I-Mosque yaseCordoba ingesinye sezikhumbuzo zezakhiwo iningi elivakashelwe e-Andalusia ngisho naseSpain. Ingcebo yayo enkulu yobuciko kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezakhiwo, nawo wonke umlando oqukethwe ezindongeni zayo, kuyenza ibe yindawo ebalulekile futhi omunye wabameleli ababaluleke kakhulu bobuciko bamaSulumane.
Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi mayelana izingxenye zeMosque yaseCordoba, lapha siyakutshela.
Indawo yamanje ye-Mosque yase-Córdoba ibilokhu ezinikezelwe ezinkolweni ezahlukene amakhulu eminyaka. Ngaphansi kwamaVisigoths i-Basilica yaseSan Vicente yakhiwa futhi i-mosque yokuqala yakhiwa phezu kwayo. Ngaleso sikhathi, indawo yabelwa isikhathi eside Muslim kanye namaKrestu kwaze kwavela amaMuslim amaningi endaweni. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho yatholwa khona Abderraman I, owayala ukwakhiwa kwe uphawu mosque njengendawo eyinhloko yokukhulekela edolobheni.
Njengamanje, izakhi eziningi ze-Visigothic zesakhiwo zifakwe engxenyeni ye-mosque yokuqala yase-Abderraman I.
Izingxenye ze-Mosque yaseCordoba
I-Mosque yase-Córdoba njengamanje inezindawo ezimbili ezihlukene: igceke le-arcade elibizwa ngokuthi. Igceke lezihlahla ezingamawolintshi, ikuphi i-minaret, negumbi elingaphakathi elinikezelwe umthandazo.
Indawo yangaphakathi ihlukaniswe yaba izikhala ezihlukene, ezihambisana nezandiso ezenziwe eminyakeni edlule. Singathola lezi zindawo ezilandelayo: Abderraman I Mosque, First Extension, Second Extension, Third Extension and Cathedral. Singaqokomisa futhi imibhoshongo kusukela esikhathini sika-Abderraman III.
Ingxenye lapho i-mosque-cathedral yamanje ihlukaniswe khona ihlobene ngqo nomlando we-mosque uqobo, njengoba siqala ngohlu lozalo luka-Umayyad luka-Abderraman I, bese kuba u-Abderraman II (isandiso sokuqala), u-Abderraman III (minaret), u-Al Haken. II (isandiso sesibili), i-Almanzor (isandiso sesithathu); Ekugcineni i-cathedral yakhiwa ngo-1146.
Igceke lesihlahla sewolintshi
Ukucushwa kwamanje kwePatio de los Naranjos kuhambisana no-1597, lapho uMbhishobhi uReinoso, kanye nomakhi uHernán Ruiz, behlongoza ukuklanywa kwengadi yegceke, lesi isici esingasijabulela namuhla.
Kodwa ama-patio ayengenjalo njalo. Ngezikhathi zamaSulumane, yayisetshenziswa njengendawo yokwenza imisebenzi yomphakathi njengokufundisa noma ukuphatha ubulungiswa.. Igalari iqala ukwakhiwa ngaphansi kwegunya lika-Abderraman I futhi iphetha ngo-Hixem I. Ibizwa Igceke lezihlahla ezingamawolintshi ngoba ukuba khona kwalezi zihlahla kwaziwa kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nanhlanu. Kamuva kwenezelwa imisayipuresi neminqumo.
Abderraman I Mosque
Lokhu enye yezindawo ezifanekisela kakhulu i-Mosque yaseCordoba. I-horseshoe arch yayingenye yezinto ezintsha zika-Abderraman I, nakuba osonhlamvukazi nemiphini yomdabu waseVisigoth noma wamaRoma kwaphinde kwasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo.
Le mosque yokuqala kanye nezandiso ezilandelayo ziqondiswe ngokumangalisayo eningizimu. Lokhu kungachazwa ngesimo esinesihlabathi soMfula iGuadalquivir, okungenzeka kwenze indlela yakudala eya eMecca ingenzeki. Amakhothamo e-Horseshoe abe uphawu lwezakhiwo zamaSulumane, futhi kulesi sifunda ayemade ngokuphindwe kabili. Zakhiwe ngamatshe nezitini, okuyinikeza uhlamvu olunemibala emibili yendawo.
U-Abderraman I walandelwa u-Hixem I, owakha i-minaret yokuqala ye-Mosque yase-Córdoba, eyayinohlelo olunezinhlangothi ezine. Ukwakhiwa kwegalari ye-patio nakho kuthiwa kuye, umsebenzi wakhe, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, wawungumthandazo wabesifazane.
Ukwandiswa kwezingxenye zeMosque yaseCórdoba
Ukwandiswa kokuqala
Ngokufika kuka-Abderraman II, saba nokwanda kwesibili ngo-822. Ihholo lomkhuleko linwetshiwe laba yizigaba eziyisishiyagalombili futhi lifaka imihlobiso ethonywe yi-Abbasid. Esandisweni sokuqala, eminye imininingwane yengeziwe, njengegumbi lomcebo noma umgwaqo oyimfihlo oxhuma i-Mihrab ne-Alcázar ye-Caliphate yase-Córdoba.
Isandiso sesibili
U-Abderraman III waba yi-caliph ngonyaka ka-929, futhi ukukhombisa amandla ombuso wamaSulumane eNtshonalanga, wakhulisa igceke futhi wakha i-minaret entsha, eyokuqala kule ngxenye yomhlaba. Umbusi wabuye wathatha isibopho sakhe sokubeka ikhothamo elikhulu elimise okwesicathulo sehhashi emnyango omkhulu wethempeli.
Kamuva, ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Al Hakem II, i-mosque yanezelwa kwezinye izigaba eziyishumi nambili, ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelela ekwandiseni kwayo kwamanje. Izinto ezisetshenziselwa lesi sandiso ziyimabula eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nepinki. Ekupheleni kwesakhiwo kukhona i-mihrab, okuyindawo yokukhuleka. Inezindonga ezimbili, eziqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo siqine ngokwanele.
Lapho kwakhiwa lesi sandiso, kwakudingeka ukukhanya okwengeziwe, ngakho kwakhiwa uchungechunge lwamapulangwe akhiwe ngezimbambo ezinkulu. Lolu hlobo lwe-vault, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-caliphal ribbed vault, yaba nethonya elicacile kubuciko be-Mudejar. Lena enye indawo emele kakhulu yesakhiwo, nakuba ingafinyeleli ubukhulu bomnsalo we-bicolor. I-mihrab inohlelo lwe-octagonal, olufakwe uhlaka lwedome elikhulu elimise okwegobolondo le-pilgrim.
ukukhuliswa kwesithathu
Ukunwetshwa kokugcina kweMosque yaseCórdoba kwenziwa yi-Almanzor ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. Ngenxa yokuwa okuseduze kwe-caliphate, izinto ezisetshenziswa lapha ezekhwalithi ephansi kunezandiso zangaphambilini. I-Almanzor yakha amanye ama-nave angu-8 e-mosque, kodwa ngenxa yokuba seduze kwayo ayizange ibhekane nomfula (njengoba kwenza owamanduleli wakhe), kodwa wawakha ngasempumalanga.
I-Cathedral
Phakathi nokubusa kukaCharles V, isonto lombhishobhi lakhiwa endaweni yamaSulumane yangekhulu le-XNUMX. NguMbhishobhi Manrique owazwakalisa isifiso sakhe sokwenza lo msebenzi. Ukwenza lokhu, bagcina ukunwetshwa kwe-Alhaken II kuqinile, bakha isonto lombhishobhi ngaphakathi kwe-mosque, isakhiwo sayo Isitayela se-Gothic, kodwa futhi nezici ze-baroque yasekuqaleni.
Umakhi uHernán Ruiz wayephethe ukwenziwa komsebenzi, futhi ngemva kokushona komklami wezakhiwo, indodana yakhe futhi kamuva nomshana wakhe baqhubeka nokwakha. Cishe isineminyaka engamakhulu amabili ubudala futhi inamavawuli e-Gothic, izici zoqobo zeBaroque kanye nezindlu zesitayela seRenaissance..
Ipulani yaphansi yesonto lombhishobhi isiphambano sesiLatini, ngaphakathi sithola namapulpiti ezungezwe uMiguel Verdiguer, aqoshwe nge-mahogany nemabula. I-Treasury ingelinye igugu elimangalisayo lalesi sakhiwo, elenziwe ngesiliva nezinyo lendlovu kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX kuya kwelama-XNUMX.. Kuyiqoqo elimangalisayo, futhi lapha sithola ucezu oluhle kakhulu: iCorpus Christi, eyenziwe ngekhulu le-XNUMX ngu-Enrique de Arfe.
Ngakho uma uhlela ukuvakashela e-Córdoba, lolu lwazi lungase lube usizo uma ubona iMosque.