Izitshalo ziwumthombo oyinhloko wesintu, zigqanyiswa emikhakheni eyahlukene yempilo yomuntu, ikakhulukazi ngokuhlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zokudla, okugqamisa kulokhu isitshalo sePassion Fruit, ake sazi kancane ngalesi sitshalo, ngakho-ke siyakumema ukuthi qhubeka ufunda lesi sihloko.
passion fruit plant
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezaziwa kakhulu futhi ezifunwa yibo bonke abantu, noma zisetshenziswe njengomhlobiso noma ukuhlobisa izindawo zangaphandle zamasimu noma ukuhlobisa izindawo zangaphakathi zezindlu, ezinye zithandwa kakhulu ngezithelo zazo ezingavamile. , Kulokhu, kuzovezwa isitshalo esaziwayo emhlabeni wonke njengesithelo sothando noma uthando, isithelo sothando, isithelo sothando, phakathi kokunye.
Igama lalesi sitshalo esihle ngenxa yegama laso lesayensi elaziwa ngokuthi iPassiflora Edulis, isitshalo esikhuphukayo esinomsuka waso eNingizimu Melika kanye naseCentral America, ikakhulukazi endaweni yase-Amazon ePeru, eBrazil. EColombia naseVenezuela. Igama layo lingahluka kuye ngesifunda lapho ibizwa khona emazweni afana neColombia neParaguay, yaziwa ngokuthi iMaracuyá yaseGuaraní Mburukuja, eVenezuela ingase yaziwa ngesithelo sothando, iPuerto Rico yaziwa nge-parcha kanti eDominican Republic njengesithelo sothando. .
Isithelo saso siyadliwa futhi sithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu, siphuzi noma sinsomi, lesi sakamuva saziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-Maracuyá, elivela kwelesi-Tupi mara kuya elisho ukuthi "isithelo esisetshenziswayo" noma futhi simelele "ukudla kwethanga".
Ihambisana nesitshalo esingafinyelela kumamitha angu-9 ubude inqobo nje uma sigcinwa esimweni sezulu esivumayo, nakuba kungaphawulwa ukuthi isikhathi saso sokuphila asikho ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi.
Umsuka kanye Nezimpawu
Isitshalo saseMaracuyá sihambisana nesitshalo esihlala njalo, okusho ukuthi singahlala siluhlaza unyaka wonke, sidabuka ezwenikazi laseNingizimu Melika nasemazweni aseCentral America, sithandwa kakhulu kuwo wonke lawa mazwe ngenxa yezithelo ezisawolintshi nokuphuzi. izithelo, esihlwabusayo kakhulu ukwenza ezihlukahlukene enkulu gastronomy.
Igama layo lesayensi yiPassiflora edulis. Saziwa nangokuthi i-passionflower namanye amagama amasiko anjenge-passion fruit nesithelo sothando, igama laso ligxile esithelweni se-passion noma isithelo sothando, lesi sitshalo singafinyelela cishe amamitha angama-20 ubude, sihlala sikhiqiza ithuba lokuthi sibe nayo. ukusekela lokho okufanele ukukhuphuke
Isiqu sawo ngokuvamile sinokhuni futhi siqinile, lapho amanye amaqabunga amakhulu, angapheli, aluhlaza okumnyama engamila khona. Lesi sitshalo esifanayo singaletha amaqabunga amafomu angewona ama-lobed njengoba siqala ukukhula, singakwazi futhi ukuthola amaqabunga ama-trilobed, lokhu kungenxa ye-foliar heterophily phenomena, imele isitho se-vegetative esingase sibe khona.
Izimbali zingavezwa ngazinye, ezingaba amasentimitha angu-5 no-10 amasentimitha ububanzi, ukubukeka kwezimbali kufana kakhulu nemiqhele wameva, ngenxa yalesi sizathu yaziwa ngokuthi isithelo sothando, ukubunjwa kwayo kuvame ukuba yi-pentaradial nge. amacembe amahlanu namacembe amahlanu. Ukuba ngisho nabafikayo abakhulu kakhulu ukuhlakulela ngobukhona obunephunga elimnandi, elinombala omhlophe, obomvu oqinile noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Isithelo saso sifana ne-oval noma ijikijolo eliyindilinga eline-pulp edliwayo, lingafinyelela ku-4 no-10 amasentimitha ububanzi, lingaba ne-fibrous futhi libe namanzi, imbewu yalo ngokuvamile lincane, lingatholakala limbozwe igobolondo eliwugqinsi, eline-waxy. lokho akufanelekile ukusetshenziswa. Umbala wayo ungahluka kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo kanye nesifunda lapho ivela khona, eyaziwa kakhulu yileyo ephuzi, njengezinhlobo ze-P Edulis flavicarpa, ezimele ukukhanga okukhulu okubonakalayo futhi zitholakala ezimakethe eziningi zaseYurophu.
Passion Fruit Plant Care
Isitshalo saseMaracuyá sithathwa njengohlobo olwaziswa kakhulu futhi olufunwa ukutshalwa kwabantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesithelo saso kanye nesimo saso somvini, umhlobiso okhethekile wekhaya, ngoba lokhu kuyadingeka ukukhumbula izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. ukunakekelwa nokutshalwa kokulondoloza isitshalo, okuchazwe ngezansi:
Indawo
Isitshalo saseMaracuyá siwumvini ongaba nezandiso ezinkulu, singafunwa kakhulu ukuhlobisa amakhaya njengoba sitholakala ezindaweni ezingaphandle njengezingadi okufanele zibe ngaphandle, okungcono endaweni ekhanyayo kakhulu lapho ingathola khona ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Uma ufuna ukuba nesitshalo endlini, akukhuthazwa kakhulu ngoba ngokuvamile azivumelani kahle, ngesikhathi sasebusika kubhekwa njengesiteji esibanda kakhulu, kunconywa ukuba nesitshalo sibe ekamelweni elinokukhanya okwanele futhi livikelekile. umoya.
Umhlaba
I-substrate esetshenziselwa ukufeza ukuthuthukiswa okuhle kwesitshalo, ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi inhlabathi esetshenzisiwe iyona evumelana kakhulu nezitshalo ezifuna ukulinywa. Ukuze kutshalwe isitshalo se-passion fruit, i-substrate esetshenzisiwe kufanele isetshenziswe ngendlela efanele kuye ngokuthi ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa kanjani:
- Ingadi: zivame ukumila enhlabathini ecebile enothile ngezinto eziphilayo futhi enamanzi amahle kakhulu.
- Ibhodwe: I-substrate yesiko isetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke, efunwa kakhulu ukuze ilinywe, futhi kufanele ihlanganiswe no-20% we-perlite, i-pumice noma okufanayo okuvumela ukugeleza kwamanzi.
Ukunisela
Kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo, okungagqanyiswa phakathi kwazo amanzi, okuyisici esibalulekile ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, kanye nokuba yisici okufanele sigqanyiswe ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-photosynthesis lapho umoya-mpilo wenziwa lula. ukuphila emhlabeni.
Lapho ukhula isitshalo se-passion fruit, kuyadingeka ukunisela njalo lapho sizoshintsha khona njalo unyaka wonke, kucatshangelwa isithelo esifunwa kakhulu abaningi futhi esaziwa ngokuthi isithelo se-passion, esivela endaweni eshisayo nasemvula. nehlathi elifudumele.
Ukukhula kwawo kusezinyanga ezimbalwa lapho izinga lokushisa lithambile cishe phakathi kuka-15 no-30 degrees Celsius; Ngaphezu kwalokho, isigqi sawo sigxile phakathi futhi sinciphisa ijubane ngalezi zikhathi zesimo sezulu esipholile, siphinde sivumele ukuthi silondoloze umswakama lapho sithanda iqiniso lokuthi umhlaba uthatha isikhathi eside ukoma. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kube nokunakekelwa okuphumelelayo, kuzoxhomeka esimweni sezulu lapho itshalwe khona nalapho indawo yokunisela ibulawa kakhulu noma ngaphansi.
Uma uhlala endaweni ethile lapho ihlobo lingaba namandla kakhulu, lapho libonakala ngokushisa kakhulu futhi imvula incane kakhulu, ngesikhathi sasebusika izinga lokushisa liba mbi kakhulu, lapho ungakwazi ukunisela cishe izikhathi ezi-4 ngesonto inkathi eshisayo kanye nesilinganiso sokuphindwe kabili kuwo wonke amasonto.
Ukuze ugweme zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga, kunconywa ukuthi ukwazi ukuhlola umswakama wenhlabathi ngaphambi kokunisela njalo, imitha yomswakama wedijithali ingasetshenziswa, idivayisi ezobe iphethe ukukhombisa iphesenti lokuswakama kwenhlabathi elinganisiwe noma futhi ngokhuni oluncane oluthi uma lususwa phansi futhi uma lunamathele emhlabathini kungenxa yokuba khona komswakama emhlabathini.
Umbhalisile
Umanyolo uhambisana nengxube yezinto ezitholakala ekonakalisweni nasekugayweni kwamaminerali emfucumfucu yezinto eziphilayo, ezimweni eziningi zivela ezilwaneni, ezinsalela zezitshalo kanye nakwezinye izinkuni zokubasa. Izimpawu ezisemqoka umanyolo abanazo wukukhuphula izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi, uthande ukwakheka nokukhula kwezimpande futhi unothise umhlabathi ngenxa yazo zonke ezihlukene okungenzeka ukuthi zilahlekile ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezihlukene, okungenzeka ukuthi zithintekile. izimo zemvelo zomhlabathi. .
Ngokujwayelekile umanyolo wenziwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo, lapho kuvame ukungezwa khona umanyolo ophilayo (owenziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ezibolile) lapho izithelo zazo zingaba ezifanele ukusetshenziswa. Uma kunesitshalo sezithelo zothando ebhodweni, umanyolo ungenziwa kusetshenziswa umanyolo ohlukile we-liquid, lapho kunconywa ukuthi ulandele imiyalo eshiwo esitsheni.
Ukuphindaphinda
Ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo kuyindlela eyinhloko esetshenziswa izitshalo ukuze zithande ukuphindaphindeka kwazo, lapho zingenziwa khona ngokuzalana ngokocansi (lapho kuhileleke umuntu oyedwa noma ababili bobulili obuhlukene) noma ngaphandle kobulili (ukuba khona komuntu oyedwa onazo zombili izitho zokuzala. ), lesi sici siyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezitshalo.
Kulokhu, isitshalo sezithelo zothando singaphindaphindwa ngembewu (ukukhiqizwa ngokocansi) kanye nokusikwa (ukukhiqizwa kwe-asexual), okungcono kakhulu entwasahlobo. Inqubo okumele ilandelwe imi kanje:
Imbewu
Ukukhiqizwa ngembewu kuhambisana nokuhlwanyelwa kwembewu yesithelo sesitshalo, kubuye kubhekwe njengendlela yokukhiqiza ucansi lapho ezinye izici ezifana nempova zingenelela, lapho izinyosi zinesibopho sokuthutha izinhlamvu noma amangqamuzana abesilisa nabesifazane abathandayo. ukukhiqizwa kwabo. Inqubo okufanele ilandelwe ekukhiqizeni kwayo imi kanje:
- Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa ibhodwe nge-substrate esetshenziselwa ukulima kwendawo yonke bese kufanele iniselwe.
- Khona-ke, imbewu kumele yengezwe phezulu, kuyadingeka ukuthi imbewu ihlukaniswe komunye nomunye.
- Ngemva kwalokho, imbewu kufanele imbozwe ngongqimba oluncane lwe-substrate noma inhlabathi ezosetshenziselwa isivuno.
- Kuyadingeka ukuchelela futhi.
- Okokugcina, ibhodwe kufanele libekwe ngaphandle, okungcono endaweni enomthunzi omncane.
Ngale ndlela, ukuhluma kwembewu kuzofinyelelwa esikhathini esingamaviki ama-2 ukuya kwa-3 ngezinga lokushisa elicishe libe ngu-18 kuya ku-22ºC.
Izithelo
Ukusikwa kufanekisela uhlobo lwe-asexual izitshalo ezinalo ukuze zikhiqize kabusha, le nqubo igqama kumahlumela noma izingcezu ezahlukahlukene ezithathwe esitshalweni, ezisikwa ucezu futhi kufanele zingeniswe emhlabeni ukuze kuzuzwe ukwakheka kwezimpande. ; zingaba amahlumela, amagatsha amathenda, amagatsha ane-lignified noma ama-semi-ligified.
Ngesitshalo sezithelo zothando, kuyadingeka ukuthi isithelo sothando singaphindaphindeka ngokusikwa lapho isiqu esingaba amasentimitha angama-30 singasikwa, khona-ke isisekelo saso kufanele sifakwe, singaba nesinamoni, esithathwa njengendawo eyenziwe ekhaya. i-ejenti ye-rooting, khona-ke kufanele itshalwe ebhodweni eliqukethe i-vermiculite futhi kunconywa ukuthi imanzise ngaphambili ngamanzi. Ngale ndlela kufanele ikhule ngemva kwamasonto amathathu noma amane.
Izinambuzane
Izitshalo zichayeka ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zezulu, ezizuzisa kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhuleni kwazo, kodwa futhi zichayeka ezimweni ezinjengamagciwane kanye nesikhunta esingaba nomthelela ezitshalweni ezihlukahlukene, ngisho nezigulisa; Endabeni yesitshalo se-passion fruit, singavezwa izinambuzane ezilandelayo okufanele zigqanyiswe:
- Izibungu: izicabucabu ezibomvu zomndeni wama-arachnid. Ngokuvamile zidla wonke ama-saps aphuma emaqabunga. Ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zivame ukweluka amawebu noma imicu phakathi kwazo ukuze zihambe.
- Ama-Mealybugs: aziwa kakhulu ngokuba yi-cottony, angaba nesimo se-limpet. Ahlala enamathele emaqabunga nasezithelweni ezithambile zesitshalo ukuze aziphakele.
- Ama-aphid: ngokuvamile ansundu, aphuzi, aluhlaza noma abomvu; Bangakwazi ukukala cishe amasentimitha angu-0,5. Ngokuvamile zidla wonke ubisi oluvela emaqabunga nezimbali.
Lezi zinambuzane zingalwiwa nesibulala-zinambuzane semvelo, njengensipho ye-potassium, i-neem oil noma i-diatomaceous earth.
Izihlahla
Ukuthena kuhambisana neqoqo lamasu noma izinqubo ezilandelwayo ukuze ukwazi ukunquma noma ukunciphisa izihlahla noma izihlahlana, okuvumela ukunakekelwa okufanele kwesitshalo, ngale ndlela ukukwazi ukuba nesivuno sesithelo nakho kungavuna ukukhula. ukususa izindawo ezilimele neziwohlokayo ezingase zilimaze ukukhula kwesitshalo.
Esiphithiphithini sesitshalo se-passion fruit ngemva kwesikhathi saso sokuqhakaza, ukusikeka kufanele kwenziwe kusuka ku-2 noma kufika ku-3 ama-buds kusukela eziqwini esezivele ziyimbali. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iwumvini futhi ukuqeqeshwa kwayo okuhle kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe kahle izithelo.
Isikhathi sokutshala noma sokutshala kabusha
Ukufakelwa kabusha kwesitshalo kufanele kwenziwe ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka ezivumela ukukhula nokwakheka kwaso okuhle, ngoba isitshalo se-Passion Fruit kuyalulekwa ukuthi sikwenze ngenkathi yasentwasahlobo, okungcono ukugwema ubungozi besithwathwa ezikhathini zasebusika sezidlulile. . Uma isebhodweni, kufanele ithuthelwe kwenkulu njalo eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu.
Isibindi
I-rusticity yezitshalo ihlobene nekhono lezitshalo ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zemvelo, esimweni sesitshalo sesithelo se-passion sinakho ukumelana nokumelana nesithwathwa futhi ngokuvamile sigwema amakhaza. Izinga lokushisa elincane ekwazi ukumelana nalo ngu-0 degrees Celsius kuphela.
Amasimu
Isitshalo saseMaracuyá simele isitshalo esithuthuke kakhulu nesifunwa kakhulu izitshalo nezitshalo, ngenxa yesithelo saso, esidingeka kakhulu ukuze sisetshenziswe, sihlukaniswa ngombala waso kanye namagama alandelayo:
- Muico: izithelo ezinsomi
- I-Mirim: izithelo eziphuzi
- I-Guazu: izithelo eziphuzi
- Yee: izithelo eziphuzi
- I-Parcha: izithelo eziphuzi
Izicelo kanye nokusetshenziswa
Ukuduma okuphezulu kwesitshalo sezithelo zothando kugqame kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-Latin America, usazise ngezansi ukuthi iziphi izinhlelo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu:
Umhlobiso
Ihambisana nesitshalo esingasetshenziswa njengengxenye yokuhlobisa, lapho izithelo zayo zothando zingasetshenziswa kabanzi njengengxenye yokuhlobisa, ilungele ukwakhiwa kwama-pavilions afanele, izakhiwo ezinamafasitela nezindonga ezifana ne-latticework, izindonga zensimu kanye namasimu, ukunikeza ubuhle kanye nokubukisa ngendlela efudumele.
Kuyadliwa
Isitshalo sezithelo zothando sigqama ngesithelo saso esisawolintshi, lapho i-pulp yaso inikeza ukunambitheka okufunwa kakhulu, okugqamisa iqiniso lokuthi izithelo ziyadliwa; Zingasetshenziswa kuma-confectioneries nasezitolo zamakhekhe. Ikakhulukazi ingasetshenziselwa amajusi, ama-syrups nama-cocktails. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingadliwa ngokuqondile futhi isha. Inokuqukethwe okunomsoco okuphezulu lapho amagremu ayi-100 angamela okulandelayo:
- Ama-carbohydrate: 23,38 amagremu
- Ushukela: 11,20 amagremu
- Fibre: 10,4 amagremu
- Amafutha: 0,70 amagremu
- Amaprotheni: 2,20 amagremu
- Amanzi: 72,93 amagremu
- Ivithamini A: 64 micrograms
- I-Vitamin B1: 0 milligrams
- I-Vitamin B2: 0,130 milligrams
- I-Vitamin B3: 1,500 milligrams
- I-Vitamin B6: 0,100 milligrams
- Vitamin C; 30 milligrams
- I-Vitamin E: 0,02 milligrams
- I-Vitamin K: 0.7 micrograms
- I-calcium: 12 milligrams
- Insimbi: 1,60 milligrams
- Magnesium: 29 milligrams
- Phosphorus: 68 milligrams
- Potassium: 348 milligrams
- I-Sodium: ama-milligram ayi-28
- I-Zinc: 0,10 milligrams
Ukwelapha
Izitshalo zimelela omunye wemithombo yokwelapha eyinhloko umuntu anayo futhi emele intuthuko enkulu yesayensi, eqokomisa kulokhu isitshalo sezithelo zothando esinikeza izinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- Ingaqeda ubuhlungu bemisipha nekhanda.
- Kunganciphisa nokukhwehlela. Ukusiza futhi ezimweni zesifuba somoya nezinye izinkinga zokuphefumula.
- Inesibopho sokuqinisa amasosha omzimba, ngoba inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamavithamini, ikakhulukazi A no-C.
- Ingakwazi ukulawula ukugaya, ngenxa yalokhu emazweni amaningi ingafakwa ekudleni ukugwema izinkinga zokuqunjelwa.
- I-diuretic, esiza ekuqedeni ukuqoqwa kwe-sodium chloride ohlelweni, kube lula ukulahlekelwa isisindo.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile:
Izinhlobo Zokhunta Ezitshalweni