I-Venezuela imele elinye lamazwe anomnotho omkhulu wemvelo, omele intuthuko enkulu yezwe, ekhuthaza intuthuko nenqubekela phambili esizweni. Ngenxa yazo zonke izinzuzo izwe elinazo, kuye kwaba nomthelela emvelweni ngenxa yamasu okuzithola, sazise esihlokweni esilandelayo Izinkinga Zemvelo eVenezuela.
Izinkinga Zemvelo eVenezuela
Imvelo ihambisana nesinye sezihloko okuxoxwa ngazo emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yomthelela omubi ukuxhashazwa nokungenelela komuntu ekuguqukeni kwabo okuye kwaba nawo emithonjeni yemvelo, okuholela ekuxhashazweni ngokweqile nasekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile kuze kube seqophelweni lokudala ukuwohloka ngokuphelele, ukuthi izwe ngalinye lenze imithethonqubo nemithetho evumela ukulawulwa kwemithombo yemvelo esizweni ngasinye, nakho konke lokhu, izinkinga zemvelo ziye zabonwa ezisaqhubeka.
I-Venezuela iyizwe eligqame kakhulu futhi laziwa emhlabeni wonke ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ze-ecosystem eyakha indawo yalo yemvelo. Izwe ligqame ngokuba yindawo enamakhilomitha-skwele angu-912.050, le ndawo yakhiwe amabhishi, izingwadule, izintaba, izigodi, amathafa, ugu, phakathi kokunye. Ukwenza isizwe sicebe ngemithombo yemvelo kanye nemikhiqizo ehlala kuso.
Igqamisa iqiniso lokuthi ngenxa yobuningi bezinsiza zayo iveze izinkinga zezepolitiki, ngenxa yamabutho angaphandle afuna ukuyixhaphaza. Ukugcizelela ikakhulukazi leyo evela emithonjeni yamandla efana nowoyela noma imithombo yezimayini njengegolide; ngaphandle kokubala ukuxhashazwa kwamahlathi ayo anezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo eziye zathinteka kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezimbangela ezidala inkinga eqhubekayo yezemvelo ezweni laseVenezuela, lapho kugqama khona ukugcwala kwesizwe, ukungalandeli imithetho yemvelo, ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwemithombo yemvelo kanye nokwanda ngokweqile kwezimboni. Konke lokhu kuholela ekungcolisweni kwezindawo ezahlukene kodwa ezithikamezeke kakhulu ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nomoya okubonwa ezindaweni ezahlukene zesifunda, ngaphezu kokubona ukunqwabelana kwemfucuza ezindaweni zasemakhaya okuholela ekucekeleni phansi komhlabathi kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi.
Ngaphezu kokuvela kwemililo yamahlathi okubangele ukushabalala okukhulu kwezinhlobo zezihlahla ezweni lonke, okuphinde kuthinte ukungcoliswa okubukwayo nomsindo, kucekele phansi izindawo zezwe, phakathi kwezinye izici eziningi eziye zabangela ukungqubuzana kwezwe nelomhlaba kulo lonke izwe. Isimo sezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, isethi yezinqubomgomo ezigxile ekuvikelweni nasekulondolozweni kwemvelo sekudaliwe ukuze kuzuzwe ukugcinwa kokugcinwa kwemvelo nokuqinisekisa ukuthi kwenzelwa izizukulwane ezizayo.
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi eVenezuela
Amanzi abhekwa njengoketshezi olubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kokuphila emhlabeni.IVenezuela ingelinye lamazwe ambalwa kakhulu anemithombo yemvelo yamanzi okuphuza, kanye nemifula nezilwandle ezakha izindawo zayo. Ukugqama ngokuba enye yezindawo eziyinhloko ezithintekayo emazingeni ahlukene kokubili ogwini, emifuleni, emachibini, emachibini nakweminye imithombo yamanzi, okubangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu ukuthinteka kwalezi zinhlelo zemvelo.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokungcoliswa kwamanzi ezweni laseVenezuela kuthiwa yizinkampani kanye nemizi ehlukene ezindaweni zasemadolobheni zezwe. Kule ndlu, inkampani kawoyela ephethe ukucubungula ama-hydrocarbons igqamile, lapho izinqubo zayo zivame ukwenziwa khona olwandle, zifinyelele ukuchitheka kwamafutha ogwini lwaseVenezuela. Ukugqamisa kulokhu ukuchithwa kukawoyela okwethulwa ogwini lweGulf of Venezuela, kanye nokwethulwa ogwini lwase-Falcón okukhiqizwa imboni ye-petrochemical etholakala emabhishi ayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugqamisa iqiniso lokuthi inkampani kawoyela ingenye yezimbangela zenani eliphezulu lemfucuza yezimboni ekhona emanzini, engcolisa amanzi ahlanzekile emifuleni ngisho namachibi amanzi okuphuza, lokhu kuye kwabonwa eLake kusukela. eMaracaibo, lapho kunokunqwabelana okukhulu kwemfucuza eye yangcolisa amanzi echibi.
Ukugqamisa ezinye izici ezinomthelela ekungcolisweni kwamanzi njengokuba khona kokuqhuma kwamapayipi okuvela kumavukelambuso ase-Colombia athinte imifula yase-Venezuela eduze nomfula i-Orinoco. Njengoba kungase kuthinte izivakashi ezivakashela izindawo ezisogwini zezwe, kushiye imfucumfucu enkulu njengeziqukathi zepulasitiki nezingilazi ogwini lwamabhishi nemifula.
Ngokwezibalo zezibalo zokungcoliswa kwezindikimba zamanzi ezweni, umfula iGuaire kanye noTuy enhloko-dolobha yezwe, kanye nechibi laseValencia, imifula iTocuyo ne-Aroa, kanye nayo yonke imifula yayo. imifula ezindaweni ezisentshonalanga. Ngenkathi umfula i-Neverí, i-Unare, i-Manzanares ne-Guarapiche engxenyeni esempumalanga.
Ukungcoliswa komoya eVenezuela
Umoya umelela lonke ungqimba lwegesi oluzungeze iplanethi engumhlaba, lubanzi futhi lubanzi kangangokuthi lungahlukaniswa ngamaleveli kuze kube yilapho lukhiqiza ungqimba oluvikelayo olwaziwa ngokuthi ungqimba lwe-ozone, ngalo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo zingathintana nomoya-mpilo. elivela ezitshalweni futhi livumela ukuthuthukiswa kokuphila.
Njengamanje kunenani elikhulu lokukhishwa kwegesi okuvela ezimbonini ezitholakala kulo lonke izwe laseVenezuela, lezi zinkampani ikakhulukazi zitholakala enhloko-dolobha yezwe kanye nengxenye emaphakathi, zinomthelela omkhulu emoyeni wemikhakha eshiwo futhi zilimaze imvelo yawo wonke amazwe.
Ngenxa yokuthi izinkampani zimelela intuthuko enkulu yezomnotho yezwe, azikho izinyathelo ezithathwayo zokulawula inani lesisi esinobuthi esikhishwayo ukuze kunqandwe le nkinga. Kulokhu, izimboni zikawoyela nezephethiloli ziyagqama, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisemadolobheni aseValencia, eMaracaibo, ePuerto Ordaz naseCaracas, lapho umthelela wemvelo ongqimbeni lomkhathi ube mkhulu kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinhlobonhlobo zezimoto ezinesibopho sokwenza ukukhishwa okukhulu kwamagesi afakwe ongqimbeni lomkhathi, lokhu kuyisici esikhula kancane kancane ngenxa yokuthi ithinteka yizimoto ngazinye futhi ezokuthutha zomphakathi ezijikeleza nsuku zonke ezweni lonke, ngaphezu kwalezo zimoto ezinesimiso esibi se-exhaust ngokuvamile zingcolisa kakhulu kunezimo ezivamile. Lesi sici sikhulu kakhulu kulawo madolobha asemadolobheni anabantu abaningi atholakala enhloko-dolobha nesifunda esimaphakathi, lapho kubonakala khona ungqimba olukhulu lwentuthu.
Ukunqwabelana Kodoti noma Udoti Oqinile
Udoti ungenye yezinkinga ezinkulu wonke amazwe abhekana nazo futhi okungenye yezinto ezikhathaza kakhulu izizukulwane ezizayo. E-Venezuela imele izinkinga ezinkulu ngenxa yokwehluleka ekuqoqweni kukadoti ovela emakhaya nasezimbonini, oqoqwe futhi othinta indawo yendawo yedolobha ngalinye.
Ukugcizelela ukuthi wonke amadolobha ezwe unyaka ngamunye aletha inqwaba yamathani kadoti, okwandayo ngenxa yomphumela wokunukubezeka komkhathi nokubonwayo, okuyisici esikhulu kakhulu kulezo zifunda eziyizivakashi nezivakashelwa abantu bakwamanye amazwe, okukhiqiza ukwanda okukhulu. inani lokumosha nokulimaza imiphakathi yendawo.
Naphezu kwalokhu, iVenezuela imele izwe elinabantu abaningi ngokweqile, ngakho inani lemfucuza eqinile alimeli inani elibucayi.Inkinga ukuthi azikho izimboni zokulahla imfucuza eqinile ezweni, okungaba ezokulahlwa noma zokugaywa kabusha. Kunezindawo zokuhlanzeka kuphela. izindawo zokulahla imfucuza ezigunyazwe izinkampani ezithile ezifundeni zezwe.
Ukubala kuphela izindawo zokulahla udoti noma izindawo zokulahla udoti ezisendaweni evulekile egcwele ngokweqile, ngomkhawulo wazo omkhulu futhi iningi lazo selivele likhathele. Ngenxa yokwehluleka komthetho ukulawula imfucuza, imvamisa ifakwa ezindaweni eziluhlaza ngokungemthetho, okuthinta indawo yezwe futhi kungcolise amanzi, inhlabathi nomoya, kuze kube enye yezimbangela zomlilo kweminye imikhakha.
Iqiniso lokuthi akukho ukuphathwa okwanele kwemfucuza eqinile liyagqama, futhi alikho isiko lemvelo, okuholela ekuhleleni okuncane ukukhuthaza imibono yokugcinwa nokuhlanza amadolobha nezindawo ezithintekayo.
Ukugawulwa Kwamahlathi kanye Nomlilo Wamahlathi eVenezuela
I-Venezuela ibonakale ngokwethula izinhlobonhlobo zemvelo ezifana namahlathi, amahlathi nezintaba, lapho iningi lazo livikelekile njengamapaki kazwelonke kanye namachibi ezitshalo nezilwane, naphezu kwalokhu ziye zachayeka ekubhujisweni kwezinhlobo zezihlahla zayo ezikhona, kubhekwa njengenkinga yemvelo ebucayi kakhulu ezweni.
Phakathi nezikhathi zesomiso ezweni elihambisana nalezo zinyanga zasehlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa liphakeme futhi imvula incane kakhulu, kungenzeka ukubona ukuba khona kwemililo yamahlathi efikile ukucekela phansi izinkulungwane zamahektha amahlathi emvelo okuthi, kanye nalokhu, sebenzisana nokungcoliswa komoya. Ukushintsha indawo ezungezile kanye nawo wonke ama-ecosystem avame ukuvela kuwo. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu adala lolu hlobo lomlilo, lapho amahlamvu omile kanye nemfucumfucu eqinile kuvame ukuba yizisusa zalomlilo.
Isici sesibili esithonya ukucekelwa phansi kwezinhlobo zezihlahla ezikhona ezweni sibangelwa ukuxhashazwa kukawoyela kanye nemboni yezimayini. Ngenxa yokuthi ukunwetshwa okukhulu kwezihlahla kubonakala ezweni, kungabangela ukugawulwa ngokweqile kwezinhlobo zezilwane, kuze kube yilapho zibhujiswa ngokuphelele futhi ngokungenakuhlehliswa. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu kubonakala ezindaweni zezolimo noma zasemadolobheni, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zaseBolívar nase-Amazonas, ngenxa yomcebo wazo omkhulu wemvelo kanye namaminerali.
Ukungcoliswa Kwenhlabathi eVenezuela
I-Venezuela ibonakala ngengcebo yayo yemvelo, phakathi kwayo izinhlobonhlobo zenhlabathi efanelekayo yokukhiqiza ezolimo etholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zezifunda zaseVenezuela ezifana namathafa, engxenyeni esentshonalanga nasesifundeni sase-Andean. Lezi zindawo zigqame ngokuba yinhlabathi evundile, ingezinye ezifunwa kakhulu ngezokulima.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okunye ukuwohloka kwenhlabathi kuye kwabonwa ngenxa yokuba khona okuphezulu kwezinto ezingcolisa ezolimo njengezibulala-zinambuzane, izibulala-khula kanye nomanyolo. Lapho zimele iqoqo lezinto zamakhemikhali ezifike ziwohloke umhlabathi, zize zigcine zilahlekelwe yimvelo yazo ngokungazivumeli ukuthi zikhule ngendlela efanele, zize zishiye zingasebenziseki futhi zinyumba, zingakuvumeli ukuba zikhule ngendlela efanele. esetshenziswa futhi esikhathini esizayo. .
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuba khona kwalezi zici zamakhemikhali lapho inhlabathi nezitshalo zingaphansi kwazo, izinambuzane zivame ukwanda futhi zihlasele izitshalo, lapho abalimi bevame ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali anamandla kakhulu futhi nomthelela omkhulu enhlabathini yaseVenezuela. Ukudala ukuthi kube nokusheshisa ukucekelwa phansi komhlaba kanye nokusebenzisana nomthelela emvelweni, okuletha imiphumela emikhulu, ngenxa yokuncipha kwemali engenayo esetshenziswayo ezweni kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi.
Njengamanje kukhona abalimi abasebenzisa imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ngokungakhethi, abezosetshenziswa njengendlela ejulile yokutshala ezweni. Lapho beza khona ukuzokhiqiza umthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo ezifundeni zaseVenezuela futhi bakhiqize imithombo emisha yokungcola ethinta isizwe.
Izimayini Ezingekho emthethweni eVenezuela
I-Venezuela ibonakala ngokuba yizwe elicebile ngemithombo yemvelo ehlukene kodwa futhi nokuceba ngamaminerali namatshe ayigugu njengegolide ne-coltan. Ngendlela efanayo naleyo ebonwa ngayo ingxenye enkulu yokugawulwa kwamahlathi okwenziwa umuntu, kwethulwa nezimayini ezingekho emthethweni, okuhambisana nokumbiwa okukhulu nokungemthetho kwezimbiwa zezwe ngenhloso yokungenzi inzuzo esizweni.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kungaba umphumela wokumba okungekho emthethweni, okugqamisa kulokhu imiphumela esifundeni esiseningizimu yezwe. Lokhu kumelela inkinga enkulu yezombangazwe nemvelo, ngoba imvamisa baba yibutho labantu abavela emazweni angomakhelwane ukuzokhipha ingcebo yezimbiwa zesizwe ngokungemthetho, phakathi kwezinye zezimbiwa ezikhishwe kakhulu amadayimane, igolide, icoltan, phakathi kokunye.
Ukuxhashazwa kwezimayini kumele isenzo sodlame ezindaweni zaseVenezuela ezilawulwa ama-mafia, lapho kukhishwa khona cishe amathani angu-14,7. Lolu hlobo lweqiniso lubonwa kabanzi e-Amazon lapho kunenani elikhulu lokuxhashazwa kwezimayini lapho zenza khona ukucekelwa phansi kwezinhlobo zezitshalo, phakathi nenqubo zingcolisa amanzi aseduze.
Lolu hlobo lomkhuba lungenziwa ngokusemthethweni noma ngokungekho emthethweni, kuzo zombili izimo ifomu elinodlame lenziwa ngokumelene nemvelo elidala imiphumela engenakulungiseka endaweni.
Ukushushumbiswa Kwezilwane Zasendle - Izitshalo Nezilwane Ezisengozini
Enye yezinkinga zemvelo ezibonwa kuleli ukushushumbiswa kwezilwane ezinjengezinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo ezitholakala emahlathini nasemahlathini, iningi lazo ngokuvamile ezisengozini yokushabalala, okwenza kube nomthelela emvelweni. Lapho izinhlobo ngokuvamile zizingelwa futhi zikhishwe ezindaweni zazo zemvelo ukuze zisetshenziselwe izinjongo zokuhweba.
Ukukhiqiza ukuzingela ngokweqile kwezinhlobo ezingavamile ze-ecosystem yaseVenezuela, ukwenza lesi senzo ngokungemthetho futhi kubangele umthelela ku-ecosystem yasendle futhi kubangele ingozi eqhubekayo, okuletha ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane azikwazi ukuzala futhi Zivame ukufela ekuthunjweni. Okwenezela kulokhu isici sokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokungcoliswa kwemvelo okulimaza indawo yokuhlala yalezi zilwane.
Ukungcola okubonakalayo
Ukungcola kungase kugqame kakhulu njengokuthinteka kwemizimba yamanzi, ukuthinteka komoya kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwenhlabathi, kukhona futhi uhlobo oluthule kakhulu lokungcola okufana nokungcoliswa okubukwayo, kube yisici esithonya ukuma kwedolobha kanye nemvelo efanele. ukweqisa kokukhula kwamadolobha obekukhula futhi kushintsha ukubukeka kwendawo yonke.
Izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu noma indle itholakala ivaliwe noma igcwele udoti ngokuphelele, ingakhuthaza abantu ukuthi balahle udoti wabo noma imfucuza ivamise ukufakwa ezindaweni eziluhlaza, okukhiqiza isethi yezinqubomgomo zokugcina izinto eziqinile zokulawulwa kwemfucuza. Ngale mithethonqubo, kumiswa izilawuli ezikhangisweni ezitholakala kulo lonke idolobha futhi ezibekwe ezindongeni, imihlobiso yodonga enamabhodi amakhulu namapheshana.
Ukungcoliswa komsindo
Olunye uhlobo lokungcola okucashile umsindo omkhulu, lapho izakhamuzi zijwayele lolu hlobo lwendawo ezungezile. Ukuntuleka kwemithethonqubo noma izindinganiso ezilawula umsindo owedlulele, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni, kunomthelela ezinkingeni zemvelo zezwe. Umsindo wezimpondo zezimoto, umsindo ovela ezindaweni zezimboni ngisho nasemakhaya angaphakathi emadolobheni.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile:
Ukubaluleka Kwemfundo Yezemvelo