Ngokwezifundo ezihlukahlukene, singabonisa ukuthi kunezigidi zamaplanethi aqukethe umkhathi nezinye izakhi ezihlobene neplanethi enguMhlaba. Nokho, kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngesihloko esihlobene nalokho okukhulunywe ngakho ngaphambili, njengoba kuzogcizelelwa Umkhathi we-Mars.
Ngaphambi kokuya ngqo ekubunjweni, isakhiwo kanye nezinye izici zalo mkhathi, kubalulekile ukucacisa lokho Mars iyiplanethi yesine yesimiso sonozungezilanga, futhi umkhathi wawo awufani neze nowoMhlaba. Njengamanje, ibe nenzuzo enkulu ekucwaningweni komthethosisekelo wayo ngenxa yokutholakala kwenani elincane le-methane, elingabonisa ukuhlalisana kokunye ukumelela kwempilo.
Umkhathi wakhiwe ngokuyinhloko yi-carbon dioxide ene-95%, kancane kancane, futhi une-nitrogen enenani le-3% futhi ekugcineni i-argon enenani le-1,6%, futhi ihlanganisa okunye thola umoya-mpilo, i-methane namanzi.
Umkhathi we-Mars ulula, futhi umfutho womoya osemkhathini ungahlukahluka, ube cishe ngu-30 Pa (0,03 kPa) phezulu I-Mount Olympus kuze kube ngaphezu kuka-1155 Pa (1,155 kPa) endaweni Hellas Planitia amathuna ngokucindezelwa okumaphakathi kokunwetshwa kwe-600 Pa (0,600kPa), uma kuqhathaniswa naleyo ngcindezi engaba ngu-101300 Pa (101,3 kPa) ezingeni eliphansi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umkhathi we-Mars unothuli kakhulu, okwenza kube lula isibhakabhaka se-martian umbala ophuzi uma ubhekwa endaweni. Idatha edluliswa yi-Mars Exploration Rovers ikhombisa ukuthi izinhlayiya eziphumule cishe zingama-micrometres angu-1,5.
Kukhona ukulahlekelwa okungapheli komkhathi ogijima emkhathini. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi njalo ngomzuzwana ezingaphezu kuka 100 amagremu of umkhathi.
Ungase ube nesithakazelo: I-BIG BANG: ITHIYORI KANYE NOBUFAKAZI OBUBONISA UKUQALA KOMHLABA WONKE
4 Izici Zomkhathi We-Mars
Ezinye zezici ze-Atmosphere of Mars yilezi:
1. ingcindezi
Umkhathi we-Mars mncane kakhulu, nokucindezela kwendawo okumaphakathi okungu-6,1 mbar kuphela, okubonisa ukuthi umfutho ophakathi nendawo Ubuso bomhlaba cishe 1013 millibar.
2. Amanzi
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, inani eliboniswe ngenhla liseduze kakhulu nephoyinti lamanzi kathathu. Uketshezi lungaba sesimweni esizinzile kuphela ngaphezu kokucindezela kwamaphuzu amathathu, ngakho ukumelwa kwe amanzi awuketshezi endaweni Mars kuyangabazeka.
3. I-Topology
Naphezu kwalokho okwamenyezelwa esicini sangaphambilini, i i-topography ye Mars igqame kakhulu futhi ihlukahlukene, nezindawo eziphansi zisakazeka engxenyeni enkulu yeNyakatho nenkabazwe nasezindaweni eziphakeme, ikakhulukazi eningizimu yenkabazwe.
Ngenxa yalokho, i- ingcindezi emkhathini ingahluka kakhulu kusukela ekuphakameni kwezintaba eziphakeme nezintaba-mlilo ezifile, lapho ingaphansi kwe-4 mbar, ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene eziphansi, njengemihosha noma izimbobo ezijulile, lapho ifinyelela ku-10 mbar.
4. Umhwamuko Wamanzi
Ukuntuleka umhwamuko wamanzi emkhathini i-mariana kanye nokushabalala kwezindawo zamanzi eziwuketshezi, ezinkulu noma ezincane, kusho ukuthi namuhla iMars ayinawo umjikelezo we-hydrological njenganoma yikuphi eduze noMhlaba (lapho umhwamuko wamanzi ubalelwa ku-1 - 4% endaweni engavamile).
Kodwa-ke, i- umkhathi i-martian ithola amazinga okushisa ephansi kakhulu, kangangokuthi umhwamuko wamanzi wesikhashana oyinhloko ube negalelo elikhulu lomkhathi ongawuphatha, umkhathi uyagcwala.
phezulu ku cielo Marciano amafu amhlophe adliwe kakhulu adalwe emanzini e-ice crystals, njengamafu asemhlabeni, angadalwa. Endaweni, amaqhwa ahlala ebusuku futhi ajwayele ukuphakanyiswa ngakusasa ekuseni.
Kodwa-ke, izindawo ezineqhwa zingahlala ingxenye ethile yosuku, kuye ngesikhathi, ikakhulukazi lapho zisungulwa ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuncane, njengezindonga zangaphakathi zemigodi, ngenxa yokuthambekela kwazo nendawo, zidlule. iningi le izinsuku zasebusika ethunzini elimnyama.
Ungase ube nesithakazelo: IMIthala, AMAFOMU YAYO AYINANDI KANYE NEZINKOSI ZAYO EZINGAVAMILE
Izinzwa ezi-3 Ezihlobene Nomkhathi We-Mars
Ezinye zezinzwa I-Atmosphere Kusuka ku-Mars, yizi:
1. Inzwa yomoya (WS)
El inzwa yomoya ithola isivinini somoya wendawo kanye ne-trajectory ngamaphuzu amathathu kusilinda. Ngengxube yedatha ehlolwe yizinzwa ezintathu, kutholwa umumo womoya nesivinini. Endaweni ngayinye, kune-anemometer esekelwe kubuchwepheshe befilimu yokushisa. Isivinini somoya sihambisana namandla ethulwa ukugcina izinga lokushisa lamafilimu liqinile.
2. Inzwa yezinga lokushisa eliphansi (GTS)
Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokulinganisa okungahlobene kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba ukuvezwa kokukhishwa kwe-infrared. Inzwa ye-REMS ichitha lo mbono, uphenyo lokukhishwa kwe-infrared futhi okusekelwe kukho kwenza a ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa lomhlabathi.
3. Inzwa Yezinga lokushisa Lomoya (ATS)
I-thermistor encane etholakala ekugcineni kwenduku iyindlela yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa lomoya. Induku yenziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphansi ze-conductivity. I-thermistor yesibili ebhasini isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukugeleza kokushisa kusuka emzimbeni wepeni.
Isakhiwo Se-Atmosphere Of Mars
Isimo se Mars Yakhiwe ngezandlalelo ezilandelayo:
1. I-Lower Atmosphere
Kufudumele ngenxa ye ukushisa uthuli ngokuphazamiseka kanye nephansi.
2. Umkhathi ophakathi
Mars Inomfudlana ogelezayo ogeleza kulesi sifunda.
3. I-Upper Atmosphere NOMA I-Thermosphere
Le ndawo inamazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu akhiqizwa ukushisa kwelanga. Kulokhu ukuphakama, amagesi aqala ukusuka komunye nomunye esikhundleni sokuhlanganisa, njengoba enza ku umoya ophansi.
4. Exosphere
Ukusuka ku-200 km noma ngaphezulu. Le ndawo yilapho okwakamuva khona imicu yomkhathi ehlanganiswe nomkhathi ongaphandle. Awukho umgomo osobala noma umkhawulo, kodwa kunalokho amagesi aba mncane ngokulandelana futhi aba mncane.
Izingxenye Ezi-3 Zomkhathi We-Mars
La I-Atmosphere I-De Mars yakhiwa:
1.I-Carbon Dioxide
Isici esiyinhloko emkhathini we-Mars yi-carbon dioxide (CO2). Isigxobo ngasinye siphikelela enkathini yobumnyama obungapheli phakathi nobusika benkabazwe yaso, obuqanda indawo engaphezulu ngendlela yokuthi u-25% we-CO2 emkhathini unqwabelane ube isimo esiqinile, njengeqhwa elomile elidala iqhwa. isivalo seqhwa ezigxotsheni.
Ngokufanayo, lapho isigxobo siphinde siboniswe ekukhanyeni kwelanga ngesikhathi Ihlobo lase-martian, I-CO2 efriziwe iyaphakanyiswa, ibuyela emkhathini. Lesi sifundo siholela ekuhlukeni okukhulu komfutho womoya kanye nesakhiwo esizungeze izigxobo ze-Martian, kodwa izinga laso liphansi kakhulu ukujabulisa ukushisa okubamba ukushisa okubangelwa ukushisa futhi kuvuselele umkhathi weplanethi.
2. I-Argon
Umkhathi we-Mars uhlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-noble gas argon, ikakhulukazi ngokulingana nezinye izimo zezinye amaplanethi ezisemkhathini. Uhlelo lomkhathi. Ngokungafani ne-carbon dioxide, i-argon ayigoqi, ngakho inani eliphelele le-argon emkhathini liqinile.
Kodwa-ke, amalunga endawo angaguquka ngenxa yokugeleza kwe-carbon dioxide kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwesinye. Ubufakazi bakamuva besathelayithi budalula ukutholwa kwe-argon emkhathini phezu kwesigxobo esiseningizimu e ukuwa Marciano, echithwa entwasahlobo elandelayo.
3. Amanzi
Obunye ubuso be- isimo se-martian bayakwazi ukuhluka ngokukhuluma. Ngokuchithwa kwe-carbon dioxide ngesikhathi sehlobo laseMartian kuvela iminonjana yamanzi. Umoya wesikhashana ushanela ezigxotsheni ngesivinini esingaba ngu-400 km/h.
Lezi zivunguvungu zonyaka zilahla inani elikhulu lomhwamuko wamanzi nothuli kusithwathwa namafu anjenge-cirrus afana nalawo aseMhlabeni. Ingabe amafu iqhwa lamanzi bathwetshulwa ngu-Opportunity ngo-2004.
Ungase ube nesithakazelo: IZIQINISEKISO EZINGU-3 EZIBALULEKILE ZOMKHAYA WOMHLABA EZIVUMELWE YI-NASA.
Sengiphetha, i- indawo yonke imelelwa izigidi zamaplanethi futhi ngayinye inomkhathi wayo, ngakho-ke, i-Atmosphere ye-Mars ngeke ibe yinto ehlukile.