani neyodwa yalezi zindlela noma imicimbi:
- Iba nenani eliphezulu lezakhiwo.
- Iqukethe amafa abalulekile futhi ahlukile.
- Ukuba yindawo yokuhambela abantu abaningi abathembekile.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi manje sekunicacele ukuthi liyini i-basilica kuphela, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuthi liyini isonto lombhishobhi nokuthi yini elihlukanisayo kwezinye izakhiwo zobuKristu. Ngokuqinisekile usubabonile abanye noma okungenani wezwa ngabo, njengesonto lombhishobhi elidumile lase Notre Dame kusuka eParis.