Izitshalo zisempilweni yansuku zonke yomphakathi, zisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izindawo kanye nesimo samakhaya. I-Cacti imelela esinye sezitshalo zokuhlobisa eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa umphakathi, lokhu kungenxa yokuma kwazo okude noma okuyindilinga futhi okunameva, kodwa izimbali zazo zingokomfanekiso kakhulu ngoba ziyizinhlobo ezizimele zodwa, ezinamacembe amakhulu nemibala egqamile, eyaziwa esihlokweni esilandelayo. izinhlobo ezahlukene zeCactus enezimbali ezidume kakhulu.
I-Cacti enezimbali
Izitshalo ziyizinhlobo zezitshalo ezimboza iplanethi yonke yomhlaba, zizalwa emhlabeni futhi zisakazwa kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba, zivumelanisa nezimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene (isomiso, imvula) futhi zivela kuzo zonke imvelo ekhona ogwadule, emahlathini, emahlathini. ama-savannah namathafa, phakathi kokunye. Zimelela enye yezinto eziphilayo ezibaluleke kakhulu, ukwenza inqubo efanelekile ye-biochemical yokugcina impilo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-photosynthesis, enesibopho sokuhlinzeka komoyampilo odingekayo kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezitshalo zezitshalo, kulokhu kuzogqama i-cacti, iwuhlobo lwesitshalo esingesomndeni wakwaCactaceae futhi sidume kakhulu ngokutholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile neziwugwadule, kubhekwa njengohlobo lwezinhlobo zezitshalo. esiguqukile futhi sajwayela isimo sezulu esomile kanye nomswakama ophansi, kuthatha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba ezifana nendilinga kanye ne-cylindrical ukuze kukhawulwe indawo yayo eveziwe kanye nokulondoloza umswakama ngaphakathi kwayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga awo aguquke ukuze athathe uhlobo lwezinaliti ezikhonjiwe, ngenhloso yokugwema ukulahlekelwa umswakama ohlelweni lwayo futhi emele indlela yokuzivikela kwezinye izinhlobo ezidlayo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi zivela ezwenikazi laseMelika, nakuba kukholakala ukuthi ngezikhathi zamakholoni ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezivela ezweni elidala zazithuthwa, isibonelo lezo zezitshalo ezinoshukela ezifana kakhulu ne-cacti. Naphezu kwalokhu, kunezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala zitholakala ezwenikazi lase-Afrika.
Izici
Umndeni we-cacti waziwa nangokuthi uyingxenye ye-succulents egcina amanzi ezicutshini zabo ukuze uvumelane nendawo ezihlala kuyo. Banesiqu esiyindilinga esinosayizi womgqomo (Globoso) noma isilinda esicaba kwezinye izindawo (iColumnar), sijiya ngezicubu eziluhlaza eziqinile, lokhu kungenxa ye-chlorophyll evumela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-photosynthesis.
Banesakhiwo sabo i-areola etholakala endaweni engenhla yezinhlobo ze-cacti vegetative, kubhekwa njengendawo yokukhula futhi bakhiqiza izimbali zabo, bathuthukise izinwele eziningi ezifana nezintambo zikakotini, ngaphezu kokumbozwa nxazonke ngameva. . . Izimbali zakhona zivame ukuba zodwa kanye ne-hermaphroditic (zinazo zombili izitho zokuzala) ezivela ezinkathini ezithile zonyaka futhi zimelela enye yezinto ezikhangayo eziyinhloko.
Lolu hlobo lubonakala ogwadule futhi lusetshenziswa ngisho njengokuhlobisa ezindlini nakwezinye izindawo zangaphakathi, lokhu kungenxa yobuhle bayo nezimbali ezimangalisayo.
Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo
Ukutshalwa kwe-cacti kuthathwa njengento elula kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyinakekela, nakuba kunezinhlobonhlobo zazo, ngayinye inezici ezifanayo. Ngenxa yemvelo yazo lezi zitshalo zidinga ukunakwa okuncane ukuze zihlale ziphilile futhi ziqinile, kunconywa ukuthi kuphinde kwakhiwe izimo ezivamile ze-ecosystem yazo. Izimo eziyisisekelo zokulinywa kwayo ngempumelelo zichazwe ngezansi:
Ukunisela
Njengoba ukuchelela kubhekwa njengendlela yokwengeza amanzi ezinhlotsheni zezitshalo, kunesibopho sokusatshalaliswa ezimpandeni zayo nokuhamba ngaphakathi kwesitshalo sonke. Kubhekwa njengento ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni okunempilo kwe-cacti, ebonakala ngokuyigcina ngaphakathi kwezicubu zayo futhi lokhu kungenxa yokujwayela izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu (izinga eliphezulu lokushisa kanye nomswakama ophansi).
I-Cacti yizitshalo ezikwazi ukumelana nokunisela kahle, kodwa ukunqwabelana koketshezi kufanele kugwenywe ngokugcwala umhlabathi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuyadingeka ukuphuziswa ngezikhathi ezithile, kunconywa kanye ngesonto ngenkathi yasehlobo futhi kanye ngenyanga ngenkathi yasebusika kusukela umswakama wemvelo uqinisekisa ukumboza isidingo samanzi ngalesi sikhathi. Uma kwenzeka ebhodweni, kuyadingeka ukugwema ukuqoqwa kwamanzi epuleti eliphansi, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuthinta izimpande nokubola.
Kudingeka ukucabangela isimo semvelo ukwazi ukuthi ukuchelela kwenziwa kaningi kangakanani, uma kwenzeka i-cactus isendlini (indlu noma ihhovisi) ngokufudumeza kuvuliwe njalo, kungase kudinge ukuchelela okuningana kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhathi sini. unyaka. Uma kungenjalo, ingaphuziswa izikhathi ezimbalwa, ngoba ziyizitshalo ezidinga inani elincane lamanzi.
Indawo
Izitshalo zihlala zisendaweni ethile, zitshalwe ezindaweni ezithanda ukukhula futhi zivumela ukuthintana okwanele nokukhanya kwelanga. I-Cacti idinga ukukhanya okuningi futhi okungcono kakhulu ukukhanya okuqondile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngokuvamile zitholakala ezindaweni ezikhanyiswe kahle (izindawo zangaphandle, izingadi, eduze kwamafasitela). Izinhlobo ezethula izinwele nameva (inombolo ephezulu yazo), zidinga inani elikhulu lelanga; Uma kungenjalo, labo abanameva ambalwa badinga umoya omncane nomthunzi.
Isibindi
Iqukethe igama elihlobene nekhono lezitshalo ukuze ziphile ezimweni ezimbi ngesikhathi sokukhula kwazo, zikwazi ukubekezelela amakhaza, ukushisa, isomiso nomoya. Endabeni ye-cacti, ngezikhathi zasebusika kufanele zivikelwe njengoba ingakubekezeleli ukubandayo (izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-7ºC), kunconywa ukuthi ibe emakamelweni afudumele kakhulu namazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-20ºC futhi igweme ukuhlalisana kokubandayo kanye nomswakama wenhlabathi. imvelo ezungezile.
Uhlobo Lomhlabathi
Umhlabathi, owaziwa nangokuthi i-substrate, ubhekisela endaweni lapho isitshalo sitshalwe khona, banesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngemisoco ekuthuthukisweni kwaso futhi banikeze ukuzinza ngesikhathi sokukhula kwaso. I-Cacti iyakwazi ukumelana nenhlabathi eyomile (ugwadule) esabalaliswe kuwo wonke la mazwe, kodwa uma itshalwe emhlabathini owondleke kakhudlwana ingaba nokukhula okunamandla futhi iqhakaze kakhulu.
Kunconywa ukusebenzisa inhlabathi ene-porosity eyanele, ukunotha okusesilinganisweni, inala yemisoco, ukugcinwa komswakama okuhle kanye ne-pH ene-acidic kancane (cishe 6).
Umanyolo we-Cacti
Ziyizinto eziphilayo noma ze-inorganic ezinesibopho sokondla umhlabathi, ukuhlinzeka ngamaminerali afanayo ezimpandeni zezitshalo nokugcina izimo ezifanele ngesikhathi sokukhula kwazo. Nakuba i-cactus ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nenhlabathi engenawo umsoco, kuhle ukusebenzisa umhlaba olungisiwe ohlinzeka ngezakhiwo ezidingekayo futhi unikeze izakhi ezidingekayo ukuze uthuthuke kahle.
Ukufakelwa
Kwesinye isikhathi kumele kusetshenziswe izimo ezikhethekile ukuze kuthuthuke kahle isitshalo, njengokufakelwa kabusha, okusho ukuhambisa isitshalo kwenye indawo ethuthukisa ukukhula nokukhula kwaso. Uma kwenzeka i-cactus iyeka ukukhula, ithola umbala omubi futhi izimpande zayo ziphume; kungenxa yokuthi idinga ukutshalwa kabusha, uma kwenzeka imbiza, sebenzisa ubumba noma izitsha, sebenzisa i-drainage phansi.
Izinhlobo ze-Cactus ezinezimbali
I-cacti eqhakaza imele ukukhanga okukhulu, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iyamangalisa kakhulu futhi inemibala, inosayizi omkhulu impela uma iqhathaniswa naleyo etholwe kwezinye izitshalo. Izimbali zayo ngokuvamile zivela ngazinye noma zodwa, nomjikelezo wempilo omfushane kakhulu; Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-cacti futhi kuye ngezinhlobo zazo, zizoba nomthelela ekuphikisaneni kwembali, kwezinye izimo ziphila kuphela emini.
Kuzo zonke izimo, ziba nesikhathi sokuqhakaza entwasahlobo noma ehlobo, ikakhulukazi ngalezo zikhathi lapho kunokukhanya okuchichimayo namazinga okushisa aphakeme, ngaphezu kokuthanda ukuba khona kwezinyosi ezikhipha impova umpe wazo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-cacti ezinezimbali, ezigqamisa ezinye zazo ngezansi:
Inkanyezi Cactus noma Astrophytum
I-Astrophytum Ornatum eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cactus emise okwenkanyezi, ngaphezu kokuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Liendrilla, i-Biznaga, i-Astrophyto noma i-Piojosa. Inomzimba oyi-cylindrical kanye nokukhula okufika kumitha ubude, okuluhlaza okumnyama (yobusha) bese kuba okuluhlaza okukhanyayo okunamabala asiliva (ukuguga). Ngaphezu kokuba nezimbali emaqenjini amaningana amayunithi amabili ngaphezulu, zifinyelela kububanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-9, umbala wazo uphuzi futhi ziyaqhakaza kusukela maphakathi nentwasahlobo kuya ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Zitholakala eNyakatho Melika futhi zikhula kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlabathi.
I-Echinopsis
Iqukethe uhlobo lwe-cactus eyingxenye yomndeni omncane we-Cactoideae futhi idabuka eNingizimu Melika enezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-150 ezahlukene. Iziqu zawo zinesimo esiyisilinda nesibude esifinyelela umvuthwandaba ngendlela eyindilinga; ngakho-ke zisukela ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu kakhulu ziye ezihlahleni ezincane. Lolu hlobo lwe-cactus luhlanganiswe ngamaqembu amathathu futhi lukhula ngasikhathi sinye, luhlanganisa lezo zinhlobo ezifinyelela ukuphakama okukhulu. Izimbali zayo zisakazwa esiqwini futhi zigqama ngosayizi wazo omkhulu, zibhekwa njengezimbali ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuma kwecilongo, ama-petals ahlabayo (amathoni amhlophe, aphuzi, apinki noma awolintshi).
UCoryphantha
Igama elithi Coryphantha livela kwelesiGrikhi elisho imbali engaphezulu kwesitshalo, liqukethe uhlobo lwe-cactus encane noma enosayizi ophakathi, enomzimba oyindilinga futhi kokunye umumo oyisilinda onemigogodla egqamile futhi emide. Badabuka eMexico naseningizimu ye-United States; Baveza imbali ebomvana noma ensomi ehlanganisa imibala yayo namacembe amhlophe naphuzi ngaphakathi. Inezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-40 ezihlukene, ezinezinhlobo ezi-2 ezingaphansi kanye nezingu-9.
URebutia
Ingenye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa ingadi kanye nokuhlobisa futhi lokhu kungenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane ekubunjweni kwembulunga nezimbali ezimibalabala. Lezi zamuva ngokuvamile zinkulu kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nomzimba wazo, ziqhakaza enkathini yentwasahlobo futhi zifinyelela emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo noma aphezulu, kodwa kwenzeka kuphela lapho zisencane, zivela ngendlela yamaqembu ane-monochromatic shades of orange and red.
I-Aporocactus
Iwuhlobo oludabuka eMelika Ephakathi futhi ibonwa kabanzi eMexico, isabalele kuzo zonke izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Ukwethula amagama ahlukahlukene njenge-cactus yomsila wegundane, imbali yesiswebhu, i-cactus elengayo noma imbali yophondo; Zinomzimba ombozwe imigogodla futhi zingathatha izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, eyinhloko i-cylindrical futhi side, futhi ezinwabuzelayo (yingakho amagama azo avamile). Inezimbali ezincane ezinamacembe amaningi, anamanzi futhi amade akhula ezindaweni ezihlukene zomzimba wayo, aveza imithunzi phakathi kwepinki ne-fuchsia, kunezinye izinhlobo ezinemibala ephuzi nemhlophe.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile: