Ubuyoba yini umhlaba ngaphandle izinkuni? Cishe yonke into eyenziwe nguMuntu, kusukela emlilweni ovikelayo wama-cavemen kuya kumapulangwe amahle aphansi, kusikhumbuza ukuncika kwethu kwasendulo kule nto yemvelo. Kungakho kulo msebenzi sizocubungula ngale kwezikhathi zakhe, sazi konke ngaye.
Umqondo kanye nencazelo ngokhuni
Impela wake wazibuza yini izinkuni. Ngendlela yokuthi sizoqala le post sizama ukucacisa lokho kungabaza. Ukunemba kakhulu, singachaza izinkuni njengomthombo okhishwa okhunini lwezihlahla. Insiza esetshenziswa ezintweni zokwakha ezingenakubalwa, kanye nokuba yindala yazo zonke izinto zokubasa.
Nakuba singachaza ukhuni njengento eyakhiwe isethi eyinkimbinkimbi yezicubu ezibuye zakha inqwaba yeziqu zesihlahla, zinganaki amagxolo azo.
Ukuze ube nombono ocacile wokubaluleka kwayo komlando, incazelo evame ukunikelwa kuyo njengento elula kakhulu, edonsa kakhulu futhi ekwazi ukumelana nokwakhiwa, esetshenziswa umuntu kusukela kudala, iwusizo.
umlando wezinkuni
Njengoba besilindele esingenisweni sethu, umlando wesintu uxhumene kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kwezinkuni.
Kuvela ukuthi izinkuni kwakuyinto yokuqala yokwakha eyayitholakala kumuntu. Ngaphandle nje kokuthi isetshenziswa njengophethiloli nesikhali sokuzingela, yayiwusizo olukhulu ekufuneni kokhokho bethu ukuthola indawo yokukhosela.
Ngakho-ke iqhugwane elinezisekelo zokhuni nophahla lwamagatsha lalinikeza indawo yokukhosela ngokumelene nesimo sezulu. Kodwa lokho kwakumane kuyisiqalo, emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva yayizosetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamabhuloho nemikhumbi.
Ubuhlobo bethu nezinkuni budala kakhulu kangangokuthi ubuciko be-lamination obuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kokuhlobisa kwalesi sici baziwa abaseGibhithe ngonyaka we-3000 BC. kwe C
Lokhu kuvele ngenxa yokungabikho endaweni yezinkuni ezinezimfanelo zokwakha, okwabashukumisela ukuba bakhe amasu e-veneer kanye ne-inlay.
Ubuciko obuphelelisiwe
Kusukela kulezo ziqalo ezikude kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-XNUMX, lobu buciko baseGibhithe bokunamathisela balondoloza isimo sawo sobuciko. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi kwakudinga ulwazi oluphakeme lwezinzuzo zokhuni, kanye nomsebenzi wokucophelela wokusika nokunamathisela.
Ngakho, ekhulwini le-XNUMX, kwavela izindlela zanamuhla zokusika amapuleti. Kamuva, ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elizayo, lokhu kuhweba kuzothatha okunye okubalulekile ngokufika kwama-snags amasha. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho siyazi ishidi le-plywood, elinezici ezisele kuze kube yilolu suku.
Leli shidi liyi-ductile kangangokuthi lingakwazi ukugoba kalula, lamukele cishe noma yikuphi ukuma, okufaka inani lekhono lokwakha.
Ekugcineni, kuleli phuzu singanezela ukuthi izinkuni, ezihlangene noma ezenziwe nge-laminated, zasetshenziswa ekwenzeni kokubili izimoto nezindiza. Kanye nasembonini yezikebhe.
Izilondolozi kanye nezinamathiselo ezintsha, izingane zokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX nalezi ezilandelayo sezizonke, ziye zakhulisa amandla. izicelo zokhuni, ukuyiguqula ibe yizici ezihlala isikhathi eside, eziqinile nezingama-ductile, esingazibona manje zenza ingxenye cishe yayo yonke into esendaweni yethu. Kodwa, naphezu kwakho konke ukusetshenziswa kwayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ube nokuningi Ukuqwashisa kwemvelo ukuze ungaqedi ngokuphelele lokhu kunikezwa kwemvelo.
Isakhiwo noma ukwakheka kokhuni
Ukuze uthuthuke kulesi sihloko, kuyadingeka ukukhuluma nge- isakhiwo sokhuni. Indaba ebalulekile yokuqonda lesi sici esidingekayo.
Into yokuqala okufanele uyiqaphele ukuthi ukhuni lwakhiwe ngamaseli ahlangana ndawonye futhi ahlangane. Amangqamuzana abukeka njenge-tubular futhi anobude obuhlukene.
Ngale ndlela, lapho kwenziwa isigaba esiphambanayo izingxenye ezilandelayo zingabonwa:
I-Medulla kanye nemisebe ye-medullary
Imele indawo emaphakathi, okuyiyona futhi endala kakhulu.
Le ngxenye yokhuni yenziwa ngemiphumela yokomisa nokubuyisela kabusha. Ithatha ukuma kwesilinda eksisi yesitshalo. Yakhiwe ngamaseli ayindilinga abonisa ama-pores asobala kuma-engeli awo ebhondi.
Inhliziyo
Yigama lezitshalo elibhekisela endaweni yesiqu ehlanganisa ingxenye yezicubu zokhuni, okuyingxenye enzima kakhulu yokhuni.
Itholakala engxenyeni emaphakathi yesiqu namagatsha, akhiwe amangqamuzana afile, njengongqimba olungaphandle oluyizungezile.
Ngokunembayo indawo efika ngokushesha phakathi kwesihlahla, esenziwe ngokhuni oluqinile. Igezwa ngezinye zezingxube zesitshalo, njenge-tannin, ezinikeza umbala wayo ophinki ongavamile.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wale ngxenye yokhuni ukunikeza isitshalo isakhiwo esiqinile ukuze sikwazi ukusekela isisindo sesiqu kanye namahlamvu aso.
Futhi imvelaphi yekhono lokhuni lokusebenza njengento yesakhiwo ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, into evame ukuqhathaniswa naleso sici esifanayo sensimbi.
I-Sapwood
Leli gama libhekisela engxenyeni entsha yokhuni. Ngalo mqondo, itholakala emasongweni okugcina esitshalo, into ekhiqizwa isenzo se-vascular cambium esiqwini somuthi.
Yindawo yesiqu sesitshalo etholakala ngaphansi kwekhoba, lapho kubalwa khona izindandatho ezintsha zokukhula.
Ihlukile ku-heartwood ngoba ilula ngombala futhi ithambile ngokuma. Iphinde ingene futhi inomswakama kunomakhelwane wayo.
Isebenzisana ekusekeleni isakhiwo, kanye nokugeleza kwe-sap kanye nokuqoqwa kwezinto ezigciniwe.
ikhambi
Lena ingubo ekhiqizayo, etholakala ngaphansi kwegobolondo elenziwe ngezimbotshana ezinamaphaneli amancane kakhulu, akwazi ukushintsha ukwakheka ngenxa yokuphindaphindeka kwamaseli okulandelanayo. Lokhu kwakha ubuso bangaphakathi bokhuni olusha, olubuye lube ungqimba lwangaphandle lwe-phloem.
Izingxenye zalolu godo olusha zenziwe ngokhuni lwasentwasahlobo, olunombala okhanyayo. Kodwa futhi kubonisa ukuthungwa okuthambile, ngenxa yomsebenzi omkhulu wemifino enkathini yasentwasahlobo kanye nengxenye yehlobo.
ICortex
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-rhytidome. Kuwungqimba oluvala ngaphandle iziqu nezimpande zezihlahla ezinokhuni.
Ngokulandelayo, yakhiwe ngezingqimba ezintathu ezingaphansi: i-phloem, i-phloem kanye ne-vascular cambium.
Naphezu kokuba ungqimba olungaphandle nje, lungamelela kufika ku-15% wesisindo esiphelele sesitshalo.
Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuhlukaniswa nokuvikelwa kwezicubu zezitshalo ezivela ezingxenyeni zomkhathi.
Izakhiwo zomzimba kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinkuni
Lesi esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele zicatshangelwe, uma sifuna ukuqonda ukuthi izinkuni zingasetshenziswa kanjani ngendlela engcono kakhulu emsebenzini wokwakha noma ekukhiqizeni imisebenzi yezandla.
Akufanele futhi siphambanise lezi zimfanelo zomzimba nezesakhiwo nalezo zokwelapha, zokudla, ezokuhlobisa noma ezinye imvelaphi eminingi. Ukunemba kakhudlwana, ezimweni esizokhuluma ngazo ngezansi, sizokhuluma ngezakhiwo ezikhathazayo, ikakhulukazi, imboni yezokwakha.
Mayelana nalokhu kuyadingeka ukuthi wazi ukuthi izakhiwo zokhuni zizohlala ziwumsebenzi wenqubekelaphambili yayo, isikhathi eside nokuqukethwe komswakama, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi lapho kutholakala khona kanye nezingxenye ezahlukene zelogi.
Kodwa ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibonakalayo zokhuni.
i-anisotropy
Qaphela ukuthi izici ezibonakalayo zokhuni azifani ngaso sonke isikhathi kuzo zonke izindlela ezinqamula i-vertex enikeziwe. Ngale ndlela yokuthi singachaza izinkomba ezintathu ezibalulekile lapho lezi zakhiwo zingachazwa futhi zikalwe, okungukuthi:
- I-Axial: Kwenzeka ngokuhambisana nendlela yokukhula kwesitshalo, eyaziwa nangokuthi isiqondiso se-fiber.
- Imisebe: Lokhu kuhamba nge-perpendicular ku-axial, kusika i-axis ye-trunk.
- I-Tangential: Ingenzeka ngendlela yalezi ezimbili ezedlule.
Umswakama
Njengoba izinkuni zinezimo ze-hygroscopic, zingamunca noma zikhiphe umswakama, kuye ngezimo zemvelo.
Amanzi akhishwayo ahamba aphele ngesikhathi esithile. Kodwa kunengxenye esele - kanye namanzi omthethosisekelo. Lona amanzi agcwele, ahambisana nomswakama wemvelo ozungeza izinkuni, kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa ibhalansi.
Mayelana nokuthi yini ongayisho ukuthi izinkuni zomisiwe emoyeni ovulekile.
Kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi umswakama walesi sakhi semvelo ungahluka ngamapharamitha abanzi kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukhuni olusanda kusikwa lunomswakama ongaba phakathi kuka-50 no-60%.
Lokhu kubalulekile, uma kubhekwa ukuthi ukuhlukahluka komswakama kuvumela izinkuni ukuba zande noma zifinyeze, ngaleyo ndlela ziguqule umthamo nobukhulu bawo.
i-strain range
Umthamo wezinkuni ngokuvamile uyashintsha njengoba amazinga awo omswakama ehluka, okukhiqiza, njengoba sesishilo kakade, ukuphelelwa yisikhathi nokufinyela, okusho izinga lokukhubazeka.
Masikhumbule ukuthi izinkuni ziyinto edonsayo, okusho ukuthi ukuhlukahluka komswakama ohlangothini lwezintambo cishe kungabonakali. Nakuba lokhu kushintsha ngomqondo ophambene.
Imfihlo yalezi zinguquko ezilinganisweni itholakala ekhonweni lokuthatha amanzi ezindongeni zesakhiwo sokhuni, lapho uketshezi luqoqa khona phakathi kwamaseli, ngomphumela wokuwahlukanisa noma ukuwaheha.
Lapho indawo yokugcwala yalolu chungechunge lwezinzwa ihambisana nomswakama, ngesikhathi izindonga zale mizwa eqinile sezimunce wonke amanzi ezingawamunca. Leli phuzu lokunwetshwa kwamaseli okukhulu kakhulu, ngakho izinkuni zithola umthamo omkhulu, olingana nomswakama ongu-30%.
Kodwa ngokumangalisayo, izinkuni ziyakwazi ukuqhubeka nokwandisa izinga lamanzi agcinwe, nakuba lokhu akubonakali ekukhuleni kwevolumu yayo, ngoba uketshezi kulokhu luthatha indawo ye-capillary kanye ne-tracheids yesistimu ye-woody. Yilokhu okwaziwa ngokuthi amanzi amahhala.
Ukwengeza, ukuguqulwa okwenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko kumswakama wokhuni kuzolawulwa isikhundla leso sigaba okukhulunywa ngaso esikuso ohlelweni. Ngale ndlela yokuthi ukuguga okuhlukile kungabonwa, kokubili i-radial kanye ne-tangential.
Ubukhulu
Mayelana nale mpahla yokhuni, singasho ukuthi lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi Ukuminyana kwangempela, kuyafana kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane. Ngendlela yokuthi igama elivamile le-1,56 lingachazwa.
Ngenkathi i ukuminyana okusobala iyashintsha ngokwezinhlobo zezilwane, nakuba lokhu kungase kwenzeke ohlotsheni olufanayo. Lesi simo sinqunywa izinga lokuswakama kanye nendawo ekuso esitshalweni.
Manje ake sibone ukuthi lezo zinhlobonhlobo ziyini ngokusho kwezinhlobo:
- I-Wild Pine: phakathi kuka-0.32 no-0.76Kg/dm3
- Iphayini Emnyama: 0.38 – 0.74Kg/dm3
- Izinkuni zikaphayini Wetiye: 0.83 – 0.85Kg/dm3
- I-Fir: 0.32 - 0.6Kg/dm3
- I-Larch: 0.44 – 0.80Kg/dm3
- I-Oki: 0.71 – 1.07Kg/dm3
- I-Oki: 0.95 – 1.20Kg/dm3
- I-Beech: 0.60 - 0.90Kg/dm3
- I-Elm: 0.56 – 0.82 Kg/dm3
- I-Walnut: 0.60 – 0.81 Kg/dm3
Ukuvala leli phuzu, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi zonke izinkuni zihlukaniswa ngokwazo ukuminyana okusobala, Ngokulandelayo:
- izinkuni ezinzima
- Khanyisa
- ukukhanya kakhulu
Izici ezishisayo zokhuni
Njengazo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo, izinkuni ziyakhula ekushiseni futhi zibambisene lapho kubanda. Kodwa-ke, into enjalo ngokuvamile ayibonwa ngeso lenyama, njengoba ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa kuhambisana nokunciphisa umswakama.
Bese kuthi ngokuncishiswa komswakama omunye ungabonakali.
Kodwa ukunyakaza kwe-perpendicular direction of the woody nerves nako kuyakhuphuka. Khona-ke ukushintshana kokushisa kuzohlotshaniswa nomswakama, isisindo esithile kanye nezinhlobo zesitshalo.
Kodwa-ke, ukudluliswa okusebenza kahle kakhulu kuzorekhodwa lapho kuhamba ngendlela yezintambo, esikhundleni sokulandela izinkomba ze-perpendicular.
izakhiwo zikagesi
Isici esibalulekile okufanele wazi ngokhuni ukuthi uma lomile luyi-insulator kagesi enhle kakhulu.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinga lokumelana nomswakama lizoncika ekuqondeni, okuphansi uma kuqondiswa emicu. Kodwa kuzoxhomeka ohlotsheni lwezinkuni, olungcono kakhulu kulezo zingodo ezinamafutha nama-resin.
Esinye isici esithonya lokhu kuhlukahluka yi- isisindo esithile, ngoba uma inkulu, amandla okubhaliswa kwezinkuni ayakhuphuka.
ubulukhuni bezinkuni
Ukuqina kwalo mkhiqizo obalulekile bungachazwa njengokuqina okuphikisana nakho kokubili ukuguga nokuklwebheka, ukubethelwa kwezipikili kanye nokunye okude… Njengoba ungacabanga, uma indala futhi iqinile, kulapho iphikisana kakhulu khona.
Lobu bunzima bungahlukaniswa kanje:
okunzima kakhulu
- Ebony
- Rowan
- Holm oki
- Yebo
i-semi-hard
- Oak
- Maple
- Fresno
- I-Poplar
- I-Acacia
- okusamathunduluka
- Um-alimondi
- Chestnut
- Haya
- I-Walnut
- I-Alder
- isihlahla sepheya
- Isihlahla se-apula
ezithambile
- Abeto
- I-Larch
- I-Sauce
amalanda kakhulu
- Linden
- ubhabhulini omhlophe
isisindo sokhuni
Lesi esinye isici okufanele sicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha ukhuni olufanele lwesakhiwo. Lokhu kuzohluka ngokuya ngezinto ezahlukahlukene:
- Umswakama: Zonke izinkuni ezisanda kusikwa zinesisindo esingaphezu kokhuni oluye lwaba nesikhathi sokumisa.
- Inhlaka: ukhuni olune-resinous lunesisindo esingaphezu kwalolo olungenayo le nhlanganisela.
- ubudala besihlahla: I-heartwood yezitshalo ezivuthiwe ijiyile futhi isindayo kunezitshalo ezincane.
- isivinini sokukhula: Ipulangwe lesitshalo elikhula kancane lihlala liqinile futhi lisinda kunalelo elikhula ngokushesha.
- Sapwood ukhona: Lokhu kulula kunokhuni lwenhliziyo, ukuze ucezu olunokhuni lube nesisindo esingaphansi kwesiqephu esifanayo esenziwe ngokhuni lwenhliziyo kuphela.
- Ubukhulu: Uma ukhuni luqinile, isistimu yokhuni eyengeziwe nomoya omncane isampula eyomile izobonisa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ucezu lwe-carob luyoba nesisindo esingaphezu kweyodwa yezilinganiso ezifanayo, kodwa ezenziwe ngokhuni oluhlukahlukene olugcina izikhala ezinkulu phakathi kwamapayipi, njengoba lezi zigcwele umoya okhunini olomile. Ukuze uthole isibonelo esingcono: izinkuni ze-balsa zilula kakhulu, njengoba ngaphezu kuka-90% wevolumu yawo eyomile ingumoya.
ukuzinza kwezinkuni
Ukhuni olusanda kusikwa lulahlekelwa umswakama ukuze lulinganisele kulesi sici nendawo ezungezile.
Inqubo yokomisa emoyeni ingathatha amasonto noma ngisho izinyanga. Lokhu kuzoxhomeka ezingeni lokuminyana kwezinkuni, ngaphezu kokuqina kwayo, umswakama ojwayelekile wendawo ezungezile kanye nesivinini somoya esijikeleza phakathi kwamapulangwe.
Endabeni yezinkuni ezizinzile, ezifana ne-teak ne-mahogany, i-shrinkage incane ngesikhathi sokumisa, ngakho-ke bagcina isimo sabo esihle kakhulu. Nakuba lezo ezingagxili kangako, phakathi kwalezi zinkontileka ye-mamey ngaphezulu, ngakho-ke zivame ukugoba nokusonta, ngaphezu kokwethula imifantu eyesabekayo.
Ukuze uvimbele umonakalo, izingodo ezisanda kusikwa kufanele zibekwe kuma-pallet nasendaweni enomthunzi, lapho zingeke zithintwe imvula noma uhlaka oluningi.
Emahlathini angazinzile kangako
Endabeni yokhuni olungaqinile, inqubo yokomisa ihamba kancane, idinga ukuthi igawulwe ibe yimichilo emincane futhi ivikelwe emoyeni.
Khumbula ukuthi ukuzinza kwezinkuni kuzoxhomeka nasekukhuleni kwesitshalo, kanye nokuma kwanoma yimaphi amabhodi ngaphakathi kwelogi.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma amabhodi enqunywa emagatsheni noma ilogi ekhule incike, khona-ke izinkuni ezihlangothini zombili zesikhungo zizohluka ngobuningi. Isenzo esinjalo sizodala ukungezwani kwangaphakathi okungaholela ekukhothameni nasekuqhekekeni kwamabhodi.
Esinye isici esizothinta ukuzinza kwezinkuni ukusika okutholwe yibhodi. Lezi kufanele zibonwe ngendlela ekhanyayo, kucatshangelwa ukuthi lezo zinkuni izindandatho zazo zokukhula ziboniswa ngokuphambuka ebusweni bebhodi, zizinzile kunalezo ezisikwe ngendlela ye-tangential. Kulezi zimo izindandatho zicishe zilingane phezulu.
iphunga lezinkuni
Ezinye izingodo zikhipha iphunga elithile lapho zisikwa. Leli phunga lingahluka ngokuqina kuye ngendawo lapho isihlahla sakhula khona.
Njengombala, iphunga lezinkuni libangelwa izakhi zamakhemikhali ezigcinayo, ikakhulukazi ku-heartwood.
Kwabaningi abanolwazi ngale ndaba, ukhuni lomsedari yilona olukhipha iphunga elimnandi kakhulu nelingcono kakhulu lapho lusanda kuvalwa. Iphunga layo lisuselwa ezinhlakeni zobisi. Lokhu sekudume kakhulu kangangokuthi sekuyisisekelo sezinkampani zeziqholo ezaziwayo emhlabeni.
Abanye baze bayihlanganise nesinamoni noma ama-clove, ukuze ikhulise inani layo elingavamile.
Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi iphunga lomsedari lisetshenziswa njenge-decongestant, lapho izinkinga zekhala zenzeka.
Ukufakwa kwe-thermal ne-acoustic
Izimbobo okhunini ziphazamisa ukuhamba kokushisa kulo. Lokhu kuyinikeza izimfanelo zokufakelwa kwe-thermal okungavamile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, naphezu komthamo wayo ongenakuphikiswa wokuvutha, kuyaziwa ukuthi ingabambezela ukudlula komlilo, esimweni semishayo emikhulu.
Nakuba ngokomsindo, izakhiwo zayo zokuhlukanisa aziphezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ezisebenza kahle.
Izakhiwo zemishini yokhuni
Lapha izakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu ziqoqwe ngombono wokwakha. Ukutadisha kwayo okufanele kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo okuqinile kuzoholela ekuzinzeni okukhulu kwezakhiwo, okungukuthi, zizovikeleka kakhudlwana kumuntu.
amandla okucindezela
Kulokhu, izici ezihlukene zisebenza, njengomswakama, okumele ube ngaphansi kwezinga lokugcwala kwezintambo, okungama-30%.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amandla okucindezela azoba phezulu lapho izinga lomswakama lehla. Nokho, kusukela kulowo 30% ukumelana kuba njalo.
Iphinde ibe nomthelela ekuqondeni komzamo. Ukumelana okuphezulu kuzohlotshaniswa nomzamo owenziwe ohlangothini olufanayo lwezintambo, kodwa okuzokwehla njengoba isuka kuleyo ndlela.
Kuleli qophelo, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ukuphuka ekucindezelweni kuqinisekiswa ibanga lamakholomu okhuni kanye ne-arching yawo ngayinye.
Amandla aqinile
Izinkuni zingenye yezinto ezifanele kakhulu zomsebenzi oqinile. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezintweni ezivezwe kula mandla kuncishiswa kuphela ubunzima bokudlulisa amandla okudonsa kuzo.
Imvelo ye-anisotropic yalo mthombo wemvelo wokhuni ihlobene nalokhu. Ngendlela yokuthi ukumelana ohlangothini oluhambisanayo kuzoba phezulu kakhulu kune-perpendicular direction.
Ukuphuka kwengcindezi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngokuzumayo. Ngakho kulesi sici kungashiwo ukuthi ukhuni luyinto ebuthakathaka.
Amandla e-Flexural
Kungase futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukhuni alumelani nhlobo nokucindezeleka okugobayo, kokubili okukhazimulayo kanye ne-tangentially. Nakuba okufanayo kungenzeki uma lo mzamo usetshenziselwa i-perpendicular to the fibers.
Yile ndlela i-elementi engaphansi kwamandla egobayo eshintsha ngayo, okudala ukuncipha kobukhulu bemicu engaphezulu, kuyilapho kuba nokwelula kwephansi.
Uma sifaka noma yisiphi isici sokhuni esizovezwa ukugoba, ngaphezu kokucabangela ukuthi imelana nemithwalo ezokwenza kuyo, kuzodingeka ukuvimbela ukuguqulwa ngokweqile okungase kukhiqize ukuqhekeka kwe-coating.
Kulokhu kuyoba okwanele ukuphakamisa umkhawulo noma ubude besiqephu, okwandisa ukuqina.
Izinhlobo zezinkuni
Ukuze siqedele, sizobona ukuthi izihlahla ziqoqwa kanjani ngokwezigaba ezinikezwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokhuni:
izinkuni ezinenhlaka
- Pino
- Abeto
- I-Larch
- UCypress
- Umsedari
izinkuni eziqinile
- Oak
- Holm oki
- Haya
- Olmo
- Chestnut
- I-Alder
- Fresno
- I-Acacia
- poplar
- I-Sauce
- I-Eucalyptus
- Izihlahla zezithelo
- I-Walnut
- okusamathunduluka
- Umnqumo
Amahlathi ashisayo noma ase-Afrika
- UMahogany
- Ebony
- Sapele
- Teak
- embero
- iroko