Ithempeli lasendulo lamaGreki lingesinye sezakhiwo ezivelele kakhulu zaseGreece Yasendulo. Ukubukeka okuhlaba umxhwele nokuyinkimbinkimbi kokwakhiwa kwayo kuwubufakazi bekhono nethalente labadwebi bezakhiwo nabakhi abangamaGreki. Ithempeli ngalinye lihlukile, linezici ezithile zezakhiwo ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze zakhe isakhiwo esivumelanayo nesinomusa. Noma kunjalo, kunezici ezithile eziphindaphindwayo kuzo zonke. Futhi lezi zingxenye zethempeli lamaGreki esizokhuluma ngazo kulesi sihloko.
Uma uke wavakashela lezi zakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu, ngokuqinisekile uyobe ukubonile ukufana okuthile phakathi kwazo. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngezingxenye zethempeli lamaGreki, ngincoma ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda. Sizohlola izingxenye nezakhi ezakha ithempeli lamaGreki futhi sizohlaziya incazelo yayo nokubaluleka kwayo emasikweni nasenkolweni yaseGreece Yasendulo.
Ithempeli lamaGreki linaluphi uhlobo lwesakhiwo?
Ithempeli lasendulo lamaGreki libonakala ngokuba nesakhiwo esingunxande futhi esilinganayo, yakhiwe i-pediment engunxantathu ekugcineni ngayinye esekelwe amakholomu. Iningi lalezi zakhiwo linezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-pronao noma uvulandi wangaphambili, i-naos noma i-cella, okuyigumbi elingaphakathi lapho kutholakala khona umfanekiso kankulunkulu onikezelwe kuye ithempeli, kanye ne- opistodomos, okuyikamelo elingemuva. .ebesebenza njengendawo yengcebo noma indawo yokugcina izinto. I izakhiwo zamaGreki Ibuye ibonakale ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinjengamakholomu, izihloko, amafriezes nama-pediments asetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa nokuhlobisa izakhiwo.
Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwalezi zakhiwo, zaziyindawo engcwele lapho kwakwenzelwa khona imikhosi yenkolo futhi kwakuhlonishwa onkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi bezinganekwane zamaGreki. Amathempeli ayebhekwa njengendawo yokuhlala yonkulunkulu futhi ayakhelwe ukuhlonipha nokukhulekela unkulunkulu othile. Ayesebenza futhi njengezindawo zokukhulekela nokuthandazela abathembekile ababefika bezokhulekela onkulunkulu, benze iminikelo futhi bafune umusa kubo.
Futhi, amathempeli nawo asetshenziswa njengezikhungo zemihlangano nezokufundisa. Ifilosofi, ipolitiki kanye nezinye iziyalo zafundiswa kuzo. Ukwakhiwa kwamathempeli kwakuwumbukiso womcebo namandla ombuso wedolobha, futhi kwabonakala njengendlela yokuthola umusa waphezulu nokuvikelwa komphakathi.
Ukubaluleka konkulunkulu eGrisi lasendulo
Onkulunkulu babebaluleke kakhulu enkolweni namasiko eGreece Lasendulo. AmaGreki ayekholelwa ukuthi onkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi babelawula izici ezibalulekile zokuphila komuntu, njengempi, uthando, inzalo, isimo sezulu nokufa. Ngakho-ke, onkulunkulu babekhulekelwa futhi bahlonishwe njengezidalwa zaphezulu ezikwazi ukunikeza abantu izibusiso, isivikelo nenhlanhla.
Futhi, inkolo kanye nezinganekwane zamaGreki zazisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izenzakalo zemvelo nezenzakalo zomlando, kanye nokudlulisa izindinganiso zokuziphatha nezenhlalo. Izindaba zezinganekwane zonkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi bamaGreki zazixoxwa ngezinganekwane, izinkondlo, namadrama asesiteji, futhi zazivame ukusetshenziswa ukuze kufanekiswe izimfundiso ezibalulekile ngokuziphatha komuntu nezimfanelo ezinhle njengesibindi, ubulungisa, ukuhlakanipha nokuthobeka.
Ukubaluleka konkulunkulu Kwabonakala nasekwakhiweni kweGreece nezobuciko, lapho onkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi babemelelwe khona emidwebeni, ezithombeni naseziqoshweni. Amathempeli nezindawo ezingcwele zazakhiwe ngenjongo yokudumisa onkulunkulu futhi zazisetshenziselwa ukukhulekela nokwenza iminikelo.
Ziyini futhi yiziphi izakhi ezakha ithempeli lamaGreki?
Manje njengoba sesazi okwengeziwe ngalezi zakhiwo, ake sibone ukuthi ziyini izingxenye zethempeli lamaGreki. Njengoba sesishilo ngenhla, Ziyizakhiwo zezakhiwo ezihlanganisa izakhi eziningana eziphindaphindiwe ezakhiweni ezahlukene.. Izingxenye ezintathu ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi eziphawulekayo yilezi ezilandelayo:
- I-pronaos noma i-portico yangaphambili: Kungumnyango wethempeli, ohlanganisa uvulandi onezinsika ezinikeza ukufinyelela kuma-naos. Izivakashi ezingena ethempelini ziqale zidlule ezindlini ze-pronaos ngaphambi kokungena ehholo elikhulu.
- I-naos noma i-cella: Yikamelo elingaphakathi lapho okukhona khona umfanekiso kankulunkulu ithempeli elinikezelwe kuye. I-naos iyindawo engcwele kakhulu ethempelini futhi ngokuvamile ngabapristi kuphela ababengena kuyo. Yayingase futhi ibe ne-altare lapho kwakwenzelwa khona imihlatshelo neminikelo.
- I-Opisthodomos: Liyikamelo lakamuva elalisebenza njengengcebo noma indawo yokugcina izimpahla lapho iminikelo nengcebo yethempeli kwakugcinwa khona. Yayisetshenziswa futhi njengendawo yokugcina imibhalo ebalulekile nemibhalo ehlobene nethempeli kanye nokuphathwa kwalo.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zici ezintathu esisanda kuzibalula, kunezinye izingxenye zethempeli lamaGreki okufanele ziphawulwe:
- I-pediment: Kungunxantathu otholakala phezulu kwethempeli, obekwe ekupheleni kophahla futhi usekelwa izinsika. I-pediment isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa nokuhlobisa ithempeli, futhi ngokuvamile iqukethe izithombe ezibonisa izigcawu zezinganekwane.
- I-frieze: Kuyibhande elivundlile elitholakala phezulu kwamakholomu, ngaphansi nje kosilingi. Amafrieze ngokuvamile anezithombe eziqoshiwe ezibonisa izigcawu ezivela kuzinganekwane zamaGreki.
- Amakholomu: Ziyizakhi zesakhiwo ezime mpo ezisekela uphahla lwethempeli. Amakholomu abekwe ngaphambili nangemuva kwethempeli futhi eduze nezinhlangothi.
- I-Entablature: Kuyinto evundlile etholakala ngaphezu kwamakholomu nangaphansi kophahla. Yakhiwa i-architrave, i-frieze kanye ne-cornice.
- Uphahla: Kuyisakhiwo esingunxantathu esitholakala engxenyeni engenhla yethempeli futhi esisekelwa yizicucu.
Zonke lezi zakhi zisebenza ndawonye ukudala ukubukeka okuhlukile nokunhle kwethempeli lesiGreki lakudala. Lezi zakhiwo ngokuvamile zazakhiwe ngezinga eliphezulu lokulinganisa nokuvumelana, okuzinikeze ukubukeka okuyingqayizivele kobuhle.
Futhi ucabangani ngalezi zakhiwo ezimangalisayo ezivela eGreece Yasendulo?