Ukutshala ingadi kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile owenziwa ngumuntu, okuyindlela yokuphumula nokuxhumana nemvelo engavumeli nje kuphela ukuthola izinzuzo zezempilo kodwa futhi nokuzitholela izithelo ezitshalwa ngokwazo, ezinempilo, ezingenawo amakhemikhali nasekhaya labo. . Isici esifanelekile kulokhu inhlabathi esetshenziswayo ezovumela impumelelo ekutholeni izinhlobo zezitshalo ezifunwayo, esihlokweni esilandelayo sizofunda indlela yokulungisa insimu yensimu ebonisa izici eziyinhloko okufanele zicatshangelwe.
Ulungiswa Kanjani Umhlaba Ukuze Ube Nengadi
Umhlabathi uqukethe indawo yobuso bomhlaba esatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke, isuka ekuhlakazweni nasekuguqulweni kwamadwala nezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo okuthe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwahlanganiswa futhi kwahlalwa kwaze kwadalwa umhlabathi oqweqwe. Ingaziwa ngokuthi umhlaba, inhlabathi noma indawo engaphezulu, iwuhlobo lwendawo enothile ngezinto eziphilayo, evumela ukujikeleza kwamanzi ohlelweni lwayo futhi ibe nokuqoqwa kwezakhi namaminerali; konke lokhu kuye kwavumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziphilayo eziye zashintsha ukuphila kulo lonke iplanethi.
Elinye lamaphuzu alo afaneleka kakhulu ukukhula kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ohlelweni lwazo olungaphezulu, lapho sezizele ukuhlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo kuwo wonke amaplanethi omhlaba, ezivumelana nezimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene nezinhlobo zomhlabathi, ezihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zemvelo. njengezihlahla, izihlahla, utshani, phakathi kokunye. Ukumela umthombo ofanele emnothweni wawo wonke amazwe kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthuthukisa izinqubo zezolimo ukuze kutshalwe izinhlobo zezitshalo ezifanele ukuze zisetshenziswe umphakathi.
Ezolimo ziye zagqama kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi lapho umuntu etshala imbewu yokutshalwa kwezithelo nemifino okuyingxenye yokudla kwansuku zonke kwesintu. Ukuze kwenziwe izinqubo zokulima ngendlela eyanele, kubalulekile ukucabangela izikhathi phakathi kokuqala kokuhlwanyela kuze kutholakale isivuno; ukuhlela ukusetshenziswa okufanele komhlabathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo kanye nesivuno somkhiqizo. Ngalokhu, kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi uzokwazi ukuthola insiza ngendlela eyanele futhi ngaphandle kokulimaza indawo engaphezulu.
Ngenxa yalokhu, sekusungulwe izinhlelo zokutshala ezincane nezilawulwayo, njengezingadi zezithelo, inhloso yazo kuwukuvuna ukudla okuzodliwa abantu. Zimelela izinhlelo zokufinyelela kalula kubantu kanye nokutshalwa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezitholakala ngokushesha, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, okwamanje zihlonishwa kakhulu emakhaya, ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, kumaphrojekthi wesikole noma ngezinhloso zemvelo. Kulezi zimo, kunconywa ukucabangela ikhalenda lokutshala izinhlobo, ukuthola umkhiqizo nokugcina izakhiwo zenhlabathi.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izingadi zezithelo kuhle ukuhlwanyela phakathi nezinyanga zika-April, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inyanga ka-April ibhekwa njengenyanga yokuzalwa kabusha kwemvelo, ngaphezu kokuqala kwentwasahlobo, inkathi yokuqhakaza kwezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo. . Lokhu kumelela isici esibalulekile sokulungiselela insimu yensimu yezithelo, lolu hlobo lwesizini luzozivumela ukuthi zikhule ziqine futhi zikhule ngokwanele ngamandla. Kuyinto efunwa kakhulu umsebenzi wokupheka emphakathini ukuze kusetshenziswe ukudla okuqondile nokuzilibazisa.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi kuyiphuzu eliyisisekelo lokuphumelela kwensimu yezithelo, ngoba izakhiwo zayo zizovumela ukuthuthukiswa kwembewu ehlwanyelwe phezulu, ukukhula kwezimpande kanye nokuqiniswa kwesitshalo lapho sifinyelela ukuphakama. Umhlabathi unezinto ezinomsoco ezitshalweni, kodwa kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azinazo izithasiselo ezifana nokhula nezinambuzane, njengoba ukuba khona kwesinye noma kokubili kungonakalisa isivuno.
Izinyathelo Zokulungisa Umhlaba Wengadi
Umhlabathi umele isici esiyisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kokuphila kuwo wonke umhlaba, uvumela ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo emhlabeni wonke. Ivumela ukuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi ehlangene nemvelo kanye nemvelo, njengokutshala nokulima, imikhuba evelele kakhulu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ngoba ivumela indawo yemvelo ukuba ihileleke ezindlini nasezingadini ngisho nasezindlini nasezindlini ezincane ezisezindaweni zasemadolobheni. .
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukubaluleka kokulungisa umhlabathi okuzokwenziwa kuwo le mikhuba kuyagqanyiswa, kulungiswe ukuze kutshalwe njengamabhodwe noma amatafula okulima; Uma kulungiswa ingadi, igcinwa ngesimiso esifanayo okufanele sithuthukiswe, kucatshangelwa inkathi lapho imbewu ihlwanyelwa khona. Zikhona ezinye izinto ezinomthelela onyakeni njengamakhaza, imvula, ukuchichima kokuchelela, phakathi kokunye okunomthelela empumelelweni yokutshala.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inhlabathi yakhiwe imisoco ehlukahlukene ethanda isitshalo, kodwa njengoba ihlale ibhekene nezinguquko ezinkulu zezulu noma ukunganakwa kahle komhlaba, ingabangela ukucinana kwayo futhi ivimbele ukujikeleza kwamanzi nomoya, ithathe. kucatshangelwa ukuguga kwemisoco ngokutshala ngokuqhubekayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuyadingeka ukuba nokulungiswa okwanele kwendawo engaphezulu ngokulandelana ukuze kugcinwe esimweni esihle futhi esinempilo sokulinywa kwayo. Okulandelayo sizogqamisa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuze sisetshenziswe kahle:
Khomba uhlobo Lwendawo
Ukukhethwa kwendawo kanye nendawo okuzosetshenziswa kuyo ukulima nokulungiswa kwensimu yezithelo kumelela indawo yokuqala futhi ebalulekile njenganoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi osuselwe. Into yokuqala ukwazi izinhlobo zenhlabathi ekhona, ukukhomba ukuthi iyiphi efaneleka kakhulu yohlobo lokutshala oluzokwenziwa; egqamisa ukulingana phakathi kwenhlabathi, izimo zezulu kanye nezinhlobo zezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo eziyinhloko zenhlabathi ezikhona yilezi ezilandelayo okufanele zigqanyiswe:
- inhlabathi enesihlabathi
Iqukethe uhlobo lwenhlabathi enezinhlayiya ezinkulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye, zilukhuni futhi zomile, ngenxa yokuhlukana kobukhulu phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezihlukene komunye nomunye, okubangela ukuthi bangagcini amanzi futhi bawakhiphe ngokushesha, Ngenxa yalesi sici, ivumela i-oksijeni ephezulu, inikeze izimpande ubukhulu be-drainage, igcine izinga lokushisa elifanele, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa afudumele, okugcina izimo zabo ezinhle kakhulu.
Azithathwa njengezisezingeni eliphezulu kwezolimo ngenxa yomthamo wazo omncane wokugcina amanzi, okubangela ukudonswa kwemisoco kanye nokuba mpofu kweminye inhlabathi. Lolu hlobo lwenhlabathi alunikezi izitshalo ithuba lokusebenzisa amaminerali akhona ngokuphumelelayo, ngakho-ke isetshenziselwa lezo zinhlobo ezimelana kakhulu ne-rustic ezingadingi okuqukethwe okunomsoco okuphezulu, njengezihlahla ezifana nephayini, i-cypresses, phakathi kwezinye. abanye.
- inhlabathi yobumba
Kuwuhlobo lwenhlabathi olwakhiwe ngezinhlamvu eziphuzi ezicolekile, cishe ubumba obungama-45%, into ekwazi ukugcina amanzi amaningi ngobuningi kuze kube yilapho ikhiqiza ama-puddles. Zaziwa njengenhlabathi enzima enekhono elikhulu lokugcina amanzi futhi ngenxa yalokho nezakhamzimba ezikhona, okwenza abe namandla okuvunda.
Isakhiwo sangaphakathi salolu hlobo lwenhlabathi sibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba izakhi zixhunyaniswa namaminerali obumba enhlabathini, ngaphezu kokugqamisa ukukhangana kwe-capillary phakathi kwezinhlayiya, okubangela izikhala ezincane phakathi kwezinhlayiya zobumba, leli qiniso liyimbangela ukugcinwa kwawo okukhulu kwamanzi nezakhamzimba kodwa kuvimbele ukugeleza kwawo futhi ngenxa yalokho kubangele ukuthi idideke, ihlangane kalula futhi ibe nodaka ngokushesha; Konke lokhu kuphazamisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-oxygen enhlabathini kanye nempilo yezimpande.
Lolu hlobo lwenhlabathi luthinteka kakhulu ezikhathini zokushisa okukhulu, njengasentwasahlobo, ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwamanzi, kuthatha isikhathi ukushisa futhi ezinye izitshalo ziyathinteka, ehlobo zingabhaka kalula futhi zibangele ukuqhekeka. Lolu hlobo lwenhlabathi ludinga inselele enkulu ekulimeni kodwa yizona ezinconywa kakhulu ngokuqukethwe kwazo okunomsoco.
Lapho kwakhiwa ingadi, kufanele kubhekwe uhlobo lomhlabathi, uma imvelo yayo ingaziwa, izindlela eziyisisekelo ezifana nokuthinta zingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukuthungwa kwayo.Okunye okukhethwa kukho wukumanzisa ukuze ubone ukuthi iziphatha kanjani. Ezingadini zezithelo ezivamile, bafuna ukuthola ibhalansi ekahle phakathi kwenhlabathi enesihlabathi nobumba, ngokwemvelo kunzima ukuyithola ngale ndlela, ngakho-ke ixutshwe nobumba, i-perlite noma i-coconut fiber. Okuhle wukuthola okuningi kuzo zombili izinhlobo zenhlabathi.
Susa Ukhula
Ukhula lubhekwa njengeqoqo lezitshalo ezivela ngokwemvelo emazweni ahlukahlukene lapho kutshalwa khona noma izinhlobo zezitshalo. Iqukethe i-agglomeration yezihlahla noma ukwanda kokhula olukhula kanye nezinhlobo ezitshalwa ngumuntu emasimini, emasimini ezolimo noma ezweni, okunomthelela omubi ekuthuthukisweni kwawo okuvamile.
Kuyinto evamile ukubona ukuba khona kokhula emasimini kanye nezinhlobo zezitshalo ezithakazelisayo, ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi futhi ngisho nangaphambi kokulungisa inhlabathi yensimu yezithelo, izitshalo ezingafuneki kufanele ziqedwe ezweni lethu, ngoba Zeba izinsiza ezidingekayo ezifana namanzi, imisoco kanye namaminerali avela ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezitshalwayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuba nolwazi olwanele lokuqeda ukhula, okulungele ukuthola izitshalo ezinempilo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Kunconywa ukuthi ungasebenzisi amakhemikhali ukuze kuqedwe ukhula, lokhu kubangelwa okokuqala ukuthi imikhiqizo etholakalayo isetshenziselwa ukudliwa ngabantu futhi ingashintsha isimo sayo esivamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingashintsha impahla yomhlabathi, iguqule izakhi ezimuncwa impande. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu iwukuzikhipha ngesandla, ukususa izimpande zazo ukuvimbela ukukhula kwazo okuqhubekayo kanye nokuzala okungenzeka.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukhula alusoze lwaqedwa ngokuphelele ezingadini zezitshalo, ngoba luvela ezilwaneni ezikhona enhlabathini, ngokuvamile ngemva kokunisela luqala ukuvela futhi. Kunconywa ukuthi ulinde isikhathi esifanele sokuzikhipha, ulinde isikhathi lapho bengenawo amandla anele okukhipha impande yabo, begxilwe ezimweni ezifanele.
I-Aerate ne-Fluff
Ingxenye yokwelashwa okufanele yenziwe enhlabathini ukucabangela ukuthi ngabe isesimweni esifanele yini, ngokuvamile, akufanele ibe yomile, ivimbele uthuli oluningi ekukhuphukeni noma ukubangela ukuqoqwa komhlaba owenziwe ngamakhekhe uma kusetshenzwa. Uma umanzi kakhulu, umhlaba uzobumbana futhi unqwabelane ethuluzini ophathwa ngalo. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuba i-aerate futhi i-fluff, ihlanganisa ukukhipha inhlabathi usebenzisa ifosholo ngaphandle kokuyiguqula futhi uguqule izimo zayo ze-microbiological.
Le misebenzi emibili inesibopho sokuvumela umoya-mpilo kanye nokuvuselelwa komhlaba, ukwenza lesi senzo kufanele kube nomswakama. Kunconywa ukuthi kube manzi ngokuphelele izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngale ndlela kulungiselelwe lokhu kwelashwa kwe-aeration kanye ne-fluffing; ukusebenza umhlaba kalula nangokuthambile, njengoba ungeke unikeze ukumelana, uma kwenzeka kutholakala amagabade omhlaba kusho ukuthi kufanele uswakanyiswe futhi.
Ukwelashwa kwe-aeration kanye ne-fluffing kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningana, inqubo elandelwa kakhulu ukumba umgodi ongaba ngamasentimitha angamashumi amabili kuya kwamashumi amabili nanhlanu endaweni yokulima, okokuqala umhlabathi oqeda indawo eshiwo kufanele ususwe, Bese, inhlabathi kumele ixutshwe nomquba, into ephilayo ngaphambilini engaphansi kwezinqubo zebhayoloji ezilawulwa nge-oxidation futhi zinesibopho sokunothisa umhlabathi ngemisoco namaminerali engeziwe.
Ngezinye izikhathi lolu hlobo lomkhuba lungase luhlasele kakhulu futhi luguqule izakhiwo zenhlabathi, ngakho-ke kufanele lwenziwe ngesineke esanele, lapho ifosholo kufanele linamathele ngokujula okufana nokwangaphambili, cishe amasentimitha angamashumi amabili kuya kwamashumi amabili nanhlanu, ngaphezu kwalokho; kufanele kube Umhlabathi kufanele uhlukaniswe ngezinhlangothi ezivumela ukuthi yonke into ikhishwe ngefosholo. Konke lokhu kusebenza kuzokwenziwa njalo ngamasentimitha ayishumi kuze kube nenhlabathi eyanele engadini yezithelo futhi inomumo osebenzayo futhi oyifunayo.
Wonke umhlabathi ohlukanisiwe wahlanganiswa nomquba kufanele ubekwe phezu kwengadi noma umhlabathi okhethiwe lapho kuzotshalwa khona zonke izinhlobo zemifino.
Gcoba Umhlaba
Umhlaba okhethiwe kufanele ube nezimo ezifanele okufanele ubhekwe njengensimu yezithelo, njalo uyingxenye yendawo lapho izitshalo ezincane zemifino nemifino ezidliwa umuntu ngokuqondile zizokwenziwa, ngakho izimo ezingcono kakhulu ezigcina indlela ekahle yokutshala izitshalo. samanje.
Uma umhlabathi usuxubene nomquba okhethiwe noma umanyolo, umhlabathi uyalingana, ohlanganisa ukugcwalisa zonke izingxenye zawo kuze kube yilapho unezinga elifanayo kanye nesakhiwo. Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukuthi inhlabathi yensimu yezithelo inikezwa ukubukeka okuhle nokucwengisisiwe, ukunikeza ukuthungwa okuthambile nokujabulisayo; Uma inhlabathi ifakwe umoya ngendlela efanele, awekho amagabade enhlabathi azotholakala, Uma ekhona, kufanele asuswe ngesikhathi sokulinganiswa.
Vundisa futhi ucebise inhlabathi engadini
Umquba uyinto ephilayo noma engaphili enomsoco namaminerali athathwa izitshalo, inhloso yawo ukucebisa inhlabathi lapho ifakwe khona, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-substrate, ikhuthaze ukukhula kwezitshalo nokugcina izakhiwo zemvelo zomhlabathi. Okwamanje kuvamile kakhulu ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwento emasimini ezolimo noma ezinsimini zezithelo ezisemakhaya.
Nakuba inhlabathi yayinothisiwe ngaphambili ngomquba, akukaze kube buhlungu ukunikeza imisoco eyengeziwe ezovumela ungqimba olungaphezulu lwenhlabathi ukuthi luhlangane nezakhi ezihlukahlukene njengemvula, iziphepho, ukuchelela ngokweqile, ukuchayeka elangeni, phakathi kokunye. Ukuvumela ukudala uhlelo lokuvikela oluzoyivimbela ukuthi ingangeni ku-substrate futhi igcine izimo zayo ezifanele, ngakho-ke, kuhle ukuhlinzeka ngezinto eziphilayo ezidingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe inhlabathi.
Kulesi sigaba, kunconywa ukuthi unikeze ungqimba olusha lomquba noma umanyolo ophilayo njenge-earthworm humus noma umquba, unikeze izakhiwo ezanele ukuze ingadi igcinwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zokutshala izitshalo.
Izitshalo Engadini
Lapho imithi yokwelapha inhlabathi isilungile futhi insimu yezithelo isilungisiwe ngezimo ezifanele, ukutshalwa kwezitshalo ezifunwayo kungase kuqale, kungaba imifino, imidumba, imifino, izithelo ezifunwa kakhulu umphakathi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwazo kwansuku zonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isipiliyoni esimnandi sokubabona bekhula futhi bebuka izithelo zomsebenzi wabo kuvunyelwe, ngaleyo ndlela banikeze imikhiqizo enempilo enambitheka yangempela ehlakulelwa yilowo nalowo.
Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sibe usizo futhi sikushiyela ezinye ezizokuthakasela ngempela:
Indlela Yokwenza Ingadi Yesikole