Funda konke mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalulwane akhona, uzokwazi izici zawo, indlela axhumana ngayo nokunye okuningi ongeke ufune ukukugeja.
Amakati
Okunye okumangazayo ngalezi zilwane ukuthi kulezilwane ezincelisayo ezinamaphiko, yisona sodwa esinamandla okundiza, ngaphezu kwalokhu, njengoba iningi lenu lazi, yisilwane esingenalo Umqondo wokubonwa othuthuke kakhulu, onemikhawulo ethile mayelana nalokhu, nokho, athuthukisa enye indlela yokuma.
Uma umuzwa wabo wokubona uphansi kakhulu, lokho abanakho okuthuthukisiwe kakhulu ukuzwa, ngoba, nge-ultrasound, bayakwazi ukuthola umthombo wabo wokudla, ngaphezu kokugwema izithiyo lapho behamba; Lesi simiso se-ultrasound, esiphelele kubo, asizwakali kubantu.
Ngokuvamile ziphila okungenani iminyaka engamashumi amabili, indlela yazo yokuphila ngokuvamile iyindawo yasebusuku, ngakho-ke mancane kakhulu amathuba okuthi bathole enye yazo emini.
Izici zamalulwane
Kunokwehlukahlukana okukhulu kwezinhlobo zalezi zilwane, ngakho-ke ngokomzimba, zingahlukahluka kuye kwesinye, noma kunjalo, kunezinhlamvu ezithile ezabelana ngazo, ziqala ngokuthi zonke zinongqimba lwezinwele ezimfishane, ukuvikeleka okuthile ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa aphansi nalapho kunomswakama omningi.
Isisindo sabo esiphezulu ngokuvamile esingamakhilogremu ayishumi, banolwelwesi oluncane kakhulu phakathi kweminwe yabo, olubasiza ukuba baqale indiza, kodwa hhayi lokhu kuphela, ngaphandle kokulawula lapho zindiza, ukuba nokuqondisa okuthile kudlula ulwelwesi.
Ziyizilwane ezingatholakala ezindaweni eziningi zeplanethi, lapho kukhona ezimbalwa ezindaweni lapho kubanda kakhulu; Indawo yabo ngokuvamile ihlathi, kanye nezingwadule nama-savannah, kodwa futhi sekujwayelekile ukuzibona emaxhaphozini, emihumeni nasezihlahleni, ezizisebenzisayo ukuphumula ngokwazo.
Ukudla kwabo kusekelwe ezithelweni, kodwa ezinhlotsheni ezithile kungahluka, njengoba kukhona ezinye ezidla izinambuzane, ezinye zikhetha umpe wezimbali, kukhona nezinye ezidla izinyoni ezincane, izilwane ezincelisayo negazi.
Amalulwane axhumana kanjani?
Indlela yayo yokuxhumana ingokwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-echolocation, lokhu kuwuhlelo lapho okuqondiwe kutholakala khona ngemisindo enezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokuvama, yingakho abantu bengayizwa le misindo, lesi silwane sikhipha lokho kuklabalasa okuyisici, eqhuma entweni bese kuthi uma isibuyiswa bazi ukuthi yini ebazungezile.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zilwane azizona izimpumputhe ngokuphelele, kodwa umbono wazo ungaphansi kowesinye isilwane, zibona indawo futhi ziyakwazi ukubona uma zisengozini, noma kunjalo, ububanzi bazo buncane kakhulu, kodwa ukwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwenkinga futhi utholakale kalula.
Izinhlobo nezici zamalulwane
Sekuke kwashiwo ngaphambili ukuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zamalulwane emhlabeni wonke, ngalinye linezici ezithile, iqiniso elimangalisayo ukuthi okwamanje kunezinhlobo zamalulwane okungenani eziyi-XNUMX, inani eliphakeme kakhulu, amanye amancane kakhulu, amanye. hhayi kakhulu, kukhona amasentimitha amane namagremu amabili ezisindo, kodwa kunamanani angalungile kulawa, afinyelela kumitha nengxenye ukuphakama futhi anesisindo sekhilogremu eyodwa amagremu angamakhulu amabili, ukuze abantu abaningi bafune Indlela yokuxosha amalulwanengokwesaba ukuhlaselwa.
Kulezo zinhlobo eziyinkulungwane namakhulu amabili, kukhona okungenani amakhulu amabili ahlukaniswa yi-IUCN njengezilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala, okuyisizathu esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isizukulwane Ukuqwashisa kwemvelo, ukuze kulondolozwe kahle imvelo.
Okulandelayo, uzokwazi ukuthola ngokuningiliziwe amalulwane amaningana adume kakhulu emhlabeni:
ilulwane lase-indiana
Imvelaphi yayo iseNyakatho Melika futhi ngokwesayensi ibizwa nge-Myotis sodalis, ngokuyisisekelo idla izinambuzane, kungaba amabhu, amabhungane ngisho nezimpukane ingaba yingxenye yokudla kwayo; Ngokuqondene noboya bayo, ngokuvamile bumpunga ngombala, nezindawo ezithile ezimnyama noma onsundu ngokukhanyayo.
Iqiniso elimangalisayo mayelana nalolu hlobo lwezilwane ukuthi ngokuvamile luyathandeka kakhulu, yingakho zibonakala ezindaweni ezinkulu, ukuze zihlale zifudumele ezikhathini zamazinga okushisa aphansi, futhi kulezo zinhlobo ezingamakhulu amabili ezibhekwa njengezisengozini, lena enye. yazo, njengoba indawo yayo yokuhlala iye yacekelwa phansi kancane kancane.
izithelo zelulwane
Ngokwesayensi ibizwa ngokuthi i-Pteropus livingstonii, ikhanda layo lifana kakhulu nelezimpungushe, ngenxa yalesi sizathu kunezindawo lapho zibizwa khona ngokuthi izimpungushe; lolu hlobo luhlukaniswe ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobo; Iqiniso elithakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi ubukhulu bayo ngokuvamile okungenani amasentimitha angamashumi amane kanye nobukhulu obungamasentimitha ayikhulu namashumi amahlanu.
Ukudla kwabo kusekelwe esithelweni kuphela, yingakho igama layo libizwa ngalokhu, okuvame kakhulu futhi okuthandayo kakhulu amakhiwane, kodwa futhi badla umango, ubhanana, izinsuku; ngakho-ke ngokuvamile ihlala kulezo zindawo lapho izithelo zigcwele khona.
UMurciélago vampire
Igama layo lesayensi yi-Desmodus rotundus solo, lolu hlobo lwavela esifundeni saseMexico, kodwa ilungu lalezi zingatholakala emazweni amaningana aseLatin America njengeBrazil, Argentina kanye neChile. Lena ayidli izithelo njengeyangaphambili, kodwa isekela ukudla kwayo egazini lezinye izilwane.
Ithola igazi lezisulu zayo ngokwenza ukusika okungenani amasentimitha amathathu ubude; ukusikeka okuvame ukudala izinkinga ezinkulu kulezi zilwane, njengoba zithelela isilonda, zithola inani elikhulu lama-parasites nezifo; Kunemininingwane ekhombisa ukuthi abantu bebeyizisulu zalezi zilwane.
ilulwane lezithelo zaseGibhithe
Kuvame kakhulu ukuthola lolu hlobo lwamalulwane emihumeni etholakala emazwenikazi ase-Asia nase-Afrika, igama laso lesayensi yi-Rousettus aegyptiacus, livame kakhulu eNdiya, eCyprus nasePakistan; Ukudla kwakhe kusekelwe ezithelweni, njengama-apula, amakhiwane, amapentshisi namabhilikosi.
Uboya babo buvamise ukuba mnyama ngombala, kodwa bulula endaweni yentamo. Zinkulu futhi zingaba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayikhulu namashumi amane, amehlo azo makhulu kakhulu; ingase ibe nombono othuthuke kakhudlwana kuneminye.
ilulwane elincane elinsundu
Igama laso lisho konke mayelana nobukhulu baso, lesi silwane esincane singaba nesisindo esingamagremu ayishumi nanhlanu kuphela, ngokwesayensi sibizwa ngokuthi iMyotis lucifugus; Lolu hlobo lungatholakala emazweni amaningana njenge-United States, Alaska futhi ingenye ye izinhlobo zamalulwane eMexico. Ngaphezu kobukhulu bayo, igama layo libuye lisho umbala wayo, okungukuthi imvamisa insundu ngokumnyama, ikhanda layo libanzi nezindlebe zayo zinkulu.
I-Philippine flying fox
Igama layo lesayensi yi-Acerodon jubatus, isici sayo esingavamile ubukhulu bayo, njengoba ingafinyelela kumitha nengxenye, yingakho ihlukaniswa njengelulwane elikhulu, ngaphezu kokuba likhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.
Ukudla kwayo kusekelwe kuphela ezithelweni, njengoba negama layo libonisa, itholakala ePhilippines, lapho ingatholakala khona emahlathini. Leli elinye lamalulwane asohlwini olusengozini yokushabalala, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indawo ahlala kuyo isicekeleke phansi, amahlathi agawuliwe.
Ilulwane likaKitti's Hog-nosed
Ngokwesayensi ibizwa nge-Craseonycteris thonglongyai, isici sayo esiyinqaba kakhulu futhi saziwa kakhulu futhi isithandwa kakhulu, yingoba incane kunazo zonke, usayizi wayo ungamamilimitha angamashumi amathathu nantathu kuphela, kodwa isisindo sayo simangalisa kakhulu. inesisindo esingamagremu amabili kuphela.
Lelilulwane lingatholakala eBurma, eningizimu-mpumalanga, kodwa naseThailand, entshonalanga; ikakhulukazi emigedeni yalawo mazwe nasemifuleni.
