La I-Atmosphere Umhlaba Kuwungqimba oluminyene lwegesi olumboza iplanethi engumhlaba eyakhiwe ngamagesi athile, lokhu kubangela ukuthi umfutho uhluke. Lokhu kuyimbangela yokuhlakazeka kwama-meteorite ngokungqubuzana lapho itholakala khona phakathi kwe-meteorite nomkhathi womhlaba njengoba ingena emhlabeni. Umkhathi Womhlaba awulutho ngaphandle kokunqwabelana kwamagesi esiwabiza ngezilimi ngokuthi "Umoya" futhi wakhiwe nge-carbon dioxide ngephesenti elincane, umoya-mpilo ne-nitrogen.
La umsebenzi womkhathi Ngakho-ke, kuwukunikeza umoya-mpilo kuyo yonke into emele ukuphila emhlabeni ukuze isenzo sokuphefumula ngokukhululeka sibe khona, naphezu kokuthi inomoya-mpilo ongu-21%. Umkhathi womhlaba uvumela ukungena kokukhanya okubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni okufanele kwezitshalo, okuthi ngenqubo ye-photosynthesis kungaletha ukuphila ngokukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo, kuletha ukuphila kukho konke okuphefumulayo.
Enye yezingxenye eziphelele zomkhathi i-helium, evumela uhlobo oluthile lokuzinza ekundizeni, phezu kwezingxenye ezithile eziphakeme zesibhakabhaka, ngenxa yegesi yayo enkulu ejiyile. Isibonelo esizwakalayo noma esibonakalayo yilapho amabhaluni e-helium ekhuphukela esibhakabhakeni, ngenxa yalesi simo, ezicini eziyingqayizivele zalokhu. igesi isici emkhathini.
Imininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu ngomhlabathi wasemhlabeni ukuthi unikeza amandla amakhulu ngengxenye yenitrogen, eyenza kube nokwenzeka umhlabathi ocebile amaminerali ukuthola izitshalo, izilwane kanye nezidalwa eziphilayo zingaba nendlela yokondla.
Sincoma futhi ukuthi ufunde. . . IMIthala, AMAFOMU YAYO AYINANDI KANYE NEZINKOSI ZAYO EZINGAVAMILE.
Izingxenye ezi-3 Zomkhathi Womhlaba.
Ingxenye 1: I-nitrogen.
Njengenhlanganisela eyinhloko sinenitrogen, ngani? Ngoba yingxenye enamaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu emkhathini womhlaba, ine-nitrogen engu-79% eyingxenye yethu. umkhathi.
I-Nitrojeni Emkhathini Womhlaba wethu futhi empilweni yethu idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, kusukela ngo yokuqoqwa kwamagesi esikubiza ngokuthi umoya omubi, lokhu ophethe ngomoya, ukuthi izitshalo nezilwane zithola i-nitrogen edingekayo, kodwa hhayi ngokuqondile.
I-nitrogen equkethwe ekuqoqweni kwezigaba (umoya), inikeza umhlaba noma inhlabathi ngamaminerali azokwenza izitshalo zishintsha i-nitrogen zibe amaprotheni okuphakela izilwane kanjalo zondle.
Lokhu kuzokwenza izilwane eziningi zizuze kanjalo nathi, futhi okwesibili, izitshalo zizokhiqiza umoya-mpilo, umjikelezo phakathi kwezidalwa eziphilayo nendawo esizungezile, ubizwa ngokuthi. umjikelezo we-nitrogen.
Inombolo yesi-2: I-oksijeni.
Njengengxenye yesibili ekhona kuMkhathi wethu Womhlaba sinomoya-mpilo, njengoba wakha u-21% emkhathini, ngaleyo ndlela unikeza ukuphila emhlabeni.
Lo moya-mpilo okhona emkhathini woMhlaba udliwa izilwane, izitshalo kanye nezidalwa eziphilayo. omunye wabakhiqizi i-oxygen emkhathini wethu, Ziyizitshalo njengoba zishintshana ngegesi nge-photosynthesis, ngaleyo ndlela zenza uMkhathi Womhlaba wethu ube nomoya-mpilo ukuze izilwane nezidalwa eziphilayo zibe nokuphila eplanethini engumhlaba, futhi usuvele izinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zeminyaka.
Omdala kunawo wonke umkhiqizi we i-photosynthesis enikeza umoya-mpilo emkhathini woMhlaba yi-algae, i-cyanobacteria nezitshalo futhi ngokusho kocwaningo, into yokuqala ephilayo eyaqala ngokukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo kwakuyi-cyanobacteria ngokusebenzisa i-photosynthesis, ekwazi ukuhlinzeka nge-oksijini engu-21% emkhathini wethu.
Sincoma futhi ukuthi ufunde. . . IZINKANYEZI, INKOLELO NOMA ISAYENSI? IMPIKISWANO KUSUKELA EKUQALENI KWESIKHATHI.
I-Cyanobacteria ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule isebenzisana nemvelo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-oksijeni, ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona inani elincane kakhulu lezitshalo, ngoba i-cyanobacteria yanda ukuze i-oxidation ye-O2 ingenzeki futhi inani elikhulu le-oxygen likhiqizwa. i-oxygen emkhathini kanye ne- izidalwa eziphilayo, ngosizo lwezitshalo ezimbalwa kakhulu ezazifeza umsebenzi wazo njenge-photosynthetic.
Ingxenye engu-3: I-Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Inhlanganisela yesithathu inephesenti eliphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke esikalini sezinhlanganisela ezintathu lokhu kuphansi kakhulu futhi kuqukethe i-0,04% CO2. I-CO2 iyanakekela gcina izinga lokushisa woMkhathi wethu Womhlaba, nakuba utholakala ngamanani amancane, ubaluleke kakhulu. Izitshalo nazo ziyazuza ku-CO2 njengoba zithembele emandleni elanga ukuze zifeze umsebenzi wazo, ezitshalweni ze-carbon dioxide zihlanganisa amanzi nama-carbohydrate nge-photosynthesis.
Njengamanje amagesi oMkhathi wethu Womhlaba ashintshile futhi esikhathini sethu, izingxenye ezintathu eziwenza ufinyelele kumaphesenti angama-99,90% oMkhathi wethu Womhlaba, ososayensi abenza izifundo nezinhlanganisela ezifana i-argon ne-nitrogen basuswa bebheke emkhathini woMhlaba lapho bezinzile.
Umoya-mpilo usekhona, ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule lapho yonke into iqala emhlabeni, i-cyanobacteria yayingenye yezinto eziphilayo. ama-microorganisms okuqala ekukhiqizeni umoya-mpilo.
Kwakukhona inani elincane kanye ne-oxygen ehlanganiswe ne-iron yakhiqiza i-oxidation, kwakukhona ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo, lapho sibona amadwala e-sedimentary sasibona ukuthi kwakukhona umthamo omkhulu womoya-mpilo, yilokhu esikuthola namuhla, amadwala aphansi asho ukuthini. ukuthi kunenani elikhulu le-oxygen ekhona. Emkhathini wethu Womhlaba, unezinye izingxenye engizozichaza kuwe ngezansi nangokuvumelana kwazo umthamo womkhathi futhi.
Izingxenye Eziyi-10 Futhi Zibalulekile Emkhathini Womhlaba
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- Iodine: 127,0.
- I-Krypton: 84,0.
- IHydrojeni: 21,0.
- I-Helium: 4,0.
- I-Xenon: 130,3.
- I-Carbon dioxide: 45,0.
- I-Ozone: 49,0.
- I-Methane: 17,0.
- I-Neon: 21,2.
- I-Radon: 223,0.
Lezi sezizonke izingxenye ezakha Umkhathi Womhlaba kanye negesi yawo eyenza uminyene futhi uzinze, ukuze izidalwa eziphilayo, ama-microorganisms kanye nezinto eziphilayo ziphile futhi zigcwalise isigaba ngasinye sazo, ngoba ingxenye ngayinye yenza kube usizo noma kuye. umjikelezo we-nitrogen, ukuze izitshalo zikwazi ukwenza i-photosynthesis yazo futhi zikhiqize umoya-mpilo.
Kalula nje thina bantu siyazuza ezilwaneni esizidlayo, njengoba enye yenyama yinkomo (izinkomo) zidla utshani notshani buyinyama. ukondliwa ngamaprotheni ukuthi izitshalo ziphethe ngenxa yenitrogen futhi phakathi kwezinye izinto ezizuzisa thina bantu ezimpilweni zethu.
Enye Imfihlo Yomkhathi Womhlaba.
Ngo-2010, uphenyo lokuwa komkhathi womhlaba lwenziwa abacwaningi abaxhaswe yi-NASA, akuselutho futhi akukho okungaphansi kokuwa komkhathi obizwa ngokuthi i-ionosphere, okubangele ukubola kwemvelo. imisebe ye-ultraviolet nemisebe ye-gamma okuvela elangeni kuzodlula emkhathini womhlaba, ngenxa yalokhu kuwa.
Lokhu kwenzeke kusukela ngo-2008, ikakhulukazi umkhathi womhlaba uzuza ngokusebenzisa ingxenye i-Carbon Dioxide gcina izinga lokushisa, uma kukhona ukuncipha emsebenzini welanga, umkhathi uyaphola, ngakho ebusuku kubanda.
Futhi i ama-meteorite namasathelayithi zingaba umkhiqizo wokudabuka nokubhidlika komkhathi woMhlaba kusukela ngalokhu imisebe yelanga iguqulwa ibe imisebe ekwazi ukungena kalula.
Sincoma futhi ukuthi ufunde. . . IMILAZA: IMFIHLO EFIHLEKILE YEZINKANYEZI ENDLELENI YETHU YOBUSI.
Yingakho i-thermosphere (ionosphere) inesibopho amagesi e-ionize, Ngale ndlela, izinhlayiya ezincane ezitholakala kulolu ungqimba zithatha omunye umsebenzi ongowamandla kodwa ebusuku, osuwubonile ngokuqinisekile njengoba zibizwa ngokuthi ama-aurora, futhi ungabonakala ebusuku.
Kodwa esigxila kukho ngempela ukuthi lokhu ungqimba olubizwa ngokuthi i-thermosphere, Iqukethe ama-X-ray, imisebe ye-gamma kanye nemisebe ye-ultraviolet futhi okwenzekayo ukuthi lapho ukubhidlika kwenzeka, eminye yale misebe yadlula, okwabangela ukushisa okuphindwe kabili kwe-thermosphere futhi ngaleyo ndlela yakwazi ukudlula eminye imisebe ye-gamma ne-ultraviolet, okwabangela ukushisa okuphindwe kabili kwe-thermosphere. Lokho akunempilo kunoma yimuphi umuntu. Futhi ukuthi le radioactivity ingabangela izinguquko kubantu, umdlavuza phakathi kwezinye izifo.