I-Crab isidalwa esivame ukutholakala emabhishi noma kuphi emhlabeni. Iveza osayizi abahlukahlukene phakathi kwezinhlobo zayo ezihlukene futhi ijwayele ukuhlala emanzini anosawoti. Ngokuvamile i-omnivorous, nakuba izinhlobo ezithile zikhethekile njenge-carnivorous noma i-herbivorous. Ukuze wazi ukuthi izinkalankala zidlani ngokwezinhlobo zezilwane, sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda lesi sihloko.
Zidlani izinkalankala?
Izinkalankala ziyiqembu lama-crustaceans ayingxenye ye-Decapoda. Leli oda lihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-15.000 ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nama-prawn nama-prawn. Izinkalankala zidlala indima ebalulekile phakathi kwemvelo yazo, kokubili njengezilwane ezibalulekile ezidla ezinye futhi njengezisulu eziyintandokazi zezilwane eziningi ezidla inyama zasemanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, njengoba sizohlola kamuva, ezinye zazo zibalulekile ekugayweni kabusha kwezinto eziphilayo.
Izimpawu Zezinkalankala
Okulandelayo yizici ezivelele kakhulu zomzimba nezokuziphatha kwezinkalankala:
- amathegi: umzimba wayo uhlukaniswe ube yi-cephalothorax, ehlanganisa ikhanda nengxenye yethorax, kanye ne-pleon, okuvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi "umsila". Nokho, lokhu kokugcina kungancishiswa kakhulu.
- i-exoskeleton: Izinkalankala ziyizidalwa ezine-exoskeleton, okuwuhlaka lwamathambo lwangaphandle olwakhiwe nge-chitin. Ukwengezwa kuyo, ingakhiwa i-calcium carbonate futhi ibonakale iqinile kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela yakha uhlobo lwegobolondo.
- Shintsha: njengoba zikhula, i-exoskeleton "incane kubo". Ngakho-ke, njengawo wonke ama-arthropods, ayayichitha futhi yakhe entsha.
- I-Patas: Njengawo wonke ama-decapod, izinkalankala zinamapheya angu-10 emilenze. Ku-cephalothorax banamapheya angu-5. Abokuqala bayawasebenzisela ukudla bese kuthi abasele banyakaze, okusho ukuthi bawasebenzisela ukuhamba. E-pleon banamanye amapheya ayi-5 emilenze abayisebenzisela ukubhukuda.
- Ama-Tweezers: njalo, lezi zilwane zinemilenze emibili eguqulwa ibe izinsimbi. Bakhonza ukuzivikela futhi baziphakele. Ngokuvamile ziba mancane kwabesifazane.
- igesi integumentary: izinkalankala ziphefumula esikhunjeni sazo ngenxa yamagill anawo phansi kwemilenze yawo, avikelwe i-exoskeleton.
- isigayo esiswini: leli igama eliqanjwe isisu sikankalankala. Ziyizakhiwo ezidilikayo zihlunge ukudla. Uma kuziwa ekuqondeni ukuthi inqubo yabo yokudla injani, lokhu kungenye yezimpawu ezifanele kakhulu zezinkalankala.
- Izinzwa: izinkalankala zinamehlo ahlangene ahlala phansi noma ahlelwe ku-appendage ephathwayo. Futhi banama-appendages azwelayo kanye namapheya amabili ezimpondo, ngenxa yokubona indawo abakuyo.
- ukukhiqizwa kwe-oviparous: Lezi zidalwa zizalana ngokubekela amaqanda. Insikazi iyawathwala futhi awafukamele aze achanyuselwe.
- ukuthuthukiswa okungaqondile: eqandeni kuphuma isibungu esibizwa ngokuthi "nauplius" esiholela ekubeni khona kwe-planktonic. Lesi sibungu sibhekana nenqubo ye-metamorphosis size sibe umuntu omdala esimbona sonke.
- indawo ye-benthic: Ngaphandle kokunye, izinkalankala zihlala emifuleni noma ngaphansi kolwandle. Lokhu okungavamile kungasiqondisa mayelana nokuthi izinkalankala zidlani.
Ukudla Kwezinkalankala Zomfula
Imindeni ye-Astacidae, Parastacidae kanye neCambaridae ivamise ukubizwa ngama crayfish. Lawa ma-crustaceans ahlala phansi emifuleni nakwezinye izindawo ezihlala emanzini ahlanzekile, lapho ecasha khona ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye njengamamustelids. Njengengxenye yokudla kwabo, zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezitholakala embhedeni zifakiwe. Ziyizidalwa ezidla inyama futhi zingadla ulwelwe, izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezinesizotha, izinhlanzi, ngisho nenyama efile. Ngakho-ke, zibaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwezidumbu ezibekwe embhedeni, ngaleyo ndlela zigweme ukuqoqwa kwazo.
Phakathi kwezinye zezinhlobo ze-crayfish singazihlukanisa:
- I-crayfish yaseYurophu (i-Austropotamobius pallipes)
- I-American Red Crab (Procambarus clarkii)
Kuyini Ukudla Kwezinkalankala Zasolwandle?
Izinkalankala zasolwandle zakha iqembu elihlukahlukene kakhulu lama-crustaceans. Kuyo singathola izinhlobo eziningi zezinkalankala, njengama-hermits (Paguroidea), ama-spiny lobster (Palinuridae) kanye neningi lama-brachyurans (Brachyura).
Ukwazi ukuthi izinkalankala zasolwandle zidlani akuwona umsebenzi olula, ngoba ukudla kwalezi zilwane kuzoncika ezinhlobonhlobo, indawo ezihlala kuzo kanye nendlela yazo yokuphila. Ngakho-ke, ukuze sazi ukuthi izinkalankala zasolwandle zidlani, kufanele siziqoqe ngokwezinhlobo zazo zokudla, okungukuthi, uma ziyizilwane ezidla inyama, izilwane ezidla uhlaza noma ama-omnivores.
Izilwane ezidla inyama
Izinkalankala ezidla inyama ngokuvamile zine-benthic, okusho ukuthi, zidla izilwane ezihlala ngaphansi kolwandle, njengama-crustaceans anesizotha nama-mollusc. Nokho, abanye baziwa ngokuthi bagcina sebedle ulwelwe. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinkalankala ezidla inyama kukhona:
- Inkalankala (Cancer pagurus)
- Inkalankala yeqhwa eluhlaza (Chionoecetes opilio)
Izitshalo ezidliwayo
Lezi zilwane zasolwandle zidla ngokuyinhloko amaqabunga kanye namahlumela ezitshalo, kokubili ogwini nasogwini. Lezi zihlanganisa ulwelwe, utshani basolwandle kanye nemihlume. Kodwa-ke, ukuze bengeze ekudleni kwabo bangadla izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezinesizotha ngamanani amancane kakhulu. Njengesibonelo salesi silwane sasolwandle esidla utshani sinenkalankala yomhlume (Aratus pisonii). Kuyisidalwa se-arboreal, yingakho ababhali abathile beyihlukanisa njenge-semi-terrestrial.
ama-omnivores
Ukudla okunhlobonhlobo okutholakala kuzinkalankala ze-omnivorous kuzivumela ukuthi zizivumelanise kahle nemvelo ehlukene. Njengengxenye yokudla kwezinkalankala ezikulesi sigaba, singathola izilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla, ulwelwe kanye nenyama efile. Njengezibonelo zezinkalankala zasolwandle omnivorous singabala okulandelayo:
- Inkalankala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ( Callinectes sapidus )
- Inkalankala kakhukhunathi (Birgus latro)
Zidlani izinkalankala?
Singasho ukuthi labo abachitha ingxenye enkulu yomjikelezo wabo wokuphila bengaphandle kwamanzi bahlukaniswa njengezinkalankala zasemhlabeni. Nokho, izibungu zazo zisemanzini futhi ezinsikazi zibuyela olwandle ukuze zizalele. Ukwengeza kulokhu, badinga ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama ukuze amagill abo ahlale emanzi. Izinkalankala zasemhlabeni ngokuvamile ziyizilwane ezidla uhlaza. Ukudla kwazo kusekelwe ezithelweni namaqabunga, nakuba zivame ukudla inyama efile kanye nezilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla.
Njengezinye zezinhlobo zezinkalankala zomhlaba singabala:
- I-Red Land Crab (Gecarcinus lateralis)
- Inkalankala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Cardisoma guanhumi)
Izinkalankala ze-Aquarium ziziphilisa kanjani?
Izinkalankala ziyizidalwa okufanele ziphile esimweni sazo semvelo nanjengengxenye ye-ecosystem yazo, hhayi endaweni ehlala emanzini. Nokho, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, ngezinye izikhathi sizithola sisesidingo sokunakekela inkalankala esingakwazi ukuyibuyisela ekhaya. Uma lesi kuyisimo sakho futhi uke wazibuza ukuthi zidlani izinkalankala zase-aquarium, sizokunikeza izinkomba ezithile.
Ukudla kwezinkalankala zase-aquarium kuzoncika endaweni yazo, indlela yokuphila kanye nokuthi zingezaziphi izinhlobo. Into elula kakhulu ukwaziswa kahle kakhulu mayelana nokudla kwabo kwemvelo futhi uzame ukukulingisa. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho kungaqinisekiswa khona ukudla okufanele. Uma usenokungabaza, into efanele ongayenza ukucela iseluleko kuchwepheshe ongasiqondisa.
Njengengxenye yezinhlobonhlobo zezinkalankala esivame ukuzibona kuma-aquarium yilezi:
- I-European fiddler crab (Uca tangeri): iyi-semi-terrestrial crustacean, enokudla okuyi-omnivorous okudliwa kwayo ngokuyinhloko okwenziwe yizinsalela ezinomsoco, njenge-microalgae. Njengengxenye yokudla kwabo singathola nezitshalo ze-marsh, udoti kanye ne-carrion.
- I-Red land crab (Neosarmatium meinerti): sikhuluma ngenkalankala yamanzi anosawoti, i-arboreal ekukhuleni kwayo. I-omnivorous ngokulinganayo, nakuba idla, ikakhulukazi amaqabunga omhlume namahlumela. Ingaphinda idle udoti wamaqabunga, ulwelwe kanye nezilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla.
- I-rainbow crab (Cardisoma armatum): inkalankala edla amaqabunga, izithelo, izimbali, amabhungane nezinye izinambuzane.
- I-Panther crab (Parathelphusa pantherina): iyi-crustacean yamanzi ahlanzekile futhi, ngakho-ke, i-omnivorous edla yonke into.
Curiosities
- Amazinyo enkalankala atholakala esiswini sayo.
- Inkalankala enkulu kunazo zonke eyaziwa kuze kube manje yatholakala eMaryland. Owesilisa ubude obungama-intshi angu-9.
- Ngemva kokulahlekelwa uzipho, inkalankala ingakwazi ukuyikhulisa futhi.
- Izinkalankala zibizwa nangokuthi ama-decapod, njengoba zinemilenze eyishumi (i-deca) (ama-pods). Imilenze emibili yokuqala iboniswa njengezikhonkwane, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-chelae.
- Abesilisa banezisu eziwumngcingo, kanti abesifazane banesisu esibanzi.
- Inkalankala yaseJapane ingabonisa ukuhlukana phakathi kwemilenze engamamitha angu-3 ukuya kwangu-4, engafinyelela kumamitha angu-8 uma iyinwetshiwe.
- Inkalankala yesicabucabu saseJapane, ngaphezu kokuba endala kunawo wonke, kukholakala ukuthi iyona ehlala ekujuleni, kanye nalena ephila isikhathi eside kakhulu.
- Izinkalankala ze-Hermit, izinkalankala zenkosi, izinkalankala zehhashi, nezinkalankala zobumba azizona izinkalankala zangempela, ngoba aziwona ama-decapod.
- Izinkalankala ezinozipho olulodwa olukhulu ohlangothini olulodwa, ezingaluphakamisa esenzweni esibonakala silingisa umuntu odlala ivayolini.
- Inkalankala enemibala eminingi emhlabeni inkalankala i-Sally Lightfoot. Ibonisa imibala ebomvu, ewolintshi, ephuzi nemhlophe.
- Izinkalankala zingahlala emhlabathini, inqobo nje uma zikwazi ukugcina izinzwa zazo zimanzi. Lokhu kungenzeka ngesinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani uzobona izinkalankala ziseduze kakhulu namagagasi, ogwini.
- Izinhlobo zezinkalankala ezidliwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke inkalankala yaseJapane eluhlaza noma inkalankala yamahhashi.
- Izinkalankala zivame ukubiliswa zisaphila, futhi ngokuphambene nenganekwane ethandwayo, kokubili izinkalankala namalobster angakwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu futhi ngokuvamile awakhohlwa ukusinda.
- Emasikweni amaningi aseMpumalanga Asia, i-roe, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi inqwaba yamaqanda e-ovarian, isadliwa njengoba ibhekwa njengomthombo omuhle kakhulu we-omega-3 fatty acids.
- Izinkalankala zingabaxhumanisi abangavamile. Ngokuvamile zixhumana ngokushaya izinzipho noma ngokunyakazisa izinsimbi zazo.
- Izinkalankala zidume ngokusebenza njengeqembu. Basebenza ndawonye ukuze banikeze ukudla kanye nokuvikela imikhaya yabo. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, eyeduna ibheka indawo ethokomele lapho eyensikazi ingadedela khona amaqanda ayo.
- Ukuhamba nokubhukuda uye ezinhlangothini zezinkalankala kuvame ukudonsa ukunaka.
- Ungakwazi ukubona ubulili benkalankala ngokubheka ngaphansi kwegobolondo layo. Abesifazane ngokuvamile babonisa idome, kanti abesilisa babonisa ingaphandle le-phallic.
Ezinye izindatshana esingathanda ukuzincoma yilezi: