Funda kulo lonke lesi sihloko konke mayelana izimbali ze-tuberose, isitshalo esithandwa abaningi nabafuna ukwazi izici zaso, indlela yokusinakekela, ukusithena isikhathi, izinambuzane ezingasithinta, amasu athile okulima, umanyolo, i-morphology yaso nokunye okuningi, ungayeki ukufunda kuze kube yilapho qeda ukufunda konke lokhu.
Iyini i-tuberose futhi yiziphi izici zayo?
Lesi yisitshalo esisetshenziswa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezenzakalweni ezifana neminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu nasemishadweni, njengoba kuyisitshalo esihle kakhulu, imbali engenakuqhathaniswa, ebuye ikhiphe iphunga elimnandi, ngokwesayensi lesi sitshalo saziwa ngokuthi i-Polianthes tuberosa, nakuba kungenjalo. igama elisetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu, ngoba kulula ukumane uthi Nardo.
Umsuka wayo ungowaseMexico, ngoba kulesi sizwe kunesimo sezulu esishisayo nesipholile, amazinga okushisa afanele lesi sitshalo. Ngokuqondene nombala wayo, ngokuvamile umhlophe futhi iwona osetshenziswa kakhulu, noma kunjalo, kungase kube namathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanti amanye ane-pink.
Amanye amagama lesi sitshalo esaziwa ngaphansi kwawo yilawa:
- ama-amoles
- Induku kaSaint Joseph
- Tuberous
Ngakho-ke ingahluka kuye ngenani labantu, kodwa ibhekisela esitshalweni esifanayo; umndeni okukuwo yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-Amaryllidaceae, isigaba esihlobene yiMonocot kanti uhlobo lwe-polianthes.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izilinganiso zayo zingahluka, kodwa ikakhulukazi ifinyelela kumitha ubude, ingxenye yayo amaqabunga angafinyelela amasentimitha angamashumi amathathu, lezi zingase zigoqwe. Lezi zinhlobo zezitshalo kufanele zitshalwe lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, ngoba kungalezi zinsuku lapho isimo sezulu sihlala sipholile, kunelanga elihle futhi linganiselwa njalo.
Ngaphezu kokukunikeza iphunga elimnandi kanye nezwe elihle, ingakunikeza namafutha, ongawakhipha ezimpandeni zawo futhi ngalokhu wenze amakha noma impepho futhi ngaleyo ndlela ube naleli phunga elicebile isikhathi eside.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwezimbali ze-tuberose
Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni, lesi sitshalo siwusizo kakhulu ukuhlobisa imicimbi ehlukene, ngoba ubuhle baso buvumela, ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo izoba mnandi ngephunga elinikezayo; kodwa lokho akukona kuphela ukusetshenziswa, nokwenza iziqholo ozozisebenzisa noma uzidayise uma ukhetha ukusebenzisa isiqu sawo.
Ngokunjalo, okunye ukusetshenziswa okubalulekile nokuzuzisayo kwalesi sitshalo kungafakwa ohlwini, njengokuthi siwumuthi, njengoba kwenzeka nge Isitshalo se-insulin nabanye abaningi, ngoba kulokhu kunemiphumela kulokhu okulandelayo: ukuqwasha, kunciphisa ukucindezeleka, kunenzuzo ezifweni, kuyazuzisa nasezinkingeni zesistimu yomzimba.
Ngokufanayo, uma isiqu sidliwe, singasiza ngesibeletho, ngaleyo ndlela sivumele ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokuya esikhathini, futhi ekugcineni kuhle kakhulu ukulwa namagciwane kanye nesikhunta. Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwalesi sitshalo kungabangela ukusabela okubi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukusisebenzisa ngokulinganisela.
ukutshalwa kwe-tuberose
Ngokuqondene nesitshalo, kuhlale kunokungabaza okungenakubalwa kokuthi kwenziwa kanjani, nini ukwenziwa, kufanele kube kuyiphi indawo nokuthi iyiphi okufanele igwenywe nokunye ukungabaza okuningi, lokhu akwenzeki kuphela nge imbali ye-tuberose, futhi kwenzeka njengabanye abaningi njengesitshalo se AmaDaisy noma ama-orchid nokunye okunjalo; ngoba ukwenza ngendlela engafanele kuyosho ukuthi isitshalo ngeke sithele noma singabi nokubukeka okuhle okufiselekayo.
Ukulima kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nabantu abanokuhlangenwe nakho, abazinikele ekutshaleni izingadi noma okufanayo, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi kuwumsebenzi ongase uzenzele wona ngokuzinikezela okuncane futhi ugcine ikhaya lakho lilihle kakhulu, elinezitshalo eziluhlaza, izimbali nokunye. Into yokuqala okufanele uyiqaphele ngesitshalo okukhulunywa ngaso ukuthi kufanele sikhule nge-bulb yaso.
Ngokunjalo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi sitshalo sivame ukubonakala ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lifudumele, kungabandi kakhulu noma kushisa kakhulu, kufanele futhi sibe nomswakama, singaminzi, kodwa okungenani ukuthi singaba nokwanele.
Thela into yokuqala ekuseni
Omunye wemibuzo evame ukubuzwa ngale mbali uphathelene nokuthenwa, njengoba kukhona abakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi akunjalo, uma kwenzeka lesi sitshalo singcono kakhulu. isikhathi sisekuseni, nakuba kungenjalo kuzo zonke izitshalo, ngakho-ke kufanele ubuze ngesitshalo ngasinye esithile.
Iphuzu eliqondile lapho kufanele usike khona ngokufanele liphansi kwesiqu, lokhu kugqugquzelwa yiqiniso lokuthi ngale ndlela isibani sizoqhubeka nokukhuluphala, ngakho-ke, amaqabunga kufanele ahlale esikhumbeni. isitshalo se-tuberose.
Ungakhohlwa ukususa lawo maqabunga abukeka abunile, njengoba lokhu kuzozuzisa isitshalo sakho, njengoba uzovimbela abanye ukuthi baqhubeke nokubuna; Uzobona ukuthi uma wenza lokhu isitshalo sakho sizokhula.
umanyolo olinganiselayo
Esinye sezici eziyisisekelo zalokhu nanoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo yilokho okuhlobene nomanyolo, ngoba inhlabathi inezihlanganisi ezanele zokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo kuyisici esiyisisekelo, ngoba uma inhlabathi yomile kakhulu noma inomswakama kakhulu, isitshalo. uzofa.
Ukuze uvundise isitshalo okukhulunywa ngaso kufanele uthole umanyolo noma usenze, kufanele sibe ne-phosphorus, i-potassium ne-nitrogen, inani elifanayo lezithako ezintathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho uya ukuthenga umanyolo enkulisa, kufanele ucele ukuthi kube okukhethekile kulolu hlobo lwezitshalo, okungukuthi, izitshalo ze-bulbous, kufanele uzibeke ikakhulukazi ehlobo nasentwasahlobo.
Akudingekile ukuthi ukwenze njalo, uma ukwenza njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuzokwanela, ungabonisana neseluleko esithile nabasebenzi basenkulisa.
I-Taxonomy kanye nemvelaphi
Ngokwe-taxonomically, ihlukaniswa kanje: umndeni ubizwa ngokuthi i-Amaryllidaceae, isigaba yi-Monocot kanti uhlobo lwe-polianthes; Kuyisitshalo esisondelene kakhulu ne-valerian, isitshalo esiphinde zelaphe ngezinhloso eziningi, okungukuthi, singamalungu omndeni owodwa.
Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene noma izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo, ezitshalwa kakhulu yi-Polianthes tuberosa.
Lokhu kudabuka e-Himalayas.Ezikhathini zasendulo kwakungesinye sezitshalo ezihlonishwa kakhulu, njengoba izinzuzo zokuphulukisa ezihlukene zazibangelwa kuso, yingakho sasisetshenziswa kakhulu empucukweni edlule. Lokhu kungatholakala eMexico, eningizimu yaleli zwe.
I-Tuberose flower morphology
Ngokwengxenye yayo, i-bulb insundu, ngaphezu kwalokho, inochungechunge lwezilinganiso, okuyizo lapho lezo zinto ezizisebenzisayo njenge-reserve ziqoqa khona.
Endaweni ye-basal disc yilapho kuvela khona izimpande ezihlukahlukene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona isiqu, esiyindilinga, esiluhlaza ngokugqamile, siqondile, futhi sinembali elula, kuyabonakala ukuthi kunamaqabunga amancane.
Ngokuqondene namahlamvu, ane-sessile, aqondile futhi anezimbambo, ubude bawo ngokuvamile busuka kumasentimitha angamashumi amathathu kuya kwamashumi ayisithupha, ayacwebezela futhi ahlala eseduze nesisekelo salesi sitshalo.
Ekugcineni kukhona imbali, ene-inflorescence, lapho kukhona khona izimbali ezifika ezingamashumi amabili, ezihlukaniswa ngokuthi ama-hermaphrodites, zinephunga, zincane ngosayizi, ukuma kwazo kufana ne-funnel, zinephunga elimnandi. amacembe ayisithupha .
Izidingo ze-Edaphoclimatic
Kufanele kukhulunywe kakhulu ngezinga lokushisa, okuthi, ukuze lesi sitshalo sikhule kahle, kufanele sibe phakathi kwamashumi amabili namashumi amathathu degrees centigrade emini, kanti ebusuku singasukela ku-XNUMX kuya ku-XNUMX degrees centigrade. khona-ke imboni izoyeka ukusebenza.
Okulandelayo, kuyadingeka ukukhomba lokho okuhlobene nokukhanya, okuyinto endabeni yembali ye-tuberose, kudinga ukukhanya okwanele okuvela elangeni, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kuqhakaze.
Endaweni yesithathu kunomswakama, idatha ibonisa ukuthi lokhu akumele kube ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angamashumi ayisithupha noma ngaphezulu kwamaphesenti angu-XNUMX, ngoba uma idlula lesi samba isitshalo sizofutha futhi sibole. Nakuba uma ingaphansi kwesamba esishiwo, isitshalo siyokoma.
Okulandelayo ukuchelela, akufanele unciphise inani le-1,5 g / l, kufanele ukwenze njalo kuze kube yilapho ubona ukuthi amaqabunga okuqala ahlumile, khona-ke kufanele ube njalo nakakhulu.
Ukubhebhetheka
Ukufeza ukusakazwa kwezitshalo, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuthola isibani esesivele sikhiqize isivuno, okungukuthi, esinabantwana, ngoba kuvela kulolu hlobo lwesitshalo lapho uzokwazi ukuthola ama-bulblets ukuze akhuluphale. phezulu.
Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka enkathini yasebusika, uma usunakho lokhu, kufanele uqhubeke uyomisa, lokhu kungenziwa ngokufaka isitshalo emoyeni oshisayo noma ukusigcina emazingeni angamashumi amabili noma angamashumi amabili nanhlanu, okuvumela ukuthi kudlule izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu. .
Khipha amagciwane isitshalo ngaphambi kokusihlwanyela, ukuze usihlwanyele kufanele ukwenze entwasahlobo, kufanele ugebe umhlaba, khumbula ukuthi imisele ngayinye kufanele ibe nebanga elingamasentimitha angamashumi ayisithupha futhi uma ifika ekujuleni kwayo kufanele ibe ngamasentimitha ayishumi kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu besibani .
Izindlela zokutshala izimbali ze-Tuberose
Zimbili izindlela zokutshala, eyokuqala iwukulima okuvamile kwezimbali ezisikiwe kanti eyesibili iwukutshalwa ngenkani kwezimbali ezisikiwe, zombili zizochazwa kabanzi ngezansi.
Isitshalo esijwayelekile sembali esikiwe
Kulesi simo sokuqala, into ebalulekile ukulungisa umhlabathi, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kusengaphambili, okungukuthi, inyanga nezinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu ngaphambi kosuku ozotshala ngalo izimbali zakho ze-tuberose, inhlabathi ozokwenza kuyo. kumele ilinywe ngokuphelele futhi ifakwe ngaphansi komhlaba, kule nqubo, kufanele uthole, uma uthanda, njengoba kuwumquba onconywa kakhulu, ovutshiwe futhi uwubeke phansi, njengoba lokhu kuzonikeza isitshalo amathuba amaningi okuthuthukiswa.
Ngokufanayo, ungakhohlwa ukukhipha amagciwane phansi, ikakhulukazi uma ubona ukuthi kungase kube namagciwane athathelwanayo.
Khona-ke kufanele ufeze ukuhlwanyela, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi ezithile, kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuze kuphele ngoJuni, lapho uqeda ukuhlwanyela kufanele unisele izitshalo ngamanzi amaningi.
Ukutshalwa kwembali ye-cor ngempoqotada
Ngokuqondene nale nqubo yesibili, ilula futhi, ngokungafani neyangaphambili, ungayenza usebenzisa ama-bulb abambezelekile noma asheshisiwe.
Uma uzosebenzisa esheshisiwe, ukutshala kufanele kwenziwe phakathi kwezinyanga zikaDisemba noFebhuwari, ukuze ujabulele izimbali ze-tuberose ezinyangeni zikaMashi, Ephreli, Meyi noJuni. Isibani salolu hlobo kufanele sivunwe ngo-Okthoba futhi njengoba kushiwo engxenyeni edlule, kufanele usibeke emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-XNUMX degrees Fahrenheit ukuze yome.
Uma kwenzeka usebenzisa i-retared, ukuhlwanyela kufanele kwenziwe ngo-Agasti noma kuze kube yinyanga ka-Okthoba, ngale ndlela izimbali ze-tuberose zizovela phakathi kwezinyanga zikaNovemba kuya kuJanuwari, kufanele zibe ngaphansi komswakama.
Izinambuzane nezifo zezimbali ze-tuberose
Kwenzeka nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesitshalo, kukhona njalo ama-ejenti athathelwanayo adala umonakalo ezimbali, iziqu noma amaqabunga ezitshalo, yingakho kufanele uqaphele futhi ubheke ukuziphatha kwabo, angabenza badabuke noma babe buthuntu, futhi uhlole amaqabunga , njengoba isikhunta, izilwane noma okunye okunjalo kungaboniswa.
Ngokuqondene nezinambuzane, lezi zingaba izinhlobo ezahlukene, kukhona i-aphid, i-whitefly, isicabucabu esibomvu kanye namathrips. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isicabucabu esibomvu, yisona esivela lapho isitshalo singaphansi komswakama ophansi futhi amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu, uzobona ukuthi kukhona amabala amhlophe esitshalweni.
Okulandelayo yi-aphid, okuyisimo ongasibona emaqabunga ehlathi, njengoba ziwuhlobo lwezintwala ezinamathela kuyo futhi zingabonakala ngombala obomvu, lokhu kuvame ukubonakala kakhulu ngesikhathi sasentwasahlobo. , ukuze uvimbele ungasebenzisa ama-meshes akhethekile, susa ukhula owonakele noma usebenzise umanyolo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona isifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-whitefly, esihlobene eduze namazinga okushisa aphezulu, okungukuthi, okungenani ama-degrees Celsius angu-25, uma lesi simo sikhona uzokwazi ukubona amabala aphuzi emaqabunga ngakho-ke aqala ukuvela. buna
Okokugcina, kukhona isifo esibizwa ngokuthi ama-thrips, esidala umonakalo engxenyeni yembali, okuthi uma ikhona ingaba namachashaza amhlophe anemiphetho emnyama, kulokhu ungasebenzisa futhi ama-meshes akhethekile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezifo ezingase zihlasele izitshalo, ezinye zalezi zimo zingaba i-Botrytis cinerea, i-Ramularia primulae ne-Rot, njengoba ekugcineni kuyisikhunta esivela esitshalweni ikakhulukazi uma kunomswakama ophezulu, lokhu kungaba kubhekwe esiqwini nasezimpandeni.
Okulandelayo kufanele sikhulume nge-Ramularia primulae, engathinta izimbali ze-tuberose, nazo eziyisikhunta, uma ubheka isitshalo sakho futhi sinamabala amhlophe ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi aphuzi ngakolunye, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi sinalesi sifo .
Kungenzeka futhi ukulawula lezi zifo noma ukunciphisa ukusabalala kwazo, ikakhulukazi uma ubona ukuthi amaqabunga awo anegciwane, uwasuse futhi ushiye lawo anempilo kuphela, ngaphandle kwalokho isifo sizoqhubeka sisakazeka kuwo wonke amaqabunga anempilo futhi izimbali.
Ngokunjalo, ungakwazi ukuvikela izifo ngokusebenzisa umanyolo onempilo njalo, ukhiphe amagciwane endaweni, wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi amathuluzi owasebenzisayo ukuthena namanzi ahlanzeke ngokuphelele, sebenzisa amakhemikhali afanelekile, uqinisekise ukuthi amanzi ahlanzekile nokunye, uma wenza konke. lezi zinkomba zizoba ngaphansi Kungenzeka ukuthi izitshalo zakho zigule noma zibhekane nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinambuzane.