Sonke siyazi ukuthi iyini intaba-mlilo kanye nemiphumela eyinhlekelele ukuqhuma kwayo okungaba nayo. Maningi amafilimu akhuluma ngale ndaba futhi eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwaba nambalwa acekele phansi izinkulungwane zemizi. Udaka ludla yonke into esendleleni yalo, lucekele phansi zonke izindawo zokuhlala. Sihlala siyihlobanisa noketshezi olubomvu olujiyile olushisa yonke into. Kodwa bewazi yini ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-lava?
Ngakho-ke. I-lava iyahlukahluka kuye ngemvelaphi yayo kanye nendawo ephuma kuyo ngemva kokupholisa, isici okulula ngaso ukunquma ukuthi iluphi uhlobo. Uma ufuna ukwazi ngalesi sihloko, ngincoma ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda. Sizochaza ukuthi yini i-lava nokugeleza kwayo nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona.
Luhlobo luni loketshezi lwe-lava?
Ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-lava, sizoqale sichaze ukuthi luyini lolu ketshezi ukuze siluqonde kangcono. Kuyinqwaba, noma i-magma, yetshe elincibilikisiwe elikhiqizwa ngaphakathi eMhlabeni futhi lifinyelela ebusweni bomhlaba ngokukhuphuka ngentaba-mlilo. Cishe izinhlobo ezimbili ze-lava zingahlukaniswa:
- I-Lava kusuka ku-magma eyisisekelo: Kuyinto eningi kakhulu futhi iqukethe i-silicates enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-iron ne-magnesium.
- I-lava evela ku-acid magma: Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-silicates alolu hlobo lwe-lava acebile nge-potassium ne-sodium.
Lapho uhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-lava, ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nokugeleza. Kuyini lokhu? Kanjalo, Ziyi-lava egeleza phezu komhlaba ngemva kokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, amashubhu e-lava noma amashaneli akhiqizwa, njengoba ukulahlekelwa ukushisa maqondana nomhlabathi kanye nokuxhumana nomkhathi kubangela ukuthi lokhu kugeleza kugcine kuqina. Ngalolu lwazi kungenzeka ukudala ukulingiswa okungenzeka ukuthi ubikezele indlela ezohamba ngayo udaka namuhla. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukulindela ukuthi yiziphi izifunda ezizothinteka futhi uthathe izinyathelo ngesikhathi.
Ukugeleza kwe-lava: Izici
Njengoba kungalindelwa, izici zokugeleza kwe-lava zihlobene ngokuqondile nemininingwane yoketshezi ngokwalo. Nokho, singabala izici ezintathu ezithinta isivinini sokugeleza kwe-lava:
- I-fluidity ye-lava
- I-Viscosity
- Izici ezihlobene nephesenti le-silica
Kuye ngohlobo lwe-lava, ukugeleza okuhambisanayo kuyashintsha. Uma kuwudaka oluwuketshezi oluthe xaxa, ukugeleza okuvela kulo kuvamile ukuba lungabi lukhulu kakhulu futhi lube lukhulu kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, udaka lwentaba-mlilo olugqame kakhulu lubangela ukugeleza kodaka olushubile noluncane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ijubane alincikile kuphela kulezi zinto esisanda kuzibalula, kodwa futhi kusukela emandleni okuxoshwa kwentaba-mlilo kanye nesimo sendawo.
Ngokuvamile, ukwehla kokugeleza kodaka lwentaba-mlilo kuvame ukudlula ngendlela emthambekeni we-volcanic cone. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi ukuqhuma akwenzeki nje emgodini omkhulu wentaba-mlilo, kodwa emifantwini ehlukahlukene ye-cone. Ngenxa yalokho kuvela izigqoko noma amasimu e-lava. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukugeleza kwe-lava eziningana kungakhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, akumele kube khona eyodwa kuphela.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-lava?
Njengoba sishilo phambilini, Izinhlobo ze-lava zihlukaniswa ngokugeleza futhi zincike kakhulu efomini ezithathayo. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini ngezansi.
i-pahoehoe lava iyageleza
Igama elithi "pahoehoe" lisuka ku-Hawaiian futhi lihunyushwa ngokuthi "thambile." Lolu hlobo lwe-lava lwaziwa nangokuthi i-lava enezintambo futhi luyisisekelo. Kuyo kuphuma i-colada cordada noma i-colada pahoehoe. Esimweni esinjalo, ubuso ngokuvamile buba nokubukeka okugoqiwe, okunamagagasi noma okubushelelezi, ifana kakhulu nokuma kwentambo, okuyinikeza igama layo. Lesi sici esihlukanisa lolu hlobo lokugeleza kwe-lava senziwa ngenxa yokunyakaza okushesha kwalolu ketshezi ngaphansi koqweqwe.
i-lava igeleza aa
Futhi igama lalolu hlobo livela ku-Hawaiian futhi lihunyushwa ngokuthi "shisa" noma ngokuthi "itshe eline-lava elibi." Kulokhu, i-lava i-basaltic futhi inikeza indlela kulokho esikwazi njengokugeleza kwe-aa. Lo mfana uma ephola, ithola indawo ehlukanisiwe, exekethile futhi emangelengele. Lesi sici sibangelwa ukuthi udaka olukha phezulu luphola kancane futhi ukucindezela kwalo lubangela ukuba lulahlekelwe amagesi ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngenxa yalokho iyahlakazeka futhi ikhubazeke.
Ngokuvamile I-aa lava igeleza phambili kancane kancane. Ijubane layo libalwe ukuthi liphakathi kwamamitha amahlanu namashumi amahlanu ngehora. Lokho lolu hlobo lwe-lava olufana ngayo ne-pahoehoe lava ukuthi luphuma nama-magmas ayisisekelo anoketshezi oluthile. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukulingisa kokubili kuvame ukwenza amanethiwekhi eziteshi namashubhu.
Vimba ukugeleza kwe-lava
Olunye uhlobo lwe-lava i-block lava. Ibonakala kakhulu ngokusuka ku-intermediate-acid magmas. Ngokuqondene nama-castings ayo, ama-block castings, dala indawo ehlukanisiwe ibe amabhlogo amaningana amakhulu angajwayelekile lapho kuphola. Imiphetho yazo ivamise ukuba yi-angular.
I-lava egobhoziwe iyageleza
Ekugcineni kufanele sigqamise udaka lomcamelo. Lokhu kuvela kumagazini oyisisekelo, nakuba kwezinye izikhathi kuye kwavela ku-intermediate-acid magma. Lolu hlobo lwe-lava luyaqina lapho luhlangana namanzi, okwenza i-colada yayo ehambisanayo enomumo wamaphedi astakiwe futhi ayindilinga (yingakho igama layo). Ukugeleza kwentaba-mlilo yomcamelo kungadalwa ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo engaphansi kwamanzi noma ukugeleza kodaka lwentaba-mlilo ewumhlaba ofinyelela endaweni ethile yasemanzini, njengomfula, ichibi noma ulwandle.
Manje uyazi izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-lava nokugeleza kwazo. Ngethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lube nentshisekelo kuwe.