Uyafuna ukwazi ukuthi zidlani izinkalankala? Khona-ke ungaphuthelwa lesi sihloko esikhulu, uzokwazi izici zayo, umehluko wokudla, phakathi kwezinkalankala zasolwandle, izinkalankala zomhlaba nezinkalankala. izinkalankala zamanzi ahlanzekile ngisho nokudla ezikudlayo uma zisekhaya, ungakhohlwa ukwabelana nobathandayo ngolwazi.
Izici zezinkalankala
Ukuqala into yokuqala okufanele wazi ukuthi yiziphi izici ezihlukene lezi zilwane ezinazo, ukuze uzazi ngokujulile, ezinye zezinhlamvu zazo ezivelele yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Omaka: Lesi silwane sihlukaniswe saba yi-cephalothorax, ingxenye yayo ehlukaniswe ekhanda, umsila, kanye nendawo ethile yethorax.
- I-Patas: inenani lamapheya ayishumi emilenze njengoba kwenzeka kuzo zonke izilwane ezingaphansi kwesigaba esibizwa ngokuthi "ama-decapod", ezinhlanu zazo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuze zikwazi ukudla, kuyilapho ezinye ezimbalwa zisetshenziselwa ukunyakaza, zine umsebenzi we-locomotor kanti abanye bawasebenzisela ukubhukuda, atholakala kakhulu emsileni.
- Shintsha: njengoba zikhula, uhlaka lwamathambo alusakwazi ukulungisa usayizi wawo, ngenxa yale nqubo yemvelo, luchitha lolo hlaka lwamathambo bese lwenza olunye olulungisa iqiniso lazo elisha.
- I-Exoskeleton: uhlaka lwamathambo olutholakala ngaphandle lwenziwe nge-chitin, olungaqukatha nezakhi ezifana ne-calcium carbonate.
- Udlawana: kukhona imilenze emibili efeza lo msebenzi, lapho bengakwazi ukuzivikela bobabili futhi bazondle ngokwabo, njengengxenye ye-dimorphism yobulili yalezi zilwane, kunganezelwa ukuthi emadodeni lezi zivame ukuba zikhulu kunabesifazane.
- Izinzwa: amehlo abo ayinhlanganisela ye-sessile, kodwa futhi anama-appendages azwelayo, kodwa hhayi lokhu kuphela, kodwa anezimpondo ezine, ezikwazi ngawo ukubona ukuthi yini ezungezile.
- isigayo esiswini: ngalokhu kushiwo isisu salezi zilwane, lapho ukudla kuhlakazwa khona bese kuhlungwa.
- Ukukhiqiza kabusha: Lokhu kwenzeka ngamaqanda, ahlanganiswa yinsikazi, nawo awafukamele aze athole isikhathi sokuchamisela.
- Indawo yokuhlala: okuvame kakhulu ukuthi zihlala phansi olwandle kanye/noma emifuleni.
Zidlani izinkalankala zasolwandle?
Lezo zinkalankala ezingabonakala uma ziya ogwini zibizwa ngokuthi izinkalankala zasolwandle, isihlabathi noma amanzi anosawoti, ezingahluka kuye ngokwendawo ngayinye. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ubukhulu benkalankala buyoba yisici esinqumayo ukwazi ukuthi i-scavenger noma i-predator, esimweni sangaphambili zincane kakhulu futhi ekugcineni zinkulu kakhulu.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezinkalankala, lezi azijwayele ukuba nobuchule obuningi olwandle, kodwa akwenzeki okufanayo uma zisemhlabeni, ngaleso sikhathi zihamba ngobuchule obukhulu, yingakho uma zisolwandle, zivame ukwenzeka. gibela esihlabathini isikhathi esiningi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukudla kwalezi zilwane kungahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi zidla inyama, ziyi-omnivorous noma zine-herbivorous, njengoba kuzobonakala ezingxenyeni ezilandelayo:
Izilwane ezidla inyama
Izinkalankala zasolwandle ezibhekwa njengezidla inyama, yilezo ezidla lezo zilwane ezivame ukuhlala phansi olwandle, phakathi kwazo singabala izinhlobonhlobo zama-molluscs nama-crustaceans; lezi zinkalankala ngokuvamile ziyi-benthic; ngezinye izikhathi zidla ulwelwe, ezinye zalolu hlobo lwezinkalankala yilezi ezilandelayo:
Inkalankala yeqhwa eluhlaza, ngokwesayensi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Chionoecetes opilio, ingatholakala olwandle lwe-Atlantic kanye nolwandle lwasePacific. Iqiniso elimangalisayo ukuthi ngokuvamile ingenye ebanjwa kakhulu ukuze idayiswe; ngaphakathi kwaleli gama kungase kube izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweziyisikhombisa ezahlukene.
Futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona okuthiwa i-Crab, emphakathini wesayensi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Cancer pagurus, kulokhu ingatholakala oLwandle LwaseMedithera uma, njengase-Atlantic, benegobolondo elikhulu, elingase ibe nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angamashumi amabili nanhlanu, isisindo sayo singaba ngamakhilogremu amathathu.
Izitshalo ezidliwayo
Ngokungafani nalezo ezishiwo esigabeni esidlule, lolu hlobo ludla ngokuyinhloko amahlumela namaqabunga ezitshalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi azithola olwandle noma ogwini lolwandle, ezinye zalezi zitshalo zingabizwa ngokuthi ama-seagrasses nemihlume, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lezi zidla izilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla. .
Enye yezinkalankala ezifakwe kulesi sigaba yilezi ezilandelayo:
I-Mangrove crab, ngokwesayensi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Aratus pisonii, evame ukubonakala phansi olwandle, ivame kakhulu ukuyithola esiqhingini saseMargarita eVenezuela, inezinzipho ezimbili eziyisizayo ekuphakeleni nasekuzivikeleni kwayo, kodwa futhi inkantolo; lezi ziyingxenye yesigaba se-Malacostraceae, i-Decapoda order kanye ne-Arthropoda phylum.
ama-omnivores
Ngokungafani nezilwane ezidla uhlaza kanye nezilwane ezidla inyama, ukudla kwazo kuhluke kakhulu futhi kunokulinganisela, ngakho zinamandla amakhulu okuzivumelanisa nokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nemvelo; lezi zingadla i-carrion, algae, izilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla nokunye; Ezinye zezinkalankala eziwela kulesi sigaba yilezi:
Inkalankala kakhukhunathi, ngokwesayensi eyaziwa ngokuthi iBirgus latro, lena ingeyomndeni obizwa ngeCoenobitidae, omunye wezinhlamvu owaziwa kakhulu ngazo ukuthi inzima kakhulu kuze kube manje, kodwa ayiyona enkulu kunazo zonke, ibalulekile Kufanele. kuqashelwe ukuthi igama layo libangelwa ukuthi inamandla okuvula ukhukhunathi futhi idle ngawo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona i-Callinectes sapidus, edume kakhulu ngokuthi i-Blue Crab, igama layo elingajwayelekile libangelwa ukuthi ngaphakathi kwe-dimorphism yobulili yalolu hlobo, abesilisa banombala ompunga emilenzeni yabo nge-tanalities encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngenkathi icala labesifazane akwenzeki ngale ndlela, kodwa i-su ibomvu noma ngezinye izikhathi i-orange.
Idlani inkalankala?
Njengoba igama layo libonisa, yilezo zinkalankala ezingabonakala emifuleni, okungukuthi, emanzini ahlanzekile, zingabomndeni obizwa ngokuthi i-Astacidae, iCambaridade kanye ne-parastacidae, zitholakala kakhulu phansi kwemifula, njengoba kulokhu. indlela ezivikela ngayo ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezisendaweni, njengama-mustelids.
Lolu hlobo lwenkalankala lungadla izinto ezihlukahlukene eziphilayo, izinhlanzi, ulwelwe, izilwane ezinomgogodla ezincane, i-carrion.
Izibonelo ezimbili ze-crayfish yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Inkalankala ebomvu yaseMelika, eyaziwa ngokwesayensi ngokuthi i-Procambarus clarkii.
- Futhi i-European crayfish, eyaziwa endaweni yesayensi ngokuthi i-Austropotamobius pallipes.
Zidlani izinkalankala?
Ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezimbili zenkalankala okukhulunywe ngazo ezigabeni ezedlule, lena ikakhulukazi isemhlabeni futhi ayikho emanzini, nokho-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izibungu zalezi zilwane zihlala ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini, lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zidinga ukuhlala ezindaweni. lapho kunomswakama omningi khona, ukuze bakwazi ukugcina amathambo abo esesimweni esiphelele; ezinsikazini zibuyela njalo emanzini ziyozala.
Okuvame kakhulu ukuthi lolu hlobo lwenkalankala ludla uhlaza, lukwazi ukudla kokubili amaqabunga nezithelo ezihlukahlukene, kodwa kunezikhathi lapho lubheka inyama efile ukuze idle kanye nezilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla. Ezinye izinhlobo zale nkalankala yilezi ezibalwe ngezansi:
- I-gecarcinus lateralis, eqanjwe ngokwesayensi, kuyilapho umphakathi uyazi ngokuthi I-Red Land Crab.
- Kanye neCardisoma guanhumi, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi inkalankala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Zidlani izinkalankala ze-hermit?
Igama layo elingavamile libangelwa ukuthi basebenzisa amagobolondo ukucasha, cishe lezi yizindlu zabo, umzimba wabo, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezinkalankala, awubavumeli ukuzivikela, ngoba uthambile kakhulu, ngenxa yalesi sizathu basebenzisa lokho. yabanye.
Idla kokubili izilwane nemifino, okungukuthi, ingadla izinhlobo ezahlukene zezikelemu, iminenke nokunye okuningi, kodwa uma ithole isithelo lapho ikhona, iphinde idle ngaphandle kwenkinga.
Ukudla kwenkalankala: zidlani izinkalankala ekhaya?
Kunzima kakhulu ukuphakela lezi zilwane ekhaya, ngoba uma zisendaweni yazo ziya ezidunjini ezizithola zisendleleni, udaba okungeke kube lula ukuba nalo ekhaya, kodwa akhona amapulazi ezinkukhu noma izitolo ezidayisayo. imikhiqizo yezilwane lapho ungathola khona ukudla kwezimfanzi nezinkalankala. Uma uthola lolu hlobo lokudla, ungangabazi ukubanika, kuyindlela engcono kakhulu.
Zidlani izinkalankala zase-aquarium?
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lolu hlobo lwesilwane, njenge Iphothi, i-White Tiger kanye nabanye, kumele baphile ngokukhululeka okuphelele, ukuzivalela emanzini noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezakhi akuyona into ehlakaniphe kakhulu, futhi akuyona into enempilo kubo, yingakho kudingekile ukukhiqiza Ukuqwashisa kwemvelo global, ukuvimbela izenzo ezinjalo ukuthi zenziwa ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Uma kwenzeka kunenkalankala ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium, ukudla kwayo kuzohluka kuye ngohlobo ngalunye lwalesi silwane, okungukuthi, uma singaphakathi kwalezo ezazihlelwe ngaphambilini noma cha, ngenxa yalezi zizathu kungcono ukuthola kuchwepheshe kusengaphambili. ukwenza amaphutha okudla nalezi zidalwa eziphilayo.
