Ama-penguin ayizilwane ezincane ezinhle kakhulu, ezizohlala zisidonsa, ngenxa yokuhamba kwazo okuhle nobuhle boboya bawo, ngoba, nakuba ziyizinyoni, azinazo izimpaphe, kodwa ngokuqinisekile awazi ukuthi i-penguin idla ini., qhubeka ufunda le post ukuze uthole ngayo.
Adleni ophengwini?
Ama-penguin ayizilwane ezimangalisayo ngokuphelele, ngokuya ngokudla kwawo, sikutshela ukuthi anemikhuba yokudla ehlukene, ezoncika ezinhlobonhlobo kanye nendawo esemhlabeni lapho ehlala khona, ngakho-ke sifuna ukubukeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphengwini akhona futhi ukuthi iyini imikhuba yabo yokudla ekhethekile.
Kunjani ukuphakelwa kwamaphengwini ngokwezinhlobo zezilwane?
Mayelana nombuzo mayelana nokuthi amapenguin adlani, into yokuqala okufanele sikutshele yona ukuthi, njengomthetho, adla izinhlanzi nama-crustaceans amancane okuthiwa ama-krill. Izidlo zepenguin ngokuvamile zihlanganisa i-krill, okuwuhlobo lwe-crustacean efana kakhulu nezimfanzi, izingwane nenhlanzi, nakuba uhlobo ngalunye lwepenguin luzobonisa okuthandwayo kokudla okungahle kwehluke kancane.
Ngalokhu, osekuzuziwe ukunciphisa ukuncintisana phakathi kwezinhlobo zohlobo lokuphakela amaphengwini, kuthandwa ukuhlala kwazo endaweni eyodwa, nakuba ziphuma emindenini ehlukene, ngesikhathi esisodwa nokuhlala kwazo. Esigabeni sokugcina salokhu okuthunyelwe sizokukhombisa ukuthi amaphengwini adla ngani kuye ngezinhlobo zawo.
Izinhlobo ezincane zamaphengwini ezihlala e-Antarctic nase-sub-Antarctic zidla i-krill nesquid, kanti lezi zinhlobo ezitholakala enyakatho zivame ukuzondla kakhulu izinhlanzi.
I-Adélie penguin idla ngokuyisisekelo i-krill encane, kuyilapho i-chinstrap ikhetha ukudla i-krill enkulu, okwamanje, ama-emperor nama-king penguin adla kakhulu izinhlanzi kanye ne-squid.
Inani lokudla ekudleni kwamaPenguin
Inani liya kwabaningana, ngokwenani nezinhlobonhlobo zokudla, kuye ngokuthi yini etholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezitholakala kuzo nangezikhathi zonyaka esibhekisela kuzo. Isibalo sonke samaphengwini e-Adélie singadla cishe u-1.500.000.000 kg, okulingana namathani angu-1.500.000 metric tons, we-krill, 115.000.000 kg, okungamathani ayi-115.000 metric wezinhlanzi, kanye ne-3.500.000 cishe ama-3.500 amamitha angu-XNUMX. ingwane ngonyaka.
Idla kanjani ipenguin?
Okujwayelekile ukuthi ophengwini badla olwandle. Iningi labo lizingela phakathi kuka-15,3 no-18,3 m, okungamamitha angaba ngu-50 kuya kwangu-60, ukusuka olwandle. Isimo okutholakala kuso idamu singashintsha ngokwenkathi yonyaka esikuyo, futhi kuye nangesikhathi sosuku.
Amaphengwini athola usizo olubalulekile embonweni wawo ngenkathi ezingela inyamazane yawo. Okwamanje akwaziwa ukuthi amaphengwini azithola kanjani izisulu zawo ebumnyameni bobusuku, noma lapho ehlela ekujuleni okukhulu.
Ososayensi abaningana basola ukuthi ophengwini basizwa nekhono lama-ocean squid amaningi, amanye ama-crustaceans nezinhlanzi ukukhiqiza ukukhanya nge-bioluminescence. Amaphengwini manje abamba inyamazane yawo emilonyeni yawo futhi ayigwinye iphelele lapho ebhukuda. Openguin banolimi olumbozwe izikhonkwane ezincane, okungaba lula ngabo ukuthi babambe inyamazane eshelelayo kalula.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphengwini zithatha uhambo olude ukusuka ezindaweni lapho amakoloni abo atholakala khona befuna izindawo zokuzingela. Leli banga lingahluka kuye ngezinhlobo okukhulunywa ngazo.
I-Adelie ingahamba ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-15, okungamakhilomitha angaba ngu-9, ukusuka ekoloni layo, kanti labo abakwaziyo ukuhamba ibanga elide beyozingela ama-king penguin angakwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha angu-900, alingana namakhilomitha angaba ngu-559, ukuze athole. ukudla . I-Emperor penguin ingasuka kumakhilomitha ayi-164 kuya ku-1.454, okulingana nebanga eliphakathi kwamamayela ayi-102 kuya ku-903.
Izinhlobo kanye nokudla
Ake sihlukanise amakilasi kanye nemodi yokudla yamaphengwini:
I-Emperor penguin
- Izinhlobo ze-Aptenodytes forsteri
- Usayizi 112 in. (44 cm), 27-41 lb. (60-90 kg)
- Indawo yayo isezwekazini lase-Antarctic, ngaphakathi kwemingcele yeqhwa.
- Izilwane ezizidlayo yizinhlanzi nezingwane
- Izilwane ezidla ezinye zazo yingwe yama-leopard seal, ama-killer whale nama-skuas.
- Inani labantu bamanje lilinganiselwa ku-238.000 amapheya azalelayo
Inkosi Penguin
- Izinhlobo ze-Aptenodytes patagonicus
- Usayizi 94 in. (37 cm), 13.5-16 lb. (30-35 kg)
- Indawo yazo iseziqhingini naseziqhingini ezingaphansi kwe-Antarctic, ngokuvamile idla emanzini angenaqhwa.
- Izilwane ezizidlayo yi-squid nezinhlanzi
- Izilwane ezidla ezinye izinja zakwa-leopard, ama-skuas, ama-giant petrels, gull kanye namajuba ase-Antarctic
- Inani labantu bamanje lilinganiselwa ku-2.000.000 abantu abadala
i-adelie penguin
- Izinhlobo zePygoscelis adeliae
- Usayizi 46-61 in. (18-24 cm), 3.5-4.5 lb. (8-10 kg)
- Indawo yayo isezwekazini lase-Antarctic, ngaphakathi kwemingcele yeqhwa.
- Inyama yazo ikakhulukazi i-krill, kodwa futhi idla ama-squid nezinhlanzi.
- Izilwane ezidla ezinye izinja zakwa-leopard, ama-skuas namajuba ase-Antarctic
- Inani labantu bakhona lilinganiselwa ku-2.370.000 amapheya
penguin
- Izinhlobo ze-Pygoscelis papua
- Usayizi 61-76 in. (24-30 cm), 5.5-6.5 lb. (12-14 kg)
- Indawo yayo isemanzini angaphansi kwe-subantarctic kanye ne-antarctic; ngokuvamile igwema iphakethe leqhwa kanye nogu lwase-continental, ngaphandle kwalezo eziseduze neNhlonhlo ye-Antarctic
- Inyama yabo yi-krill ne-squid.
- Izilwane ezizingelayo ama-skuas, ama-leopard seal, izimvu zoboya be-Antarctic kanye namabhubesi olwandle
- Inani labantu bakhona njengamanje lingamapheya angama-387.000
I-Chinstrap Penguin
- Izinhlobo zePygoscelis antarcticus
- Usayizi 46-61 in. (18-24 cm), 4 lb. (9 kg)
- Indawo yayo itholakala eziqhingini zase-Antarctic naseNingizimu Melika.
- Inyama yabo ngokuvamile i-krill nezinhlanzi ezincane
- Izilwane ezidla ezinye ezivamile yi-leopard seal, ama-skuas namajuba ase-Antarctic.
- Inani labantu bamanje lilinganiselwa ku-8.000.000 abantu abadala
I-Rockhopper Penguin
- Izinhlobo ze-rockhopper eseningizimu, i-Eudyptes chrysocome rockhopper yasenyakatho, i-Eudyptes moseleyi
- Usayizi 41-46 in. (16-18 cm), 2.5-5 lb. (6 kg)
- Indawo yayo iseziqhingini ezingaphansi kwe-subantarctic, eziseningizimu yeFalkland Islands kanye neziqhingi zaseChile nase-Argentina; eSouth Atlantic Ocean eSiqhingini saseGough kanye naseziQhingini zaseTristan da Cunha kanye naseningizimu ye-Indian Ocean kanye neziQhingi zaseSão Paulo.
- Ukudla kwabo kuvame ukuba yizinhlanzi, ama-squid nama-krill.
- Izilwane ezidla ezinye izingonyama zasolwandle, ama-skuas nama-seagull
- Inani labantu bakhona njengamanje lingamapheya angama-1.500.000
penguin yasebukhosini
- Izinhlobo ze-Eudyptes schlegeli
- Usayizi 66-76 in. (26-30 cm), 5.5 lb. (12 kg)
- Indawo yayo iseMacquarie, uMbhishobhi kanye noClerk okuyiziqhingi eziseSouthern Ocean.
- Inyama yabo yi-squid ne-krill
- Izilwane ezizidlayo ziyizimvu zamanzi, ama-skuas nama-petrel amakhulu
- Isibalo sakhona samanje sisondele ku-850.000 imibhangqwana; iningi labantu lihlala eMacquarie Island
Ama-Antipodes Penguin
- Izinhlobo ze-Eudyptes sclateri
- Usayizi 64 in. (25 cm), 2.5-3.5 lb. (6-8 kg)
- Indawo yayo ise-Antipodes naseziqhingini zaseBounty zaseNew Zealand.
- Izilwane ezizidlayo yi-squid nezinhlanzi
- Izilwane ezidla ezinye izingonyama zasolwandle namabhubesi asolwandle
- Isibalo sakhona samanje siphakathi kwabantu abadala abayi-130.000 kuya ku-140.000.
penguin rockhopper
- Izinhlobo ze-Eudyptes chrysolophus
- Usayizi 51-61 in. (20-24 cm), 4.5 lb. (10 kg)
- Indawo yayo iseziqhingini ezingaphansi kwe-subantarctic e-Atlantic naseNdiya
- Inyama yabo yi-squid ne-krill
- Izilwane ezizingelayo ingwe yazimvu zamanzi, izinja zoboya zase-Antarctic, ama-skuas namajuba ase-Antarctic
- Inani labantu bakhona namuhla lingaba yizigidi ezingu-9 imibhangqwana
i-fiordland penguin
- Izinhlobo ze-Eudyptes pachyrhynchus
- Usayizi 61 in. (24 cm), 2.5-3 lb. (6-7 kg)
- Indawo yayo iseziqhingini ezingaphansi kwe-subantarctic naseNew Zealand.
- Inyama yabo ngokuvamile izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-crustaceans kanye ne-cuttlefish.
- Izilwane ezizidlayo ama-seal, ama-stoat, okuyizihlobo zama-weasel, nama-weka, okuyizinyoni zikaloliwe.
- Inani labantu bakhona njengamanje lilinganiselwa phakathi kuka-5.000 kanye ne-6.000 yabantu abadala
I-Snares Penguin
- Izinhlobo ze-Eudyptes robustus
- Usayizi 64 in. (25 cm), 2.5-3 lb. (6-7 kg)
- Indawo yayo iseningizimu yeNew Zealand eziQhingini zaseSnares (konke kungaphakathi kwe-3 square km)
- Inyama yabo ngokuvamile i-krill, i-squid nezinhlanzi.
- Izilwane ezidla ezinye izingonyama zasolwandle
- Inani labantu bakhona njengamanje lingaphezu kuka-62.000 abantu abadala
penguin enamehlo aphuzi
- Ama-antipode ezinhlobo ze-Megadyptes
- Usayizi 76 in. (30 cm), 6 lb. (3 kg)
- Indawo yayo iseningizimu-mpumalanga yeNew Zealand.
- Izilwane ezizidlayo ezijwayelekile yizinhlanzi nezingwane.
- Izilwane ezidla ezinye izingonyama zasolwandle kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye endaweni ezihlasela amatshwele
- Isibalo samanje sabantu silinganiselwa phakathi kwabantu abadala abangu-5930 kuya ku-6.970
I-Magellic Penguin
- Izinhlobo zeSpheniscus magellanicus
- Usayizi 61-71 in. (24-28 cm), 5 lb. (11 kg)
- Indawo yayo itholakala eziQhingini zaseMalvinas nasogwini lwaseChile nase-Argentina.
- Inyama yabo ngokuvamile izinhlanzi ezincane kanye ne-cuttlefish.
- Izilwane ezidla ezinye izingonyama zasolwandle, izinja zengwe kanye nezimpungushe ze Patagonian
- Isibalo sabantu samanje sicishe sibe ngamapheya ayi-1.300.000
I-Cape Penguin
- Izinhlobo zeSpheniscus demersus
- Usayizi 61-71 in. (24-28 cm), 3 lb. (7 kg)
- Indawo yayo isemanzini aseNingizimu Afrika
- Inyama yabo evamile, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ama-anchovies namasardine, kodwa futhi nezinye izinhlanzi, ama-squid nama-crustaceans.
- Izilwane ezizingelayo zihlanganisa izimvu zamanzi ezinoboya, amabhubesi olwandle oluseningizimu, ama-octopus, oshaka, izinkabi ezingcwele, nama-gull
- Inani labantu bakhona njengamanje lilinganiselwa kubantu abadala abangaphezu kuka-52.000
penguin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- Izinhlobo ze-Eudyptula ezincane
- Usayizi 41-45 cm (16-19 in.), cishe 1 kg (2 lb.)
- Indawo yayo iseningizimu ye-Australia naseNew Zealand.
- Inyama yabo ngokuvamile izinhlanzi ezincane.
- Izilwane ezizingelayo ngamabhubesi asolwandle, izimvu zamanzi, izinja, amakati, ama-ferrets nama-stoat
- Inani labantu bamanje lilinganiselwa ngaphansi kwesigidi esisodwa e-Australia
I-Humboldt penguin
- Izinhlobo ze-Spheniscus humboldti
- Usayizi 56-66 in. (22-26 cm), 4 lb. (9 kg)
- Indawo yayo itholakala eziqhingini ezisentshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika, nasogwini lwasePeru naseChile.
- Inyama yabo i-anchovies, okuwuhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezincane
- Izilwane ezidla ezinye oshaka nezingonyama zasolwandle
- Isibalo samanje sabantu sicishe sibe phakathi kuka-2.500 no-9.999 abantu abadala.
I-Galapagos Penguin
- Izinhlobo zeSpheniscus mendiculus
- Usayizi 53 cm (21 in.), cishe 2.5 kg (5-6 lb.)
- Indawo yayo iseziQhingini zaseGalapagos.
- Inyama yabo ngokuvamile izinhlanzi ezincane.
- Izilwane ezidla ezinye ezidla ezinye zihlanganisa oshaka, izikhova ezingotsheni, oklebe, amakati ezindle, nezinja
- Inani labantu bamanje lilinganiselwa kubantu abadala abangaphezu kwe-1.200
Yiziphi izilwane ezidla amaphengwini?
Endaweni yase-Antarctica, okuyindawo lapho iningi lamaphengwini ahlala khona, umhlaseli oyinhloko wamaphengwini isilwane esincelisayo sasolwandle esinolaka kakhulu futhi sinamazinyo amakhulu, sikhuluma ngophawu lwengwe. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwalesi silwane esikhulu esizingelayo, amaphengwini kufanele abhukude ngokushesha ukuze akwazi ukubalekela izimvu zamanzi okuthiwa ama-leopard ahlala ezama ukuzizingela ngesikhathi esemanzini, yingakho kudingeke ukuba abe ababhukudi abanekhono. uma kungenjalo bafuna ukubhubha.
Ama-Great Skuas, abuye abizwe ngokuthi ama-skuas, adla ama-penguin amancane futhi ngezinye izikhathi antshontsha amaqanda epenguin ezidlekeni zawo. Oshaka nemikhomo ebulalayo kungolunye usongo oluyingozi kwezinye izinhlobo noma izinhlobo zamaphengwini ahlala emanzini afudumele.
Uma usithandile lesi sihloko, cishe ufuna futhi ukufunda: