Izinyoni ezidla inyama ziyizilwane ezingavamile eziye zaba nezinguquko ezihlukahlukene emizimbeni yazo ezizuzisa zona lapho kuziwa ekubambeni inyamazane yazo. Lezi zinyoni zitholakala emhlabeni wonke. Zidla ngokuyisisekelo inyama yezilwane zazo futhi zingaba sengozini enkulu uma indawo yazo ihlangabezana nezinguquko ezinkulu ezilimaza indawo ezidla kuyo. Ake sazi okwengeziwe ngabo.
Izici zezinyoni ezidla inyama
Ungase uzibuzeziyini izinyoni ezidla inyama? Lezi kumane kuyizilwane ezidla inyama ezinezimfanelo zomzimba ezizivumelanise nezimo ukuze ukudla kwazo kwenziwe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ngoba ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni, zinekhono elingenakuqhathaniswa lokuzingela elizenza ziqine cishe kumaphesenti ayikhulu amacala. Lezi zimfanelo noma izici ezizenza zikhetheke kakhulu yilezi:
- Umbono: Lezi zinyoni zibonakala ngokuba nombono obizwa ngokuthi "i-binocular vision" ezivumela ukuthi zigxile kuphela ezilwaneni zazo futhi zikhulise insimu yazo yokubona. Izinyoni ezidla inyama ikakhulukazi zithembele ekwazini kwazo ukubona ukuze zithole ukudla kwazo. Amehlo ayo makhulu futhi alingana no-15% wesisindo sayo.
- Iziqongo: Lezi zilwane zinemilomo ebukhali, enamandla futhi eyingozi eyenza zihluke kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Le ngxenye yemizimba yazo ibalulekile, njengoba ziyisebenzisela ukuklebhula inyamazane yazo, nakuba ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama nazo zisebenzisa imilomo yazo ukuze zibulale izilwane ezizibambile.
- Imilenze: Lezi zivame ukugcwala imisipha eqinile nezinzipho ezicijile ezizohlukahluka kuye ngokuthi inyoni, ngoba akuzona zonke ezinobukhulu obufanayo, ubude noma ukuma futhi izici zazo zizoncika ohlotsheni lwezilwane ezidliwa yinyoni. Zonke izinyoni ezidla inyama zineminwe emine engase ihlukaniseke ngale ndlela: 3 ngaphambili nenye emuva noma emibili ngaphambili nemibili ngemuva, lokhu kuyoxhomeka enhlotsheni yesilwane. Ukuhlelwa kweminwe yabo kuzisiza ukuba zibambe inyamazane yazo kangcono, ziphephe nakakhulu lapho ukuma kwazo kuhlukaniswe ngokulinganayo maqondana nezinhlangothi zombili.
- Ukuzwa: umuzwa wokuzwa walezi zilwane ngokuvamile muhle kakhulu ngoba lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni inyamazane yazo, ikakhulukazi ezinyoni ezidla inyama ezizingela ngezikhathi zasebusuku kanye nalezo ezihlala ezindaweni ezigcwele izilwane ezihlukene ezingabanga umsindo njalo. Eziningi zalezi zinyoni zibonakala ngokuba nezimpaphe ezithile ezakha i-disc futhi ezitholakala emakhanda azo, eduze nemisele yazo yokuzwa futhi esebenza njengezikhulisa-msindo, okwenza izindlebe zazo zibe nzima nakakhulu.
- Isistimu yokugaya ukudla: Lezi zilwane zinesimiso esithile sokugaya ukudla, zinesitshalo lapho kugcinwa khona ukudla, kodwa akugayeki kule ndawo, ukubukeka kwayo kufana nesaka. Kuleso sitshalo lawo mapheya epheya angenakugayeka agcinwa, isibonelo kungaba amathambo noma izinzipho zesilwane, lezi zigcinwa lapho futhi kamuva zixoshwa ngokuphindaphindiwe.
- Maye: Izinyoni ezidla inyama ezihlala ezindaweni ezifana namahlathi noma emahlathini zinezimpiko ezimfishane kancane futhi eziyindilinga ezivumela ukuthi zihambe ngenkathi zindiza ngaphandle kokungqubuzana nezihlahla noma izihlahla futhi zibambene kuzo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinyoni ezitholakala ezindaweni ezibanzi futhi ezingenazo izithiyo eziningi zinezimpiko ezinde kakhulu nezimpaphe ezichazwe kakhudlwana ezibheke kumathiphu. Izimpaphe zale ngxenye yomzimba wezinyoni ezidla inyama zinamaphethini ayingqayizivele azenza zikwazi ukungabonakali lapho zindiza.
izinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla inyama
Kubili okukhona Izinhlobo zezinyoni inyamazane, zingase zibe nokufana okuthile kwezinhlobo zazo, nokho, azinakho ukufana ngaphakathi kwe-taxonomy yazo. Ngakho-ke, sizobe sikhuluma ngezinyoni ezidla inyama ezingasahlanganyeli ne-taxonomy yazo, nokho zinokufana okuthile phakathi kwazo, enye yalezi zici ezabelana ngazo kungaba yindlela yazo yokuthola inyamazane yazo kanye nohlobo lwazo. Izinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zinyoni yilezi:
- izinyoni ezidla inyama
- Izinyoni ezidla inyama zasebusuku (kulolu hlobo kungase kube nezinyoni ezinokuziphatha kwansuku zonke)
Amagama Nezibonelo Zezinyoni Ezidla Inyama Ezidlayo
Okokuqala, kufanele sazi ukuthi izinyoni ezidla inyama ezidliwayo ziyingxenye yezinhlobo ezimbili zama-oda, i-Falconiformes ne-Accipitriformes, lezi nazo zihlukaniswa ngezigaba phakathi kwemindeni kanye nesizukulwane lapho ngayinye yazo iyingxenye yazo.
Manje, sesizokwazi ukuthi yimiphi imindeni engaphakathi kohlelo lwezinyoni ezidla inyama i-Falconiformes:
- I-Cathartidae
- I-Pandionidae
- I-Accipitridae
- Sagittariidae
- I-Falconidae
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinyoni ezidla inyama ye-oda i-Accipitriformes zihlukaniswe imindeni elandelayo:
- I-Accipitridae
- I-Cathartidae
- I-Pandionidae
- Sagittariidae
Njengoba sesikwazi lokhu, sizokhuluma ngezinhlobo ezithile zezinyoni ezidla inyama futhi sithole ukuthi yiziphi izici zazo eziyinhloko ezizenza zihluke phakathi kwezinhlobo zazo.
Ukhozi Olunempandla (Haliaeetus leucephalus)
El Ukhozi olumpandla Yinyoni yezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika, ingaphakathi kwe-oda le-accipitriformes. Lezi zingafinyelela kumamitha amabili ubude bephiko, ngakho zibhekwa njenge inyoni enkulu edla inyama. Bangabazingeli abakhethekile abangahlala ezindaweni ezihlukene.
Zihlala zibonakala zintshontsha ezinye izinkozi ezincane ezizijaha ngokungakhathali zize zifeze umgomo wazo. Lezi zinyoni zibhekwa njengohlobo oluthile kakhulu, lokhu kungenxa yobukhulu bazo kanye nezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezitholakala kuwo wonke amakhanda azo, njengoba lokhu kuwukuhlukanisa okucacile okuzibonakalisa futhi kuzenza zihluke futhi zaziwe kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.
I-Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
Ngokulandela ukuhleleka kwama-falconiform, lezi zinyoni zihlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziyi-19, zingatholakala ezindaweni ezihlukene emhlabeni, lokhu kusho ukuthi ziyizinyoni ezihambe umhlaba wonke futhi sezijwayele lezi zindawo ezahlukene.
Zinobukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-60 emzimbeni, uma amaphiko azo anwetshiwe elinganiswa angaba amasentimitha angu-120, ngakho-ke singacabanga ukuthi iphiko ngalinye linobude obufana nolomzimba walo. Umuhle izinyoni Raptors Ziyabukisa kakhulu ngenxa yokuklanywa kwezimpaphe zazo emzimbeni nasebusweni, okufana ne-mask.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_Wth0g-zpU
I-Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja)
Lokhu kubhekwa njengenye yezinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubukhulu bayo bungafinyelela kumitha elilodwa, kuyilapho ubukhulu bamaphiko ayo amabili anwetshiwe ngokuvamile budlula amamitha amabili ubude, ngaphezu kwalokhu, lezi zinkozi ezimangalisayo Zibukhali kakhulu. nezinzipho ezinamandla ezingafinyelela kalula kumasentimitha angu-15, okubenza babe abazingeli abangaba yingozi nabahle kakhulu.
El Ukhozi olunguHarpy Ingokohlelo lwe-accipitriformes futhi indawo yayo yemvelo kungaba amahlathi anomswakama atholakala kusukela endaweni eseningizimu yendawo yaseMexico kuya endaweni esenyakatho yendawo yase-Argentina. Esinye sezici zazo eziphawuleka kakhulu, ngaphandle kobukhulu bazo, ukuthi lapho lezi zinyoni zizwa zisengozini, izimpaphe ezisemakhanda azo zivame ukugobhoza futhi zakhe uhlobo oluthile lwe-crest oluzenza zibukeke zizinhle nakakhulu, zizikhudlwana futhi zinamandla kakhulu.
Ukhozi Olubomvu (Aquila chrysaetos)
Lezi izinyoni esingazithola cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, indawo yazo ngokuvamile itholakala ezintabeni nakulawo mawa lapho kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zamadwala, njengoba ukhozi lwegolide luvamise ukwakha izidleke zalo phakathi kwamadwala ase-In. lezo zindawo.
Ziyizinyoni ezinkulu ezikwazi ukudlula amamitha amabili ubude uma sikhuluma ngobukhulu bamaphiko azo, kanti umzimba wazo ungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-90 noma imitha eyodwa ubude.
Ukhozi olukhulu ( Haliaeetus pelagicus )
Lena inyoni edla inyama ehlala ezindaweni zasolwandle, emifuleni noma emachibini, indawo yayo igxile emazweni athile ase-Asia njengeJapan, Korea neChina, noma kunjalo, ingatholakala kwezinye izindawo eRussia. Ithathwa njengesinda kunazo zonke izinyoni ezidla inyama, ingakala ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili ubude bamaphiko ayo, kuyilapho umzimba wayo ungafinyelela imitha elilodwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi uze uyidlule ngamasentimitha ambalwa.
Ngale ndlela, ukhozi olukhulu lubhekwa njengenye yezinyoni ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kanye nokhozi okuthiwa i-harpy olungafinyelela ubukhulu obufanayo noma obufana nalenyoni. Ukudla kokhozi lwasolwandle kuhlanganisa izinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi i-salmon, ukuze udle le nhlanzi enomzimba oqinile, le nyoni isuke ibe noqhwaku olukhulu okwenza kube lula ukuyidwengula futhi kamuva idle lezi zinhlanzi.
Amagama nezibonelo zezinyoni ezidla inyama zasebusuku
Ngaphakathi kweqembu lezinyoni ezidla inyama zasebusuku singathola i-oda elilodwa kuphela, lena i-Strigiformes futhi yakhiwe kuphela imindeni emibili ehlukanisayo. Ake sifunde okwengeziwe ngalolu hlobo lwezinyoni ezivame ukuzingela ebusuku:
Imindeni:
- I-Tytonidae
- I-Strigidae
Kulula kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinyoni ezikumuphi umndeni, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kutholakala izikhova kuphela emndenini wakwaTytonidae, okusho ukuthi zonke ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama zihlangene komunye umndeni osele. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, kulolu hlobo kunezinyoni zasebusuku ezihlanganyela izimo zengqondo nezinyoni ezidlayo futhi zingasebenza ngalezo zikhathi.
Manje sesizokwazi ezinye zalezi zinyoni ezidla inyama zasebusuku nokuthi zibonakala kanjani:
I-Barn Owl (Tyto alba)
Sesiyazi ukuthi le nyoni enhle ekamuphi umndeni. Lezi zingatholakala ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zendawo yokuhlala, ingenye yezinyoni ezimbalwa ezidla inyama ezingabonwa zihlala ngokuthula ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, ngaphezu kwalokhu, singazithola cishe kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni.
Ziyizinyoni ezikwazi ukukala cishe ngamasentimitha angama-40, ngakho-ke zithathwa njengosayizi ophakathi. Isici saso esiyinhloko nesidume kabi ngalesi sikhova umbala omhlophe wezimpaphe zaso ezinamachashaza amancane eminye imibala.
Isikhova sokhozi (Bubo bubo)
Izinyoni ezinkulu ezikwazi ukukala cishe ngamasentimitha angama-80 ubude futhi ezinezimpiko ezikwazi ukweqa amamitha amabili. Zingatholakala ezwekazini lase-Asia, eYurophu naseRussia. Indawo yabo ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi izindawo ezinamahlathi, ugwadule ngisho nama-tundra, lapho behlala khona kukho konke ukuphila kwabo.
Ukubukeka kwazo okuvelele kakhulu yilezo ziqu ezimbili ezibekwe phezu kwamehlo azo futhi zifinyelela ngemuva kwamakhanda azo, lezi zifana nokuma kwezindlebe ezimbili, ngakho zihlukaniseka kalula kwezinye izinhlobo.
I-Barred Owl (Strix hylophila)
Lezi zinyoni ezinhle kakhulu ezidla inyama zitholakala emahlathini nasemahlathini kwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu Melika (iBrazil, iParaguay ne-Argentina). Lezi izinyoni ezingabonakali kalula, njengoba zivame ukucasha kahle kubantu, ngokuvamile zizwakala kude, kodwa cishe azibonwa. Bangochwepheshe bokucasha ngendawo ebazungezile, lokhu kunomthelela ekwenzeni kube nzima kakhulu ukukubona nokubonwa.
Zibalwe phakathi kwezinyoni ezidla inyama ezinobukhulu obuphakathi, zilinganiselwa kumasentimitha angama-40. Izimpaphe zazo zinephethini ekhetheke kakhulu, njengoba iqukethe imigqa yamagagasi ebushelelezi ngemibala ekhanyayo nemnyama ezenza zibukeke zikhanga kakhulu kodwa ezisiza ukuthi zihlangane nendawo ezikuzungezile ukuze zingabonwa izilwane ezizidlayo zemvelo noma umuntu. iso. Ngaphezu kwalokho bane-crest encane emnyama ezungeze ubuso babo bonke.
Izikhova ze-Scops (Otus scops)
Lezi zilwane zitholakala endaweni enamahlathi naseduze nemifula yase-Afrika, e-Asia naseYurophu, nokho-ke, zingabonakala nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni noma ezisemadolobheni. Zibhekwa njengezikhova ezincane kunazo zonke phakathi kweNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, njengoba zilinganisa amasentimitha angu-20 kuphela, yingakho zihlukaniswa njengenye yezinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke ezidla inyama.
Isici sazo somzimba sibonakala ngokuba nezimpaphe ezimile ezizinikeza ukubukeka okuyingqayizivele futhi zizenze zibe olunye lwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla inyama ezinemibala egqamile futhi egqamile.
I-Boreal Owl (Aegolius funereus)
Lesi sikhova sibhekwa njengenye yezinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke ezidla inyama, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubukhulu baso abudluli amasentimitha angu-25. Ngokuvamile zingatholakala ezindaweni zase-Alpine zezwekazi laseYurophu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisezintabeni nasemahlathini.
Isici esigqama kakhulu salezi zilwane imvamisa ukuthi zinekhanda elikhudlwana kunezinye izikhova futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, zinemigqa emibili emnyama ebekwe phezu kwamehlo azo futhi enikeza ukubonakala kokuthi zingamashiya, lokhu Kwenzile. zithandwa kakhulu ngoba ziyabukisa futhi zizinhle.
ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama
Ngaphambili sakwazi ukukhuluma kancane mayelana izinyoni ezidla inyama ukuthi kukhona isici more ngaphakathi emaqenjini abo kanye nemindeni, Nokho, kumelwe sicabangele ukuthi kukhona nabanye abaningi ukuthi futhi izici zabo ezikhethekile futhi ngenxa yalokho eyingqayizivele ngaphakathi. Okulandelayo, sizokushiyela uhlu oluncane olunamagama namaqembu ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama ongase ufune ukuzazi:
- I-Sparrowhawk evamile (i-Accipiter nisus) - Inyoni edla inyama e-Diurnal
- I-Red Kite (i-Milvus milvus) - Inyoni ye-Diurnal edla inyama
- I-Black Kite (i-Milvus migrans) - Inyoni ye-Diurnal edla inyama
- I-Sparrowhawk ekhuphukayo (i-Circus buffoni) - Inyoni edla inyama e-Diurnal
- Isikhova Esimnyama (Ciccaba huhhula) – Inyoni edla inyama yasebusuku
- I-Tawny owl (Strix aluco) – Inyoni edla inyama yasebusuku
- Ukhozi Olulodwa (Harpyhaliaetus solitarius) – Inyoni edla inyama edlayo
- I-Sparrowhawk enemilenze emide (i-Geranospiza caerulescens) - Inyoni edla inyama e-Diurnal
- Isikhova Esinemilenze Emhlophe (Strix albitarsis) – Inyoni edla inyama yasebusuku
- African Fish Owl (Scotopelia peli) – Inyoni edla inyama yasebusuku
- Isikhova Esimnyama (Asio stygius) – Inyoni edla inyama yasebusuku
- Ukhozi lwase-Iberia (u-Aquila adalberti) - Inyoni edla inyama edlayo
- Isikhova Esinsundu (Strix virgata)- Inyoni edla inyama yasebusuku
- Isikhova Esibukwayo (Pulsatrix perspicillata) – Inyoni Edla inyama yasebusuku
- I-Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) – Inyoni edla inyama edlayo
- I-Matamico emhlophe (i-Phalcoboenus megalopterus) - Inyoni ye-Diurnal edla inyama
- I-Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) - Inyoni edla inyama edlayo
- I-Alilicucu evamile (Megascops choliba) - Inyoni edla inyama yasebusuku
- Cinnamon Owl (Aegolius harrisii) – Inyoni edla inyama yasebusuku
- Ukhozi Oluqhunyiswayo (Hieraaetus pennatus) – Inyoni edla inyama
Zonke lezi zinyoni zifana ngokufana, okungukuthi ziyizinyoni ezidla inyama nokuthi ukudla kwazo kuyadla, nokho, ngemva kokwazi ezinye zazo, sakwazi ukuqaphela ukuthi zinezici ze-taxonomic ezihluke kakhulu phakathi kwazo, ngakho-ke ngayinye ikhethekile. futhi banezici Eziyingqayizivele. Abanye babo bangase babelane ngokuziphatha kanye nokufana okumbalwa ngokomzimba, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi ziyefana ngokuphelele, ngisho noma kukhulunywa ngezinhlobo ezingaphansi zesigaba esifanayo.
Manje njengoba sesazi okwengeziwe ngabo, ngokuqinisekile sizothanda ukubabona izinyoni ezidla izithombe noma uzibheke esimweni sazo semvelo kuyilapho ufunda okwengeziwe ngezinyoni ezihlukahlukene ezidla inyama ezikhona emhlabeni wonke.