Inganekwane yamaCeltic ihlanganisa isiko nenkolo ngezindaba ezikhomba abantu abathile abatholakala ezwenikazi laseYurophu, ikakhulukazi amaPyrenees kanye neziqhingi zaseBrithani.
izinganekwane zaseceltic
AmaCelt yigama elisetshenziselwa ukubhekisa kubantu noma kubantu beNkathi Yensimbi, ababekhuluma ngezilimi zeCeltic, okubhekwa njengelinye lamagatsha ezilimi zase-Indo-European. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinganekwane zamaCeltic zakha iqoqo lezindaba zenkolo yamaCelt phakathi neNkathi Yensimbi.
Ukuze uqonde inganekwane yeCeltic kancane, kubalulekile ukwazi i-Iron Age. Lesi yisikhathi lapho ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi njengento yokwenza izikhali namathuluzi kwatholakala futhi kwaziwa.
Eqinisweni, emiphakathini yasendulo ubuchwepheshe be-metallurgical obudingekayo ukuze kusebenze insimbi bakhululwa kanyekanye nezinye izinguquko zobuchwepheshe nezamasiko lapho izinguquko kwezolimo, izinkolelo zenkolo kanye nezitayela zobuciko zivame ukungezwa.
Lesi sikhathi sithathwa njengesokugcina kwezinkathi ezintathu eziyinhloko zalokho okubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwezinkathi ezintathu, lapho impucuko yangaphambi komlando ihlukaniswa ngayo. Yaze yandulelwa ngisho neNkathi Yebhulonzi futhi idethi yokubukeka, ubude besikhathi nomongo kuyalungiswa ngokuya ngendawo yokufunda.
Okunye ukubuyekezwa kwezinganekwane
Ngakho-ke, lesi sikhathi yisona esinikeze indawo yokudala lezi zindaba zezinganekwane zeCeltic, ngoba onkulunkulu baseCeltic bangabalingiswa. Eqinisweni, esinye sezizathu ezenza ukuthi inganekwane yamaCeltic ingaqhutshekisiwe kwaba ukulahleka kolimi lokuqala.
Kanye namanye amasiko ase-Indo-European (iqembu lezilimi kanye nolimi lokucabanga olusuka kuleli sethi futhi olukhulunywa kusukela eNdiya kuya eYurophu), ngesikhathi se-Iron Age amaCelt okuqala ayenezinganekwane ze-polytheistic kanye nesakhiwo senkolo.
Mayelana nenani lamaCeltic, kwakukhona izizwe ezazihlobene neRoma, njengamaGaul (abantu ababelapho iFrance, iBelgium, iSwitzerland esentshonalanga, indawo yaseNetherlands neJalimane okwamanje ikhona) kanye namaCeltiberian ( Celtic pre - Abantu baseRoma).
Kodwa-ke, izinganekwane zamaCeltic azizange zisinde eMbusweni WaseRoma (inkathi yesithathu yempucuko yamaRoma ezikhathini zasendulo ngemuva kweRiphabhulikhi yaseRoma kanye nohulumeni wobushiqela), okwabangelwa ukuguqulwa kobuKristu nokulahlekelwa izilimi zabo.
Ngisho nomphakathi wamaCeltic wagcina ubunikazi bawo bezombangazwe noma bolimi futhi wasakaza lokho okwakusele kwezinganekwane zeNkathi Yensimbi, uqopha eziningi zazo ngendlela ebhaliwe phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi.
imithombo yomlando
Njengoba kunemithombo ekhona echaza ulimi lwaseGallic ngokubhala, ngokusho kwezinye izifundo kuye kwavezwa ukuthi amaCelt angamaqaba ayengakwazi ukufunda nokubhala.
Kodwa-ke, uphenyo luthole ukuthi kunendlela yokubhala ulimi lwesiGallic, lapho kusetshenziswa khona izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu zesiGreki, zesiLatini kanye ne-Italic yaseNyakatho, eyasetshenzwa ngezihloko ezinemibhalo yalolo limi kanye nekhalenda laseColigny.
Njengoba kuyikhalenda leGallic Coligny lelo elaliseFrance ngonyaka ka-1897, eduze kwekhanda lesithombe esenziwe ngethusi, esinomfanekiso wesilisa osemusha. Futhi, kwakuyikhalenda ye-lunisolar.
Enye incazelo engokomlando yileyo eyenziwa usombusazwe ongumRoma uGaius Julius Caesar, lapho kuchazwa khona ukwazi kwamaGaul kanye neqiniso lokuthi abapristi bawo, abaziwa ngokuthi amaDruid, benqabela ukusetshenziswa kokubhala ukuze kubhalwe amavesi athile enkolo.
Ngokulandelayo, amaHelvetii, okwakuyisizwe samaCeltic esasihlala endaweni ephakathi kweRhine engenhla, i-Swiss Jura, iLake Geneva kanye ne-Alps, achazwa ngokuthi anezibalo ezibhaliwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho iRoma yengeza umkhuba wemibhalo yomphakathi futhi yanciphisa amandla ama-druid ayenawo ezindaweni ezithile. Ngokufanayo, ingxenye enkulu yemibhalo eqoshiwe mayelana nonkulunkulu yatholwa eGaul, eBritannia (isiqhingi samanje saseGreat Britain) nakwezinye izingosi ezibhekwa njengezimelela izindawo zamaCelt, ngemva kokunqotshwa kwamaRoma.
Ekuqaleni, amaScots ase-Ireland kanye namanye amaWales anamuhla (isizwe sase-United Kingdom, esisenhlonhlweni esentshonalanga yesiqhingi sase-Great Britain), asebenzisa lokho okubizwa nge-Ogham script ukuze aqophe imibhalo emifushane, iningi layo. ngamagama.
Ngakho ukufunda nokubhala okwakubhekwa njengokuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu akuzange kwengezwe ezindaweni zamaCeltic. Eqinisweni, umbhalo we-Ogamic noma i-Ogham, kwakuwuhlelo lwezimpawu ze-alfabhethi ezazisetshenziswa ukuze kuboniswe ngokucacile izilimi zase-Irish kanye ne-Pictus, ezikhumbuzo zamatshe, phakathi kweminyaka engu-400 no-600 AD.
Ngokulandelayo, awazange anqotshwe iRoma kwaze kwaba yilapho kufika ubuKristu. Eziningi zezinganekwane zamaGaelic zaqale zabhalwa izindela ezingamaKristu, kodwa eziningi zazo zazingenazo izincazelo zazo zenkolo zakuqala.
Inkolo yamaCeltic nencazelo yayo, ngokocwaningo lukaJulius Caesar
Incwadi kaJulius Caesar ibhekwa njengenye yemibhalo yakudala ekhuluma ngonkulunkulu bamaCelt baseGaul. Lapho uchaza onkulunkulu abangu-5 ababekhonzwa ikakhulukazi eGaul kanye nendima eyadlalwa ngamunye wabo. Ngokuya ngomkhuba wangaleso sikhathi, waze waqamba onkulunkulu ngegama elifana namaRoma asondela kulo. Eqinisweni, iMercury yayiwunkulunkulu odunyiswa kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho eyayinezithombe ezihlukahlukene.
Eqinisweni, iMercury ibhekwa njengalowo owadala bonke ubuciko, ngakho uhlobene noLugus, omunye wonkulunkulu abavelele emlandweni we-Celtic. Ngoba uyena owayevikela abahambi nabahwebi, kanye nokuba namandla kakhulu ngokwezohwebo nenzuzo.
Ngokulandelayo, amaGaul ayebahlonipha kakhulu onkulunkulu u-Apollo (unkulunkulu wamaGreki), iMars (unkulunkulu wamaRoma), uJupiter (unkulunkulu wamaRoma) noMinerva (unkulunkulukazi wamaRoma). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izithixo zeCeltic zichazwa ngezici ezifanayo nezezinye izimpucuko. Funda kabanzi mayelana Perseus.
Ikakhulukazi kunkulunkulu u-Apollo, oqothula lesi sifo, unkulunkulukazi uMinerva okhuthaza amakhono, unkulunkulu uJupiter umbusi wesibhakabhaka kanye nonkulunkulu uMars ohlobene nempi. Ngokusho kombhali, kuphinde kuchazwe ukuthi imvelaphi yozalo lwamaGaul kungenxa yobunkulunkulu bangaphansi kwezinganekwane zamaRoma, ezaziwa ngoDis Pater.
Ilingana nonkulunkulu bamaRoma bakaKhesari
Incazelo yalaba nkulunkulu ayizange yenziwe uCesar esebenzisa amagama abo esiCelt, ngoba wayethi ngabonkulunkulu bamaRoma. Ngakho kwaba nokudideka phakathi kokuhlonza onkulunkulu baseGallic ngamagama abo okuqala, ezinganekwaneni ezingavamile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ichaza unkulunkulu ngamunye kanye nomsebenzi wakhe ngesakhiwo esihlelekile, ngendlela engaziwa noma ehlotshaniswa nemibhalo yangaleso sikhathi. Nokho, nakuba ayenokulinganiselwa okuthile, uhlu lokugcina alukhiqizile lunembe impela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngangilinganisela engangikuchaza namasiko adluliselwa ngomlomo kanye nezithombe zeGallic, ngokwendima yonkulunkulu.
Izincazelo zakhe kanye ne-iconography ibhekisela ezikhathini ezihluke kakhulu emlandweni wenkolo yamaGallic. Ngaphezu kwakho konke ngoba i-iconography ngezikhathi zamaRoma ihambisana nokuvumelana kwezenzakalo ezenzeka emikhakheni yezenhlalo nezombusazwe, kuyilapho inkolo eyimelelayo yayingaboniswa ngendlela esobala kakhulu kunaleyo eyachazwa amaDruid ngesikhathi sokuzibusa kweGallic. eRoma..
Ngokocwaningo, onkulunkulu bamaCelt nezinkolo ezihlobene nenganekwane yamaCeltic kwakungokwendawo nezizwe, ngakho babengewona ama-pan-Celtic.
Ezinye zalezi zifundo zichaza unkulunkulu uTeutates, othathwa njengo Umoya wesizwe, lapho isiphetho uthi ihlotshaniswa nesizwe esikuProto Celtic.
Kanti, kukhona nalabo abacabangela ukuthi amagama kaNkulunkulu afaneleka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengoba amanye ehlobene nonkulunkulu abavelele ababedunyiswa emahlelweni amaPan-Celtic.
Iqembu le-Celtic mythology
Inganekwane yeCeltic inamaqenjana ahlukene ahlotshaniswa nokususelwa kolimi lwesiCeltic. Ngakho-ke, bahlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:
inkolo yama-celtic yasendulo
Lokhu kubonakala ngokwaziwa kangcono ngenxa yemithombo yemivubukulo kunemithombo yezinganekwane ekubhaleni.
I-Mythology ngolimi lwe-Goidelic
Ummeleli wayo omkhulu kunazo zonke yizinganekwane zase-Ireland, ezingasindanga ngokugcwele ekuguqulweni kobuKristu, kodwa eziningi zazo zalondolozwa ngezincwadi zenkathi ephakathi yase-Ireland. Kodwa-ke, nakuba inani elikhulu lemibhalo yesandla lingazange lisinde, kunenkolelo yokuthi mhlawumbe eminye yayo ayizange ibhalwe, kodwa kukhona nezinsalela ezivumela ukukhonjwa kwemijikelezo elandelayo:
umjikelezo wezinganekwane
Okuhlanganisa izindaba zonkulunkulu basendulo kanye nemvelaphi yama-Irish, abhekwa njengomjikelezo omubi kakhulu ogcinwe, uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abathathu. Phakathi kwemibhalo yakhe egqame kakhulu iSayensi Yezindawo kanye neNcwadi Yokuhlasela.
Futhi Iphupho lika-Aengus, Ukuthandana kuka-Étain noCath Maige Tuireadh, kanye neMpi Yesibili kaMagh Tuireadh. Ngisho nezindaba zase-Ireland ezaziwa kakhulu i-The Tragedy of the Children of Lir, okuyingxenye yalo mjikelezo.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi u-Lebor Gabála Érenn uyindaba yase-Ireland esuka kokhokho base-Ireland iye kumlingisi owaziwa kakhulu kaNowa. Embhalweni wesandla, kuchazwa ukuhlasela kwe-Ireland ngabantu abaziwa ngokuthi amaTuatha Dé Danann noma abantu bonkulunkulu.
Ukuba iqembu lesihlanu lezakhamuzi kanye nalabo okukholakala ukuthi babehlala esiqhingini ngaphambi kokufika kwamaGaels noma amaMilesian. Ngakho babhekana namaFomorian (onkulunkulu bokufa, ubumnyama, imimoya nobusuku, ezinganekwaneni zase-Ireland), umholi wabo kwakunguBalos Weso Elibi (Inkosi Yamademoni).
Nokho, uBalor wabulawa uLug Lámfada (ingcweti yabo bonke ubuciko namakhono ezinganekwane zamaCeltic), lapho kwenzeka impi yesibili yaseMagh Tuireadh. Lapho amaGaels efika, i-Tuatha Dé Danann yahamba ngaphansi komhlaba ukuze iguqule abantu bezinganekwane zezinye izinganekwane.
ulster cycle
Ibizwa futhi ekuqaleni umjikelezo wegatsha elibomvu. Ihlanganisa iqoqo elibanzi lemibhalo ebhalwe ngephrozi nevesi, enendikimba yayo eyinhloko amaqhawe endabuko ase-Ulaid, abantu base-Ireland yasendulo. Ikhuluma ngendaba yombuso weConchobar mac Nessa, ongaphansi kobukhosi baseCeltic, owaziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe ekwabiweni kabusha kwengcebo, ukuchuma kanye nokulingana kwabantu bakhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwathiwa wayephila ngesikhathi sikaJesu Kristu.
Lapho igunya lakhe lalisukela ku-Emain Mancha (eNyakatho Ireland, owayengase abe imbangi yeNdlovukazi uMedb nomyeni wakhe u-Ailill mac Máta waseConnacht. Kanye nozakwabo uFegus mac Róich, owayengumbusi wase-Ulster ngaphambilini. Kulo mjikelezo, ucabangele umshana weqhawe eliyinhloko uConchobar, owathola igama likaCú Chulainn futhi owayebhekwa njengama-Irish Achilles. Inganekwane ka-Apollo noDaphne.
Umjikelezo weFenian
Ihlanganisa i-prose nevesi elichaza izinto ezinhle ezenziwa iqhawe lenganekwane u-Fionn mac Cumhaill (umzingeli wenganekwane neqhawe lezinganekwane zamaCelt) kanye namaqhawe akhe ka-Fianna Éireann (owayehlala kude nomphakathi, emahlathini, njengezigelekeqe, ama-mercenaries nabazingeli. ). , ayebhekwa njengamakhosi ngezikhathi zempi).
Futhi ebizwa Umjikelezo we-Ossianic, ngenxa yokuthi inzalo kaFionn, u-Oisín ubhekwa njengowabhala iningi lezinkondlo. Ngaleso sikhathi, kunezindaba zikaFianna, uCaítle (umshana kaFionn), uDiarmuid Ua Duibhne (indodana kaDonn), u-Oscar (indodana ka-Oisín) kanye noGoll mac Morna (isitha sikaFionn).
umjikelezo womlando
Ihlanganisa isikhungo nesisekelo samakhosi amakhulu namancane ase-Ireland. Lo mjikelezo wabhalwa amabhadi ezinkantolo zenkosi, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona izinganekwane nezici zomlando.
Phakathi kwezinhlamvu ezivelele kakhulu, itholakala ku-Labraid Loingsech yenganekwane kuya kuBrian Boru womlando. Isikhathi okungowaso lo mjikelezo, singemva kokufika kobuKristu kanye noSaint Patrick, ngakho kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ezimfundisweni zobuKristu, uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imijikelezo.
Phakathi kwabalingiswa ababaluleke kakhulu, kukhona uCormac Mac Airt (owasungula uFianna), iNkosi uConn Wezimpi Eziyikhulu (umsunguli weConnacht nowaziwa ngekhono lakhe lokulwa nokwenza itshe eliwumqhele libhonge ngenxa yokubhonga kukaTara) kanye noNiall of the Nine Hostages. (ukhokho womndeni wakwa-O'Neill onamandla).
Mythology ngolimi Brittonic
Imelwe ngokuyinhloko ngezinganekwane zesi-Welsh. Okuhlanganisa zonke ezinye izinganekwane zamaBrithani angaphambi kobuKristu. Imibhalo yakhe yesandla ihlanganisa i-Red Book of Hergest, i-White Book of Rhydderch, i-Aneirin, ne-Book of Taliesin.
onkulunkulu baseceltic
Yize isizinda seCeltic ekuthuthukisweni kwaso sanwetshwa endaweni enkulu yasentshonalanga namaphakathi neYurophu, asihlangananga ngokwepolitiki, futhi singenawo umthombo omkhulu wethonya lamasiko. Ngale ndlela, kwaba nezinguquko emisebenzini yendawo yenkolo yamaCelt, kodwa ezindaweni eziningi zamaCelt ukukhulekelwa kukankulunkulu uLugh (inkosi yabo bonke ubuciko namakhono) kwakwaziwa.
Nokho, imibhalo eqoshiwe yonkulunkulu abacishe babe ngamakhulu amathathu, ngokuvamile eqhathaniswa nonkulunkulu bamaRoma, iye yahlala, egqame kakhulu yileyo yonkulunkulu bamaRoma. i-genii locorum, onkulunkulu bendawo noma bezizwe, abanye babo babekhulekelwa ngokugcwele.
Njengamanje, inganekwane yeCeltic iyaziwa, ene-pantheon ehlelekile. Lapho ubunjalo nezindima zalaba nkulunkulu basendulo zitholwa yihlelo labo, indawo yemibhalo yabo, i-iconography kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwabo nonkulunkulu bamaRoma.
onkulunkulu base-Ireland
Inganekwane endala yamaCeltic ichazwa emibhalweni esukela ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi yase-Ireland, eyabhalwa amaKristu, ngakho umsuka waphezulu wonkulunkulu washintshwa.
Inganekwane yasekuqaleni ithathwa njengempi phakathi kwezinhlanga ezimbili ngokusobala ezaphezulu, eyeTuatha Dé Danann, eyaziwa ngokuthi Izizwe zikankulunkulukazi uDana, abayingxenye yonkulunkulu abakhulu bonkulunkulu base-Ireland, kanye namaFomoré, abantu abangaqondakali. .okuvame ukushiwo esikweni lama-Irish futhi okusongela ukulihlasela ngaphandle kokuqaphela.
Impi phakathi kwalezi zinhlanga ezimbili kuthathwa njengesisekelo sombhalo Wempi YaseMag Tuireadh, kanye nezingcezwana zomlando-mbumbulu wokwakhiwa kweNcwadi Yokuhlasela yase-Ireland.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Tuatha Dé Dannan imele izindima zomphakathi wesintu, njengobukhosi, ubuciko kanye nempi. Ngenkathi ama-Fomore emelela imvelo yasendle namandla amnyama afuna ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukhiqiza isiphithiphithi emphakathini wabantu nowaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, onkulunkulu abakhulu bezinganekwane zeCeltic yilaba abalandelayo:
I-Dagda
Kubhekwa njengonkulunkulu ophakeme we-pantheon yase-Ireland. Umfanekiso kaNkulunkulu wamaDruid nonkulunkulu wamaDruid kuthiwa uvela kuye, kanye nenkosi yezakhi nolwazi. Futhi isazi somthetho neqhawe elesabayo wonke umuntu. Phakathi nempi yesibili kaMag Tured, nguyena owahola iTuatha Dé Danann ukuze inqobe iFomoré. Uthola igama likaDagda, ngoba ungunkulunkulu omuhle, kodwa hhayi omuhle ngokuziphatha, kodwa okuhle kukho konke.
Ubizwa nangokuthi u-Eochid (uyise wabo bonke), uLathir (ubaba onamandla), noRuadh Rofhessa (obomvu besayensi enkulu). Ubhekwa njengoyise, ovikela isizwe futhi ungunkulunkulu oyisisekelo wamaCelt abanye onkulunkulu besilisa ababeyizinhlobonhlobo zakhe.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi onkulunkulu beCeltic kwakuyizinhlangano, ingxenye enkulu, hhayi ezikhethekile, ngakho izindawo zabo zesizinda zanwetshwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Lo nkulunkulu wayenomlingiswa okhethekile, yingakho ayebhekwa njengomuntu oyinhlekisa emlandweni wase-Ireland. Nokho bakhona ababhali abachaze ukuthi naye udalwe enesihe nokubekezelela ihlaya ngaye.
Ezindabeni zase-Ireland, lo nkulunkulu uchazwa njengomuntu onegunya futhi owavele wahlukaniswa ngokufutheka kwakhe okukhulu kanye nobulili obudlulele.
Ine-cauldron enokuqukethwe okungapheli, okuyisikhunta se-Holy Grail (inkomishi eyasetshenziswa uJesu Kristu Esidlweni Sakusihlwa Sokugcina). Futhi ihabhu lomlingo elidlala lodwa, umoya wokulila, ukulala, ukufa noma ukuhleka. Naye-ke usenensangu, noma engamshaya ngelinye lamaphethelo angambulala kodwa uma ekwenza ngolunye uhlangothi, uyamvusa.
Ngakho, lesi sikhali singabulala amadoda ayisishiyagalolunye ngesikhathi esisodwa, sibangele amathambo awo aqhekeke futhi olunye uhlangothi siwabuyisele ekuphileni. Ngenkathi ihabhu le-oki lalibizwa ngokuthi i-Uaithne futhi lalisetshenziselwa ukuphatha ukuhleleka kwezinkathi zonyaka nokudlala izingoma zemilingo. Kubhekwa njengonkulunkulu wokuphila nokufa, onamandla asabekayo, angaba mahle noma amabi.
Esifundeni saseDorset eNgilandi kunesibalo esaziwayo esine-ithyphallic enkulu, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Giant of Cerne Abbas, lapho kubonakala khona i-mace. Nakuba yenziwa ngezikhathi zamaRoma, kukholakala ukuthi imelela iDagda.
Nokho, ocwaningweni lwakamuva kuye kwachazwa ukuthi kungase kube ukumelela lokho okubonakala kuyindwangu enkulu elenga engalweni evundlile yalowo mfanekiso, yingakho kubhekwa ukuthi kungase kube uHercules (iqhawe lezinganekwane zamaGreki). Ngokulandelayo, unesikhumba seBhubesi laseNemea ngaphezu kwengalo yakhe futhi uphethe insathane ayeyibulale.
EGaul, iDagda ibhekwa njengehlobene noSucellos, ongunkulunkulu wezolimo, amahlathi neziphuzo ezidakayo, ophethe isando nenkomishi. Eqinisweni, ezindabeni ezidumile zeminyaka yamuva nasemanovelini e-Arthurian, i-Dagda ichazwa njengeNdoda Yasehlathini, indoda ekhohlakele ephethe induku futhi iphinde ibe inkosi yezilwane zasendle.
I-Dagda nayo ihlobene nokuchichima, okubangelwa ukuthi ine-cauldron yemilingo engenakho phansi futhi ukudla kwayo kunganelisa bonke abakhileyo emhlabeni.
Ngaphezu kokuba induna yeTuatha Dé Dannan, wayengumthandi kaMorrigan, unkulunkulukazi wempi, phakathi neSamhain. Ukuba noshintsho uhlelo lwempi lwe-Tuatha Dé empini yesibili yaseMagh Tuireadh, lapho bebhekene namaFomoreos (onkulunkulu bokufa, ubumnyama, imimoya kanye nobusuku).
Phakathi naleyo mpi yesibili, izitha zakhe zeba ihabhu lakhe, ngakho yena, kanye no-Ogma noLugh, balifuna ekamu lakhe, walithola lapho edlala izingoma ezintathu zemilingo ezenza bakwazi ukuphuma ekamu. emhumeni engenamyocu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inzalo kaMilesius, okhokho base-Ireland, banqoba iTuatha Dé Danann futhi baya endaweni engaphansi komhlaba, lapho babehlala khona ezigodlweni ezenziwe yiDagda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Dagda yayinoBodb Dearg, Cermait, Midir, Áine, Angus noBrigit njengabantwana. Futhi wayengumfowabo ka-Ogma. hlangana nabanye izinganekwane zomhlaba kanye legends.
S'thandwa
Lo mlingiswa uyingxenye yezinganekwane zeCeltic. Bekuyingxenye yomjaho weziqhwaga zaseFomoré. Lwalubonakala ngokuba neso elilodwa esiphongweni nelinye ngemuva kogebhezi oluyingozi futhi ngokuvamile luhlala luvaliwe. Wathi uma ewavula, wabonakala ebulala wonke umuntu obukele.
Waziwa ngokubulala iNkosi yaseTuatha Dé Danann, eNuada, eMpini Yesibili kaMagh Tuiredh. Ngakho-ke, uLug (inkosi yazo zonke ezobuciko namakhono), wayefuna ukuphindiselela uNuada futhi ngokusondela kuBalar, lapho iso elibi livala ngemva kokubulala uNuada. UBalar wazama ukuvula iso lakhe futhi kodwa uLug washesha wamjikijela itshe ngesihlilingi sakhe esifike esweni elibi lambhoboza ugebhezi lukakhakhayi. Ngakho wafa ngokushesha. U-Balar wayengumkhulu ozala umama kaLug.
Waziwa nangokuthi yiNkosi yamademoni. Kukhona inguqulo yezinganekwane zeCeltic, echaza enye indlela yokufa kukaBalar. Okulandisa ukuthi udruid wayembikezele ukuthi umzukulu wakhe uzombulala.
Njengoba uBalar enendodakazi eyodwa kuphela, okuthiwa u-Ethniu, wayivalela embhoshongweni ongenakunqotshwa, njengoba wawenziwa phezu kwedwala, ngakho kwakunzima ukufinyelela kuwo eTory Island. Lapho wabeka abesifazane abayishumi nambili njengabangane, okwakudingeka bavimbele u-Ethné ukuba aqaphele ukuthi amadoda akhona emhlabeni.
Ngakho wakhula eyisiboshwa futhi abangane bakhe abayishumi nambili abazange bakhulume naye ngamadoda. Nokho, esembhoshongweni wabuka imikhumbi futhi waqaphela ukuthi yayishayelwa abantu ngabanye ngaphandle kwabesifazane ababehamba naye. Wabatshela ukuthi bamchazele leyo mfihlakalo, kodwa abazange bamchazele.
Ngaphesheya kwesiqhingi, ogwini lwase-Ireland, kwakuhlala abazalwane abathathu. Laba kwakunguGavida, uMac Samhtainn noCian, owaziwa nangokuthi uMac Kineely. Owokuqala wabo wayengumkhandi wensimbi kanti owesithathu wayenenkomo ekhipha ubisi oluningi kangangokuthi bonke babenomona.
Nangempela uBala wazama ukulintshontsha waqonda esitolo lapho inkomo igadwe omunye wabazalwane. Umzalwane ongumgadi akazange abone futhi washiya isivalo ezandleni zikaBalar, owamyisa ngokushesha esiqhingini sakhe.
Ngakho-ke uMac Kineely wayefuna ukuziphindiselela futhi ngosizo lwe-druid kanye nenganekwane wahamba wazifihla njengowesifazane, embhoshongweni lapho u-Ethné ayekhona. Wathi uma efika wacela indawo yokuhlala wayithola. Idlozi lazumeka laba ababehamba noEthne bathe bevuka babona ukuthi lomfazi nedlozi unyamalele.
Ngokulandelayo, u-Ethné wakhulelwa futhi waba nezingane ezintathu, ezazisongwe nguBalar ngeshidi, alinamathisela ngophini futhi wanikeza umyalo wokuba ziphonswe kwalasha wolwandle. Endleleni eya kwalasha, isikhonkwane sathukuluka esigodlweni, futhi enye yezingane yawela emanzini, lapho idlozi lalikhona, yalicosha. Nokho, laba abanye abazalwane ababili bashona, kodwa lo owayephila wanikwa umkhandi wensimbi ukuze afunde.
U-Balar eziphindiselela kuMac Kineely, wanquma ikhanda likaMac Kineely kwathi umfowabo, umkhandi wensimbi uGavida kanye nomfana ofundela umsebenzi wensimbi baqala ukusebenzela uBalar.
Ngesinye isikhathi, lapho uBalar eya embonini, waqhosha ngemisebenzi yakhe, ngakho umkhandi wensimbi osemncane wathatha isigxobo esasibomvu emlilweni futhi washaya uBalar endaweni lapho kwakukhona iso lakhe elibi, ngakho wafa ngokushesha. Ukuba yilowo mkhandi wensimbi osemusha uLug, indodana kaMac Kineely.
Njengoba ubona, izinganekwane zeCeltic nazo zinezinhlobo ezahlukene zezindaba, futhi abalingiswa bayo abaningi banokusebenzisana ezinganekwaneni ezithile.
UMorrigan
Igama lakhe lisho Indlovukazi Yezipoki. Wayengunkulunkulukazi wempi wezingxenye ezintathu zamaCelt asendulo ase-Ireland owagqugquzela amaqhawe ukuba alwe. Wayebuye aziwe ngelikaMorrigu nakuba ubuntu bakhe babebizwa ngokuthi Nemhain, okwakusho ukwethuka, ngoba waba yisici esibi kuphela lapho evele phambi kwalabo ababezofa.
Futhi omunye wobuntu bakhe wayebizwa ngokuthi uMacha, okuyimpi, okwathi uma ikhonjiswa kwaba umfanekiso wegwababa lesifazane. Ngenkathi i-Badb, igama elisuselwa ku-proto-Celtic bodbh, okusho ukuthi igwababa, yayinesici esasigqugquzela amaqhawe ukuthi alwe.
Lo nkulunkulukazi waziwa nangokuthi uhlotshaniswa ne-Táin Bó Cúailnge (inganekwane ye-Ulster Cycle), lapho naye abe ngumsizi nesithiyo kuqhawe uCúchulainn. Uvame ukuvezwa njengegwababa noma igwababa, kodwa kunezikhathi lapho ethatha izimo zenkomo, imbongolo, noma impisi.
Uyaziwa nangokuthi unkulunkulukazi wokufa nokubhujiswa. Isibalo sakhe sivame ukumelelwa ngezikhali nezikhali, phakathi kwamakhono akhe amakhulu ukusetshenziswa komlingo omnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indima yakhe empini iwukukhuthaza amasosha amandla nentukuthelo yokulwa. Eqinisweni, igama lakhe libhekisa kuNdlovukazi Enkulu noma iNdlovukazi yeSpectral futhi kwesinye isikhathi ibhalwe njengoCarrie noma uCarrigan.
Nakuba ebhekwa njengonkulunkulukazi wempi nokufa, umelela ukuvuselelwa, kanye nokufa okuveza impilo entsha, uthando nesifiso sobulili. Nasemhlabeni weCeltic impilo nokufa kuxhumene kakhulu.
Uthathwa njengentombi, umama nesithandwa. Ngakho wahlanganisa onkulunkulukazi abathathu nodadewabo, okwakungoBadb noMacha, kwezinye izimo kanye noNemain (unkulunkulukazi wempi). Kodwa ekuphenyweni okuhlukahlukene mayelana nalesi sihloko, kuchazwa njengokungathi odadewabo bangenye izibonakaliso zakhe.
Izethulo zakhe zokuqala zabikwa ngazodwana, ezindabeni ze-Ulster Cycle, lapho kusungulwa khona ubudlelwano obungaqinisekile neqhawe uCú Chulainn. Ngakho endabeni ethi The Attack on Regamain's Cattle, uCú Chulainn uhlangana noMorrigan nakuba engamqapheli lapho eqondisa inkomo endaweni yakhe.
Ngokungamhloniphi njengobukhosi, kukhiqizwa impendulo lapho ebheka njengenselele ehlambalazayo kanye nenani lokuthi amhlasele, aguquke abe inyoni emnyama futhi andizele egatsheni eliseduze. Lapho uCú Chulainn ehlangana naye, umtshela ukuthi ukube wayazi kusengaphambili bekungeke kube nankinga ngaye, njengoba ayekwenzile kwambangela ishwa. Ngakho wamxwayisa ngokuthi empini elandelayo wayezobulawa.
Lo nkulunkulukazi uvela futhi ku-Mythological Cycle, ngenhlanganisela yomlando yekhulu le-XNUMX, eyayibizwa nge-Lebor Gabála Érenn, lapho ayephakathi kukaTuatha Dé Danann, engomunye wenzalo ka-Ernmas, owayengumzukulu kaNuada.
Ngisho nenzalo yokuqala ka-Ernmas kwakungu-Ériu, u-Banba no-Fodla, ngaphezu kokuthi amahlelo abo afana ne-Ireland. Ukubhekwa njengokumelela kukankulunkulukazi ophindwe kathathu wobukhosi, ohlobene nezwe nobukhosi.
Eqinisweni, babengamakhosikazi kaMac Cuill, uMac Cecht noMac Gréine, ababengamakhosi amathathu okugcina e-Ireland, inzalo kaTuatha Dé Danann. Kunezincazelo ezibalula ukuthi igama likaMorrigan ngu-Anann, owayenamadodana amathathu, uGlon, uGaim noCoscar.
Ngesikhathi seMythological Cycle, uphinda abonakale ku-The Battle of Cath Maige Tuires, kanye nasemkhosini waseSamhain, lapho uDagda ejoyina khona, ngesibonakaliso sobudlelwane bakhe nokuzala kwezwe. Lo nkulunkulukazi ufakazelwa nase-Fenian Cycle, lapho kanye noMidir no-Badb, bexosha i-Fomore lapho bezama ukunyamalala okusanhlamvu, izithelo nobisi lwe-Tuatha Dé Danann.
Yena, ezivikela ngokumelene nabo, ucela amandla emvelo, ememezela ukunqoba izintaba zasebukhosini zase-Ireland, amanzi ayo ayinhloko kanye nemilomo yemifula. Kwakuwumkhuba ngisho ukufunga ngokusebenzisa imvelo. Hlangana ne abalingiswa basezinganekwaneni.
Julayi
Ingenye yezibalo ezivela kakhulu ezindabeni zezinganekwane zeCeltic. Ngisho nempande yeLug ifakazelwa kulo lonke elaseCantabrian, esinye salezi zibonelo yileso sesizwe sase-Astures esibizwa ngokuthi amaLugones. Kukhona futhi iLugás, idolobhana elisentshonalanga ye-Asturias.
Kukhona futhi ihlelo le-lugas, endaweni yamazwe angaphakathi eCantabria, libhekisela emisebe yelanga etholakala phakathi kwamafu.
Lo mlingiswa uchazwa ezinganekwaneni zeCeltic njengomuntu osondelene nohlu lonkulunkulu futhi incazelo yakhe ingeyensizwa. Nokho, nakuba ebhekwa njengonkulunkulu obaluleke kakhulu ezinganekwaneni zase-Ireland, akayena unkulunkulu ophakeme. Eqinisweni, ungunkulunkulu ongenamsebenzi, ngoba uzigcwalisa ngokuphelele.
Ngokulandelayo, uyingxenye yeTuatha Dé Danann ngenxa kayise, kodwa futhi unguFomoré ngenxa kamama wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, empini yesibili kaMag Tured, wanqoba njengomholi weTuatha de Danann futhi wabaqondisa ekunqobeni, waze wabulala umkhulu wakhe uBalar, iso elibi.
Ngokunjalo, igama layo lisuselwa egameni le-Indo-European elisho okumhlophe, okukhanyayo kanye negwababa. Ngakho lesi silwane ngandlela thize sihlobene naye. Nakuba ukubonakala kwakhe kuwukuzungeza kwelanga, akabhekwa njengonkulunkulu welanga, ngoba kwakuwumsebenzi phakathi kwamaCelt emvelo yabesifazane.
Izikhali ayenazo kwakungumkhonto kanye nendwayimana. Ngisho nase-Ireland, umgubho we-Lughnasad wenziwa ngenjongo yokumhlonipha. Ukuba lo mkhosi owawubanjwe ngo-Agasti 1 futhi uhlanganisa ukudla nemishado yamaCeltic egujwa ehlathini ngezinguqulo zesimanje zamaDruids asendulo.
Inokulingana e-Wales ngaphansi kwegama lika-Llew Llawgyffes, owaziwa ngokuthi lowo olesandla sokudla. Iza ukuzovela ezindabeni ze-Mabinogion (iqoqo lezindaba ze-prose ezithathwe emibhalweni yesandla yesi-Welsh yasendulo.
Ucwaningo lwase-Ireland luye lwachaza ukuthi umphakathi waphezulu wakhiwe ngendlela efanayo nomphakathi wesintu. Njengenhlangano ye-Tuatha Dé Danann, ihlelwe yaba amakilasi amathathu asebenzayo:
- umsebenzi wobupristi: iqondiswe engcweleni futhi imelwe uDagda, unkulunkulu wamaDruid.
- Iqhaza lamaqhawe: okuyiyona enesibopho ngokuyinhloko sobukhosi futhi imelwe u-Ogma, unkulunkulu oyiqhawe kanye noNuada, unkulunkulu wenkosi.
- umsebenzi wezandla: ikhiqizwe emphakathini wonkana, imelwe uGoibniu, uCredne noLuchta.
Nokho, uLug akayona ingxenye yanoma yisiphi isigaba esithile, ngoba ungowabo bonke, okubangelwa ukuthi uyakwazi ukwenza yonke imisebenzi. Eqinisweni, kukhona labo abayibiza ngokuthi iSamildanach, okusho ukuthi i-polytechnic, ebhekisela ekwazini kwayo kukho konke ubuciko nesayensi.
Umkhonto wakhe ubizwa ngokuthi i-Spear of Assal futhi walethwa e-Ireland ngabakwaTuatha Dé Danann, njengoba kuchazwe ezindabeni zasendulo ngolimi lwesiGaelic. Iyavutha futhi okuwukuphela kwendlela elahlekelwa ngayo umlilo iwukuba imanziswe yigazi lomuntu.
Izinguqulo zezindaba ezimayelana naye zichaza ukuthi uyindodana kaCian no-Eithne futhi uhlobene noFomoré, ngumkhulu wakhe ozala umama uBalor, ambulala ngendwayimane yakhe, ngokusho kwesiprofetho.
Kubuye kuchazwe kwezinye izindaba, ukuthi waya lapho kwakuhlala khona iNkosi uNuada, emcimbini wokugubha, umgcini-sango wamnqabela ukungena. Naphezu kwalokhu, uLug uyamqinisekisa ukuthi angaba usizo kakhulu kodwa namanje wenqatshwa. Ngakho wenza isiphakamiso sokubakhonza futhi bakwamukela kanjalo.
Ukusuka lapho wayengumbazi, umkhandi wensimbi neqhawe. Wabuye wamukelwa njengomdlali we-hnefatafl (umdlalo webhodi wamaJalimane wakudala, odlalwa ebhodini eliyisikwele) futhi udlala umdlalo nenkosi, oyishayayo. Njengoba iwumdlalo ongokomfanekiso ngokuphelele, ngoba kuwumdlalo wobuhlakani lapho uLug esungula khona ukulawula umhlaba.
Kukhona nezindaba ezivela ezinganekwaneni zeCeltic, lapho echazwa khona elwa nenzalo yakhe uCúchulainn, ekuhlaseleni kweNdlovukazi uMedb e-Ulster. ukwazi konke mayelana I-Orpheus.
Abanye onkulunkulu base-Ireland
Ngaphezu konkulunkulu bezinganekwane zeCeltic okukhulunywe ngenhla, okulandelayo kuyatholakala:
I-Brigid
Kuthathwa njengonkulunkulukazi omkhulu womlilo nezinkondlo wase-Ireland. Inzalo ye-Dagda futhi iyingxenye ye-Tuatha Dé Danann. Imvelaphi yegama layo kungenxa ukuphakama, udumo, ebhekise kuwe ukuvelela.
Ichazwa ezindabeni zezinganekwane zamaCeltic, ngesiko lama-Irish, ibiza amagama ahlukene kuyo, okuyizimpawu zemisebenzi yomphakathi enikezwa yona. Ngokohlelo ithathwa njengokuphindwe kathathu, njengoba iyingxenye yezigaba ezintathu zomphakathi wase-Indo-European.
Ngaphezu kokubhekwa njengonkulunkulukazi wogqozi nezinkondlo ngesigaba sabapristi. Futhi njengomvikeli wamakhosi namaqhawe esigabeni samaqhawe kanye nonkulunkulukazi wamasu ekilasini lezingcweti, abelusi nabalimi.
Onkulunkulukazi bemvelo
Phakathi kwalezi kukhona u-Epona, obhekwa njengonkulunkulukazi wamaCeltic wamahhashi, wenzalo kanye nemvelo. Okuhlobene namanzi, ukuphulukiswa nokufa, okuhlotshaniswa nonkulunkulukazi wamaGreki uCibeles. Umfanekiso wakhe ungokankulunkulukazi wensikazi wasendulo. Igama layo lisuselwa kuGaulish inkathi, elilingana nehhashi, elingeyesiGreki ukuhixa y i-latin equus. Obeye aziwe njengo I-Tailtiu y Macha.
onkulunkulu abesilisa
Phakathi kwalaba nkulunkulu bezinganekwane zamaCeltic kukhona uGoibniu, obhekwa njengonkulunkulu wensimbi weTuatha Dé Danann. Ubizwa ngokuthi inkosi yezingcweti, owenza izikhali zamaqhawe futhi uhola idili elingaziwa lokungafi, lapho onkulunkulu bevuselelwa ngokudla izingulube zemilingo zikankulunkulu wasemanzini uManannán mac Lir. Igama likaGoibniu, livela egameni lomkhandi wensimbi ngesiCeltic.
UDian Cecht
Kubhekwa njengonkulunkulu wezokwelapha ezinganekwaneni zeCeltic. Amanye ama-akhawunti achaza ukuthi wayeyingxenye yempi kaMag Tured futhi uvula umthombo wezempilo lapho ehlanganisa khona amakhambi ahlukahlukene amnika amandla okubuyisela amaqhawe alimele noma afile ekuphileni.
Angus
Ubizwa ngokuthi unkulunkulu wothando irlnades. Ngaphezu kwalokho igama lakhe elingelona iqiniso nguMac Oc, indodana encane. Uyinzalo yamaDagda futhi uyindodana yokutholwa kaManannan. Unejazi lokungabonakali amboza ngalo afuna ukuvikela.
Onkulunkulu baseWales
Kule ndawo yezinganekwane zeCeltic, kubhekiselwa konkulunkulu base-Prehistoric Britain, ababesithwe amakhulu eminyaka obuKristu, kodwa bachazwa kuma-akhawunti aseWales. Kuzo kunezigaba ezimbili zozalo lwezithixo: abantwana bakaDon kanye nabantwana bakwaLlyr.
Ngokuqondene noDon, ubizwa nangokuthi u-Anna, u-Anu, u-Ana noma u-Dana, unkulunkulukazi ongumama wamaCelt asendulo. Kubhekwa e-Ireland, njengonina wonkulunkulu, uTuatha Dé Danann owaziwayo. Ngokulandelayo, uthathwa njengonkulunkulu bakudala base-Indo-European, owaziwa eNdiya ngegama lika Anna Purna, okushoyo U-Ana ohlinzekayo, kuyilapho eRoma ibizwa ngokuthi Anna Parena.
Eqinisweni, kukhona labo ababheka lo mlingiswa waphezulu njengokumelela kobuKristu ngaphansi komfanekiso ka-Saint Anne, unina weNcasakazi uMariya. Maqondana noLlyr, uthathwa njengoyise wozalo lonkulunkulu, kuhlanganise noManannan. Futhi ungunkulunkulu ohlotshaniswa nolwandle, nakuba engeyena unkulunkulu wolwandle.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amaCelt aseGaul ayekhulekela onkulunkulu abahlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo ziye zachazwa ezindabeni ezahlukene. Enye yazo kwakuwumbhalo olungiselelwe umlobi ongumRoma uLucano, lapho ebhekisela konkulunkulu baseTaranis (unkulunkulu odumayo wokuduma, ukukhanya nesibhakabhaka, isondo lendawo yonke futhi okuwuphawu lokudlula kobusuku nezinsuku) , Teutates (ocatshangelwa njengonkulunkulu weqembu lesizwe sabesilisa le-Gallic pantheon) kanye no-Esus (unkulunkulu oyinhloko wamaGallic).
Bonke labo nkulunkulu basebusuku, nakuba ingekho imibhalo yesandla eminingi ethi babengonkulunkulu abavelele ezinganekwaneni zamaCelt. Kuphinde kucatshangelwe ukuthi abaningi balaba nkulunkulu babeyizinhlobonhlobo zabanye, njengo-Epona, okungenzeka ukuthi waguqulwa waba iqhawekazi uRhiannon eWales, kanye noMacha, owayevame ukukhulekelwa e-Ulster. Abanye onkulunkulu balokhu kuhlukaniswa kwezinganekwane zeCeltic yizi:
Cernunnos
Ingenye yezindala emlandweni we-Celtic, ngisho nolwazi oluncane ngayo. Kukholakala ukuthi nguye omelelwe ku-cauldron yesiliva eyaziwayo etholakala e-Gundestrup eDenmark, esukela ekhulwini lokuqala noma lesi-1 BC. Ukholelwa futhi ukuthi ungunkulunkulu wenala nenkosi yezilwane zasendle. Imvelo yakhe isemhlabeni ngokuphelele. Umelelwe ngezindlebe nezimpondo zenyamazane futhi une-torc, eqinisweni ikholomu ye-Gallic, ebonakala ngokuba lukhuni futhi iyindilinga.
Umelelwa kakhulu nenyoka enekhanda lenqama, futhi kuthiwa uyinkosi yezilwane zasendle, zasemhlabeni nezasemanzini. Ngakho-ke, kuwukubonakaliswa kwamandla, amandla kanye nengunaphakade, okufanekiselwa ngamagatsha. Ubuye abhekwe njengomnikezi we-altare nobhasikidi wokudla, amaqebelengwane nezinhlamvu zemali. Funda kabanzi mayelana UGorgon.
eBhetlehema
Ubhekwa njengonkulunkulu wesifunda owayekhulekelwa ikakhulukazi enyakatho ye-Italy nasogwini lweMedithera Gaul. Futhi ungunkulunkulu wezolimo. Eqinisweni, kunomkhosi okuthiwa iBeltaine ohlobene naye.
Ihlelo layo linencazelo, elikhanyayo futhi elikhanyayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona labo abacabanga ukuthi limelela imililo ebanzi yomkhosi waseBeltaine. Ngokuvumelana nalo mbono, igama lesi-Asturian elithi Beleñu lisuselwa kwelithi Celtic Belenus, okwanezelwa kulo iSan Xuan, njengoba kuwusuku lomkhosi we-solstice yasehlobo, lapho kwenziwa khona imililo evuthayo efana nosuku lwaseBeltaine. .
Uyavuma
Lo nkulunkulu wezinganekwane zamaCeltic kuthiwa uyiqhawe futhi ovikela izizwe. Uhlotshaniswa nonkulunkulu wamaRoma uMars kanye nonkulunkulu waseDagda wama-Irish. Wayengowonkulunkulu basebusuku, njengo-Esus noTaranis. Wathola nenani elikhulu lemihlatshelo kuma-druid. Wayekhulekelwa kakhulu eGaul naseRoma laseBrithani.
I-Taranis
Uthathwa njengonkulunkulu wokuduma, isiphepho nesibhakabhaka. Babemesaba futhi inkolo yakhe yasakazeka kulo lonke elaseGaul nasengxenyeni yeBrittany. Ukudumisa kuye kwakufana nokukaTeutates, okubangelwa ukuthi ukuthulisa imihlatshelo yentukuthelo yakhe yenziwa ngokuhlonishwa kwakhe futhi wayevela ku-triad eyakhiwe yibo ababili kanye no-Esus.
Ufaniswa noThor (unkulunkulu wokuduma namandla ezinganekwaneni zamaNorse namaJalimane), ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokufana ngokwamandla ombani nokuduma. AmaRoma nawo amfanisa noJupiter (unkulunkulu oyinhloko wezinganekwane zamaRoma ngakho-ke uyise wonkulunkulu nabantu).
esus
Ubhekwa njengonkulunkulu womele igazi nenkosi yamahlathi. Ihlukaniswe imbongi yaseRoma uLucan eceleni kukaTheutates noTaranis, onkulunkulu abathathu abakhulu bamaGaul. Wathola nemihlatshelo ebangelwa ukwesaba, njengoba wayengunkulunkulu wasendle futhi eshisekela igazi. ukuhlangabezana ne Isifinyezo sikaHelen of Troy.
Heroes
Phakathi kwamaqhawe amakhulu ezinganekwane zeCeltic, yizi:
UMananan
Wayeyingxenye yeTuatha Dé Dannann. Wayebhekwa njengomlumbi onamandla, owayenesigqoko esivuthayo esikhazimula izitha zakhe, futhi isivikelo sesifuba esingenakunqotshwa, isembatho sokungabonakali, umkhumbi ohamba olwandle ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izigwedlo noma useyili nenkemba ebizwa ngokuthi iFragarach.
Eqinisweni ngaleyonkemba, unganqamula noma yiziphi izikhali futhi usebenzise ukulawula umoya. Lesi sibalo esivela ezinganekwaneni zeCeltic sidabuka e-Isle of Man, lapho igama laso livela khona.
ogmios
Kuthathwa njengokumelela kokuqephuza nokuqephuza. Umfanekiso wakhe ungowekhehla elishwabene, elinesikhumba sebhubesi njengengubo, liphethe isace, umnsalo nomgodla (isikhwama esimise okweshubhu lapho imicibisholo yayithwalwa khona futhi ilenga ehlombe lesokunxele ngebhande , ukuthatha imiphetho ngesandla sokudla).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udonsa amadoda amaningi aboshwe ngezindlebe, esebenzisa iketanga legolide lapho isiphetho salo siwela khona ulimi oluhlatshiwe lukankulunkulu. Uthathwa njengokukhuluma okuqinisekile kwamandla akhe, unkulunkulu othi ngomlingo wakhe ahehe abathembekile bakhe. Ngokulandelayo, kubhekwa njengophawu lwamandla egama eliyisiko elenza ukuhlangana phakathi kwezwe labantu nelonkulunkulu. Egameni lakhe kubabaza izibusiso ezivuna abangane neziqalekiso ezimelene nezitha.
E-Ireland ibizwa ngokuthi i-Ogma. Uze atuswe nangokusungula i- oghman, iqoqo lezibonakaliso zemilingo ezinamandla amakhulu kangangokuthi angakwazi ukumisa isitha. Enye yezindaba ezivela kuzinganekwane zeCeltic lapho ivela khona kusempini yeMag Tured.
I-Airgetlam
Igama layo lisho ingalo yesiliva. Iyingxenye yeTuatha Dé Danann. Lapho impi yokuqala kaMag Tured yenzeka, walahlekelwa ingalo futhi akakwazanga ukubusa. Ngakho-ke unkulunkulu u-Diancecht umenza isandla sesiliva futhi lokho kumenza athathe indima yakhe njengenkosi futhi ahole iTuatha Dé Danann empini yesibili yaseMag Tured.
URhiannon
Kuthathwa njengeqhawekazi le-Wales, igama lakhe elisuselwa kulo I-Rigantoneindlovukazi enkulu Uchazwa njenge-Amazon (abantu abavela kubantu basendulo, abakhiwe futhi babuswa abesifazane abangamaqhawe) futhi ukhetha u-Pwyll njengomyeni wakhe. Inzalo yakhe, uPryderi, yathathwa kuye ngesikhathi izalwa kanti nguyena osolwa ngokuduka kwengane. Elahlwe ukuthwala inkemba yakhe zonke izivakashi eziya enqabeni yomyeni wakhe.
Gwyddyon
Uthathwa njengomunye wamaqhawe adume kakhulu ngokwesiko lamaWelsh. Inzalo kaDana noyise kaLleu Llaw Gyffes. Igama kukholakala ukuthi lisho uhlakaniphile. Kuphinde kube ukumelwa kwamandla omlingo awazuza kuma-druid asendulo.
Finn MacCumail
Utuswa ngokuba yiqhawe nomlingo, inzalo kaCumail kanye noyise ka-Ossian. Uyesatshwa futhi ubephethe ukuphindiselela uyise owashona empini, ngaphezu kokuhlanganisa kabusha ibutho likaFiana. Incazelo yegama lakhe nguMhlophe, emuhle, emhlophe futhi enohlanga oluhle. Wayephinde abe yimbongi nomthakathi, owayazi izincwadi zezinkondlo eziyishumi nambili futhi enesiphiwo sokukhanyisa ngokuluma isithupha sakhe.
UCuchulain
Kuthathwa njengomlingiswa owaziwa kakhulu maqondana ne-epic yase-Ireland. Ngokwezinguqulo zenganekwane yakhe, uchazwa njengenzalo kankulunkulu uLug. Igama langempela elithi Setanta negama mbumbulu elithi Cu Chulainn, okusho ukuthi inja kaCulann, ngemva kokuba ebulale inja ye-ulann, uCulann, lapho enza khona isithembiso sokuthi uzongena esikhundleni sakhe njengomvikeli.
Wayenolaka olukhulu kangangokuthi wayekwazi ukwenza izigwegwe ezimangalisayo, ezazikwazi ukukhubaza wonke umzimba wakhe, okwakugqamisa ukubukeka kwakhe okungaphezu kobuntu futhi kwamenza isidalwa esiyi-cyclopean.
Ngaphezu kwekhanda lakhe lithola ukukhanya kweHero, uphawu lwama-demigods kanye nezinhlamvu eziphefumulelwe ubunkulunkulu. Ngakho-ke, uyiqhawe lokukhanya, eliphucuzekile futhi elenza samuntu umphakathi lapho eyingxenye, kodwa lapho enikeza khona isimilo saphezulu. Ngokulandelayo, iwumfanekiso wohlobo oluthile lwehlelo lelanga labesilisa.
Arturo
Kubhekwa njengomlingiswa obaluleke kakhulu emlandweni we-Celtic. Ekuqaleni wayechazwa njengenduna yempi enesizotha, umholi wabagibeli bamahhashi, abaqasha izinkonzo zabo emakhosini aseziqhingini zaseBrithani, ekulweni ababenakho ngokumelene namaSaxon ahlaselayo.
Waphumelela kangangokuthi le nganekwane yaqanjwa kuye, lapho indima namandla akhe kwakweqisa kakhulu, okumnika ububanzi bezinganekwane.
Igama lakhe, okwakuyisiteketiso, linencazelo enesimo sebhere o inzalo yebhere leqhawe. Lapho kuphinde kufane nehlelo lamaRoma elithi U-Arthur, owathola ingqikithi yezici zobunkulunkulu esikweni lamaCeltic.
Ezinye izindaba
Ezinye izindaba ezivela ezinganekwaneni zeCeltic zengezwe esikimini sakudala futhi u-Arthur waba wuphawu lomhlaba okahle wamaCeltic, osebenza ngokuvumelana ne-eksisi eyasungulwa yinkosi. Nakuba lo mbusi enamandla kuphela lapho ekhona, ngakho ungenzi.
Futhi, u-Arthur noMerlin, bakha umbhangqwana owaziwa kakhulu we-king-druid, ongekho umphakathi wamaCeltic ongaba khona. Ubaba wakhe kwakuyiNkosi u-Uther Pendragon, owathola ngomlingo kaMerlin indodana yakhe u-Arthur, nonkosikazi kaDuke waseCornwall.
Kwakukhona futhi owesifazane ogama lakhe lingu-Igraine, owayezalele uDuke Morgause amadodakazi amabili, owayengunkosikazi weNkosi uLoti yaseLothian nomama kaSir Gawain noMorgana, owafunda ubuciko bemilingo eMerlin futhi wabizwa njengoLe Fay noma iThe Fairy. .
Uze alandele uyise ngokuklebhula inkemba ye-Excalibur edwaleni eyayibhajwe kulo. Eqinisweni, kuwo wonke amanoveli ethebula eliyindilinga (ithebula eliyimfihlakalo leCamelot lapho inkosi namaqhawe ayo babexoxa ngezindaba ezibalulekile ekuvikelekeni kombuso) u-Arthur uchazwa njengongenzi lutho.
Ikakhulukazi njengoba kwakungamaqhawe akhe ayenzela lezi zenzo egameni leNdlovukazi uGuinevere, eyayisebenzisa ubukhosi. Eqinisweni, uGuinevere wayemthanda uLancelot of the Lake, iqhawe elingcono kakhulu lika-Arthur kanye nendodana yokutholwa yeNkosazana Yasechibini. Umbuso wahlukaniswa kabili lapho uFairy Morgan eveza ukuphinga okwenzeka. Lapho uMordred (indodana yeNkosi u-Arthur kanye nendodana kaMorgana) eyabulala iNkosi u-Arthur empini, uMorgana wamyisa e-Avalon (isiqhingi saseBrithani) uyamnakekela futhi amngcwabe.
UMarline
Futhi omunye wabalingiswa abadume kakhulu kunganekwane ye-Arthurian. Eqinisweni, kukholakala ukuthi wayekhona eminyakeni engu-70 ngemva komlando u-Arthur. Yabonakala njenge-wren yeNorth Bretons, etholakala eLower Scotland. Lapho ukulahlekelwa ingqondo yakhe ngenxa yempi kwamenza waphephela ehlathini futhi waqala ukuprofetha. Okudale ukuthi inganekwane ibambe umlingiswa kanye nezici zezinganekwane ezihlukene.
Enye yezindaba ezigqama kakhulu yileyo yenganekwane yohlanya oluphefumulelwe ubunkulunkulu, indoda yasendle, inkosi yezilwane kanye nokulinganisa kwemvelo. Futhi umntwana osanda kuzalwa futhi owenza isambulo sekusasa. Eqinisweni, uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umlingo.
Enganekwaneni, uMerlin uchazwa njengenzalo yedemoni le-incubus elibizwa ngokuthi uBeliali the Bestial, yingakho amandla akhe. Waziwa ngokuphikisana nenkosi eqhwaga u-Vortigern, kanye nokusebenzela nokweluleka u-Aurelius Ambrose (umholi wamaCelt waseRoma) futhi abe umeluleki waphakade kanye nomthakathi we-titular ku-Uther Péndragon.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umenza ubaba u-Arthur futhi umphoqe ukuthi abone u-Arthur njengenkosi yamaBretons, ameluleke futhi amsize enkampanini yakhe, futhi asungule i-Round Table. Izinsuku zakhe zifinyelela umvuthwandaba wehlathi le-Broceliande eceleni kwesithandwa sakhe u-Nimue, iNkosazana YaseChibini.
Uma ubunesithakazelo olwazini kulesi sihloko, ungase futhi ube nesithakazelo ukwazi mayelana inganekwane U-Echo noNarcissus.