Kukhona anhlobonhlobo izinhlobo ze-bonsai, izikhathi eziningi, lapho sizibuka, kungase kubonakale sengathi zonke ziyefana noma okungenani zingezohlobo olufanayo, nokho, eqinisweni, lezi zihlahla ezincane zingahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, nakuba ezivame kakhulu yilezi: ngobukhulu bazo nangenxa yokuma kwayo.
Iyini ibhonsai?
I-Bonsai yizihlahla ezincane noma ezincane ezivela engxenyeni esempumalanga yeplanethi. Njengamanje futhi isikhathi eside, le nqubo esetshenziswa engadini ibhekwa njengobuciko, ikakhulukazi eJapane, lapho isidume kakhulu futhi isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izingadi kanye nengaphakathi lamakhaya, amahhovisi noma izakhiwo, ngenxa yezimpawu eziyingqayizivele enazo futhi. lokho kuyenza ikhetheke kakhulu futhi ibe yinhle.
Izici ezenza lezi zihlahla ezincane zikhetheke kakhulu yilezi:
- Bonsai ngokuvamile kutshalwa ezihlukahlukene Izinhlobo zezihlahla noma izihlahlana, nokho, ubukhulu bazo bulawulwa ukuze bukhule bufinyelele ubude obufunayo kuphela.
- Ubukhulu bokugcina besitshalo buncane kakhulu uma buqhathaniswa nesihlahla sokuqala noma isihlahlana.
- Uma lezi zihlahla zitshalwa, kufanele zenziwe ngaphakathi kwamathreyi.
- Ukubukeka nomphumela wokugcina otholiwe kuzoncika kumasu asetshenzisiwe, okumele asetshenziswe ukuze afinyelele ukubonakala kokugcina okufunayo.
Umlando wobuciko be-bonsai
Uma sikhuluma ngalobu buciko obuhle, kufanele sazi ukuthi ineChina njengezwe layo lendabuko, yaqala ukwenziwa kulelo zwe eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili edlule yizindela zamaTao. Lezi zindela zazinenkolelo yokuthi ukuma kwezihlahla kwakumelela ukuhlangana okukhona phakathi kwezulu nomhlaba, ngaphezu kwalokho, zazimelela futhi ukufanekiselwa kwephakade.
Ukwakhiwa kwebhonsai kwaqala ngenhloso yokulahlekelwa ukuhlangana kwalezi zimpawu ezimbili nokudala isitshalo esihle esingaba ukumelela okuphelele kwalezo zihlahla ezinkulu nezinhle, kodwa esikhundleni sokuba zibe zikhulu kakhulu, zizoba ikhophi encane efanayo. .
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube manje, ubuciko bokukhula kwe-bonsai buye busakazeka kangangokuthi, namuhla, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zazo, zamasu okulima kuzo kanye namafomu anganikezwa wona, yingakho manje akha ingxenye ebalulekile ye Flora we planethi.
Izinhlobo ze-bonsai ezikhona kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwazo
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezikhona zebhonsai, nokho, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwazo kuhluke kakhulu, nakuba kukhona ezimbili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ezivame kakhulu: Izinhlobo zebhonsai ngosayizi wazo kanye nezinhlobo zebhonsai ngokusho. noma isitayela.
Namuhla sizofunda ngalezi zigaba ezimbili ezibalulekile zalezi zihlahla ezinhle ezibhekwa njenge izitshalo zokuhlobisa.
Izinhlobo ze-bonsai ngokuya ngosayizi wazo
Kunezinhlobo ezingu-7 zebhonsai ezihlukaniswa ngosayizi wazo. Lezi zinhlobo ze-bonsai namagama azo:
- Hachi-uye
- umona
- UChumono
- Kotate Mochi noma Komono
- UShohin
- umama
- I-Keshitsubu noma i-Shito
Bonsai Hachi-Uye
Lezi zibhekwa njenge-bonsai enkulu kunazo zonke. Ngokuvamile, lezi zifinyelela ubude obungaphezu kwamamitha angu-1,30 ukuphakama, yingakho zimangalisa kakhulu. I-Hachi-Uye bonsai ibilokhu iyivelakancane, ngenxa yokuthi zibiza kangakanani nokuthi kuyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani ukuyigcina, ngoba inqubo esetshenziselwa lolu hlobo lwebhonsai idinga umzamo omkhulu nomsebenzi omningi, lokhu ngenxa yayo. usayizi omkhulu.
Omono Bonsai
Lolu hlobo lwebhonsai lunosayizi olinganiselwa phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-60 no-120, yingakho lufana kakhulu nezinye izihlahla esingazithola emapaki, izikwele noma izingadi ezithile. Ubukhulu bawo obukhulu bubenza bathandeke kakhulu njengoba begqama kwamanye amabhonsai amaningi, ngakho-ke, asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-patio, ikakhulukazi abekwa eminyango noma eminyango njengama-flankers.
Bonsai Chumono
Lezi sezivele ziqala ukuba zincane, zilinganisa phakathi kwamasentimitha angu-30 ubude namasentimitha angu-60, i-Chumono bonsai, naphezu kokuthi mancane, awavamile kakhulu, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, naphezu kwakho konke, ukutotoswa. , kuseyizihlahla ezisindayo nezinkulu. Ngisho nokwazi ukutholakala kwabo, akuzona i-bonsai ebiza kakhulu, okungenani hhayi kakhulu njengezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu. Angatholakala ukudayiswa, kulezo zitolo ezisebenza ngalolu hlobo lwezihlahla.
I-Komono Bonsai
Lezi bhonsai nazo zithola igama elithi "Kotate Mochi", lolu hlobo lungafinyelela phakathi kwamasentimitha angu-15 no-31 ukuphakama. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo kulula kakhulu ukuba nazo ekhaya, njengoba ukugcinwa kwayo akuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuma kwayo okuvamile kufana kakhulu nemithi etholakala phakathi kwamahlathi anamaqabunga noma eyaziwa nangokuthi isitayela se-fukinagashi.
Shohin Bonsai
Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu nolwaziwayo lwebhonsai, ubukhulu balo buphakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-15 no-25 ukuphakama, ngoba mancane kakhulu, ukuthandwa kwawo kuphakeme kakhulu futhi kulula kakhulu ukukugcina, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu. ubukhulu nesisindo.
I-Shohin ayidingi isikhathi esiningi sokugcinwa kwayo, njengoba amakhulu enza, ngaphezu kwalokhu, inqubo yabo ilula kakhulu, ngoba ngisho nezincane ziyinkimbinkimbi kumasu amakhulu kakhulu kunalolu hlobo.
Bonsai Mame kanye Shito
Uma sikhuluma nge-Mame bonsai, sikhuluma ngesihlahla esincane esingakhula sibe ngamasentimitha angu-15, ngokuphambene ne-Shito noma i-Keshitsubu bonsai, engaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-5 ubude. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane kanye nokuhamba kalula, lolu hlobo lwebhonsai lunezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lapho lezi zihlwanyelwe, imbewu yazo kufanele ifakwe ngqo ebhodweni elincane futhi ukuthenwa kwabo kuzoqala ngokushesha nje lapho isithombo siqala ukukhula.
Izinhlobo ze-bonsai ngokuya ngokuma kwazo noma isitayela
Manje, sesizokwazi izinhlobo ze-bonsai ezihlukaniswa ngokuya ngesimo noma isitayela abanaso. Izinhlobo zalezi yilezi:
- I-Chokkan
- Moyogi
- I-Shakan
- UHokidachi
- ISokan
- fukinagashi
- IKenya
- UHan Kengai
- I-Bunjin
- ishitsuki
- Ne Agari
- awu
Isitayela se-Chokkan bonsai
Isitayela salolu hlobo lwebhonsai sibhekwa njengesisemthethweni kunazo zonke izitayela ze-bonsai art. Kulolu hlobo lwesitayela, into evame kakhulu ukuzama ukwenza isiqu somuthi siqonde ngokuphelele futhi isimo saso sibe yi-cylindrical, ngakolunye uhlangothi, amagatsha aso kufanele ashintshwe ohlangothini ngalunye lwaso, kufanele abe nawo. ukujula phakathi kwabo ngokwabo kanye nebanga elibahlukanisayo komunye nomunye, kufanele kuncishiswe njengoba besondela phezulu kwebhonsai.
Bonsai Moyogui or Moyogi style
Lesi sitayela sebhonsai sivame ukwaziwa ngegama elithi "isitayela esiqondile esingahlelekile", ngaphakathi kwalolu hlobo lwesitayela inhloso ukwenza isiqu sesihlahla sijike kunoma iyiphi yezimbazo ezintathu ezaziwayo, amagatsha awo, ashintshaniswa kuwo. emaceleni, kufanele aphume emikhawulweni ye-trunk. Njengesitayela sangaphambilini, amagatsha alesi sitayela ajulile, futhi ibanga lizoncishiswa njengoba lifinyelela phezulu.
Lesi esinye sezitayela ezivame ukusetshenziswa yilabo abaqala ubuciko be-bonsai, okungukuthi, phakathi kwabaqalayo noma abaqalayo.
Isitayela se-Shakan bonsai
Lokhu kufana kakhulu nesitayela seChokkan, nakuba kulokhu, isiqu saso sikhula siqonde, sithambekele maqondana nomhlabathi, yingakho saziwa ngokuthi "isitayela esithambekele". Ngokuvamile, lesi sitayela sibhekwa ikakhulukazi ku-pine bonsai noma zonke ze-coniferous genus, izinyawo ziphelele ukuthuthukisa ubuhle balesi sitayela esiyingqayizivele.
Isitayela se-hokidachi bonsai
Eyaziwa ngegama elithi "isambulela noma umshanelo", lesi sitayela se-bonsai sizama ukwenza isiqongo somuthi sibe nesimo futhi sibe nesihlahla kangangokuthi sifana nesambulela sangempela. Enye yezidingo okufanele ihlangabezane nalesi sitayela ukuthi ukuma kufana nokuthi amaqabunga awo acishe amboze wonke amagatsha esihlahla. Kwezinye izimo, ubukhulu bedome lale bonsai ngokuvamile buba banzi kunobukhulu bebhodwe labo.
I-bonsai yesitayela se-Sokan noma i-Sankan
Igama lalesi sitayela liyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi inani "izihlahla" ezakha isithombe sale bonsai. Uma kukhona ababili, kuyothiwa Sokan, kodwa uma kukhona ezintathu, kuyothiwa Sankan. Iqiniso lalezi zihlahla ukuthi nakuba zibukeka njengemibili noma emithathu, zonke ziyingxenye yesihlahla esisodwa, okuhlukile ngalezi ukuthi zinendlela yokuphuma ehlukaniswe endaweni ephansi, okwenza yona ngokwayo ibe neziqu eziningana, okwenza kubonakale sengathi bekuyizihlahla ezihlukene ezibekwe ebhodweni elilodwa.
Isitayela se-Fukinagashi bonsai
Lesi sitayela sinegama lesibili elingavamile, "isitayela sokushaywa umoya", sithola leli gama ngenxa yesimo esinaso nokuthi sifana nesihlahla esishaywa umoya wasebusika. Ngokuvamile, lezo zihlahla ezikhula ezindaweni lapho imimoya inamandla impela, zivame ukuba nesiqu esithambekele, ezinye ngisho, ekuphakameni okuthile, ukukhula kwazo kwenziwa ngokuvundlile esikhundleni sokubheka phezulu.
Izitayela ze-Bonsai Kengai ne-Han Kengai
Lezi bhonsai zinokufana okuthile nesitayela sangaphambili esishiwo, lapho sikhuluma ngesitayela se-Kengai, eyaziwa nangokuthi isitayela se-waterfall, sikhuluma ngalezo zihlahla ezikhula ngokuthambekela okuhlanekezelwe, okungukuthi, zikhuphuka, amagatsha azo aphansi kakhulu. futhi kwezinye izimo, baswele izinkomishi.
Manje uma sikhuluma ngesitayela se-Han kengai noma isitayela se-semi cascade, sisho isitayela esehlelayo esingaphansi kakhulu, sihlangabezana nokukhushulwa okwengeziwe futhi okufanayo uma ungumnikazi waphezulu.
I-bonsai yesitayela se-Bunjin noma i-bunjingi
Eyaziwa ngokuthi "isitayela se-literati", ibonakala ngokuba nesiqu esingenalutho futhi esisontekile. Lolu hlobo lwebhonsai luwumfanekiso ophelele wefilosofi edumile ye-minimalism izindela zamaBuddha ezazizama ukuyifinyelela, ngoba lesi sihlahla esincane sibhekwa njengesihlahla esiyisisekelo esingenalutho ngaphezu kwalokho okudingekayo kuso, ngisho nesitayela saso siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. noma ekhanyayo.
Ishitsuki style bonsai
Lesi isitayela esiyingqayizivele ngempela, esigqanyiswa ngokuba nesihlahla esimila edwaleni, yebo simila edwaleni ngempela. Izimpande zalesi sihlahla ziyadalulwa futhi uyabona ukuthi zehla kanjani edwaleni zize zifike phansi lapho zicwila khona ukuze zimunce zonke izakhi ezidingekayo ukuze zikhule kahle futhi zikhule.
Isitayela se-bonsai i-Ne Agari noma i-neagari
Lesi sitayela sibonakala ngokususwa kwengxenye ye-substrate lapho isihlahla sikhule khona, lokhu kwenziwa njengoba i-bonsai ikhula. Isizathu esenza lokhu kwenziwe ukuthi ingxenye yezimpande zawo zivele obala futhi kubonakale sengathi kwakuyidwala elincane lapho isihlahla sigxunyekwe khona. Ngokuvamile, lesi sitayela sivame ukusetshenziswa kumaphayini nama-azaleas, njengoba siwenza abukeke emuhle kakhulu.
Isitayela se-Bonsai Yose Ue
Eyaziwa nangokuthi isitayela sasehlathini, isithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi kuyo, izihlahla ezihlukahlukene kodwa ezingavamile zohlobo olufanayo zibekwe ezinobukhulu obuhlukene futhi ubukhulu bazo abufani, ngale ndlela, kuyazanywa ukwenza kabusha isithombe se ihlathi elincane noma indawo yemvelo in miniature. Isitayela esidumile ikakhulukazi salabo bantu abathanda ingadi yangaphandle nalabo abathanda ukubona lolu hlobo lwendawo kodwa abakwazi ukuba nalo eduze.
Ukunakekelwa okufanele kuthathwe nazo zonke izinhlobo ze-bonsai
Lapho abantu beqala ukucabanga ngokuba ne-bonsai ekhaya, enye yezinto zokuqala abacabanga ngayo ukunakekelwa abakudingayo, ngaphezu kombuzo ovame kakhulu ukuthi, uyini umanyolo ofanele walezi zihlahla ezincane? Okufanele ukwazi ukuthi umanyolo ofanele kubo yilowo ophilayo futhi oqinile, okungukuthi, lowo owenziwe ngobhontshisi wesoya, wethambo noma wegazi. Ngamafuphi, umanyolo ophelele walezi zitshalo ezikhethekile kufanele ube nezici ezilandelayo:
- I-nitrogen.
- Fanisa.
- Potassium.
Kunini lapho kufaneleka khona ukuvundisa ibhonsai?
- Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwawo nangesikhathi lapho amahlumela awo eqala ukuvela futhi avele, okungukuthi, phakathi nezinkathi zasentwasahlobo nasekwindla.
- Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ngomanyolo owuketshezi onamakhemikhali. Ukuze usebenzise lezi, kufanele uqale waziswe ngokufanele mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwazo futhi ulandele incwadi yonke imiyalelo efika kuyo noma ozokunikeza uchwepheshe wokunakekelwa kwe-bonsai.
- Kunconywa ukuthi uyeke ukuvundisa lapho i-bonsai isisesigabeni sayo sokuphumula semifino, kuphela uma isendlini, uma ingaphandle, kufanele iqhubeke nokuvundiswa kahle.
- Uma isitshalo sigula noma sibuthakathaka nganoma yisiphi isici, kunconywa ukuthi ukuvundiswa kumiswe kuze kube yilapho silulama.
- Uma ibhonsai itshalwe kabusha noma isithenwe, kufanele ulinde okungenani izinsuku ezingama-30 ukuze ukwazi ukuyikhokha futhi.
- Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ezinye izakhi ukuze ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo kube ngcono futhi kuphelele kakhulu. Lezi zakhi ezengeziwe zingaba: insimbi, i-zinc, ithusi, i-boron, i-manganese, i-chlorine, i-molybdenum, i-calcium, isulfure ne-magnesium. Endabeni yalezi zintathu zokugcina, ziyadingeka ngamanani amakhulu kunezinye izakhi ezishiwo, ngoba zibhekwa njengama-macronutrients, ngokuphambene nokunye okuwela esigabeni sama-micronutrients.
I-bonsai itshalwa nini?
Izimo ezithile kufanele zihlangatshezwe ukuze i-bonsai itshalwe kabusha. Le mibandela yilezi:
- Lapho umhlaba uphela njalo eminyakeni emi-2 noma emi-XNUMX
- Lapho isikhala ebhodweni siminyene kakhulu. Lokhu kuzoncika kuhlobo ngalunye lwebhonsai kanye nebhodwe etholakala kulo.
Yini okufanele yenziwe lapho uyitshala kabusha?
1. Izimpande namagatsha esihlahla kumele kuthenwe ukuze kulingane.
2. Kufanele kwenziwe lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, yisikhathi esifanele lapho imiqumbe yayo isivele ihlumile kodwa ingakavulwa noma ingakaqhakazi, kuye ngohlobo lwebhonsai.
Kunconywa ukuthi uhlale uye kuchwepheshe noma uchwepheshe we-bonsai ukuze akwazi ukukuqondisa futhi akutshele ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze kanye nesikhathi esifanele sokukwenza, ngoba khumbula ukuthi, njenganoma yikuphi ubuciko, ukutshalwa kwebhonsai kudinga amasu. kanye namagilebhisi omisiwe ukulandela ukuze kwenziwe ngendlela efanele, ngaphandle kwalokho, singawulimaza noma sibe nomthelela ekukhuleni kwawo noma ukukhula kwawo kwemvelo.