Imvelo iyisihloko sezingxoxo eziqhubekayo zezinhlaka ezahlukene zikahulumeni kanye nemihlangano yamazwe ngamazwe emhlabeni jikelele, ngenjongo yokonga izindawo zemvelo nokunakekela izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane eziphilayo. Ukuze benze lokhu, baye basungula izincazelo ezahlukene ezizoqondisa ukucinga kwalokhu kubhalansi okuqhubekayo, ngezansi sizobhekisela Ekuphepheni Kwemvelo kanye nomthelela wako emphakathini wanamuhla.
Ukuphepha Kwemvelo Nokubaluleka Kwako
Igama elithi ukuphepha lichazwa ngokuthi yonke into esinikeza ukukhululeka, ehlanganisa yonke into edala ukuthula nokuthula. Livela egameni lesiLatini elithi "securitas". Sonke isidalwa esiphilayo sifuna ukuthuthukisa impilo yaso endaweni esinikeza ukulondeka, kuyindlela eyanele yokukwazi ukuzala nokuthuthuka ngendlela enempilo. Yigama elibanzi kakhulu elingasetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene, enjengomuntu siqu, umsebenzi, imizwa nokunye okuningi.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umuntu uye wasungula izindlela ezintsha zokubona ukulondeka, egcizelela ukuthi akukhona nje ukuzwa kwemvelo yomuntu kodwa futhi kuhlanganisa izici zobukhosi, amanani ezithakazelo kanye nobudlelwano obuvamile obuhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka komhlaba wonke nendawo. Ngokubheka zonke lezi zici, kwavela isici esisha okufanele sicatshangelwe ngokwesidingo seplanethi, eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuphepha kwemvelo, okuhlanganisa ukuphepha kwezwe kanye nezwe.
Ukuphepha kwemvelo kuhlobene nendlela yokuzivikela kuzo zonke izingozi ezibangelwa imvelo. Kuyitemu elavela ngokusemthethweni ku-World Charter for Nature maphakathi no-82, ngenhloso yazo zonke izizwe ezibambe iqhaza ekuzibophezeleni emhlabeni wonke ezinsongweni ezingaba nomthelela emvelweni futhi zidinga ukwelashwa noma ukwesekwa. ngaphezu kokunikeza ikhwalithi yokuphila nokuthula kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezisebenzisana endaweni eshiwo.
Isigqi sokuphila kwansuku zonke sithonywe izici zezwe ezishintshe kakhulu emakhulwini eminyaka amuva nje, ngokusho kocwaningo, enye yezingozi eziyinhloko umphakathi okufanele ubhekane nazo inqubomgomo yawo yezempi edale izingxabano ezihlukahlukene zezikhali, ezibangela izingxabano nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza. ukungqubuzana kwabo. Njengamanje, sekuqubuke ezinye izitha ezimele inkinga yomhlaba wonke njengokushoda kwamanzi okuphuza, ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, ukuwohloka okwenyuka kongqimba lwe-ozone, ukunqwabelana kukadoti okukhulu, phakathi kokunye.
Ukuvela kwazo zonke lezi zinkinga zezemvelo kuholele ekusungulweni kwentuthuko entsha yezobuchwepheshe ukuze ikwazi ukulwa futhi ibhekane nazo, njengokwakhiwa kobunjiniyela bokusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo njengamadamu asebenzisa amanzi okwakhiwa kwamandla kusukela ekwindla imizimba yamanzi, amapulazi omoya ukuze kuzuze imisinga yomoya, phakathi kokunye. Futhi ukusebenzisa izindlela ezilula eziqinisekisa ukuphepha endaweni ezungezile, njengokugaywa kabusha ukuze kusetshenziswe kabusha imikhiqizo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuphepha kwemvelo kuthathwa njengengxenye yokuvikela emhlabeni wonke, okuvela ezenzweni ezincane zomuntu kuya ezinqumweni zikahulumeni. Izinkinga zezikhungo kumele zidingidwe ngendlela kazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe, kuhlonishwe izinqubomgomo zezwe ngalinye futhi kubhekwe nesimo sendawo yesizwe ngasinye, njengoba isizwe ngasinye sizoba nenkinga yaso yezemvelo kuye ngezinsiza ezisihlanganisayo.
Imibono yezemvelo kumele ithuthukiswe emazweni akubo, imithethonqubo ekhona kanye nemithetho egxile ekongiweni kwezinsiza kanye nokuvikeleka kwezwe, yingakho kuphakama ukuphepha kwezempi, okumele ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zemvelo kanye nokunikeza izixazululo zokungavikeleki kokudla.ukungazinzi komphakathi, ubumpofu. , ukushoda, phakathi kokunye. Ngakho-ke, kuyisici esihlanganisa imigomo yezenhlalo, yabantu, ezomnotho kanye nemvelo, eqinisekisa ukulingana phakathi kokuthuthukiswa komphakathi wanamuhla kanye nemvelo; ukugcina umbono wemvelo wokongiwa kweplanethi nempilo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokuphepha kwemvelo kunokubaluleka okubalulekile ngeminyaka yawo-80, njengoba ukuqwashisa ngalo mbono kwaphakanyiswa futhi kwaduma ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, kugcizelela ukuthi akunakwenzeka ngomuntu ukuthuthukisa impilo yakhe ngaphandle kwezomnotho, ezenhlalakahle, ezombangazwe. kanye nemvelo. Endabeni yama-90s, i-FAO (Inhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene) yahlola lezi futhi yethula igama elithi umthetho wokuphepha kwabantu, elihlanganisa ukubaluleka kwamalungelo abantu endaweni ezungezile ukuze kuhlalisane ngokuzwana okwanele.
Vikela Ezingozini
Uma ukhuluma ngokuvikeleka kwemvelo, akunakugwenywa ukuthi ungagqamisi imininingwane yomlando evumela umbono wamazwe ngamazwe ukuba uhlanganiswe, okubonisa ukuthi incazelo ehlanganisa isici se-geopolitical (ucwaningo lwegeography yomuntu neyomzimba kanye nobudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe), ngokusekelwe ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba ezwenikazi ngalinye elihlukaniswe ngamazwe awo.
Umuntu ubebonakala ekuguquleni inqubomgomo yezempi ezimpini eziningi ezihlomile kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, njalo ngenhloso yokuvikela izindawo zabo ezingozini ezingase ziguqule inhlalakahle yesifunda sabo. Isibonelo, kusukela ekuqaleni lapho umuntu ezingela ukuze athole izinsiza ukuze zidliwe, njengokuvikela imigqa yemingcele, phakathi kokunye.
Njengamanje, kunezinguquko lapho isitha singaseyona nje ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza noma ukulwa kwezempi phakathi kohulumeni, kodwa futhi kunezinkinga ezithule eziya ngokuya ziba khona, njengokuwohloka kongqimba lwe-ozone, ukulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, indawo yokuhlala. ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, ukucekelwa phansi ngokuphelele kwemvelo, phakathi kokunye. Ukugqugquzela umphakathi ukuthi usebenze ezivumelwaneni zamazwe ngamazwe zokongiwa kwemvelo kanye nokubuyiselwa kwemithombo yemvelo, izinjongo ezivelayo ngokwesimo esibucayi esikhona kanye nemibono yezizukulwane ezizayo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuphepha kwemvelo kubhekwa njengenkinga yomhlaba wonke, okumele kubhekwane nayo izikhungo, izinhlangano zikahulumeni, ochwepheshe kanye nochwepheshe abanezindlela zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe. Izinsongo emvelweni ziya ngokuya ziba buthuntu, kucatshangelwa izinkinga zezombangazwe ezahlukene ezithinta indawo ezungezile yesizwe ngasinye.
Ukuvela kwamagama emvelo maphakathi nawo-20s kwaqala ukugqamisa ukubaluleka kokulinganisa phakathi komuntu nemvelo, okubonisa ukuthi akunakugwenywa ukukhipha izenzo zabantu njengepolitiki, umnotho, amasiko, umphakathi, phakathi kokunye, endaweni yemvelo. ; ngayinye ixhunywe komunye nomunye futhi ukushintsha noma yikuphi kuzothinta ukuvumelana kwemvelo ngakho-ke ukuphepha komuntu kanye nemvelo.
Esinye isikhathi esibalulekile kwaba maphakathi nawo-80 lapho ukuphepha kwemvelo kwakuchazwa njengenhlekelele ecashile yokubaluleka ekuthuthukisweni kwemvelo yomphakathi. Maphakathi nawo-90s, kwavela ukubaluleka kwamalungelo abantu okuvikeleka okuhlanganisa amalungelo abantu kanye nemvelo, okugqamisa ukuthi kuyisici esihlanganisa imikhakha eminingi okufanele icatshangelwe ukuze kulondolozwe ubuntu.
Ukuphepha Kwemvelo Ngezindawo
Ukuphepha kwemvelo kuyisici esincike ngokuphelele ezinhlakeni zikahulumeni kanye nesimo sendawo yesifunda ngasinye, kucatshangelwa yonke imithetho emkhakheni wezomnotho, wezepolitiki, wezenhlalo kanye nemvelo.
Isifunda ngasinye kule planethi sakhiwe izinsiza zemvelo neziyingqayizivele, kukhona ngisho nezindawo ezihlala njalo (zabomdabu) kuleyo ndawo, njengokutholakala kwama-kangaroo abomvu e-Australia, ubuningi bemifula ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo eziningi. kanye nezilwane eNingizimu Melika, phakathi kwezinye. Izwe ngalinye lenze izindlela zokuthola izinsiza zokuthuthukisa izwe, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukusetshenziswa kwabantu abaningi kuye kwavusa isithakazelo ohlotsheni lokuphepha kwemvelo, okuhlanganisa izihloko ezilandelayo:
Ukuphenduka ugwadule kwezindawo eziluhlaza
Umuntu ubelokhu efuna izindlela zokuthola inzuzo enkulu emithonjeni yemvelo, okuholela ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo okuqhubekayo kuzo zonke izindawo zomphakathi. Ukugqamisa ukukhula kwamadolobha okulokhu kukhula futhi kuxosha imithombo yemvelo, ukwenza lo mkhuba kucekela phansi izimila futhi kwandisa ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, kushintsha imijikelezo yemvelo yemvelo, kwandise izikhathi zesomiso esidala ukugwaduleka nokulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ukuthuthuka kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kubhekise ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu sasemhlabeni esithinta izimo zokuphila emhlabeni, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kube nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu okwenzeka kancane kancane futhi kungazelelwe. Kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni, umuntu uye wabambisana nokuwohloka okukhulu kongqimba lwe-ozone, okuthinta isimo sezulu sembulunga yonke.Kulokhu, ezinye izindawo ezithinteke kakhulu yileli qiniso ziyagqama, njengezifunda zaseMedithera ezihlaselwa isomiso esiqhubekayo esikhulisa umhlaba. amazinga okushisa futhi kubangele ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi.
Isandiso sezinhlobo
Kunezifunda ezicebile ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo phakathi kwezitshalo nezilwane, ezithuthuka emikhakheni ethile ukuze zinikeze izimo zemvelo ukuze zilondoloze ukukhula kwazo kulezi zindawo zokuhlala, ngenxa yokugwaduleka kwezindawo eziluhlaza, ukuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuguqulwa kwemvelo ngumuntu, kubangele ukulahlekelwa okuphawulekayo kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zemvelo yayo yemvelo, okuholela ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane kanye nengozi yezinye eziningi.
ukudoba ngokweqile
Ukudoba kuthathwa njengenye yemithombo eyinhloko yokudla komphakathi futhi kuwukuvelela kwezinye izifunda ezifana nezwekazi lase-Asia. Ukugcwala ngokweqile kwezindawo zasemadolobheni kubangele ukwanda kwezinga lokudoba, elingaphezu kokuvuselelwa kwezilwane zendawo. Ukudala ukungalingani emaketangeni okudla olwandle kanye nokushabalala kwezinhlobo ezifunwa kakhulu. Ingabalwa lezo ezibanjwe ngengozi, okuholela ekwehleni kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo olwandle.
Ukuntuleka kwemithombo yamanzi
Amanzi angenye yezidingo eziyinhloko zomphakathi, eqokomisa iqiniso lokuthi iplanethi yakhiwe ngamanzi angama-80% (usawoti kanye nosawoti), ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo kuyadingeka ukuba khona kwamanzi ahlanzekile naphuzayo (alungele ukusetshenziswa komuntu. ). Ukugqamisa izinguquko zesimo sezulu, okuletha izinkathi zesomiso izikhathi eziningi kanye namandla, okubangela ukulahleka kwemisinga yamanzi ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene.
Imililo yehlathi
Ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa elivamile leplanethi libonisa umfutho omkhulu kanye nemvamisa, ngenxa yalokho ziletha izikhathi ezinde kakhulu zesomiso, okubangela ukusha kwamahlathi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, kuhambisana nezikhathi ezinde zokushisa. Le mililo ingenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo nezilwane eziphilayo, kunciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kwendawo kanjalo nokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Amagagasi okushisa
Amagagasi okushisa ahlanganisa lezo ziqephu ezinamazinga okushisa aphakeme ngokungavamile izinsuku ezimbalwa, lezi zinguquko zikhiqiza izinguquko ezinkulu endaweni yendawo, zishintsha izimo ezivamile zezindawo zemvelo, lezi ziqephu zigqama kakhulu ezikhathini zasehlobo.
isomiso esingapheli
Ngenxa yezinguquko zesimo sezulu, imvula yehle kakhulu, izikhathi zesomiso zigqama kakhulu, okubangela ukuntuleka kwamanzi kanye nokoma ezweni; Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu unyaka nonyaka, sithonya izici ezahlukahlukene emphakathini.
ukulahlekelwa kwezitshalo
Ukulahleka kwezitshalo kuwumphumela oqondile wemiphumela ehlukene ehlanganisiwe, ikakhulukazi egqamisa ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa azokwandisa izikhathi zesomiso, ukwanda kwamagagasi okushisa kanye nezinguquko zesimo sezulu (izimvula nezikhukhula); kuzoholela ekulahlekeni kwezitshalo nezitshalo.
Izinkinga zomnotho kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla
Izinguquko endaweni ezungezile zizothonya izinzuzo zomuntu ezivela emithonjeni yemvelo, lapho umuntu eyofuna ukwanelisa izidingo zomphakathi.
Izinkinga Zezomnotho, Ezemvelo Nezomphakathi
Izinkinga zemvelo zithinte zonke izifunda zomhlaba, kunezindawo lapho izimo zimangalisa futhi lokhu kubangelwa ukuba khona kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu ezandisa isimo solwandle, okubangela ukufuduka okukhulu kwezilwane nezinhlobo zabantu, ngaphezu kokunciphisa amathuba. zosizo lwabantu. Ukugqugquzela izinkinga zomphakathi eziletha izinkinga ekuvikelekeni kwezwe kanye nakwamanye amazwe; Ezinye izibonelo ezivelele ukuvuza kwe-radioactive, ukuchitheka kukawoyela, ama-tsunami, phakathi kokunye.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izifunda eziyizisulu zalezi zenzakalo yilezo ezisolwa ngokungcoliswa komoya, njengeChina, India, United States, phakathi kwezinye; Angamazwe anezinkinga ezinkulu zokuphepha kwemvelo.
Izinsongo Zokuvikeleka Kwemvelo
Izinkinga zokuvikeleka kwemvelo imiphakathi ekhuliswe ngumuntu, ukususa imvelo endaweni yayo yemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuvame ukuthikameza amadolobha nezindawo ezakhiwe ngumuntu. Ukubangela izimo okunzima ukuzilungisa nokulimaza izimpilo zezinkulungwane zabantu, njenge:
- Ukulahleka kwezinhlobo zezitshalo
- ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngobuningi
- isomiso eside
- Ukucekelwa phansi kwe-ecosystem
- Ukungcola okuvela emisinga yomoya
- Ukunqwabelana kwemfucuza enobuthi edala izingxabano
- Izingozi
- Ukukhishwa kwezinsiza ezidala abantu njengezifo eziwubhubhane, ukuntuleka kukagesi, phakathi kokunye.
Ukubaluleka kokuphepha kwemvelo kulele ekuvimbeleni umthelela omubi emiphakathini yesikhathi esizayo ngenxa yonyawo lomuntu endaweni ezungezile, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhumana phakathi kwamazwe kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe iplanethi yomhlaba.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile:
Amandla eSolar asebenza ngani?
Indlela Yokunqanda Ukungcoliswa Komoya