Isakhiwo senhlalo yesiko lamaNahuatl eSigodini saseMexico, sakhiwa: Calpullis, Nobles, Priests nabanye. Lokhu kwakheka komphakathi wabo kanye nosuku lwabo kuwucezu olubalulekile lokuqonda lesi siko; Kungakho sikumema ukuthi wazi ukuthi kanjani Inhlangano Yezenhlalakahle ye IsiNahuatl ngalesi sihloko.
Inhlangano Yezenhlalakahle YeNahuatl
Ukuze wazi ukuthi isimo senhlalo yamaNahuatl sasinjani, kuyadingeka ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalesi sizwe. AmaNahua ayeyiqembu labantu bomdabu elinabantu abaningi ababebusa ingxenye yendawo ebizwa ngokuthi iSigodi SaseMexico, kulesi sigodi esibanzi imiphakathi yendabuko ehlukahlukene yayibuthene, njengalezi: ama-Otomi ayehlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule kakhulu, emapulazini ahlakazekile; Bakha izindlu zabo ngamahlamvu e-agave, futhi bazisekela ngemisebenzi yokuvuna nokuzingela, ngaphezu kwalokho abazange bathuthukise ezolimo ngenxa yenhlabathi engakhiqizi yendawo yabo yokuhlala.
Laba babevame ukuhamba ezimakethe zamadolobha aseNahua aseduze, futhi babevame ukukhombisa izingubo nemidwebo; Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amaNahua ayehweba nawo, ayebabukela phansi, okungukuthi, abantu basezintabeni zasendle. Kwakukhona futhi amaMazahua, lawa ayenendlela yokuphila efana kakhulu neyama-Otomi namaMatlazinca, kubonakala sengathi ayengene shí empilweni yasemadolobheni emadolobheni athile endaweni yaseTepaneca.
Ekugcineni, sithola amaNahua ngokuvamile ayehlala osebeni lwemifula, ezindaweni zokuhlala zasemadolobheni nasemhlabeni onamathuba angcono okulima, lapho afaka khona izinhlelo zokunisela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu; Ngokufanayo, ngokwezifundo ze-anthropological kanye nemivubukulo, kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi laba kwakungokhokho baseMexicas noma ama-Aztec.
Zonke lezi zizwe ezihlala eSigodini saseMexico zazinokuthile ezifana ngazo, ulimi lwazo; Bonke babelusebenzisa ngendlela efanayo ulimi lwesiNahuatl, ngaphezu kwezinkolelo zabo lapho aba nombono wokuthi bonke babefike emazweni aseMexico ngokwegunya laphezulu.
Okokuqala, amaNahuatl ayemelwe futhi eholwa ngumuntu wokuqala owabizwa ngegama likaTlatoani, lona nguye owayebusa futhi ephethe zonke izici ezihlobene nomphakathi wamaNahuatl, edlula e-Altepetl, okwakuyindawo yakhe yendawo.
Njengoba nje, eSigodini saseMexico nakwamanye amaqembu abomdabu ahlala esifundeni saseMesoamerican, ilungelo lemiphakathi yabalimi ukuthi libe nezindawo zabo lahlonishwa. I-Tlatoani ayizange iphikise leli lungelo, kunalokho yafuna izintela ezithile emiphakathini eyayithathwa njengenkokhelo enkosini ngokuyivikela kanye nokuphatha kwayo ngobubele ezindabeni zezenkolo, ezohwebo nezokwahlulela zombuso.
Abantu abakha le miphakathi babevame ukuphila ngobuhlakani obanele, lokhu akuzange kudale umehluko omkhulu mayelana nengcebo emiphakathini. Wonke amaqembu emindeni awenza umsebenzi wawo emhlabeni ohambisana nawo ukuze aziphilise; futhi emhlabeni wonke njengomphakathi ngokusebenzisana ngokuhlanganyela imihlaba yomphakathi, bakhiqize okwakudingeka ukuze kukhokhwe izintela zombuso, kanye nokufaka isandla esikhwameni somphakathi.
Lezi zinsiza zazivumela ukuxhasa ngezimali izindleko ezihlobene nemigubho kanjalo nezinkolo nemikhuba eyenziwa umphakathi; Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalokhu banikeza usizo kubantu abangenamakhaya noma ngezinsiza ezimbalwa kakhulu ukuze baphile njengalezi: abafelokazi, izintandane, phakathi kwabanye.
Ezindaweni ezihlala amaNahuas eSigodini saseMexico, kwakunamaqembu enza imisebenzi enjengokudoba, ukuzingela nokuvuna izithelo, kwenziwa umehluko phakathi kwabo, njengoba eminye imisebenzi, ngenxa yobulukhuni bayo, kwadingeka ibe neyakho ngokugcwele. futhi ehlukile; Ngale ndlela, kwakunamaqembu ahlukahlukene akhethekile kwezokudoba, ukuzingela izinyoni, ukuvunwa kwezimila zasolwandle, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Le miphakathi okungeyona eyezolimo yaya ezimakethe ukuze ihwebe noma ihwebe ngemikhiqizo yezolimo ukuze yengezelele ukuphila kwayo. Nokho, akucaci kahle ukuthi bayikhokha kanjani intela embusweni wamaNahuatl nokuthi amalungelo ezindawo zabo zokusebenzela ayenikezwa kanjani.
Okunye okwagqama ngalo mphakathi ukuthi kwakukhona abantu ababezinikele emisebenzini yezandla; isibonelo, kwakukhona izindawo ezinamaqembu akhethekile ekwenzeni ojosaka be-slab, kwakukhona abenzi bakabhasikidi, ababumbi, phakathi kwabanye. Indawo eyayinethonya elikhulu kwakungeye-themantecah, abantu abathile bafaka izicelo zokusebenza ngezimpaphe zamapulangwe, amajazi kanye nama-tapestries. Leli qembu livamise ukuletha ingxenye yomkhiqizo walo kumadiphozithi endlu yenkosi, ngale ndlela likwazile ukuhlinzekwa ngokugcwele ngemikhiqizo eliyidingayo ukuze liphile.
Bonke abantu abenze noma yimuphi umsebenzi noma umsebenzi oshiwo ngenhla, babehlelwe ngokwenhlalo ngesiko lesiNahuatl ngale ndlela elandelayo:
I-Calpullis
Laba bantu babengamalungu ahlanganisa imiphakathi eyayizinikele ekwenzeni uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi othize, kungaba wumsebenzi womhlaba, ukuzingela, imisebenzi yezandla, phakathi kokunye. Laba futhi babenonkulunkulu oyisivikelo, ababemkhulekela futhi bemdumisa ngokuphathelene nomsebenzi ababewenza, laba babegubha imikhuba yenkolo ngokonkulunkulu babo. Ngokunjalo, ingcebo ekhiqizwa yilaba kwakufanele ithumele ingxenye njengenkokhelo yentela yombuso nezikhulu, ukuze ithole ukuvikelwa kanye nezinye izinzuzo.
Izicukuthwane
Ophinde ahlonzwe ngokuthi nguPilli, laba babeyingxenye yeqembu eliseduze lenkosi; futhi bazinikele emisebenzini yokuphatha yombuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babonakala beqashelwa kakhulu futhi behlukaniswa phakathi komphakathi wamaNahuatl, futhi ukuze babonakale nakakhulu babevame ukugqoka izingubo zikakotini, ngezinye izikhathi amajazi amade, amacici namalengalenga, nemigexo enamatshe ayigugu nezinsimbi; futhi, babenelungelo lokuthembela osizweni lwabantu abambalwa enkonzweni yabo, futhi emakhaya abo ukunethezeka kwakukhanya yonke indawo.
Laba babengayikhokhi intela, kodwa babejabulela intela ekhokhelwa umsebenzi wemiphakathi; ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi lapho kufanele bavele enkantolo, babethola impatho ehlukile futhi ngokuvamile babequliswa ohlotsheni lwenkantolo ekhethekile.
Abaphristi
Laba babebhekwa njengengxenye yezikhulu, nokho, babengenayo inzuzo yokungayikhokhi intela, okwenziwa abakwaPillis; ngakho-ke, lezi eceleni kwadingeka baziveze ukuze basule imisebenzi eshiwo embusweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze bahlukanise nezicukuthwane, kwakudingeka: bangagqoki izingubo zohlobo lukakotini, noma amajazi. Yingakho basebenzisa olunye uhlobo lwefayibha ezimpahleni zabo, abakwazanga ukusebenzisa izesekeli emizimbeni yabo futhi abakwazanga ukubamba iqhaza ezinqumweni zokuphatha zombuso.
Nalaba, babekhonza onkulunkulu futhi ngenxa yalokho bahola izenzo nemikhuba yenkolo, njengophawu lokukholwa konkulunkulu. Ngokuvamile uhlobo lweminikelo enikezwa onkulunkulu lwaluhlanganisa: ukuzidela noma ukuzithiba ocansini; laba babebhekwa njengabahlakaniphe kakhulu emphakathini.
ikhishwe inyumbazane
Babebhekwa njengezigelekeqe emphakathini, babengabandakanywa futhi babevame ukuzulazula ebusuku emadolobheni ahlukene alesi siko.
Amaqiniso amnandi
Okulandelayo, kushiwo imininingwane enedatha ebalulekile mayelana nokuxhumana kwayo nesihloko senhlangano yezenhlalo yesiNahuatl, yilezi:
- Imiphakathi yamaNahuatl yayinezisebenzi zomphakathi njengenani elingenamibandela. I-tequio kwakuwumsebenzi womphakathi umuntu ngamunye ayewenza ngesihe sabanye, ngaphandle kokuthola icala. Abantu abangazange banikele kule tequio bajeziswe kanzima yiziphathimandla.
- Ngemva kokufika kweSpanishi i-oAmasiko namasiko esiNahuatl ashintshwa kakhulu.
- Njengamanje, inzalo yamaNahuatl ilondoloza amasiko ayo njengemiphakathi ezimele, futhi izama ukulondoloza ifa elibalulekile lamasiko nobungcweti bokhokho bayo.
Uma uthole lesi sihloko esivela kuSocial Organization of the IsiNahuatl, sikumema ukuthi ujabulele lezi ezinye:
- Inhlangano Yezombangazwe yamaInca
- Inhlangano Yezenhlalakahle yeMixtecos
- Inhlangano Yezenhlalakahle YamaZapotec