Minyaka yonke, umphakathi wamaSulumane emhlabeni jikelele ugubha iRamadan, elinye lamaholide abaluleke kakhulu enkolo yamaSulumane. Kulo nyaka ka-2022, kwaqala ngenyanga yokuvulwa, nakuba kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuwona wonke unyaka ugujwa ngezinsuku ezifanayo, ngoba lokhu kuncike kakhulu kumjikelezo wenyanga. Engosini yanamuhla sizokhuluma ngokuthi iyini i-Ri-amadan, lapho igujwa, yimiphi imithetho elandelwayo, nokunye okuningi okuthakazelisayo mayelana nalo mkhosi.
Inyanga eqala ngayo iRamadan iyisikhathi esikhetheke kakhulu ezigidini zabantu abalandela uchungechunge lweziqondiso ezihlanganisa ukholo namasiko esiko labo. Ukubonakala kwenyanga ecwebezelayo kubonisa usuku lokuqala olusemthethweni lweRamadan, inyanga yesishiyagalolunye yekhalenda lamaSulumane futhi kubo ingcwele kakhulu.
Ukwazi umsuka Ramadan
Okokuqala, sifuna ukuveza ukuthi ukuqala kweRamadan, njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, kuyashintsha njalo ngonyaka kusukela ikhalenda yenyanga yamaSulumane ibheka izigaba zalokhu. Kokubili ukuqala kwayo nesiphetho sayo kuzobonakala ngokubonwa kwenyanga eSaudi Arabia.
Umsuka walo mkhosi wawuvele uyingxenye yamakhalenda ama-Arab asendulo atholakala kuwo wonke umlando. Igama livela empandeni yesi-Arabhu ethi "ar-ramad", okusho ukuthi "ukushisa okushisayo".
Umphakathi wamaSulumane utshela futhi ukholelwa ukuthi ngo-610 AD, umfanekiso wengelosi uGabriyeli wethulwa kumprofethi wakhe, uMohammed, ukuze embule iKoran. Kulabo abangayazi ukuthi iyini iKoran, iyincwadi engcwele yabalandeli bamaSulumane. Lesi sibonakaliso nesambulo esikuchazele sona kukholakala ukuthi senzeke ngesikhathi seRamadan.
Le ncwadi engcwele esixoxe ngayo inezahluko ezingu-144 sezizonke. Le mibhalo ebhaliwe kukholakala ukuthi ingamazwi akhulunywa nguNkulunkulu noma u-Allah. Ezinye izinhlobo zemibhalo zihambisana neKoran njengemicabango noma amazwi ashiwo umprofethi wakhe uMohammed.
Igujwa nini iRamadan?
Lapho i- Inyanga yeRamadan kumaSulumane akusona nje isikhathi sokuzila ukudla, kodwa kwabaningi iyinkathi yesikhathi lapho ingokomoya iphilwa ngokugcwele, lapho kumenywa khona ukuzindla, umthandazo kanye nomhlatshelo wokungadli ukudla. Lezi zenzo ziyindlela yokuvuselela ukholo lwabo nokusondela kunkulunkulu wabo u-Ala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho esesikubalulile, futhi yisikhathi lapho imindeni ihlangana ndawonye futhi ijabule njengoba, ngalesi sikhathi, izibopho zomndeni, ubungane futhi ikakhulukazi nomphakathi wamaSulumane ziyaqiniswa. Kunezinsika ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zamaSulumane, okufanele zihambisane nazo: umuzwa wokholo, umkhuba wokuthandaza, ukwabelana ingcebo nalabo abayidinga kakhulu, uhambo lokuya eMecca naseRamadan.
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni kokushicilelwa, IRamadan igujwa ngenyanga yesishiyagalolunye ngokwekhalenda lamaSulumane, okuthi njengoba sesishilo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomjikelezo olandelwa yinyanga. Kulo nyaka bekugujwa ngezinyanga zokuvula noMeyi.
Imayelana nani iRamadan?
Ngamaviki eRamadan, umphakathi wamaSulumane awugcini nje ngokukhula ngokomoya ngokwakho, kodwa ubuhlobo nonkulunkulu wabo buba namandla kakhulu. Ukulandela iRamadan ngendlela efanele, kufanele kulandelwe uchungechunge lweziqondiso okufanele zilandelwe ngokuqinile.
Ukuzila ukudla, kumele kwenziwe phakathi kokuphuma nokushona kwelanga, lokhu kuyimpoqo kuwo wonke amaSulumane; Abantu abagulayo, abakhulelwe, asebekhulile noma abancane abafakwa. Ukuzila ukudla kumele kuqine futhi uma sithi kuqinile yingoba awukwazi ngisho ukuphuza amanzi ngesikhathi sokwenza lokhu kuze kuphele ukushona kwelanga.
Izikhathi lapho bengahlala etafuleni badle, kuba a ithuba lokuthi wonke amalungu omndeni ahlangane ndawonye futhi aphule inzilo ndawonye.
Lapho ukuphela kweRamadan kufika, amaSulumane ayigubha nge-Eid al-Fitr, noma yini efanayo, idili lokuhlephula inzilo., eqala ngomthandazo ekuseni. Ezinsukwini okuhlala kuzo lo mkhosi, abalandeli bakaRamadan bayahlangana ukuze bathandaze, badle, banikezane imininingwane futhi bahloniphe abantu abangasekho phakathi kwabo.
Into engenakuphikwa, ngu imizwelo nesiko umphakathi wamaSulumane olubeka kulo mzuzu obaluleke kakhulu kubo.
Yini edliwayo eRamadan?
Phakathi neRamadan, ukudla okubili okuhlukene kwenzeka, enye yazo i-suhoor kanti enye i-iftar.. Esokuqala senzeka ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga. Kwenziwa idili lokudla ukuze kushweshwe indlala usuku lonke. Kunconywa ukuthi udle i-suhoor amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga. Ngalesi sikhathi, izitsha ezinamaphrotheni, ushukela noma ukudla okusuthisayo kuvame ukuphekwa, ngoba kuzoba yinto yokugcina abayidla usuku lonke.
Ngemva kokushona kwelanga, ukudla kwesibili, i-iftar, kuqala. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili ezahlukene; ukudla okulula ngaphambi komthandazo kanye nokunye okusindayo ngemva kwawo. Ukudla okudliwa kakhulu ngenyanga ka-Ramadan ama-carbohydrate afana nelayisi, okusanhlamvu noma isinkwa. Amaprotheni avela kokubili inyama nenhlanzi. Futhi imikhiqizo yobisi kanye nokuphuma kwayo futhi ngaphandle kokukhohlwa imifino nezithelo.
Isibonelo sokudla ukudla eRamadan
Ngemuva kwalokho Sizokukhombisa ukuthi umSulumane angadlani ngamahora angadla ngawo ngenyanga kaRamadan. Siyakukhumbuza ukuthi lesi yisibonelo, akuwona wonke umuntu owenza futhi adle okufanayo.
Ngesikhathi ibhulakufesi (iftar) umzimba ukucela ukuthi udle ukudla ukuze uthole amandla, ngenxa yalesi sizathu kukhona abathatha izinsuku, ingilazi yejusi nenkomishi yesobho noma ama-carbohydrate. Ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa, akunconywa ukuthi udle ngobuningi ukuze ugweme ukuzizwa unzima, kungcono ukudla ukudla okulula. Ngalokhu ungadla okusanhlamvu, izinkwa, imikhiqizo yobisi, izithelo, amasaladi, amasobho, njll.
Ngesikhathi sesidlo sakusihlwa kuhle ukuthi udle ukudla okunhlobonhlobo kodwa ngaphandle kokweqa ubuningi; inyama, inhlanzi, okusanhlamvu, ubisi, imifino nezithelo. Ukuze ungazizwa ugula ngesikhathi sokuzila ukudla, njengoba sesikutshelile, kungcono ukungadli ukudla okunzima kakhulu, kufanele kube nokulinganisela, okuyisihluthulelo esiyinhloko empilweni yethu.
Lo mgubho ungaqala uneminyaka emingaki?
Lapha, omunye wemibuzo ephindaphindwayo lapho le nyanga iqala. Noma yimuphi umSulumane osedlule esigabeni sokuthomba usekulungele ukuqala iRamadan. Ayikho iminyaka eqondile, kodwa kubhekwa ibanga leminyaka ephakathi kwe-13 ne-14.
Njengoba siphawule, kukhona okuhlukile okungaba ngenxa yezizathu zempilo noma ezinye izimo njengalabo abagula isikhathi eside, abagula ngengqondo, abakhulelwe noma abancelisa, abesifazane abasesikhathini, abanesifo sikashukela noma asebekhulile.
Njengoba ubona, kunezinto eziningi ezithokozisayo ngemuva kwale nyanga yokugubha iRamadan. Isikhathi, lapho ubuhlobo nenkolo yakhe bukhula, nokholo lwakhe futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke nonkulunkulu wakhe.
Kunezinsika ezinhlanu ze-Islam okufanele wonke umuntu azazi. Eyokuqala kubo iSawm, sikhuluma ngokuzila ukudla kusukela ekushoneni kwelanga kuze kucashe. I-Shahadah, inkolelo yokuthi akekho omunye unkulunkulu ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu wabo nomprofethi wabo uMahammad. IZakat, insika yesithathu esitshela ngokupha abantu abasweleyo. Insika yesine nguSalah, emema imithandazo emihlanu ngosuku. Ekugcineni iHajj, uhambo lokuya eMecca okungenani kanye empilweni yamaSulumane.